Patent Application
20220099417
This invention relates generally to an ammunition system for firearms, specifically for accommodating propellant charges that are used in bolt action firearms, and more specifically for bolt action muzzleloading firearms. The invention relates to a propellant charge design that facilitates extraction in a bolt action system.
Like most early firearms, the first rifles were muzzleloading firearms. A muzzleloader is any firearm into which the projectile and usually the propellant charge is loaded from the muzzle of the gun (i.e., from the forward, open end of the gun's barrel). Unlike modern breech loaded firearms where the bullet, propellant charge, and primer are loaded as prepackaged cartridges, muzzleloaders are loaded by feeding a propellant charge through the muzzle of the barrel before ramming a bullet or projectile down the barrel with a ramrod until the bullet seats against the propellant charge at the breech end of the barrel.
There are generally three types of muzzleloading firearms: inline 209 primers and percussion, caplock, and flintlock muzzleloaders. Inline 209 primers and percussion muzzleloaders tend to look like most modern firearms. The inline and caplock muzzleloaders differ on where the nipple is attached. The nipple is the component that holds a percussion cap. In the center of the nipple, a small flash hole allows the spark from the cap to transfer to the main propellant charge. In an inline muzzleloader, the cap is in line with the hammer and the barrel. The inline design has the nipple attached to the barrel at the breech and is accessible by a bolt or break action. In addition, inline models may use a removable breech plug to facilitate cleaning. Caplock rifles have a side-mounted firing pin similar to the flintlock rifle, and operate and load in much the same way, but use a more modern pre-loaded firing cap to fire the rifle. A flintlock style of muzzleloader dates back to the 17th century and features a flintlock mechanism that produces sparks when a piece of flint strikes a steel frizzen.
Loading a traditional black powder muzzleloader firearm generally involves a certain amount of complexity (as compared to the loading of modern firearms). For loose granular powder, such general steps include: a) making sure the rifle is not primed; b) making sure the rifle bore is clean of fouling and oil; c) setting a powder measure for a desired powder charge; d) pouring the powder into the measure and then into the muzzle of the rifle; and e) using a ramrod, pressing the bullet, such as a patched round ball, through the rifling and down the bore until it contacts the powder charge.
The ammunition used in muzzleloading rifles has evolved from a round ball projectile compressed in the muzzle end with a patch to projectiles that have incorporated features of modern bullets. Within the latter category, bullet shaped projectiles can be further subdivided into those that are fired with a sabot (which replaces the patch), and projectiles that are lubricated slugs. A sabot is an encasing plastic cup that generally falls away from the projectile after it exits the gun. The sabot eliminates the need for a lubricating means and assures that there is a good seal between the projectile and the bore of the barrel.
Current muzzle loading ammunition comprises multiple parts combined together when loaded into a firearm. Because the various parts are separate, they are not sealed, and they use pyrotechnic materials such as black powder or black powder substitutes that tend to be hygroscopic (they tend to absorb moisture from their surroundings and in particular absorb water vapor from the atmosphere). As a result, their efficiency degrades overtime, and the propellant and resultant combustion products tend to corrode the firearm barrel and chamber.
A complete round of ammunition consists of all the components necessary for one firing of the gun. These normally include a projectile, the propellant or bursting charge, and a primer that ignites the propellant. Other components such as a cartridge case and fuse complete the ammunition.
Variability in muzzleloaders not present in cartridge-based firearms is the quantity and type of the propellant charge. Unlike cartridge firearms, the bullet and propellant charge are combined within the firearm for firing. For muzzleloading firearms, multiple ammunition components are loaded from different ends of the barrel. These multiple components include at least a propellant charge and projectile. The propellant charges comprise a predetermined amount of black powder, black powder substitutes, or smokeless gunpowder. The projectile typically comprises a bullet with or without a sabot. The projectile and propellant charge are traditionally loaded in the muzzle end of the barrel.
Ammunition has evolved over the years, but some general terminology has remained constant, and the terms are used herein in their accepted fashion:
2. A “round” is a term synonymous with a fully loaded cartridge containing a projectile, propellant, primer and casing; and
3. A “fixed round” is a round of ammunition which when stored outside of the firearm chamber prior to loading the round, has the propellant and the bullet commonly engaged to each other by direct engagement.
Various forms of ammunition have been proposed for muzzle loading ammunition. Such ammunition over the years evolved from round ball projectiles to ammunition that has incorporated many of the features of modern bullets. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 7,726,245 issued on Jun. 1, 2010, titled “MUZZLELOADER AMMUNITION,” teaches a fixed round of ammunition for a muzzleloader firearm. The round has a bullet within a sabot that is engaged to a consumable cartridge case. The case is filled with propellant. The bullet is engaged to the propellant composition via the cartridge case. This “fixed round” attempts to incorporate fully modern bullet attributes. In contrast, the more typical muzzle loading ammunition comprises multiple parts that are combined together when loaded into a firearm.
U.S. Pat. No. 9,329,003 issued on May 3, 2016, titled “MUZZLELOADER SYSTEMS,” teaches a pre-packaged propellant charge and primer for providing a means for loading and unloading of the muzzleloader. The breech end accepts the propellant, and a design constriction at the breech end of the barrel is provided to prevent breech loading of the projectile. A projectile inserted in the muzzle end seats on the constriction portion of the barrel. A containment vessel comprising an integrated primer and a cup portion with a propellant charge is insertable into the axial chamber of the breech plug to define the breech end of the barrel, wherein an integrated primer is positioned to be struck with the external hammer to fire the muzzleloader. Similarly, the containment vessel is removable from the axial chamber to unload the muzzleloader.
The ammunition has a predetermined amount of propellant charge encased in a housing or casing along with a separate muzzleloader projectile that when combined with the encased propellant charge presents an ammunition cartridge.
An issue with ammunition of this type is the removal of the casing containing the propellant charge after firing. Essentially, if the same casing used in a break open action rifle is also utilized in a bolt action rifle, the extraction of the casing becomes more challenging. The present invention addresses this issue.
Bearing in mind the problems and deficiencies of the prior art, it is therefore an object of the present invention to provide an ammunition component easily extractable from the barrel of a bolt action rifle.
There are many different bolt action platforms/styles including, but not limited to, Mauser-style action, Straight pull, Savage, Mosin-Nagant style, and Remington 700 style long and short actions. Certain embodiments of the present invention are well suited for rotating bolt actions. Another object of the present invention is solving the extraction issues around these platforms while maintaining a small diameter receiver. Effectively, the proposed propellant charge case greatly facilitates its use in bolt action rifles such as, for example, those utilizing Remington, Savage, and Mauser stocks.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a propellant charge case with a formed gap, slot, or aperture at the base end for receiving a portion of an extractor, such as an extractor extension or protrusion in a bolt-action rifle design.
A further object of the invention is to provide an ammunition system for a muzzleloading firearm that can seat flush against the barrel in a bolt action system, and be configured for removal by an extractor when the bolt head moves away from the barrel.
The above and other objects, which will be apparent to those skilled in the art, are achieved in the present invention which is directed to a propellant charge case for ammunition for a muzzleloading firearm having a barrel or barrel extension with a breech end and a muzzle end, the propellant charge case comprising: a cylindrical casing body having a forward end, a back end, and a central axis, the casing for insertion within the breech end of the barrel or barrel extension, the casing body enclosing a propellant charge of predetermined amount; a cap proximate the forward end of the casing body for sealing the propellant charge within the propellant charge case; a base at the back end of the casing body, the base having a top surface and a bottom surface, the base including: a cylindrical cavity receiving a primer or percussion cap; a central aperture extending from the cylindrical cavity to the propellant charge; a rim radially extending outwards from the central axis, the rim having a forward surface facing the cylindrical body forward end, the rim forward surface in contact with the barrel breech end or barrel extension breech end when the propellant charge case is inserted within the barrel breech end or the barrel extension breech end; and a gap located adjacent to, and axially distanced from, the rim forward surface in a direction of the base top surface, such that the gap is exposed outside the breech end or the barrel extension breech end when the propellant charge case is inserted within the barrel breech end or the barrel extension breech end.
The muzzleloading firearm is a bolt action firearm.
The gap may be formed between the rim forward surface and a disc extending radially from the central axis. The disc is formed at the base top surface.
The base includes an axially extending protrusion extending in a direction along the central axis away from the rim forward surface towards the base top surface, the axially extending protrusion terminating at the disc such that the gap is a circumferential slot.
The base axially extending protrusion has a diameter that is smaller than a diameter of the rim and smaller than a diameter of the disc, forming the slot.
The gap is configured to receive an extractor for removing the propellant charge case from the barrel breech end or the barrel extension breech end. The gap may be formed circumferentially around the base, centered about the central axis.
The cylindrical casing body may be fabricated of plastic material.
The propellant charge case may include a metal outer surface on at least a portion of the cylindrical casing body.
In a second aspect, the present invention is directed to a firearm and ammunition combination comprising: a rifle receiver; a barrel having a barrel breech end and a muzzle end, the muzzle end configured for receiving a projectile; the barrel breech end having a chamber to receive a cartridge or propellant charge case, wherein the chamber extends through the barrel breech end to a narrowing portion in the barrel, the narrowing portion having a smaller diameter than a largest diameter of the projectile, such that loading the projectile into the barrel from the barrel breech end, or inserting the projectile into the chamber from the muzzle end is physically prohibited; a propellant charge case insertable within the chamber, the propellant charge case comprising: a cylindrical casing body having a forward end, a back end, and a central axis, the casing body enclosing a propellant charge of predetermined amount; a base at the back end of the casing body, the base having a top surface, the base including: a central aperture within the base top surface for receiving a primer or percussion cap, the central aperture extending to the propellant charge; a rim radially extending outwards from the central axis, the rim having a forward surface facing the cylindrical body forward end, the rim forward surface in flush mechanical contact with the barrel breech end when the propellant charge case is inserted within the barrel breech end; a slot or gap located adjacent to, and axially distanced from, the rim forward surface in a direction of the base top surface, such that the slot or gap is exposed outside the barrel breech end when the propellant charge case is inserted within the barrel breech end; and an extractor having an extractor extension, prong, or protrusion, the extractor extension, prong, or protrusion insertable within the slot or gap.
The firearm is a bolt action firearm.
The slot or gap is formed between the rim forward surface and the base top surface, extending radially from the central axis. The top surface may form a disc-shaped cap.
The base includes an axially extending protrusion extending in a direction along the central axis away from the rim forward surface towards the base top surface, the axially extending protrusion terminating at the base top surface.
In a third aspect, the present invention is directed to a bolt action firearm comprising: a bolt action rifle receiver having a bolt; a barrel or barrel extension having a barrel breech end and a muzzle end, the breech end including a slot or gap, such that a propellant charge case of the ammunition loaded within the barrel or barrel extension breech end has a rim with an exposed bottom surface; an extractor attached to, or proximate with, the bolt, the extractor having an extended protrusion for insertion within the slot or gap upon extraction of the propellant charge case.
The bolt action rifle comprises a bolt action muzzleloading rifle.
The extractor is in slideable engagement with respect to the bolt, such that the extractor moves back and forth between a retracted position that allows for full reception of the propellant charge case into the barrel or barrel extension, and an extended position for extracting the propellant charge case.
In a fourth aspect, the present invention is directed to a method of extracting a propellant charge case from a bolt action rifle, comprising: providing a bolt action rifle receiver having a bolt; providing a barrel with a breech end and a muzzle end attached to the receiver; providing a propellant charge case with a casing body and a base having a rim and a gap, the gap being exposed when the propellant charge case is inserted within the barrel breech end with the rim flush against the barrel breech end; providing an extractor attached to, or proximate with, the bolt, wherein the extractor includes a protrusion; inserting the protrusion into the gap; sliding the extractor away from the barrel breech end, which pulls the propellant charge case out of the barrel breech end.
The rim extends radially outwards from a central axis of the propellant charge, the rim having a forward surface facing the barrel muzzle end, the rim forward surface in flush mechanical contact with the barrel breech end prior to extraction.
The step of sliding the extractor away from the barrel breech end includes actuating a bolt action lever in order to pull the bolt away from the breech end of the barrel.
The features of the invention believed to be novel and the elements characteristic of the invention are set forth with particularity in the appended claims. The figures are for illustration purposes only and are not drawn to scale. The invention itself, however, both as to organization and method of operation, may best be understood by reference to the detailed description which follows taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which:
In describing the preferred embodiment of the present invention, reference will be made herein to
There is a conduit 48, extending from the primer to the propellant charge, which may include therein a breakable sealing material capable of puncture, that upon firing directs and communicates the hot gas expelled by primer 38 to the propellant charge 44.
In order to seat the propellant charge case 32 into the barrel chamber 34, as well as facilitate the removal of the propellant charge case, a rim 50 is presented having a circumferential lip with a diameter greater than the cylindrical body diameter of the propellant charge case. Rim 50 is situated on the breech end of the barrel chamber 34, and a step 52 is formed at the breech end of the barrel chamber to ensure precise positioning of the propellant charge.
An innermost portion of rim 50, facing the muzzle end of the barrel, is exposed from the barrel breech end and rests on a lip extension of ejector 46, which, upon break open action, can be shifted in the direction of arrow 56 to extract the spent propellant charge.
An additional constraint on the aforementioned design includes the propellant charge casing normally being built entirely of plastic and expressly designed to fit into the chamber of a break open firearm. As depicted in
The propellant charge discussed above is designed predominantly for break open action firearms. The design does not serve bolt action rifles for two fundamental reasons: a) the large rear rim on the propellant charge would necessarily require a larger bolt head diameter that would ultimately govern and increase the size of the rifle in order to properly and safely house the charge, and the larger size would not be suitable for sporting activities, such as hunting; and b) the need for extraction would require that the rim be accessible outside of the chamber, which would ultimately expose a portion of the propellant charge.
As described above, a bolt head/extractor combination will not easily accommodate a flush mounted propellant charge without exposing and requiring a gap for extraction purposes.
The clearance for barrel notch 74 exposes a portion of propellant charge case 32 to firing pressure, which under certain firing conditions may be capable of breaking the propellant charge case during firing and present unpredictable consequences.
At the base of the propellant charge case is a circular disc or rim 86 that extends radially outwards from central axis 89 and beyond the diameter of the cylindrical casing body. In this manner, rim 86 has a larger diameter than the propellant charge case diameter. A protrusion 84, preferably a cylindrical protrusion extending outwardly from the rim in the breech direction, is centrally positioned on the rim top surface and is projected axially away from rim 86, terminating in a top disc 88, generally in the form of a flat, circular disc extending radially outwards with a diameter slightly larger than the diameter of cylindrical protrusion 84. This formation presents an extraction receiving gap, such as a slot or hole (preferably, but not limited to, a circumferential slot), between the top disc 88 and the top surface of the rim 86. The extraction gap is configured to receive an extractor 90.
This design allows for rim 86 to seat flush within a stepped portion at the breech end of barrel 82 in a bolt action firearm. Upon extraction, extractor 90 is placed within the extraction gap 84 and retracted axially in the direction of arrow 92 to pull propellant charge case 80 from barrel 82.
A central aperture or cavity 91, axially centered about central axis 89, receives a primer or percussion cap 85.
Top surface disc 88 of cylindrical extension 84 is of an appreciably smaller diameter than the rim of the prior art propellant charge case. This diameter matches that of some commonly used cartridges on the market so that the bolt of a bolt action rifle, and with its associated bolt head, can be of an industry-standard diameter, and therefore, advantageously, the size of the muzzleloader bolt action rifle will not be bigger than most common models on the market.
As noted above, the present invention may be implemented in a bolt action muzzleloading firearm to facilitate the extraction of a propellant charge case. The bolt action muzzleloading firearm is preferably designed with a barrel having a breech end modified to include a chamber at the breech end adapted to accept a propellant charge case of the present invention, or adaptable to a barrel extension at the breech end of the barrel, where the barrel extension is modified to include a similar chamber.
The chamber receives the propellant charge case, wherein the chamber extends through the barrel breech end (or barrel extension breech end) to a narrowing portion in the barrel. The narrowing portion having a smaller diameter than a largest diameter of a projectile inserted in the muzzle end of the barrel, such that loading the projectile into the barrel from the barrel breech end or inserting the projectile into the chamber from the muzzle end is physically prohibited.
The propellant charge case used in the bolt action muzzleloading firearm is insertable within the chamber. It has a cylindrical casing body with a forward end, a back end, and a central axis, and encapsulates a propellant charge of predetermined amount.
At the back end of the propellant charge casing body is the base, which presents an exposed top surface and includes an axially located central cavity that extends from the base top surface to the encapsulated propellant charge. The central cavity is configured with a diameter for receiving a primer or percussion cap.
In one embodiment, the base of the propellant charge casing further includes a rim radially extending outwards from the central axis. The rim has a forward surface with a face exposed in the direction of the muzzle end of the firearm. The propellant charge case is inserted into the chamber such that the rim's forward surface face is flush against the breech end of a barrel or a barrel extension.
As noted above, a gap is formed adjacent to, and axially distanced from, the rim forward breech-exposed surface in a direction of the base top surface, such that the gap is exposed outside the barrel breech end when the propellant charge case is inserted within said barrel breech end. In at least one embodiment, the gap is a formed slot. In another embodiment, the slot is circumferentially exposed.
The bolt action muzzleloading firearm includes an extractor having an extractor extension, prong, or protrusion, located preferably on the bolt, on or proximate to the bolt head. The extractor is removably insertable within the slot, such that after firing, upon movement of the bolt away from the barrel breech end, the extractor pulls the propellant charge case out of the breech end of the barrel.
In one embodiment, bolt head 102 includes small extractor therein, which has a radially extending prong to fit into extractor slot or perimeter groove 84. In this manner, even by rotating the bolt and the extractor contained therein, the propellant charge case is never exposed outside the barrel. The rim sits flush against the breech end of the barrel, and the region of the propellant charge case most exposed to pressure is now supported by the walls of the barrel.
This metal area 110a has a rim 112, a cylindrical extension 114 extending axially from rim 112, and a top, radially extending disc 116 that together with to the surface of the rim form an extraction slot for receiving an extractor (not shown).
In the center of metal area 110a is an accommodation for primer 120 that communicates through a small hole 122 and sealed with a fine sheet of plastic material. This metal region 110a has an insert that narrows forward 124. The front of the plastic-made propellant charge case 110b is fixed upon it. At the breech end of the propellant charge case 110, plastic wraps around and is fixed upon the metal insert 124. In yet another embodiment of the propellant charge case of the present invention,
In this model, the sealing of the fire communication duct from the percussion cap or primer to the propellant charge is performed by the same plastic of the cartridge body, and does not require any additional components.
It should be noted that the partial metal casing of the propellant charge case discussed above can be utilized in a propellant charge case design such as that depicted in
In another aspect, a method of extracting the propellant charge case of the present invention from a muzzleloading rifle is presented. A muzzleloading rifle receiver having a barrel with a breech end and a muzzle end is presented with a propellant charge case inserted in the barrel breech end such that the rim of the propellant charge case is flush against the barrel breech end. After firing, a portion of an extractor, such as an extended protrusion, extension, or prong of the extractor, is inserted into a slot between a cutout portion of the barrel breech end and the propellant charge case rim, or a gap formed on the top of the propellant charge case rim by a disc cap and a cylindrical protrusion extending from the rim. The extractor, which is preferably located on or proximate to the end of the bolt in a bolt action rifle, slides away from the barrel breech end with the extraction of the bolt, which pulls the propellant charge case out of the barrel breech end.
While the present invention has been particularly described, in conjunction with a specific preferred embodiment, it is evident that many alternatives, modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art in light of the foregoing description. It is therefore contemplated that the appended claims will embrace any such alternatives, modifications and variations as falling within the true scope and spirit of the present invention.
Thus, having described the invention, what is claimed is:
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 63075553 | Sep 2020 | US |
