Patent Application
20150083381
The present invention relates to a heat exchanging apparatus for heating or cooling fluid instantaneously.
As a heat exchanging apparatus, for example, there is an apparatus for heating gas. A mechanism generally frequently used is a mechanism for heating gas by causing the gas to pass through a heated pipe. Alternatively, there is a mechanism for heating gas by causing heated fluid to a pipe with fins and causing the gas to pass through between the fins.
These mechanisms are frequently used not only for gas but also to heat liquid or produce steam of water. An apparatus for cooling gas opposite to heating gas also has a similar mechanism.
This structure is popular and has a history, but an apparatus having the structure requires a large volume. The reason is because efficiency of heat exchange between fluid flowing in a pipe and the pipe is poor.
A mechanism having a popular structure for improving the heat exchange efficiency of the popular structure has been proposed. Examples of the mechanism are shown in
The heat exchange shown in
Since a velocity of gas with a flow rate of 100 SLM passing through a section of 1 cm2 is calculated to be 16 m/s, a time period required for the gas to pass through an apparatus with the flow path section of having a length of 10 cm is 0.01 seconds or less. That is, gas is heated up to the temperature of the heated carbon instantaneously. The structure provided by
The apparatuses for heating gas instantaneously to jet high-temperature gas are applied to not only heating and drying but also a step of heating various materials (metal, dielectric and the like) applied to a substrate to bake them. These apparatuses are also effective for heating such liquid as water.
The apparatus for cooling gas instantaneously is applied to cooling steam from a turbine, cooling refrigerant for an air conditioner, cooling exhaust gas from a boiler, and the like. The application to cooling refrigerant is promising in geothermal power generation paid attention to recently.
The present invention relates to an apparatus for performing heating of fluid such as gas or liquid instantaneously or cooling of the same instantaneously efficiently.
It is desired to manufacture an apparatus for heating or cooling gas at a high efficiency at a low cost. That is, it is desired to manufacture an apparatus having the flow path structure shown in
If the working for formation of the flow path shown in
A basic structure of the present invention to solve the problem is shown in
In manufacture of the structure shown in
A structure shown in
A fluid inlet 303 and a fluid outlet 304 have been formed in the flow path sheet 301 in this example, but they may be formed in the sealing sheet 302.
A narrow groove constituting the flow path is called “channel (indicated by a symbol CH). The width of the channel has a width of 2 mm, a depth of 2 mm and a length of 6 mm, for example. The shapes of channels CH1, CH2, CH3, CH4, CH5 and CH6 can be designed arbitrarily. The numbers of the channels can be designed arbitrarily. The lateral groove extending perpendicularly to the plurality of channels to connect them is called “tab (indicated by a symbol T”). Fluid which has passed through a channel impinges on a wall of a tab. A width of the tab is 5 mm, a depth thereof is 5 mm and a length thereof is 5 cm, for example. The shapes and the numbers of tabs T1, T2, T3, T4, and T5 can be designed arbitrarily.
A lateral groove connecting to the fluid inlet 303 is called “buffer tab 305”, and a lateral groove connecting to the fluid outlet 304 is called “buffer tab 306”. A width of the buffer tab is 15 mm, a depth thereof is 5 mm and a length thereof is 5 cm, for example. The shapes of these buffer tabs can be designed arbitrarily.
When the flow path sheet 301 and the sealing sheet 302 are cooled to reach a low temperature, the fluid 307 is cooled.
If the bonded sheets are metal sheets, the flow path forming and the bonding can be performed easily, so that manufacturing a heat exchanging apparatus can be performed at a low cost.
As the material for constituting the bonded sheets, there are heat-conductive plastics. For example, there are plastic complex materials mixed with carbon nanotubes, graphene, carbon fibers, metal fibers or the like. Since die stamping and connection work to these composite materials are possible, a bonded sheet made plastic of composite material is also utilized in manufacture of the heat exchanging apparatus 300 instead of the metal sheet.
Further, when a surrounding material or fluid contacting with the heat exchanging apparatus has corrosiveness, it is also possible to line, paint or sheet a surface of the material of the heat exchanging apparatus 300. Further, it is possible to oxide the surface of the material to protect the heat exchange apparatus 300 with an oxidized film.
Screwing can be adopted for joining bonded sheets. A rubber packing, a carbon packing, another sealing packing can be used for joining for bonded sheets.
The joining using adhesive is possible.
The fluid may be gas containing air or liquid containing water.
Water is special material. Since water can be used as material for steam gas without preparing gas particularly, it can be utilized as gas which does not contain oxygen gas.
High-temperature steam having a temperature exceeding 100° C. is high in ability for decomposing organic matter. When high-temperature steam having a temperature of about 1000° C. is caused to contact with organic waste such as meat, vegetable, wood piece, or plastics, the molecules of the waste are cut or decomposed so that gas containing hydrogen, carbon, and oxygen is generated.
Even if a temperature of steam is lower than this temperature (about 1000° C.), for example, when high-temperature steam of about 300° C. is caused to contact with meat, the meat can be changed to soft meat to be bitten easily due to change of sinews in the meat. This can be applied to safe barbecue which does not use flame.
The above gas having a high chemical potential extracted by causing the above high-temperature steam and waste to contact with each other can be reused as energy resource. Therefore, the bonded heat exchanging apparatus constitutes a treatment apparatus for organic waste.
The heat exchanging apparatus 300 is a unit formed in a flat plate shape, but it may be formed in a triangular shape, a rectangular shape or another polygonal tube. When the heat exchanging apparatus 300 is manufactured from a plate shaped in a circular pipe instead of material of the flat plate shape, it can be formed in a cylindrical shape.
The shapes and the number of fluid outlets 304 and fluid inlets 306 and positions to which the fluid outlets 304 and the fluid inlets 306 are attached may be designed arbitrarily. When a plurality of heat exchanging apparatuses 300 are connected, the plurality of heat exchanging apparatuses 300 can be connected in series by connecting the fluid inlets and the fluid outlets to one another, or the plurality of heat exchanging apparatuses 300 can also be connected in parallel by connecting the fluid inlets to each other and connecting the fluid outlets to one another.
It is possible to attach a plurality of heat exchanging apparatuses 300 to a surface of another tube or plate without changing the shapes of the heat exchanging apparatuses 300.
It is possible to attach a heater to the heat exchanging apparatus 300 or put the heat exchanging apparatus 300 in heated medium in order to heat fluid.
It has been found that it is effective to introduce air heated to a high temperature, for example, in order to enhance a combustion efficiency of a boiler. In order to achieve this object, it is desirable to cause the heat exchanging apparatus 300 to contact with a combustion chamber or an exhaust piping of the boiler or put the heat exchanging apparatus 300 in the combustion chamber or the exhaust piping to heat air and introduce the air which has been heated as heated air.
In order to cool fluid, it is possible to cause cooling medium to contact with the heat exchanging apparatus 300 or put the heat exchanging apparatus 300 in low-temperature medium.
For example, it is possible to cool high-temperature gas efficiently by causing the high-temperature gas from a turbine to pass through the heat exchanging apparatus 300 as fluid to immerse the heat-exchanging apparatus 300 in sea water and cool the same.
There is such a case that it is desired to perform heat exchanging between first gas and second gas instantaneously. In order to achieve this object, it is desirable to join a first heat exchanging apparatus 300 and a second heat exchanging apparatus 300 to each other via sealing sheets 302 thereof in a back to back fashion and causing the first gas to pass through the first heat exchanging apparatus 300 while causing the second gas to pass through the second heat exchanging apparatus 300.
For example, when it is desired to cool ammonia used in geothermal power generation with air, it is desirable to utilize high-temperature ammonia gas as the first gas and utilize air as the second gas.
First Embodiment: one or more embodiments of the present invention are heat exchanging apparatuses where a flow path having air tightness is formed by a structure having a second sheet joined to a first sheet having grooves formed by bending the first sheet by stamping, wherein the grooves are composed of lateral grooves opened outward at a side face of the first sheet, elongated in one direction and formed in another direction different from the one direction with predetermined intervals in a plural-stage fashion, and a plurality of longitudinal grooves causing the lateral grooves adjacent to each other to communicate with each other to connect the lateral grooves, the longitudinal grooves being perpendicular to the lateral grooves; a flow path through which fluid introduced into a lateral groove at one end of the flow path flows to a lateral groove at the other end of the flow path via the lateral grooves and the longitudinal grooves; and fluid introduced into the flow path impinges on a wall of the flow path perpendicularly to perform heat exchange and the fluid is caused to flow out of a fluid outlet port at the other end of the flow path.
Second Embodiment: one or more embodiments of the present invention are heat exchanging apparatuses of the above first embodiment, wherein the first sheet and the second sheet are each either one of an iron sheet, a stainless steel sheet, an aluminum sheet, a brass sheet, and a plastic composite material sheet mixed with carbon nanotubes, graphene, carbon fibers, or metal fibers.
Third Embodiment: one or more embodiments of the present invention are heat exchanging apparatuses according to the above first embodiment or second embodiment, wherein a surface of the first sheet and the second sheet are each either one of lined with resin, painted, plated or oxidized to be coated with an oxide film.
Fourth Embodiment: one or more embodiments of the present invention are heat exchanging apparatuses according to any one of the above first embodiment to third embodiment, wherein the sheets are joined by either one of a weld joint, a crimp joint, a screw joint, and an adhesive joint. A weld joint may be of the type formed by either one of joining using an electrical welder (a tool for causing large current to flow to contact faces to join both the contact faces), joining performed by electric welding, joining performed by argon welding, and joining performed by silver solder welding. A screw joint may be of the type formed by joining performed by screwing via a seal packing interposed between the sheets.
Fifth Embodiment: one or more embodiments of the present invention are heat exchanging apparatuses according to any one of the above first embodiment to fourth embodiment, wherein the fluid is either one of gas containing air, liquid containing water, and gas containing radioactive element.
Six Embodiment: one or more embodiments of the present invention are heat exchanging apparatuses according to any one of the above first embodiment to fifth embodiment, wherein the heat exchanging apparatus heats the fluid by adopting either one of the heat exchanging apparatus being attached with a heater and the heat exchanging apparatus being put in a high-temperature medium.
Seventh Embodiment: one or more embodiments of the present invention are heat exchanging apparatuses according to any one of the above first embodiment to fifth embodiment, wherein the heat exchanging apparatus cools the fluid by adopting either one of the heat exchanging apparatus being caused to contact with a low-temperature medium and the heat exchanging apparatus being put in a low-temperature medium.
Eighth Embodiment: one or more embodiments of the present invention are heat exchanging apparatuses having two heat exchanging apparatuses joined together, the heat exchanging apparatuses being any one of the above first embodiment to seventh embodiment to cause first fluid and second fluid to pass through the two heat exchanging apparatuses.
Ninth Embodiment: one or more embodiments of the present invention are apparatuses which causes high-temperature steam produced by any one of the first embodiment to eighth embodiment and organic matter to contact with each other.
According to one or more embodiments of the present invention, it is made possible to manufacture a heat exchanging apparatus for fluid by only forming a flow path for heat exchange on a bendable sheet, particularly a sheet metal by die stamping and welding another sheet metal to the bendable sheet without depending on cutting work to a base body which takes time.
The number of steps is reduced so that a manufacturing cost of a heat exchanging apparatus can be reduced.
As the material for the first sheet and the second sheet, a metal, a surface-treated metal, a resin-lined metal, a metal having a surface coated with an oxidized film, and a plastic composite material with an increased heat conductivity can be used. It is possible to select a material preventing corrosion or wearing due to contact with fluid or heat medium from these materials.
Accordingly, it is possible to heat and cool fluid such as corrosive chemicals or toxic gas having permeability.
According to one or more embodiments of the present invention, joining of two sheets can be performed simply. When the sheets are metal sheets, they can be joined by welding or using an electric welder. When the sheets are made of plastics, they can be joined by adhesive. Crimping is an easy method utilized for making a canned food. Since these methods for joining and forming are simple and an existing equipment can be used, a manufacturing cost at a manufacturing time of the heat exchanging apparatus can be reduced.
According to one or more embodiments of the present invention, gas and liquid can be handled as the fluid.
When oxygen is selected as the fluid, heated oxygen can be produced instantaneously. When hydrogen or formic acid is selected as the fluid, high-temperature reducing gas can be produced instantaneously. When an oxidized film on a bump surface is reduced, melting of the bump occurs at a low temperature with good reproducibility, so that a bump joining step becomes stable.
When air and utility gas are selected as the fluid, it becomes possible to mix high-temperature air and fuel and introduce them into a boiler, a combustion temperature becomes high, and a combustion efficiency rises, which results in saving of the utility gas. The heated air elevates a combustion efficiency of an internal combustion engine, which can result in saving of fuel such as heavy oil.
When water is changed to steam having a temperature of 100° C. or more, it becomes possible to perform heating or drying in a non-oxygen state. When mutton with a rib is roasted by steam having 300° C., sinews in the mutton became soft.
Even in drying for dry cleaning disfavoring oxidation, or even in instantaneous drying of printing ink, high-temperature steam can be produced at hand to be utilized.
When it is desired to heat material chips with a high adiabaticity included in a container, it takes much time for heating the container when the material chips have a high adiabaticity.
In such a case, it is possible to heat or melt an adiabatic material in a short time by introducing heated steam, air, or nitrogen into the container. When it is desired to mix adiabatic materials different in melting temperature from each other, it is desirable to heat the respective materials by gas in advance. In such a case, gas heated to a desired temperature by the heat exchanging apparatus can be utilized.
When a radioactive contaminant is cooled by water in a nuclear power plant, water radioactively contaminated is produced, so that it is troubling to treat the contaminated water. There is an idea for performing cooling with air so as not to produce contaminated water. In such a case, an apparatus for cooling a large amount of air in site instantaneously is required. Of course, the heat exchanging apparatus is suitable to achieve the object.
According to one or more embodiments of the present invention, an electric heater or high-temperature exhaust gas can be used as a high-temperature medium in order to heat a heat exchanging apparatus. Since there is a risk of a skin burn at a high-temperature time, the heat exchanging apparatus is enclosed by an adiabatic material and is housed in a case.
When a user desires to cool the heat exchanging apparatus to a low temperature, it is possible to cause the heat exchanging apparatus to contact with water serving as the low-temperature medium or immerse the heat exchanging apparatus in water.
According to one or more embodiments of the present invention, it is possible to exchange only heat between gas and gas, between liquid and gas, and between liquid and liquid without causing them to contact with each other. Since the contact is performed in a back to back fashion, a volume of the heat exchanging apparatus is small and a heat exchanging efficiency is high. A heat exchanging method which can avoid such a problem as corrosion or wearing, or toxicity is made possible by selecting a material for the heat exchanging apparatus. When this structure is used in an indoor unit and an outdoor unit of a cooler, a volume is small, which is different from a finned pipe having a large volume, so that such an effect that the indoor unit and the outdoor unit can be reduced in size, respectively can be achieved.
According to one or more embodiments of the present invention, it is possible to extract gas with high chemical potential from meat, vegetable or wood pieces to reuse the gas as a fuel resource.
A first example is shown in
A bonded heat exchanging apparatus 400 is manufactured from a stainless steel sheet. A flow path sheet 401 with a flow path formed by applying die stamping to a stainless steel sheet is manufactured. A depth of a tab of the flow path is 5 mm, a width thereof is 5 mm and a length thereof is 5 cm. Buffer tabs 403 and 404 having the same depth and length as those of the tab and having a width of 15 mm are provided at both ends of the flow path, and they are provided with a fluid inlet 405 and a fluid outlet 406 made of stainless steel pipes of ¼ inches through welding. A width of a channel is 2 mm, a length thereof is 6 mm, and a depth thereof is 2 mm.
The above flow path sheet 401 and a sealing sheet 402 having a thickness of 2 mm are welded to each other to have air tightness. A flow path 407 serving as a flow path having air tightness is constituted of the flow path sheet 401 and the sealing sheet 402, so that the bonded heat changing apparatus 400 is constituted.
A heater 408 is bonded to the sealing sheet 402 of the bonded heat exchanging apparatus 400, and ends of the sealing sheet 402 are bent to be welded to an adiabatic member 409. The adiabatic member 409 is a member obtained by enclosing adiabatic material by a stainless steel sheet with a thickness of 0.05 mm in a bag shape.
The heater 408 and the bonded heat exchanging apparatus 400 are surrounded by the adiabatic member 409 and they are fixed to a case 410 manufactured by a stainless steel sheet with a thickness of 1 mm.
A power feeding wire of the heater 408 and a thermocouple for temperature measurement not shown go out of the case 410.
When air is introduced from the fluid inlet 405 while the temperature indicated by the thermocouple is controlled to be constant, heated air goes out of the fluid outlet 406. When the temperature of the thermocouple is controlled in response to the temperature of the heated air, air having a temperature kept in a set temperature goes out.
A second example is shown in
Inlets 506 and 508 and outlets 507 and 509 of fluid 511 indicated by arrows in
Heat medium 510 flows inside the tubular sealing sheet 501. The heat medium 510 can be selected arbitrarily in response to an intended purpose of the tubular heat exchanging apparatus 500.
When the tubular heat exchanging apparatus 500 is connected to a combustion gas exhaust pipe of a boiler, combustion gas constitutes the heat medium 510. When the fluid 511 is air, the air can be heated by the heat medium 510. When heated air is used for combustion in a boiler, a combustion efficiency is enhanced. When the fluid 511 is water, high-temperature steam can be produced by heating the water.
A third example is shown in
The cylindrical flow path sheet 602 forms a flow path for the heat medium 510. The fluid 511 enters the flow path from a fluid inlet 603 and goes out of a fluid outlet 606 through cylindrical buffer tabs 604 and 605 of the cylindrical flow path sheet 602.
The heat medium 510 flows inside the cylindrical flow path sheet 602. The heat medium 510 can be selected arbitrarily in response to an intended purpose of the cylindrical heat exchanging apparatus 600.
When the cylindrical heat exchanging apparatus 600 is connected to a combustion gas exhaust pipe of a boiler, combustion gas constitutes the heat medium 510. When the fluid 511 is air, the air can be heated by the heat medium 510. When heated air is used for combustion in a boiler, a combustion efficiency is enhanced. When the fluid 511 is water, high-temperature steam can be produced by heating the water.
When cooling medium is utilized as the heat medium 510, the fluid 511 is cooled.
Accordingly, the structure can be utilized for heat exchange in an indoor unit or an outdoor unit of an air conditioner. Since a heat exchanging efficiency of the flow path structure is high, there is such a merit that the size of the indoor unit or the outdoor unit can be made smaller than that of a conventional equipment using pipes and fins.
A fourth example is shown in
First fluid 708 enters a flow path from a first fluid inlet 706 to be subjected to heat exchange by the first flow path sheet 701 and goes out of a first fluid outlet 704.
Second fluid 709 enters a flow path from a second fluid inlet 707 to be subjected to heat exchange by the second flow path sheet 702 and goes out of a second fluid outlet 705.
In the structure, the first fluid 708 and the second fluid 709 function as heat mediums to each other.
That is, two fluids perform heat exchanges to each other via the heat exchanging apparatus 700 efficiently.
A fifth embodiment is shown in
As the heated liquid, there is water or air which has been heated by geothermal energy, and there is sea water as the cooled liquid.
Though only one heat exchanging apparatus 800 is shown, many heat exchanging apparatuses may be immersed, they may be arranged in a regular fashion, they may be connected to one another in series or connected to one another in parallel, and arbitrary design can be adopted.
The present invention provides a small-sized and light-weight part for producing a large amount of gas or liquid which has been heated up to a high temperature at a low price. An application field can involve drying of printed matter, a small-sized air conditioning equipment, heat exchange in a heating and cooling apparatus for material containing toxic substance or radioactive substance, or corrosive material, rapid producing of high-temperature steam, a heating and vaporizing apparatus for wastes, melding of industrial waste plastics, or the like. The present invention is suitable for a technique of heating and film-forming a solar cell or a flat panel display (FPD) on a large-sized substrate such as a glass substrate.
The present invention is not limited to the embodiments described explicitly, and it includes variants and generalizations which are within the competence of the person skilled in the art.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2013-197594 | Sep 2013 | JP | national |
