Bone stabilizing implants and methods of placement across SI Joints

Information

  • Patent Grant
  • 11672570
  • Patent Number
    11,672,570
  • Date Filed
    Wednesday, November 25, 2020
    4 years ago
  • Date Issued
    Tuesday, June 13, 2023
    a year ago
Abstract
Threaded sacro-iliac joint stabilization (e.g., fusion, fixation) implants and methods of implantation and manufacture. Some implants include a threaded distal region, an optionally threaded central region, and an optionally threaded proximal region. The distal, central, and proximal regions have lengths such that when the implant is laterally implanted across a SI joint, the distal region can be positioned in a sacrum, the central region can be positioned across an SI-joint, and the proximal region can be positioned in an ilium.
Description
INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE

All publications and patent applications mentioned in this specification are herein incorporated by reference to the same extent as if each individual publication or patent application was specifically and individually indicated to be incorporated by reference.


BACKGROUND

The SI-Joint functions in the transmission of forces from the spine to the lower extremities, and vice-versa. The SI-Joint has been described as a pain generator for up to 22% of lower back pain. To relieve pain generated from the SI Joint, SI Joint fusion is typically indicated as surgical treatment, e.g., for degenerative sacroiliitis, inflammatory sacroiliitis, iatrogenic instability of the sacroiliac joint, osteitis condensans ilii, or traumatic fracture dislocation of the pelvis. There is a continued need for improved threaded SI Joint fixation and fusion implants.


SUMMARY OF THE DISCLOSURE

One aspect of the disclosure is a threaded bone implant (“implant”). The implant may include an elongate body having a distal end and a proximal end. The elongate body may include a threaded multi-lead distal region, a threaded single-lead central region disposed proximally of the multi-lead distal region, and a threaded multi-lead proximal region disposed proximally of the single-lead central region. The elongate body has a length, and the threaded multi-lead distal region, the threaded single-lead central region, and the threaded multi-lead proximal region may each have individual lengths such that when the implant is laterally implanted, the multi-threaded distal region can be positioned in a sacrum, the single-lead central region can be positioned across a SI-joint, and the multi-lead proximal region can be positioned in an ilium.


In this aspect, the threaded multi-lead distal region may be better adapted to anchor into dense sacral bone than the threaded single lead central region.


In this aspect, the threaded multi-lead proximal region may be better configured to anchor into dense iliac bone than the threaded single lead central region.


In this aspect, one or both of the multi-lead distal region and the multi-lead proximal region may be a dual-lead threaded region.


In this aspect, the multi-lead distal region, single-lead central region, and multi-lead proximal region may all comprise an inner shank from which the respective thread radially extends and a porous network of interconnected struts disposed about the inner shank and in between threads. A proximal region or portion of the threaded single-lead central region may be free of a porous network of interconnected struts, and a threaded single-lead central region may have a major diameter from 9 mm to 11 mm (the outer diameter of the thread).


In this aspect, a threaded multi-lead distal region may be a dual-lead distal region comprising a pattern of high and low threads.


In this aspect, a threaded multi-lead proximal region may be a dual-lead distal region comprising a pattern of high and low threads.


In this aspect, a first thread may be continuous and extend from the distal region, through the central region, and into the proximal region. A continuous thread in this regard may be interrupted by a plurality of fenestrations and/or flutes extending through the elongate body.


In this aspect, the elongate body may further have a plurality of helical flutes formed therein, each of the plurality of flutes extending in the multi-lead distal region, the single-lead central region, and optionally in the multi-lead proximal region. A plurality of helical flutes may consist of three helical flutes in the elongate implant body. Each of a plurality of flutes may have a plurality of fenestrations aligned with the respective flute, the fenestrations spaced from each other along a length of the flute and extending into an elongate body central lumen or area. Each of a plurality of fenestrations may have a radially inward tapered configuration. At least one of a plurality of fenestrations may be disposed in the distal region, at least one of the plurality of fenestrations may be disposed in the central region, and at least one of the plurality of fenestrations may be disposed in the proximal region. In some embodiments the proximal region is free of fenestrations.


In this aspect, a first fenestration in the distal region may be larger than a second fenestration in the central region, and optionally each of a plurality of distal fenestrations may be larger than each of a plurality of central fenestrations.


In this aspect, the elongate body may further comprise a plurality of fenestrations therethrough. A first fenestration in the distal region may be larger than a second fenestration in the central region. In some embodiments, each of a plurality of distal fenestrations may be larger than each of a plurality of central fenestrations.


In this aspect, a proximal region of the elongate body may be tapered, with a proximal end having a larger radial dimension than a distal end of the proximal region.


In this aspect, at least one of the threads may have an inverse fillet that is curved.


In this aspect, a proximal end of the elongate body may be counter-sunk.


In this aspect, the length of the distal region may be from 10 mm to 22 mm.


In this aspect, the length of the central region may be from 8 mm to 56 mm.


In this aspect, the length of the proximal region may be from 6 mm to 10 mm.


This aspect may further include any suitable implant feature described herein.


One aspect of this disclosure is a threaded bone stabilization implant adapted for a lateral delivery and sized for placement across a sacro-iliac (“SI”) joint. The implant includes an elongate body having a distal end and a proximal end. The elongate body may include a threaded distal region, a threaded central region disposed proximally of the distal region, and a proximal region disposed proximally of the central region. The elongate body may further include a plurality of helical flutes, each of the plurality of helical flutes having formed therethrough a plurality of fenestrations extending into a central lumen. The body may have a length, and the threaded distal region, the threaded central region, and the proximal region may each have individual lengths such that when the implant is laterally implanted, the threaded distal region can be positioned in a sacrum, the threaded central region can be positioned across an SI-joint, and the proximal region can be positioned in an ilium.


This aspect may additionally comprise any other suitable threaded implant feature described herein.


One aspect of this disclosure is a threaded bone implant. The implant includes an elongate body extending from a distal end to a proximal end. The elongate body may include one or more helical threads, each of the one or more helical threads extending axially along at least a portion of the elongate body. The elongate body may include an inner shank or inner member from which the one or more helical threads radially extend. The elongate body may also include a porous network of interconnected struts disposed about the inner shank (or inner member) and about a longitudinal axis of the elongate bone implant body. A porous network of interconnected struts may be disposed between the one or more helical threads along at least a section of the elongate body, and optionally disposed in each of a distal region, a central region, and a proximal region of the implant. In some examples a porous network of interconnected struts has a continuous helical configuration through a distal region, a central region, and into a proximal region. Continuous in this context and as used herein includes discontinuities in the porous network due to one or more flutes and/or one or more fenestrations. A porous network of interconnected struts may have an outer dimension that is less than a major diameter of the one or more helical threads.


This aspect may include any other suitable threaded implant feature described herein.


One aspect of this disclosure is a method of manufacturing a threaded bone implant. The method may include printing a threaded bone implant from a distal end to a proximal end (although printing from a proximal end (head) to a distal end (tip) may be used in some alternative embodiments). Printing the implant may include printing an inner shank, printing one or more helical threads extending radially from the inner shank, each of the one or more helical threads extending along at least a portion of the threaded bone implant. The method may include printing a porous network of interconnected struts about the inner shank, about a long axis of the elongate bone implant body, and between at least a section of the one or more helical threads. The porous network of interconnected struts generally has an outer dimension less than a major diameter of the one or more helical threads.


This aspect may include any other suitable method step herein, and may be a computer executable method stored in a memory and adapted to be executed by a processor or processing component, concepts of which are known (e.g., one or more pieces of software, an algorithm, etc.)


One aspect of the disclosure is a method of 3D printing a threaded bone implant. The method may include printing a threaded bone implant from a distal end to a proximal end. Printing the implant may include printing a sacrificial distal tip, printing a threaded bone implant above the sacrificial distal tip, and subsequent in time to printing the threaded bone implant, removing the sacrificial tip and forming a distal end on the threaded bone implant.


This aspect may include any other suitable method described herein.


One aspect of this disclosure is a 3D printed threaded bone implant. The implant may include a 3D printed implant body having a distal end and a proximal end. The implant body may have one or more threads thereon extending radially outward from an inner shank. At least one thread may form an angle greater than 45 degrees relative to a long axis of the implant body.


This aspect may include any other suitable feature related to threaded bone implants herein.





BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS


FIG. 1 is a side view of an exemplary threaded implant.



FIG. 2 is a side view of an exemplary threaded implant.



FIG. 3 is a side view of an exemplary threaded implant.



FIG. 4 is a side view of an exemplary threaded implant.



FIG. 5 is a side view of an exemplary lag threaded implant and washer.



FIG. 6 is a side view of an exemplary lag threaded implant and washer.



FIG. 7 is a perspective view of an exemplary threaded implant.



FIG. 8 is a side view of an exemplary threaded implant including a fluted region, a fenestration, and a porous network of interconnected struts.



FIG. 9 is a side view of an exemplary threaded implant including a porous network of interconnected struts between threads.



FIG. 10 is a side view of an exemplary threaded implant including flutes, as well as a porous network of interconnected struts disposed between threads.



FIG. 11 illustrates an exemplary thread angle alpha referenced herein.



FIGS. 12A and 12B illustrates an exemplary orientation for manufacturing threaded implants herein.





DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The disclosure relates generally to threaded bone stabilizing implants, which may be used for fixation and/or fusion, for example. The bone stabilizing implants described herein are generally sized and configured to be delivered in a lateral delivery pathway and implanted such that a distal region of the implant is implanted in a sacrum, an intermediate region is implanted in or across a sacro-iliac (“SI”) joint, and a proximal region is implanted in an ilium. The bone implants herein include one or more threads along at least a portion of the implant, which allows the implants to be rotated into and anchored into bone during implantation. When an implant herein is referred to as a threaded implant, it refers to an implant having one or more threads, any one of which may extend along at least a portion of a length of the implant.


The threaded bone implants herein generally include different regions or portions along their lengths that are sized and/or configured to provide functionality based at least partially on the anatomical region in which they implanted. For example, implants herein may have distal regions that are sized (e.g., length and/or width) and configured (e.g., threaded) such that the distal region is adapted with functionality to anchor into relatively more dense cancellous sacral bone. The functionality may be compared relative to other regions of the implant that are not so sized and/or configured, or to other types of implants that are not so sized and/or configured in the manner(s) described herein.


The disclosure herein may be related to disclosure from U.S. Publication. Nos. 2018/0228621, 2013/0296953 and 20150105828, the entire disclosures of which are incorporated by reference herein for all purposes.



FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary bone stabilization implant 100 that includes an elongate body as shown, the elongate body extending from distal end 102 to proximal end 104. The elongate body includes distal anchor region 120, intermediate or central region 140, and proximal region 160. In this embodiment, distal region 120 includes a threaded region that is multi-lead, and in this particular example is dual-lead, with threads 122a and 122b shown in FIG. 1.


Distal region 120 also includes a porous network of interconnected struts 124 in between the threads, one region of which is labeled in FIG. 1. A porous network of interconnected struts may be referred to herein as a porous lattice. FIG. 1 illustrates an example of a porous network of interconnected struts that may be considered to have a general helical configuration that extends between helical threads of the threaded region, as shown. The helical configuration of the porous lattice may be interrupted by one or more fenestrations and/or flutes where no lattice is present (such as shown in FIG. 1), but the porous lattice may still be considered to have a general helical configuration in these examples.


Distal region 120 is multi-lead (dual-lead in this example), the configuration of which adapts distal region 120 to more securely anchor into dense cancellous sacral bone.


The porous lattices herein may comprise an outer porous network of interconnected struts, an example of which is shown in FIG. 1, and which are described in more detail below. Any of the individual struts herein may also be referred to as a beam. Generally, the porous regions in between the threads preferably have a smooth outer profile to facilitate rotational insertion and proper anchoring. Alternatively stated, it is generally desirable for the porous regions in between threads to avoid having a significantly rough outer surface with exposed strut ends, which may deleteriously damage the adjacent bone and result in less stable anchoring. The porous network may have an irregular configuration of struts, or it may have a regular pattern of struts, or a combination thereof. It is therefore understood that the term lattice as used herein does not require a regular or repeating pattern of struts. Additional exemplary features of porous networks of interconnected struts are described below.


The implant 100 also includes central or intermediate region 140, which is sized and configured (including relative to other implants regions) to be positioned across a SI joint when the implant 100 is delivered laterally across the SI joint. Central region 140 includes a fewer-lead threaded region than distal region 120 and proximal region 160, and in this embodiment is single-lead. In this embodiment thread 142 in central region 140 is considered to continue into distal region 120 as thread 122b, as shown, but in alternative embodiments the central region thread may be considered part of a different thread that does not continue or extend into distal region 120. Thread 122b is considered continuous with thread 142 from distal region 120 into central region 140, even though the thread is interrupted one or more times by fenestrations and fluted regions, which are described in more detail below.


Central region 140 includes a porous network of interconnected struts 144 (which may be referred to here as a lattice), only one region of which is labeled in FIG. 1. Lattice 144, like lattice 124, is disposed between threads in central region 140. The porous lattice 144 may be considered continuous with porous lattice 124 in that they together approximate a generally helical configuration extending from distal region 120 into central region 140, which again is interrupted by one or more fenestrations and fluted region as shown.


The exemplary single-lead design in central region 140 provides for relatively greater axial spacing between threads, compared to, for example, distal region 120. This relatively greater axially spacing creates a greater porous lattice 144 surface area, which is better adapted and configured to facilitate ingrowth and/or ongrowth when central region 140 is implanted across the SI joint. Distal region 120 and central region 140 are examples of regions in which the central region has a relatively greater spacing between threads, which provides for a greater porous surface area between threads.


The elongate body also includes proximal region 160, which includes a threaded region with a greater lead than central region 140. In this example, proximal region 160 includes a threaded region that is dual-lead, as shown. Thread 162a in proximal region 160 is continuous with thread 142 in central region 140, although in alternative embodiments they may not be continuous. It is again understood that the phrase continuous in this context includes one or more interruptions with fluted region and/or fenestrations, as shown in FIG. 1. The multi-lead threaded region in proximal region 160 facilitates strong anchoring in dense iliac bone when implant 100 is implanted laterally across a SI joint.


As mentioned above, implants herein may have a distal region, a central region and a proximal region that are each configured and sized to provide one or more functions based on the anatomical region in which they are positioned after the implant is fully implanted. In some embodiments, any of the distal regions herein (e.g., distal region 120 in FIG. 1) may have a length from 10 mm to 22 mm, for example. This may ensure that the multi-lead region is anchored into dense sacral bone near the mid sacrum. In some embodiments, any of the central regions herein (e.g., central region 140) may have a length from 8 mm to 56 mm. This may ensure that the central region is positioned across the SI joint, with the relatively larger porous surface area extending across the joint to facilitate one or more of ingrowth and/or ongrowth areas. In some embodiments, any of the proximal regions herein (e.g., proximal region 160 in FIG. 1) may have lengths from 6 mm to 10 mm, which can ensure that the multi-lead threaded proximal region is anchored into dense iliac bone. The proximal regions herein with respect to their lengths are not considered to include a proximal end of the elongate body that is free of threads, such as where reference number 104 is pointing in FIG. 1.


Implant body 100 also includes an inner shank or inner member from which the one or more threads and one or more porous lattice regions radially extend. The inner shank may be considered the same or similar to a shank of a screw or other threaded body. The inner shanks herein need not be considered to be continuous structures, and may include one or more breaks or discontinuities therein, such as one or more fenestrations extending therethrough. The inner shank or inner members herein in this context may be considered to include inner surfaces from which one or more threads and one more porous lattice structures extend radially therefrom.


The distal region 120 is tapered towards its distal end, as shown in FIG. 1, a feature of which may be incorporated into any of the implants herein. Distal end 102 in this example also includes sharpened distal end elements, which may be incorporated into any of the implants herein.



FIG. 2 illustrates an exemplary threaded bone implant 200. Implant 200 may have one or more features of implant 100 in FIG. 1, including features that may be similarly labeled (e.g., 120 and 220). One difference between implant 100 and implant 200 is that implant 200 includes a central region, a proximal portion 246 of which is void or free of a porous network of interconnected struts. Proximal portion 246, which may be considered a solid portion, is disposed at the SI joint when the implant is fully implanted. The proximal portion 246 of the central single threaded region 240 includes inner member or inner shank 248 and a thread radially extending therefrom. In some embodiments, implant 200 may be the same as implant 100 in all other ways. As shown in FIG. 2, shank 248 in proximal portion 246 has the same or substantially the same radial dimension (e.g., diameter) as the porous network of interconnected struts 244 in the distal portion of the central region 240. An exemplary advantage of the proximal portion 246 without the lattice, and the larger diameter shank in proximal portion 246, is that proximal region 246 may be stronger and more fatigue resistant in the region of the larger diameter shank. This may be important on some bone implants with certain dimensions where including a lattice structure along its entire length, including a region across the SI joint, may reduce fatigue strength to an extent that is undesired. For example, in some embodiments, implant 200 may have a major diameter from 9 mm to 11 mm (outer diameter of the thread), such as 10 mm.


As shown in FIG. 2, inner shank 248 has step-up in region 210 in central region 240, where the diameter of the shank increases at the step-up from the distal portion of central region 240 to proximal portion 246 of central region 240. The step-up in shank diameter increases the fatigue strength in the proximal portion 246, which is generally positioned across the joint.



FIGS. 3-6 illustrate exemplary lag threaded implants 300-600, respectively, in which the central regions and proximal regions are not threaded, as shown. The lag implants include a proximal washer, as shown, methods of use of which are generally known for lag implants. In some applications, the threaded lag implants herein may be used for fracture and repair, for example.



FIG. 3 illustrates an exemplary threaded lag implant 300 that includes a distal threaded region 320, a central non-threaded region 340 spaced to be disposed across a SI joint, and a proximal non-threaded region 360. Distal region 340 is multi-lead, and in this embodiment in dual-lead. Implant 300 includes a plurality of helical flutes or fluted region 370 (e.g., 370a, 370b and 370c, as shown). Implant 300 further includes a plurality of fenestrations 380, which may be similar or the same as any of the fenestrations herein. For example, and as shown, each of the helical flutes 370 is aligned with a plurality of fenestrations 380. Fenestrations in the distal region 320 may be larger than fenestrations in the central and/or proximal regions 340 and 360 respectively, such as for the reasons set forth herein.


As shown in FIG. 3, implant 300 includes porous lattice or network of interconnected struts 324, additional exemplary details of which are described herein. Porous lattice 324 may also be considered to have a helical configuration, disposed between both threads 322 and the flutes, as shown. In this example, the porous lattice extends in the distal region 320, the central region 340, and into the proximal region 360. Any of the description herein related to a porous network of interconnected struts may be incorporated into lattice 324. Washer 390 is also shown, and is configured to be disposed about the proximal end of implant 300 and allows for a range of motion between implant 300 and washer 390.



FIG. 4 illustrates implant 400 and illustrates features similar or the same as implant 200 in FIG. 2, in particular a proximal portion of central region 440 that is free of a porous lattice. The relevant description of FIG. 2 with respect to a section free of a porous lattice is incorporated by reference into the description of implant 400 in FIG. 4 for all purposes. An exemplary advantage of the proximal portion of the central region 440 without the lattice as shown, and the larger diameter shank in the proximal portion of central region 440, is that the proximal region may be stronger and more fatigue resistant in the region of the larger diameter shank, for the same reasons set forth herein with respect to FIG. 2.



FIG. 5 illustrates implant 400 from FIG. 4, and also illustrates an exemplary angle of rotation and washer 490, with implant 400′ shown to illustrate the exemplary angle of rotation.



FIG. 6 illustrates implant 600 that may be similar or the same as implant 300 shown in FIG. 3. FIG. 6 illustrates an exemplary angle of rotation and 690. Any suitable description herein related to implant 300 is incorporated by reference into the disclosure of FIG. 6.


Threaded bone implants herein may include one or more flutes, or fluted regions, examples of which are shown in FIGS. 1-6. FIG. 7 illustrates exemplary threaded bone implant 700, which may include any other suitable feature of any other threaded bone implant described herein. Implant 700 has an elongate body that includes a plurality of helical flutes or fluted regions 770a, 770b, 770c, extending along at least a portion of the length of the elongate body. Similarly, FIG. 2 shows implant 200 including a plurality of helical flutes 270a, 270b and 270c formed therein. Threaded bone implants herein may include three flutes (as shown in the examples of FIGS. 2 and 7), although implants herein may be modified to include more or fewer than three flutes.


Implant 700 also includes fenestrations 780, only two of which are labeled in FIG. 7. Implant 700 is another example of an implant body that includes flutes 770 that are each aligned with a separate plurality of fenestrations 780 formed through the elongate body. Each fluted region in this example includes a separate plurality or set of fenestrations aligned with the respective fluted region, as is shown in FIG. 7.



FIGS. 2 and 7 show exemplary implants that include a plurality of helical flutes, each of which extends from the distal region and into and through the central region, and which may optionally extend in the proximal regions. As shown in FIG. 2, the plurality of helical flutes may extend to a minimal extent into the proximal multi-lead region 260, but the flutes may optionally not extend all the way through proximal regions herein.


As is shown in FIGS. 2 and 7 (but shown in other embodiments herein), the flutes or fluted regions (as well as one or more of the fenestrations) of the implant create an interruption in the one or more threads that extend around the elongate body.


The threaded implants herein may include one or more fenestrations, or relatively larger apertures, extending therethrough. FIG. 2 illustrates a plurality of fenestrations 280 (only two of which are labeled). FIGS. 2 and 7 are examples of threaded implants in which at least one (optionally all) of the fenestrations is aligned, or overlaps with, a fluted region of the implant. FIGS. 2 and 7 each illustrate a plurality of fluted regions of the respective threaded implant, each of which is aligned or overlapped with a plurality of fenestrations. The fenestrations aligned with or overlapping each of the fluted regions are axially spaced apart along the fluted region, and together the fenestrations are disposed in a helical configuration, as shown more clearly in FIG. 7. In FIGS. 2 and 7, for example, there are three sets of helically-oriented fenestrations, each set including a plurality of fenestrations.


In any of the embodiments herein, any or all of the fenestrations in the implant may have a tapered configuration in the radial direction. FIG. 8 illustrates a single fenestration 880 in a threaded implant elongate body having a tapered configuration between a larger radially outer fenestration opening 881 and a smaller radially inner fenestration opening 882, wherein the difference in opening sizes defines the tapered configuration. This type of taper is referred to herein as a radially inward taper. Any or all of the fenestrations in the threaded implant may be tapered in this manner. Fenestration 880 is also an example of a fenestration aligned with a fluted region, as shown. FIG. 8 is also an example of a continuous thread, as shown, that is interrupted by a fluted region and fenestration 880.


Any of the implants herein may have a plurality of fenestrations, but not all of the implant fenestrations may have the same size or configuration as one or more other fenestrations in the implant. For example, in some embodiments, a distal region of the implant (e.g., distal region 220 in FIG. 2) may not need to have as much fatigue strength as a more proximally disposed region, such as central region 240, or a proximal portion 246 of the central region, which may be implanted across a SI joint. Any of the implants herein may thus have distal regions with one or more fenestrations therein that are larger than one or more fenestrations in at least a portion of the central region that is disposed across the SI joint. The threaded implant central regions may have smaller fenestration so that the implant has more structural material in the region that is disposed across the SI joint. The distal region, which may not need the same fatigue strength, can have more openings, such as in the form of larger fenestrations, without negatively impacting strength of the implant.


Additionally, any of the implants herein may include fenestrations in the distal region that have less pronounced tapers in which there is less of a difference in size or circumferential area between the radially inner opening and the radially outer opening (i.e., a steeper transition between the inner opening and the outer opening). Compared to one or more central region fenestrations, distal region fenestrations may have radially inner openings that are relatively larger than radially inner openings in the central region of the implant.


As described herein, any of the implants herein may include porous regions disposed radially outward from an inner member or shank, wherein the porous regions extend along at least a portion of the threaded implant, including in regions in between the one or more threads. For example, FIG. 1 shows implant 100 that includes porous network of interconnected struts (e.g., 124) in between threads and extending along substantially all of the elongate body. FIG. 2 shows an example of an implant 200 that includes porous regions (e.g., 224) in between threads and extending along at least a distal region of an implant, and in a proximal region of the implant.


Any of the porous network of interconnected struts herein (e.g., lattice 144 in FIG. 1, porous lattice 244 in FIG. 2) may be a porous network of interconnected struts disposed about the inner shank, an example of which is shown in FIG. 9. With threaded implants such as those described herein, it may be desirable to have the porous network of interconnected struts that are between the threads to rotationally approximate a smooth shank and thereby facilitate a smooth rotational entry into the bone. This can create a minimal amount of resistance and bony damage as the threaded implant is rotated through bone, helping securely anchor the threaded implant into bone. This may be contrasted with porous region that include struts with many free ends that extend radially outward and are not interconnected with other struts as a network. The porous regions herein may be configured as a porous network of interconnected struts that are disposed about an inner shank (e.g., 948), an exemplary highlighted region of which is shown in FIG. 9.



FIG. 9 illustrates a portion of an exemplary implant 900 including thread 922, in between which the implant includes a porous network of interconnected struts 944. Network of interconnected struts 944 includes a plurality of interconnected struts 950 (e.g., 950a, 950b, 950c), only some of which are labeled in FIG. 9 for clarity. The struts 950 are interconnected at connections or nodal locations 951, and only two of which are labeled for clarity—951a and 951b. The connections or nodal locations herein may be the connection of two, three, four, or more individual struts or beams of the porous network of interconnected struts. As set forth above, the porous network of interconnected struts preferably creates a smooth outer surface and may approximate a cylindrical shank (even though the network defines a plurality of pores between the struts), which facilitate a relatively smooth rotation of the implant through bone.


The porous network of interconnected struts has an outer dimension less than a major diameter (diameter of thread(s)) of the at least one helical thread, which is shown in at least FIGS. 8 and 9.


The porous networks of interconnected struts herein may be defined in a variety of ways. For example, the porous network of interconnected struts may be considered to be substantially concentric about a long axis of the elongate body in at least a portion of the porous network of interconnected struts, which is partially shown in the perspective view of FIG. 7. Additionally, the interconnected struts in the porous networks of interconnected struts herein may be considered to have the same radially outermost dimension and concentric about an elongate body long axis. The porous networks of interconnected struts herein may be considered to define a generally circular shape in an end view of the elongate body, which is partially shown in FIG. 7. Additionally, the interconnected struts in the porous networks of interconnected struts herein may be considered to approximate an outer cylindrical profile, even though there are pores defined by the struts, and even though threads may interrupt sections of the outer cylindrical profile. Additionally, the porous network of interconnected struts may be considered to define a generally cylindrical outer profile, even though there are pores defined by the struts, and even though threads may interrupt sections of the generally cylindrical profile. Additionally, the porous networks of interconnected struts may be considered to define a substantially smooth outer surface, even though there are pores defined by the struts. Additionally, any of the porous networks of interconnected struts herein may be considered to include radially outer struts, which are substantially free of strut free ends extending radially outward.


As shown in FIG. 9, the porous lattice may further include a plurality of generally radially extending struts 952 that extend radially outward from the inner shank or inner member 948 and connect to the porous network of interconnected struts. The plurality of radially extending struts 952 generally couple the inner shank 948 to the outer porous network of interconnected struts. Radially extending struts as described in this context (e.g., strut 952) are not necessarily orthogonal, as they may have some radial dimension in addition to some axial dimension.


In any of the embodiments herein, the porous network of interconnected struts includes struts or beams, any of which may have a diameter from 0.175 mm to 0.300 mm.


In any of the embodiments herein, the porous network of interconnected struts may include point spacings from 0.375 mm to 0.525 mm.


In some embodiments herein, such as is shown in FIG. 1, the porous networks of interconnected struts may have or define a general helical configuration extending along the elongate body between the at least one helical thread. Helically extending porous networks herein may have interruptions formed therein and are still considered to have helical configurations.


Any of the porous networks of interconnected struts herein may include one or more end regions including strut free ends (e.g., 883 in FIG. 8), wherein the strut free ends are coupled or extending from a fluted region of the elongate bone implant body, particularly in embodiments in which the threaded implanted is 3D printed. A strut free end in this context refers to a strut end that is not directly connected to another strut, and may be directly connected to another portion of the implant such as an inner shank, a thread or a flute, for example.


Any the threaded implants herein may be 3D printed, using one or more generally known methods or techniques. FIG. 11 illustrates a portion of an exemplary implant 1100, which may include any of the features of any of the threaded bone implants herein. Relative distal and proximal directions are labeled. Thread 1122 shown in FIG. 11 may be the same or substantially the same as any of the threads shown in the examples of FIGS. 1-10. When threaded bone implants herein, including the threads described herein, are 3D printed with the proximal or head side down, the threads are printed in the orientation shown in FIG. 11. When angle alpha as shown is large enough, the threads may tend to droop proximally (towards the head) during a 3D printing process. For example, in some embodiments, alpha may be greater than 45 degrees, such as from 45 degrees to 75 degrees, such as 45 degrees to 65 degrees. 3D printing some types of threaded bone implants in a head-to-tip direction may thus produce threads that do not have the desired configuration after the printing process.


One option to manufacture threaded bone implants with threads that are disposed at certain angles is to print the threaded implants from the tip end (distal end) up to the head end (proximal end), the orientation of which is generally shown in FIG. 12A. Printing in this orientation may, depending on the thread angles, produce threads at angles that are beneficially less likely to droop or sag during the printing process. To print some threaded bone implants, it may be important to have a sturdy base upon which to print the implant upward to maintain a vertical long axis throughout the printing process. FIG. 12A illustrates an exemplary distal portion of 3D printed threaded implant 1200, including a printed sacrificial tip 1290 with a flattened base 1291, which is removed (e.g., machining away) after the printing process to create the finished and optionally sharpened distal tip configuration shown in FIG. 12B. In this example, the sacrificial tip 1290 includes a flattened base 1291 that provides a sturdy base upon which the implant may be printed up towards the head or proximal region. Printing in this orientation with an optional sacrificial sturdy base may allow for 3D printing some threaded implants that would be challenging to print if attempts were made to print from the proximal head upward to a distal tip end.


One aspect of the disclosure is a method of a method of 3D printing a threaded bone implant (such as any of the threaded implants herein). The method may include printing a threaded bone implant from a distal end to a proximal end. The method may include printing an inner shank, printing at least one helical thread extending along at least a portion of the threaded bone implant and extending from the inner shank. The method may also include printing a porous network of interconnected struts about the inner shank, about a long axis of the elongate bone implant body, and between at least a section of the at least one helical thread, where the porous network of interconnected struts has an outer dimension less than a major diameter of the at least one helical thread. The method may include printing the porous network of interconnected struts to be substantially concentric about a long axis of the elongate body in at least a portion of the porous network of interconnected struts. The method may include printing the porous network of interconnected struts to have a general helical configuration extending along the elongate body between the at least one helical thread and about the inner shank. The method may include printing the porous network of interconnected struts to have the same radially outermost dimension and concentric about an elongate body long axis. The method may include printing strut ends that are disposed within and coupled to fluted regions of the implant. The method may include printing the porous network of interconnected struts to define a substantially smooth radially outer surface that approximate a cylindrical profile.


One aspect of the disclosure is a method of printing a threaded bone implant. The method may include 3D printing a sacrificial distal tip and printing a threaded bone implant above the sacrificial tip. The method may include removing the sacrificial tip (e.g., machining it away) and forming a distal end, optionally sharpened, on the distal end of the bone implant after removing the sacrificial tip.


It is understood that features of one or more embodiments herein may be integrated with one or more other embodiments herein unless the disclosure indicates to the contrary.

Claims
  • 1. A threaded bone implant, comprising: an elongate body extending from a distal end of the bone implant to a proximal end of the bone implant, the elongate body including one or more helical threads, each of the one or more helical threads extending along at least a portion of the elongate body,an inner shank from which the one or more helical threads radially extend,a porous network of interconnected struts disposed radially about the inner shank and about a longitudinal axis of the elongate body, the porous network of interconnected struts extending along a distal region of the elongate body, along a central region of the elongate body, and along a proximal region of the elongate body, the distal region being in a distal half of the elongate body, the proximal region being in a proximal half of the elongate body, and wherein the distal region is adjacent the central region and the proximal region is adjacent the central region,a plurality of radially extending struts that extend outward from the inner shank to the porous network of interconnected struts,the porous network of interconnected struts disposed in a helical configuration between the one or more helical threads along at least a section of the elongate body,the porous network of interconnected struts having an outer dimension that is less than a major diameter of the one or more helical threads, andwherein the porous network of interconnected struts defines a substantially smooth outer surface.
  • 2. The implant of claim 1, wherein the substantially smooth outer surface is substantially free of strut free ends.
  • 3. The implant of claim 1, wherein the porous network of interconnected struts has a helical configuration extending along the elongate body between the one or more helical threads.
  • 4. The implant of claim 1, wherein the porous network of interconnected struts has an outer profile that is substantially concentric about the long axis in at least a portion of the porous network of interconnected struts.
  • 5. The implant of claim 1, wherein the porous network of interconnected struts has an outer profile that has a generally circular shape in an end view of the elongate body.
  • 6. The implant of claim 1, wherein the porous network of interconnected struts defines a generally cylindrical outer profile along at least a portion of the elongate body.
  • 7. The implant of claim 1, wherein the porous network of interconnected struts includes one or more end regions including strut free ends, the strut free ends disposed in a fluted region of the elongate body, the fluted region interrupting the at least one helical thread.
  • 8. The implant of claim 1, wherein the one or more helical threads comprise a threaded multi-lead distal region, a threaded single-lead central region disposed proximally of the multi-lead distal region, and a threaded multi-lead proximal region disposed proximally of the single-lead central region.
  • 9. The implant of claim 8, wherein one or both of the multi-lead distal region or the multi-lead proximal region is a dual-lead region.
  • 10. The implant of claim 8, wherein the one or more helical threads comprises a first continuous helical thread that extends from the threaded multi-lead distal region, through the threaded single-lead central region, and into the threaded multi-lead proximal region.
  • 11. The implant of claim 10, wherein the first continuous helical thread is interrupted by a plurality of fenestrations extending through the elongate body.
  • 12. The implant of claim 1, wherein the elongate body further comprises a plurality of helical flutes formed therein, the plurality of helical flutes interrupting the one or more helical threads.
  • 13. The implant of claim 12, wherein each of the plurality of flutes has a plurality of fenestrations aligned with the respective flute, the plurality of fenestrations associated with one of the plurality of flutes spaced from each other along a length of the associated flute and extending into an elongate body central lumen.
  • 14. The implant of claim 13, wherein each of the plurality of fenestrations has a radially inward taper.
  • 15. The implant of claim 1, wherein the porous network of interconnected struts extends in a continuous helical configuration along the distal region, the central region, and the proximal region.
  • 16. The implant of claim 1, wherein, in a side view, the porous network of interconnected struts is disposed between threads in the distal region, the central region, and the proximal region.
  • 17. The implant of claim 16, wherein the porous network of interconnected struts has a greater surface area between threads in the central region than between threads in the distal region.
  • 18. A threaded bone implant, comprising: an elongate body extending from a distal end to a proximal end, the elongate body including one or more helical threads, each of the one or more helical threads extending along at least a portion of the elongate body,an inner shank from which the one or more helical threads radially extend,a first porous network of interconnected struts disposed radially about a proximal strut portion of the inner shank,a second porous network of interconnected struts disposed radially about a distal strut portion of the inner shank and between the one or more helical threads that extend from the distal strut portion of the inner shank, the second porous network of interconnected struts having an outer dimension that is less than a major diameter of the one or more helical threads that extend from the distal strut portion of the inner shank,an inner shank strut-free region that is axially in between the proximal strut portion and the distal strut portion, the inner shank strut-free region free of interconnected struts radially about the inner shank,the inner shank having a step-up at a transition from the distal strut portion of the inner shank to the inner shank strut-free region such that the second porous network of interconnected struts has the same or substantially the same radial dimension as the inner shank in the inner shank strut-free region,wherein the first and second porous network of interconnected struts each define a substantially smooth outer surface.
  • 19. The implant of claim 18, further comprising a plurality of generally radially extending struts that extend outward from the inner shank in the distal strut portion of the inner shank and connect to the second porous network of interconnected struts.
  • 20. The implant of claim 18, further comprising at least one thread extending radially from the inner shank strut-free region.
  • 21. The implant of claim 18, wherein the inner shank strut-free region is free of threads.
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims the benefit of priority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/941,507, filed Nov. 27, 2019, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety for all purposes.

US Referenced Citations (796)
Number Name Date Kind
1951278 Ericsson Mar 1934 A
2136471 Schneider Nov 1938 A
2243717 Moreira May 1941 A
2414882 Longfellow Jul 1947 A
2562419 Ferris Jul 1951 A
2675801 Bambara et al. Apr 1954 A
2697433 Zehnder Dec 1954 A
3076453 Tronzo Feb 1963 A
3506982 Steffee Apr 1970 A
3694821 Moritz Oct 1972 A
3709218 Halloran Jan 1973 A
3744488 Cox Jul 1973 A
4059115 Jumashev et al. Nov 1977 A
4156943 Collier Jun 1979 A
4197645 Scheicher Apr 1980 A
4292964 Ulrich Oct 1981 A
4341206 Perrett et al. Jul 1982 A
4344190 Lee et al. Aug 1982 A
4399813 Barber Aug 1983 A
4423721 Otte et al. Jan 1984 A
4475545 Ender Oct 1984 A
4501269 Bagby Feb 1985 A
4569338 Edwards Feb 1986 A
4612918 Slocum Sep 1986 A
4622959 Marcus Nov 1986 A
4630601 Harder et al. Dec 1986 A
4638799 Moore Jan 1987 A
4657550 Daher Apr 1987 A
4743256 Brantigan May 1988 A
4773402 Asher et al. Sep 1988 A
4787378 Sodhi Nov 1988 A
4790303 Steffee Dec 1988 A
4834757 Brantigan May 1989 A
4846162 Moehring Jul 1989 A
4877019 Vives Oct 1989 A
4878915 Brantigan Nov 1989 A
4898186 Ikada et al. Feb 1990 A
4904261 Dove et al. Feb 1990 A
4950270 Bowman et al. Aug 1990 A
4961740 Ray et al. Oct 1990 A
4969888 Scholten et al. Nov 1990 A
4981481 Kranz et al. Jan 1991 A
5034011 Howland Jul 1991 A
5034013 Kyle et al. Jul 1991 A
5035697 Frigg Jul 1991 A
5041118 Wasilewskl Aug 1991 A
5053035 McLaren Oct 1991 A
5059193 Kuslich Oct 1991 A
5066296 Chapman et al. Nov 1991 A
5098434 Serbousek Mar 1992 A
5102414 Kirsch Apr 1992 A
5108397 White Apr 1992 A
5122141 Simpson et al. Jun 1992 A
5139498 Astudillo Ley Aug 1992 A
5139500 Schwartz Aug 1992 A
5147367 Ellis Sep 1992 A
5147402 Bohler et al. Sep 1992 A
5190551 Chin et al. Mar 1993 A
5197961 Castle Mar 1993 A
5242444 MacMillan Sep 1993 A
5298254 Prewett et al. Mar 1994 A
5334205 Cain Aug 1994 A
5380325 Lahille et al. Jan 1995 A
5390683 Pisharodi Feb 1995 A
5433718 Brinker Jul 1995 A
5443466 Shah Aug 1995 A
5458638 Kuslich et al. Oct 1995 A
5470334 Ross et al. Nov 1995 A
5480402 Kim Jan 1996 A
5569249 James et al. Oct 1996 A
5591235 Kuslich Jan 1997 A
5593409 Michelson Jan 1997 A
5607424 Tropiano Mar 1997 A
5609635 Michelson Mar 1997 A
5609636 Kohrs et al. Mar 1997 A
5626616 Speece May 1997 A
5643264 Sherman et al. Jul 1997 A
5645599 Samani Jul 1997 A
5658337 Kohrs et al. Aug 1997 A
5667510 Combs Sep 1997 A
5669909 Zdeblick et al. Sep 1997 A
5672178 Petersen Sep 1997 A
5683391 Boyd Nov 1997 A
5709683 Bagby Jan 1998 A
5713904 Errico et al. Feb 1998 A
5716358 Ochoa et al. Feb 1998 A
5725581 Brånemark Mar 1998 A
5743912 LaHille et al. Apr 1998 A
5759035 Ricci Jun 1998 A
5766174 Perry Jun 1998 A
5766252 Henry et al. Jun 1998 A
5766261 Neal et al. Jun 1998 A
5788699 Bobst et al. Aug 1998 A
5800440 Stead Sep 1998 A
5868749 Reed Feb 1999 A
5897556 Drewry et al. Apr 1999 A
5928239 Mirza Jul 1999 A
5941885 Jackson Aug 1999 A
5961522 Mehdizadeh Oct 1999 A
5961554 Janson et al. Oct 1999 A
6010507 Rudloff Jan 2000 A
6015409 Jackson Jan 2000 A
6030162 Huebner et al. Feb 2000 A
6053916 Moore Apr 2000 A
6056749 Kuslich May 2000 A
6066175 Henderson et al. May 2000 A
6086589 Kuslich et al. Jul 2000 A
6096080 Nicholson et al. Aug 2000 A
6120292 Buser et al. Sep 2000 A
6120504 Brumback et al. Sep 2000 A
6143031 Knothe et al. Nov 2000 A
6197062 Fenlin Mar 2001 B1
6206924 Timm Mar 2001 B1
6210442 Wing et al. Apr 2001 B1
6214049 Gayer et al. Apr 2001 B1
6221074 Cole et al. Apr 2001 B1
6224607 Michelson May 2001 B1
6241732 Overaker et al. Jun 2001 B1
6264657 Urbahns et al. Jul 2001 B1
6270528 McKay Aug 2001 B1
6287343 Kuslich et al. Sep 2001 B1
6302885 Essiger Oct 2001 B1
6302914 Michelson Oct 2001 B1
6306140 Siddiqui Oct 2001 B1
6319253 Ackeret et al. Nov 2001 B1
6406498 Tormala et al. Jun 2002 B1
6409768 Tepic et al. Jun 2002 B1
6451020 Zucherman et al. Sep 2002 B1
6471707 Miller et al. Oct 2002 B1
6485518 Cornwall et al. Nov 2002 B1
6497707 Bowman et al. Dec 2002 B1
6517541 Sesic Feb 2003 B1
6520969 Lambrecht et al. Feb 2003 B2
6524314 Dean et al. Feb 2003 B1
6527775 Warburton Mar 2003 B1
6556857 Estes et al. Apr 2003 B1
6558386 Cragg May 2003 B1
6565566 Wagner et al. May 2003 B1
6575899 Foley et al. Jun 2003 B1
6575991 Chesbrough et al. Jun 2003 B1
6579293 Chandran Jun 2003 B1
6582431 Ray Jun 2003 B1
6582467 Teitelbaum et al. Jun 2003 B1
6595998 Johnson et al. Jul 2003 B2
6602293 Biermann et al. Aug 2003 B1
6605090 Ttieu et al. Aug 2003 B1
6607530 Carl et al. Aug 2003 B1
6620163 Michelson Sep 2003 B1
6635059 Randall et al. Oct 2003 B2
6666868 Failin Dec 2003 B2
6669529 Scaries Dec 2003 B1
6673075 Santilli Jan 2004 B2
6692501 Michelson Feb 2004 B2
6712852 Chung et al. Mar 2004 B1
6723099 Goshert Apr 2004 B1
6723100 Biedermann et al. Apr 2004 B2
6740118 Eisermiann et al. May 2004 B2
6743257 Castro Jun 2004 B2
D493533 Blain Jul 2004 S
6793656 Mathews Sep 2004 B1
6827740 Michelson Dec 2004 B1
6984235 Huebner Jan 2006 B2
6989033 Schmidt Jan 2006 B1
6991461 Gittleman Jan 2006 B2
6993406 Cesarano et al. Jan 2006 B1
7018416 Hanson et al. Mar 2006 B2
7118579 Michelson Oct 2006 B2
7147666 Grisoni Dec 2006 B1
7175663 Stone Feb 2007 B1
7211085 Michelson May 2007 B2
7223269 Chappuis May 2007 B2
7314488 Reiley Jan 2008 B2
7335205 Aeschlimann et al. Feb 2008 B2
7338500 Chappuis Mar 2008 B2
7396365 Michelson Jul 2008 B2
7452359 Michelson Nov 2008 B1
7452369 Barry Nov 2008 B2
7481831 Bonutti Jan 2009 B2
7527649 Blain May 2009 B1
7534254 Michelson May 2009 B1
7537616 Branch et al. May 2009 B1
7569054 Michelson Aug 2009 B2
7569059 Cerundolo Aug 2009 B2
7601155 Petersen Oct 2009 B2
7608097 Kyle Oct 2009 B2
7648509 Stark Jan 2010 B2
7686805 Michelson Mar 2010 B2
7699852 Frankel et al. Apr 2010 B2
7708761 Petersen May 2010 B2
7727235 Contiliano et al. Jun 2010 B2
7758646 Khandkar et al. Jul 2010 B2
7780704 Markworth et al. Aug 2010 B2
7846162 Nelson et al. Dec 2010 B2
7850732 Heinz Dec 2010 B2
7857832 Culbert et al. Dec 2010 B2
7887565 Michelson Feb 2011 B2
7892265 Perez-Cruet et al. Feb 2011 B2
7901439 Horton Mar 2011 B2
7909832 Michelson Mar 2011 B2
7922765 Reiley Apr 2011 B2
7942879 Christie et al. May 2011 B2
8052728 Hestad Nov 2011 B2
8062365 Schwab Nov 2011 B2
8066705 Michelson Nov 2011 B2
8066709 Michelson Nov 2011 B2
8092505 Sommers Jan 2012 B2
8142481 Warnick Mar 2012 B2
8202305 Reiley Jun 2012 B2
8221499 Lazzara et al. Jul 2012 B2
8268099 O'Neill et al. Sep 2012 B2
8308779 Reiley Nov 2012 B2
8308783 Morris et al. Nov 2012 B2
8317862 Troger et al. Nov 2012 B2
8348950 Assell et al. Jan 2013 B2
8350186 Jones et al. Jan 2013 B2
8388667 Reiley et al. Mar 2013 B2
8394129 Morgenstern Lopez Mar 2013 B2
8398635 Vaidya Mar 2013 B2
8414648 Reiley Apr 2013 B2
8425570 Reiley Apr 2013 B2
8430930 Hunt Apr 2013 B2
8444693 Reiley May 2013 B2
8449585 Wallenstein et al. May 2013 B2
8467851 Mire et al. Jun 2013 B2
8470004 Reiley Jun 2013 B2
8475505 Nebosky et al. Jul 2013 B2
8529608 Terrill et al. Sep 2013 B2
8608802 Bagga et al. Dec 2013 B2
D697209 Walthall et al. Jan 2014 S
8641737 Matthis et al. Feb 2014 B2
8663332 To et al. Mar 2014 B1
8672986 Klaue et al. Mar 2014 B2
8734462 Reiley et al. May 2014 B2
8778026 Mauldin Jul 2014 B2
8840623 Reiley Sep 2014 B2
8840651 Reiley Sep 2014 B2
8845693 Smith et al. Sep 2014 B2
8858601 Reiley Oct 2014 B2
8920477 Reiley Dec 2014 B2
8945190 Culbert et al. Feb 2015 B2
8945193 Kirschman Feb 2015 B2
8951254 Mayer et al. Feb 2015 B2
8951293 Glazer et al. Feb 2015 B2
8951295 Matityahu et al. Feb 2015 B2
8961571 Lee et al. Feb 2015 B2
8979911 Martineau et al. Mar 2015 B2
8986348 Reiley Mar 2015 B2
RE45484 Foley et al. Apr 2015 E
9039743 Reiley May 2015 B2
9044321 Mauldin et al. Jun 2015 B2
9060876 To et al. Jun 2015 B1
9089371 Faulhaber Jul 2015 B1
D738498 Frey et al. Sep 2015 S
9131955 Swofford Sep 2015 B2
9149286 Greenhalgh et al. Oct 2015 B1
9198676 Pilgeram et al. Dec 2015 B2
9220535 Röbling et al. Dec 2015 B2
9314348 Emstad Apr 2016 B2
9358057 Whipple et al. Jun 2016 B1
9375243 Vestgaarden Jun 2016 B1
9375323 Reiley Jun 2016 B2
9445852 Sweeney Sep 2016 B2
9451999 Simpson et al. Sep 2016 B2
9452065 Lawson Sep 2016 B1
9486264 Reiley et al. Nov 2016 B2
9492201 Reiley Nov 2016 B2
9498264 Harshman et al. Nov 2016 B2
9510872 Donner et al. Dec 2016 B2
9517095 Vaidya Dec 2016 B2
9526548 Asfora Dec 2016 B2
9554909 Donner Jan 2017 B2
9561063 Reiley Feb 2017 B2
9566100 Asfora Feb 2017 B2
9603613 Schoenefeld et al. Mar 2017 B2
9603644 Sweeney Mar 2017 B2
9615856 Arnett et al. Apr 2017 B2
9622783 Reiley et al. Apr 2017 B2
9655656 Whipple May 2017 B2
9662124 Assell et al. May 2017 B2
9662128 Reiley May 2017 B2
9662157 Schneider et al. May 2017 B2
9662158 Reiley May 2017 B2
9675394 Reiley Jun 2017 B2
9743969 Reiley Aug 2017 B2
9757154 Donner et al. Sep 2017 B2
9763695 Mirda Sep 2017 B2
9820789 Reiley Nov 2017 B2
9839448 Reckling et al. Dec 2017 B2
9848892 Biedermann et al. Dec 2017 B2
9936983 Mesiwala et al. Apr 2018 B2
9949776 Mobasser et al. Apr 2018 B2
9949843 Reiley et al. Apr 2018 B2
9956013 Reiley et al. May 2018 B2
9993276 Russell Jun 2018 B2
10004547 Reiley Jun 2018 B2
10058430 Donner et al. Aug 2018 B2
10166033 Reiley et al. Jan 2019 B2
10188442 Mazel Jan 2019 B2
10194962 Schneider et al. Feb 2019 B2
10201427 Mauldin et al. Feb 2019 B2
10219885 Mamo et al. Mar 2019 B2
10258380 Sinha Apr 2019 B2
10271882 Biedermann et al. Apr 2019 B2
10335217 Lindner Jul 2019 B2
10363140 Mauldin et al. Jul 2019 B2
10426533 Mauldin et al. Oct 2019 B2
10492921 McShane, III et al. Dec 2019 B2
10531904 Kolb Jan 2020 B2
10653454 Frey et al. May 2020 B2
10667923 Sullivan et al. Jun 2020 B2
10729475 Childs Aug 2020 B2
10743995 Fallin et al. Aug 2020 B2
D895111 Frey et al. Sep 2020 S
10758283 Frey et al. Sep 2020 B2
10758285 Geist et al. Sep 2020 B2
10799367 Vrionis et al. Oct 2020 B2
10806597 Sournac et al. Oct 2020 B2
10842634 Pasini et al. Nov 2020 B2
10856922 Loke et al. Dec 2020 B2
10932838 Mehl et al. Mar 2021 B2
10940008 Patel Mar 2021 B2
10993754 Kuntz et al. May 2021 B2
11446069 Mauldin et al. Sep 2022 B2
11478287 Mauldin et al. Oct 2022 B2
20010012942 Estes et al. Aug 2001 A1
20010046518 Sawhney Nov 2001 A1
20010047207 Michelson Nov 2001 A1
20010049529 Cachia et al. Dec 2001 A1
20020019637 Frey et al. Feb 2002 A1
20020029043 Ahrens et al. Mar 2002 A1
20020038123 Visotsky et al. Mar 2002 A1
20020049497 Mason Apr 2002 A1
20020077641 Michelson Jun 2002 A1
20020082598 Teitelbaum Jun 2002 A1
20020120275 Schmieding et al. Aug 2002 A1
20020120335 Angelucci et al. Aug 2002 A1
20020128652 Ferree Sep 2002 A1
20020143334 von Hoffmann et al. Oct 2002 A1
20020143335 von Hoffmann et al. Oct 2002 A1
20020151903 Takei et al. Oct 2002 A1
20020169507 Malone Nov 2002 A1
20020183858 Contiliano et al. Dec 2002 A1
20020198527 Mückter Dec 2002 A1
20030018336 Vandewalle Jan 2003 A1
20030032961 Pelo et al. Feb 2003 A1
20030050642 Schmieding et al. Mar 2003 A1
20030065332 TenHuisen et al. Apr 2003 A1
20030074000 Roth et al. Apr 2003 A1
20030078660 Clifford et al. Apr 2003 A1
20030083668 Rogers et al. May 2003 A1
20030083688 Simonson May 2003 A1
20030088251 Braun et al. May 2003 A1
20030097131 Schon et al. May 2003 A1
20030139815 Grooms et al. Jul 2003 A1
20030181979 Ferree Sep 2003 A1
20030181982 Kuslich Sep 2003 A1
20030199983 Michelson Oct 2003 A1
20030229358 Errico et al. Dec 2003 A1
20030233146 Grinberg et al. Dec 2003 A1
20030233147 Nicholson et al. Dec 2003 A1
20040010315 Song Jan 2004 A1
20040024458 Senegas et al. Feb 2004 A1
20040034422 Errico et al. Feb 2004 A1
20040073216 Lieberman Apr 2004 A1
20040073314 White et al. Apr 2004 A1
20040082955 Zirkle Apr 2004 A1
20040087948 Suddaby May 2004 A1
20040097927 Yeung et al. May 2004 A1
20040106925 Culbert Jun 2004 A1
20040117022 Mamay et al. Jun 2004 A1
20040127990 Bartish, Jr. et al. Jul 2004 A1
20040138750 Mitchell Jul 2004 A1
20040138753 Ferree Jul 2004 A1
20040147929 Biedermann et al. Jul 2004 A1
20040158324 Lange Aug 2004 A1
20040176287 Harrison et al. Sep 2004 A1
20040176853 Sennett et al. Sep 2004 A1
20040181282 Zucherman et al. Sep 2004 A1
20040186572 Lange et al. Sep 2004 A1
20040210221 Kozak et al. Oct 2004 A1
20040225360 Malone Nov 2004 A1
20040230305 Gorensek et al. Nov 2004 A1
20040260286 Ferree Dec 2004 A1
20040267369 Lyons et al. Dec 2004 A1
20050015059 Sweeney Jan 2005 A1
20050015146 Louis et al. Jan 2005 A1
20050033435 Belliard et al. Feb 2005 A1
20050049590 Alleyne et al. Mar 2005 A1
20050055023 Sohngen et al. Mar 2005 A1
20050075641 Singhatat et al. Apr 2005 A1
20050080415 Keyer et al. Apr 2005 A1
20050107878 Conchy May 2005 A1
20050112397 Rolfe et al. May 2005 A1
20050113919 Cragg et al. May 2005 A1
20050124993 Chappuis Jun 2005 A1
20050131409 Chervitz et al. Jun 2005 A1
20050137605 Assell et al. Jun 2005 A1
20050143837 Ferree Jun 2005 A1
20050149192 Zucherman et al. Jul 2005 A1
20050159749 Levy et al. Jul 2005 A1
20050159812 Dinger et al. Jul 2005 A1
20050165398 Reiley Jul 2005 A1
20050192572 Abdelgany et al. Sep 2005 A1
20050216082 Wilson et al. Sep 2005 A1
20050228384 Zucherman et al. Oct 2005 A1
20050246021 Ringeisen et al. Nov 2005 A1
20050251146 Martz et al. Nov 2005 A1
20050273101 Schumacher Dec 2005 A1
20050277940 Neff Dec 2005 A1
20060036247 Michelson Feb 2006 A1
20060036251 Reiiey Feb 2006 A1
20060036252 Baynham et al. Feb 2006 A1
20060054171 Dall Mar 2006 A1
20060058793 Michelson Mar 2006 A1
20060058800 Ainsworth et al. Mar 2006 A1
20060062825 Maccecchini Mar 2006 A1
20060084986 Grinberg et al. Apr 2006 A1
20060089656 Allard et al. Apr 2006 A1
20060111779 Petersen May 2006 A1
20060129247 Brown et al. Jun 2006 A1
20060142772 Ralph et al. Jun 2006 A1
20060161163 Shino Jul 2006 A1
20060178673 Curran Aug 2006 A1
20060195094 McGraw et al. Aug 2006 A1
20060217717 Whipple Sep 2006 A1
20060241776 Brown et al. Oct 2006 A1
20060271054 Sucec et al. Nov 2006 A1
20060293662 Boyer, II et al. Dec 2006 A1
20070027544 McCord et al. Feb 2007 A1
20070038219 Matthis et al. Feb 2007 A1
20070049933 Ahn et al. Mar 2007 A1
20070066977 Assell et al. Mar 2007 A1
20070083265 Malone Apr 2007 A1
20070088362 Bonutti et al. Apr 2007 A1
20070093841 Hoogland Apr 2007 A1
20070093898 Schwab et al. Apr 2007 A1
20070106383 Abdou May 2007 A1
20070149976 Hale et al. Jun 2007 A1
20070156144 Ulrich et al. Jul 2007 A1
20070156241 Reiley et al. Jul 2007 A1
20070156246 Meswania et al. Jul 2007 A1
20070161989 Heinz et al. Jul 2007 A1
20070173820 Ttieu Jul 2007 A1
20070219634 Greenhalgh et al. Sep 2007 A1
20070233080 Na et al. Oct 2007 A1
20070233146 Henniges et al. Oct 2007 A1
20070233247 Schwab Oct 2007 A1
20070250166 McKay Oct 2007 A1
20070270879 Isaza et al. Nov 2007 A1
20070282443 Globerman et al. Dec 2007 A1
20080021454 Chao et al. Jan 2008 A1
20080021455 Chao et al. Jan 2008 A1
20080021456 Gupta et al. Jan 2008 A1
20080021461 Barker et al. Jan 2008 A1
20080021480 Chin et al. Jan 2008 A1
20080065093 Assell et al. Mar 2008 A1
20080065215 Reiley Mar 2008 A1
20080071356 Greenhalgh et al. Mar 2008 A1
20080109083 Van Hoeck et al. May 2008 A1
20080125868 Branemark et al. May 2008 A1
20080132901 Recoules-Arche et al. Jun 2008 A1
20080140082 Erdem et al. Jun 2008 A1
20080147079 Chin et al. Jun 2008 A1
20080154374 Labrom Jun 2008 A1
20080161810 Melkent Jul 2008 A1
20080183204 Greenhalgh et al. Jul 2008 A1
20080234758 Fisher et al. Sep 2008 A1
20080255562 Gil et al. Oct 2008 A1
20080255618 Fisher et al. Oct 2008 A1
20080255622 Mickiewicz et al. Oct 2008 A1
20080255664 Hogendljk et al. Oct 2008 A1
20080255666 Fisher et al. Oct 2008 A1
20080255667 Horton Oct 2008 A1
20080275454 Geibel Nov 2008 A1
20080294202 Peterson et al. Nov 2008 A1
20080306554 McKinley Dec 2008 A1
20090012529 Blain et al. Jan 2009 A1
20090018660 Roush Jan 2009 A1
20090024174 Stark Jan 2009 A1
20090036927 Vestgaarden Feb 2009 A1
20090037148 Lin et al. Feb 2009 A1
20090043393 Duggal et al. Feb 2009 A1
20090082810 Bhatnagar et al. Mar 2009 A1
20090082869 Slemker et al. Mar 2009 A1
20090099602 Aflatoon Apr 2009 A1
20090099610 Johnson et al. Apr 2009 A1
20090105770 Berrevooels et al. Apr 2009 A1
20090118771 Gonzalez-Hernandez May 2009 A1
20090131986 Lee et al. May 2009 A1
20090138053 Assell et al. May 2009 A1
20090157119 Hale Jun 2009 A1
20090163920 Hochschuler et al. Jun 2009 A1
20090187247 Metcalf, Jr. et al. Jul 2009 A1
20090216238 Stark Aug 2009 A1
20090270929 Suddaby Oct 2009 A1
20090287254 Nayet et al. Nov 2009 A1
20090312798 Varela Dec 2009 A1
20090319043 McDevitt et al. Dec 2009 A1
20090324678 Thorne et al. Dec 2009 A1
20100003638 Collins et al. Jan 2010 A1
20100022535 Lee et al. Jan 2010 A1
20100076502 Guyer et al. Mar 2010 A1
20100081107 Bagambisa et al. Apr 2010 A1
20100094290 Vaidya Apr 2010 A1
20100094295 Schnieders et al. Apr 2010 A1
20100094420 Grohowski Apr 2010 A1
20100106194 Bonutti et al. Apr 2010 A1
20100106195 Serhan et al. Apr 2010 A1
20100114174 Jones et al. May 2010 A1
20100114317 Lambrecht et al. May 2010 A1
20100131011 Stark May 2010 A1
20100137990 Apatsidis et al. Jun 2010 A1
20100145461 Landry et al. Jun 2010 A1
20100160977 Gephart et al. Jun 2010 A1
20100168798 Clineff et al. Jul 2010 A1
20100191292 DeMeo et al. Jul 2010 A1
20100262242 Chavatte et al. Oct 2010 A1
20100268228 Petersen Oct 2010 A1
20100280619 Yuan et al. Nov 2010 A1
20100280622 McKinley Nov 2010 A1
20100286778 Eisermann et al. Nov 2010 A1
20100331851 Huene Dec 2010 A1
20100331893 Geist et al. Dec 2010 A1
20110009869 Marino et al. Jan 2011 A1
20110022089 Assell et al. Jan 2011 A1
20110029019 Ainsworth et al. Feb 2011 A1
20110040362 Godara et al. Feb 2011 A1
20110046737 Teisen Feb 2011 A1
20110060373 Russell et al. Mar 2011 A1
20110060375 Bonutti Mar 2011 A1
20110066190 Schaller et al. Mar 2011 A1
20110082551 Kraus Apr 2011 A1
20110093020 Wu Apr 2011 A1
20110098747 Donner et al. Apr 2011 A1
20110098816 Jacob et al. Apr 2011 A1
20110098817 Eckhardt et al. Apr 2011 A1
20110106175 Rezach May 2011 A1
20110153018 Walters et al. Jun 2011 A1
20110160866 Laurence et al. Jun 2011 A1
20110178561 Roh Jul 2011 A1
20110184417 Kitch et al. Jul 2011 A1
20110184518 Trieu Jul 2011 A1
20110184519 Trieu Jul 2011 A1
20110184520 Trieu Jul 2011 A1
20110196372 Murase Aug 2011 A1
20110230966 Trieu Sep 2011 A1
20110238074 Ek Sep 2011 A1
20110238124 Richelsoph Sep 2011 A1
20110238181 Trieu Sep 2011 A1
20110245930 Alley et al. Oct 2011 A1
20110257755 Beiiemere et al. Oct 2011 A1
20110264229 Donner Oct 2011 A1
20110276098 Biedermann et al. Nov 2011 A1
20110295272 Assell et al. Dec 2011 A1
20110295370 Suh et al. Dec 2011 A1
20110313471 McLean et al. Dec 2011 A1
20110313532 Hunt Dec 2011 A1
20110319995 Voellmicke et al. Dec 2011 A1
20120004730 Castro Jan 2012 A1
20120083887 Purcell et al. Apr 2012 A1
20120095560 Donner Apr 2012 A1
20120179256 Reiley Jul 2012 A1
20120191191 Trieu Jul 2012 A1
20120226318 Wenger et al. Sep 2012 A1
20120253398 Metcalf et al. Oct 2012 A1
20120259372 Glazer et al. Oct 2012 A1
20120271424 Crawford Oct 2012 A1
20120277866 Kalluri et al. Nov 2012 A1
20120296428 Donner Nov 2012 A1
20120323285 Assell et al. Dec 2012 A1
20130018427 Pham et al. Jan 2013 A1
20130030456 Assell et al. Jan 2013 A1
20130030529 Hunt Jan 2013 A1
20130035727 Datta Feb 2013 A1
20130053852 Greenhalgh et al. Feb 2013 A1
20130053854 Schoenefeld et al. Feb 2013 A1
20130053902 Trudeau Feb 2013 A1
20130053963 Davenport Feb 2013 A1
20130072984 Robinson Mar 2013 A1
20130085535 Greenhalgh et al. Apr 2013 A1
20130096683 Kobe Apr 2013 A1
20130116793 Kloss May 2013 A1
20130123850 Schoenefeld et al. May 2013 A1
20130123935 Hunt et al. May 2013 A1
20130131678 Dahners May 2013 A1
20130144343 Arnett et al. Jun 2013 A1
20130158609 Mikhail et al. Jun 2013 A1
20130172736 Abdou Jul 2013 A1
20130197590 Assell et al. Aug 2013 A1
20130203088 Baerlecken et al. Aug 2013 A1
20130218215 Ginn et al. Aug 2013 A1
20130218282 Hunt Aug 2013 A1
20130231746 Ginn et al. Sep 2013 A1
20130237988 Mauldin Sep 2013 A1
20130245703 Warren et al. Sep 2013 A1
20130245763 Mauldin Sep 2013 A1
20130267836 Mauldin et al. Oct 2013 A1
20130267961 Mauldin et al. Oct 2013 A1
20130267989 Mauldin et al. Oct 2013 A1
20130274890 McKay Oct 2013 A1
20130325129 Huang Dec 2013 A1
20140012334 Armstrong Jan 2014 A1
20140012340 Beck et al. Jan 2014 A1
20140031934 Trieu Jan 2014 A1
20140031935 Donner et al. Jan 2014 A1
20140031938 Lechmann et al. Jan 2014 A1
20140031939 Wolfe et al. Jan 2014 A1
20140046380 Asfora Feb 2014 A1
20140074175 Ehler et al. Mar 2014 A1
20140088596 Assell et al. Mar 2014 A1
20140088707 Donner et al. Mar 2014 A1
20140121776 Hunt May 2014 A1
20140135927 Pavlov et al. May 2014 A1
20140142700 Donner et al. May 2014 A1
20140172027 Biedermann et al. Jun 2014 A1
20140200618 Donner et al. Jul 2014 A1
20140207240 Stoffman et al. Jul 2014 A1
20140257294 Gedet et al. Sep 2014 A1
20140257408 Trieu et al. Sep 2014 A1
20140276846 Mauldin et al. Sep 2014 A1
20140276851 Schneider et al. Sep 2014 A1
20140277139 Vrionis et al. Sep 2014 A1
20140277165 Katzman et al. Sep 2014 A1
20140277460 Schifano et al. Sep 2014 A1
20140277462 Yerby et al. Sep 2014 A1
20140277463 Yerby et al. Sep 2014 A1
20140288649 Hunt Sep 2014 A1
20140288650 Hunt Sep 2014 A1
20140296982 Cheng Oct 2014 A1
20140330382 Mauldin Nov 2014 A1
20140364917 Sandstrom et al. Dec 2014 A1
20150012051 Warren et al. Jan 2015 A1
20150039037 Donner et al. Feb 2015 A1
20150080951 Yeh Mar 2015 A1
20150080972 Chin et al. Mar 2015 A1
20150094765 Donner et al. Apr 2015 A1
20150112444 Aksu Apr 2015 A1
20150147397 Altschuler May 2015 A1
20150150683 Donner et al. Jun 2015 A1
20150173805 Donner et al. Jun 2015 A1
20150173904 Stark Jun 2015 A1
20150182268 Donner et al. Jul 2015 A1
20150190149 Assell et al. Jul 2015 A1
20150190187 Parent et al. Jul 2015 A1
20150209094 Anderson Jul 2015 A1
20150216566 Mikhail et al. Aug 2015 A1
20150238203 Asfora Aug 2015 A1
20150250513 De Lavigne Sainte Sep 2015 A1
20150250611 Schifano et al. Sep 2015 A1
20150250612 Schifano et al. Sep 2015 A1
20150257892 Lechmann et al. Sep 2015 A1
20150272646 Russell Oct 2015 A1
20150313720 Lorio Nov 2015 A1
20150320450 Mootien et al. Nov 2015 A1
20150320451 Mootien et al. Nov 2015 A1
20150320469 Biedermann et al. Nov 2015 A1
20150342753 Donner et al. Dec 2015 A1
20160000488 Cross, III Jan 2016 A1
20160022429 Greenhalgh et al. Jan 2016 A1
20160095711 Castro Apr 2016 A1
20160095721 Schell et al. Apr 2016 A1
20160100870 Lavigne et al. Apr 2016 A1
20160106477 Hynes et al. Apr 2016 A1
20160106479 Hynes et al. Apr 2016 A1
20160120661 Schell et al. May 2016 A1
20160143671 Jimenez May 2016 A1
20160016630 Papangelou et al. Jun 2016 A1
20160157908 Cawley et al. Jun 2016 A1
20160166301 Papangelou et al. Jun 2016 A1
20160175113 Lins Jun 2016 A1
20160184103 Fonte et al. Jun 2016 A1
20160213487 Wilson et al. Jul 2016 A1
20160242820 Whipple et al. Aug 2016 A1
20160242912 Lindsey et al. Aug 2016 A1
20160249940 Stark Sep 2016 A1
20160287171 Sand et al. Oct 2016 A1
20160287301 Mehl et al. Oct 2016 A1
20160310188 Marino et al. Oct 2016 A1
20160310197 Black et al. Oct 2016 A1
20160324643 Donner et al. Nov 2016 A1
20160324656 Morris et al. Nov 2016 A1
20160374727 Greenhalgh et al. Dec 2016 A1
20170014235 Jones et al. Jan 2017 A1
20170020573 Cain et al. Jan 2017 A1
20170020585 Harshman et al. Jan 2017 A1
20170049488 Vestgaarden Feb 2017 A1
20170086885 Duncan et al. Mar 2017 A1
20170128083 Germain May 2017 A1
20170128214 Mayer May 2017 A1
20170135733 Donner et al. May 2017 A1
20170135737 Krause May 2017 A1
20170143513 Sandstrom et al. May 2017 A1
20170156879 Janowski Jun 2017 A1
20170156880 Halverson et al. Jun 2017 A1
20170202511 Chang et al. Jul 2017 A1
20170209155 Petersen Jul 2017 A1
20170216036 Cordaro Aug 2017 A1
20170224393 Lavigne et al. Aug 2017 A1
20170246000 Pavlov et al. Aug 2017 A1
20170258498 Redmond et al. Sep 2017 A1
20170258506 Redmond et al. Sep 2017 A1
20170258606 Afzal Sep 2017 A1
20170266007 Gelaude et al. Sep 2017 A1
20170296344 Souza et al. Oct 2017 A1
20170303938 Rindal et al. Oct 2017 A1
20170333205 Joly et al. Nov 2017 A1
20180104063 Asaad Apr 2018 A1
20180104068 Sack Apr 2018 A1
20180104071 Reckling et al. Apr 2018 A1
20180110624 Arnone Apr 2018 A1
20180110626 McShane, III et al. Apr 2018 A1
20180177534 Mesiwala et al. Jun 2018 A1
20180200063 Kahmer et al. Jul 2018 A1
20180214192 Roby et al. Aug 2018 A1
20180228613 Jones et al. Aug 2018 A1
20180228617 Srour et al. Aug 2018 A1
20180228621 Reiiey et al. Aug 2018 A1
20180243097 Jones et al. Aug 2018 A1
20180256351 Bishop et al. Sep 2018 A1
20180256352 Nyahay et al. Sep 2018 A1
20180256361 Bishop et al. Sep 2018 A1
20180280139 Jones et al. Oct 2018 A1
20180280140 Jones et al. Oct 2018 A1
20180296363 Berry Oct 2018 A1
20180303623 Shoshtaev Oct 2018 A1
20180303624 Shoshtaev Oct 2018 A1
20180317971 Prevost Nov 2018 A1
20180368894 Wieland et al. Dec 2018 A1
20190000636 Kim et al. Jan 2019 A1
20190008562 Melton et al. Jan 2019 A1
20190076258 Black et al. Mar 2019 A1
20190076266 Trudeau et al. Mar 2019 A1
20190083270 Milz et al. Mar 2019 A1
20190090888 Sand et al. Mar 2019 A1
20190091027 Asaad et al. Mar 2019 A1
20190125408 Asfora et al. May 2019 A1
20190133613 Reiley et al. May 2019 A1
20190133769 Tetsworth et al. May 2019 A1
20190133783 Unger et al. May 2019 A1
20190142606 Freudenberger May 2019 A1
20190150910 Jones et al. May 2019 A1
20190151113 Sack May 2019 A1
20190151114 Sack May 2019 A1
20190159818 Schneider et al. May 2019 A1
20190159901 Mauldin et al. May 2019 A1
20190183653 Gregersen et al. Jun 2019 A1
20190231554 Bishop et al. Aug 2019 A1
20190239935 Willis et al. Aug 2019 A1
20190254840 Gray et al. Aug 2019 A1
20190262048 Sutika Aug 2019 A1
20190262049 Tempco et al. Aug 2019 A1
20190290441 Tong et al. Sep 2019 A1
20190298528 Lindsey et al. Oct 2019 A1
20190298542 Kloss Oct 2019 A1
20190328546 Palagi et al. Oct 2019 A1
20190343564 Tempco et al. Nov 2019 A1
20190343565 Tempco Nov 2019 A1
20190343566 Tempco et al. Nov 2019 A1
20190343567 Tempco et al. Nov 2019 A1
20190343640 Donner et al. Nov 2019 A1
20190343641 Mauldin et al. Nov 2019 A1
20190343644 Ryan et al. Nov 2019 A1
20190343645 Miccio et al. Nov 2019 A1
20190343652 Petersheim et al. Nov 2019 A1
20190343653 McKay Nov 2019 A1
20190388131 Mehl et al. Dec 2019 A1
20190388242 Harris et al. Dec 2019 A1
20200000595 Jones et al. Jan 2020 A1
20200008817 Reiley et al. Jan 2020 A1
20200008850 Mauldin et al. Jan 2020 A1
20200022817 Crossgrove et al. Jan 2020 A1
20200038069 Jones et al. Feb 2020 A1
20200046512 Newman et al. Feb 2020 A1
20200093603 Manwill et al. Mar 2020 A1
20200100822 Lipow Apr 2020 A1
20200129214 Pepper et al. Apr 2020 A1
20200138485 Kuwamura et al. May 2020 A1
20200138492 Kavanagh May 2020 A1
20200170679 Sciubba et al. Jun 2020 A1
20200246158 Bergey Aug 2020 A1
20200261240 Mesiwala et al. Aug 2020 A1
20200268518 Suh et al. Aug 2020 A1
20200268525 Mesiwala et al. Aug 2020 A1
20200323563 Rezach et al. Oct 2020 A1
20200345507 Reiley Nov 2020 A1
20200345508 Reiley Nov 2020 A1
20200345509 Reiley Nov 2020 A1
20200345510 Reiley Nov 2020 A1
20200375750 Abbasi et al. Dec 2020 A1
20200397491 Frey et al. Dec 2020 A1
20210107093 Tempco Apr 2021 A1
20210212833 Chin et al. Jul 2021 A1
20220031474 Reckling et al. Feb 2022 A1
20220273446 Stuart et al. Sep 2022 A1
20220280303 Mauldin et al. Sep 2022 A1
20220354665 Mesiwala et al. Nov 2022 A1
Foreign Referenced Citations (67)
Number Date Country
1128944 Aug 1996 CN
1190882 Aug 1998 CN
1909848 Feb 2007 CN
101795632 Aug 2010 CN
102361601 Feb 2012 CN
I 02011001264 Sep 2012 DE
102012106336 Jan 2014 DE
1287796 Mar 2003 EP
2070481 Feb 2012 EP
2796104 Oct 2014 EP
2590576 Oct 2015 EP
2749238 Mar 2017 EP
2887899 Aug 2017 EP
2341852 Aug 2018 EP
249616281 Oct 2018 EP
3484387 May 2019 EP
3593745 Jan 2020 EP
3616634 Mar 2020 EP
3661441 Jun 2020 EP
2408389 Apr 2021 EP
59200642 Nov 1984 JP
05-176942 Jul 1993 JP
05184615 Jul 1993 JP
09149906 Oct 1997 JP
10-85231 Apr 1998 JP
11318931 Nov 1999 JP
2002509753 Apr 2002 JP
2003511198 Mar 2003 JP
2003533329 Nov 2003 JP
2003534046 Nov 2003 JP
2004121841 Apr 2004 JP
2004512895 Apr 2004 JP
2004516866 Jun 2004 JP
2006506181 Feb 2006 JP
2007535973 Dec 2007 JP
2008540036 Nov 2008 JP
2009521990 Jun 2009 JP
2009533159 Sep 2009 JP
2010137016 Jun 2010 JP
2015510506 Apr 2015 JP
WO9731517 Aug 1997 WO
WO0117445 Mar 2001 WO
WO0238054 May 2002 WO
WO03007839 Jan 2003 WO
WO0402344 Jan 2004 WO
WO2004043277 May 2004 WO
WO2005009729 Feb 2005 WO
WO2006003316 Jan 2006 WO
WO2006023793 Mar 2006 WO
WO2006074321 Jul 2006 WO
WO2009025884 Feb 2009 WO
WO2009029074 Mar 2009 WO
WO2010105196 Sep 2010 WO
WO2011010463 Jan 2011 WO
WO2011110865 Sep 2011 WO
WO2011124874 Oct 2011 WO
WO2011149557 Dec 2011 WO
WO2012015976 Feb 2012 WO
WO2012048008 Apr 2012 WO
WO2013000071 Jan 2013 WO
WO2013052807 Apr 2013 WO
WO2013119907 Aug 2013 WO
WO2014145902 Sep 2014 WO
WO2017147140 Aug 2017 WO
WO2017147537 Aug 2017 WO
WO2020168269 Aug 2020 WO
WO2021102429 May 2021 WO
Non-Patent Literature Citations (16)
Entry
Schneider et al.; U.S. Appl. No. 17/443,388 entitled “Matrix implant,” filed Jul. 26, 2021.
Mesiwala et al.; U.S. Appl. No. 17/217,794 entitled “Implants for spinal fization or fusion,” filed Mar. 30, 2021.
ACUMED; Acutrak Headless Compressioin Screw (product information); 12 pgs; © 2005; retrieved Sep. 25, 2014 from http://www.rcsed.ac.uk/fellows/Ivanrensburg/classification/surgtech/acumed/manuals/acutrak-brochure%200311.pdf.
Al-Khayer et al.; Percutaneous sacroiliac joint arthrodesis, a novel technique; J Spinal Disord Tech; vol. 21; No. 5; pp. 359-363; Jul. 2008.
Khurana et al.; Percutaneous fusion of the sacroiliac joint with hollow modular anchorage screws, clinical and radiological outcome; J Bone Joint Surg; vol. 91-B; No. 5; pp. 627-631; May 2009.
Lu et al.; Mechanical properties of porous materials; Journal of Porous Materials; 6(4); pp. 359-368; Nov. 1, 1999.
Peretz et al.; The internal bony architecture of the sacrum; Spine; 23(9); pp. 971-974; May 1, 1998.
Richards et al.; Bone density and cortical thickness in normal, osteopenic, and osteoporotic sacra; Journal of Osteoporosis; 2010(ID 504078); 5 pgs; Jun. 9, 2010.
Wise et al.; Minimally invasive sacroiliac arthrodesis, outcomes of a new technique; J Spinal Disord Tech; vol. 21; No. 8; pp. 579-584; Dec. 2008.
Sand et al.; U.S. Appl. No. 17/447,550 entitled “Systems and methods for decorticating the sacroloac joint,” filed Sep. 13, 2021.
Reckling et al.; U.S. Appl. No. 17/116,903 entitled “Sacro-iliac joint stabilizing implants and methods of implantation,” filed Dec. 9, 2020.
Mesiwala et al.; U.S. Appl. No. 17/649,265 entitled “Implants for spinal fixation and or fusion,” filed Jan. 28, 2022.
Follini et al.; U.S. Appl. No. 17/777,679 entitled “Rod coupling assemblies for bone stabilization constructs,” filed May 18, 2022.
Stuart et al.; U.S. Appl. No. 17/812,945 entitled “Sacro-iliac joint stabilizing implants and methods of implantation,” filed Jul. 15, 2022.
Mauldin et al.; U.S. Appl. No. 17/805,165 entitled “Systems, device, and methods for joint fusion,” filed Jun. 2, 2022.
Mauldin et al.; U.S. Appl. No. 17/822,360 entitled “Fenestrated implant,” filed Aug. 25, 2022.
Related Publications (1)
Number Date Country
20210153911 A1 May 2021 US
Provisional Applications (1)
Number Date Country
62941507 Nov 2019 US