The present invention relates generally to the field of booms for cranes, telehandlers, loaders, and the like. The present invention relates specifically to a system of determining the extension and angle of a rotated and/or extended boom on the vehicle. Telehandler boom extension monitoring ensures that the load is counterbalanced and may prevent tipping.
In general, many different types of heavy machinery include rotating and/or telescoping booms, including but not limited to loaders, skid steers, boom handlers, etc. Operators generally use heavy equipment with telescoping booms for construction, farming, and other tasks. Many of these vehicles include a hydraulic actuator that extends and/or pivots the boom relative to the vehicle.
One embodiment of the invention relates to a light-transmitting system for determining an angle and an extension of a rotating and telescoping boom. The system includes a base, a telescoping boom, a pivot, a reflector, a transmitter, and a detector. The telescoping boom has a first end coupled to the base and a second end extending away from the base. The pivot couples the telescoping boom to the base to facilitate rotation of the telescoping boom relative to the base. The reflector is located on either the base or the second end of the telescoping boom. The transmitter and detectors are located opposite the reflector on either the base or the second end of the telescoping boom, such that the detector is adjacent to the transmitter.
Another embodiment of the invention relates to an infrared light transmitting system for determining an angle and an extension of a rotating and telescoping boom. The system includes a chassis, a telescoping boom, a pivot, a reflector, a transmitter, and a detector. The telescoping boom has a first end coupled to the chassis and a second end extending away from the chassis. The pivot couples the telescoping boom to the chassis that rotates the telescoping boom relative to the chassis. The reflector is located on either the chassis or the second end of the telescoping boom. The transmitter and detector are located at the opposite end of the telescoping boom on either the chassis or the second end of the telescoping boom. The detector is located adjacent to the transmitter.
Another embodiment of the invention relates to an infrared light transmitting system for determining an angle and an extension of a rotating and telescoping boom. The system includes a vehicle, a telescoping boom, a pivot, a reflector, a transmitter, and a detector. The vehicle includes wheels to move or drive the vehicle, a cab that at least partially surrounds an operator of the vehicle, and a chassis that supports the cab and couples to the wheels. The telescoping boom interconnects the chassis at the first end to an attachment extending away from the chassis at the second end. The pivot couples the telescoping boom to the chassis. The telescoping boom rotates about the pivot relative to the chassis. The reflector is on the vehicle or the attachment. The transmitter is opposite the reflector, and the detector is adjacent to the transmitter.
Alternative exemplary embodiments relate to other features and combinations of features as may be generally recited in the claims.
This application will become more fully understood from the following detailed description, taken in conjunction with the accompanying figures, wherein like reference numerals refer to like elements in which:
Referring to
Boom 20 includes base section 22, a middle section 24, and an end section 26. End section 26 is coupled to an attachment 30. Attachment 30 includes tynes 32 and a platform 34 for lifting a workload. A hydraulic extension ram is located inside of boom 20, and attached to the three boom sections (e.g., base section 22, middle section 24, and end section 26). Hydraulic extension ram controllably extends boom 20 by telescoping the sections relative to each other as the hydraulic fluid is provided to the hydraulic extension ram by appropriate operator controlled valve. Attachment 30 is pivotally attached to the end of boom 20 (e.g., end section 26 furthest from pivot structure 18). An attachment pivot 36 and a hydraulic cylinder control the rotation of attachment 30 relative to the end of boom 20 (e.g., end section 26) in response to hydraulic fluid applied to the cylinder by the hydraulic system and associated operator controlled valve. A load sensor 38 can determine the weight of the load on attachment 30.
A light system 40 includes a transmitter 42, a detector 44, a reflector 46, and a controller 48. The transmitter emits light beams or traces 50 that are reflected off reflector 46 and detected at detector 44. Transmitter 42 and detector 44 are located in a window 52 of cab 16. Transmitter 42 transmits trace 50, and detector 44 detects the time for trace 50 to travel back from reflector 46 on attachment 30. Controller 48 uses the direction and time of the detected trace 50 to determine extension and height components X1 and Y1 of attachment 30. For example, as boom 20 extends and/or rotates light system 40 measures and calculates extension and height components X1 and Y1 of attachment 30 relative to cab 16.
Matrix 64 has a number of traces 50 in vertical array 66 that is greater than the number of traces 50 in horizontal array 68. This configuration enhances the resolution of extension component X1 and height component Y1 but limits the resolution of out-of-plane component Z1. Boom 20 has one pivot structure 18 to rotate boom 20 in the X-Y plane (e.g., the plane formed by extension and height components X1 and Y1). In a specific embodiment, transmitter 42 has a matrix 64 of traces 50 with a width dimension (e.g., horizontal array 68) that is equal to or less than one-fourth a height dimension (e.g., vertical array 66).
Transmitter 42 may include traces 50 angled downward. For example, some traces 50 reflect off the ground. Detector 44 senses reflected traces 50 off the ground, and controller 48 calculates the levelness and/or slope of the ground surrounding wheels 14 and/or chassis 12. For example, the load supported by boom 20 could become unstable if the operator drives on a slope or into the hole. When detector 44 calculates the deviation in the ground, detector 44 sends a signal to controller 48 to stop the operation of wheels 14. Controller 48 stops operation of wheels 14 when the ground has a hole or deviation that exceeds a threshold. For example, if the deviation is greater than 2″, 3″, 4″, 5″, 6″, a foot or more. An operator can set the deviation level (e.g., hole depth or ground slope), and controller 48 alerts the operator and/or stops operation of wheels 14, boom 20, and/or vehicle when the established deviation level is sensed and/or calculated.
In operation, detector 44 identifies a distance D1 and angle 56 formed between lift arm 80 and ground. The time of travel for the reflected traces 50 from transmitter 42 to reflector 46 and back to detector 44 establishes distance D1. Controller 48 uses right-triangle geometry to solve for the X and Y coordinates of bucket 76 (or other attachment 30).
System 40 includes transmitter 42, detector 44, reflector 46, and controller 48. For example, transmitter 42 sends infrared light beam traces 50 that are reflected off reflector 46 and sensed by detector 44. Detector 44 senses traces 50 reflected off other objects, e.g., without a reflector 46. Controller 48 calculates and/or determines the location of the object that reflected the trace 50. Applicant has found that infrared light traces 50 reflect off such objects located between chassis 12 and an extended end of boom 20 supporting attachment 30. For example, when detector 44 senses a person entering the space between cab 16 and attachment 30, controller 48 sends a signal that stops the movement of wheels 14 and/or boom 20.
Display 60 dynamically illustrates load chart 58 for various weights (white and grey shading) on display 60 in cab 16. Display 60 shows the operator horizontal and/or vertical limits 78 in real-time based on information received from load sensor 38 and/or detector 44. For example, the current position 88 of attachment 30 is illustrated within load chart 58 and updated dynamically as boom 20 rotates and/or extends.
Controller 48 may use one or more algorithms that include factors for a slope of the ground, the presence of any holes, weight load balance (e.g., on bucket 76 or attachment 30), changes in load (e.g., position or weight), the direction of wheels 14, operation of wheels 14, operation of boom 20, operation of attachment 30, and/or other vehicle feedback such as the engine, oil, or tire temperature or pressure.
Display 60 may also show the current position 88 (e.g., extension, height, and/or out-of-plane components X1, Y1, and/or Z1) of attachment 30. The current position 88 is displayed within a dynamically calculated digital load chart 58 that is dependent on the weight and/or position of load applied on attachment 30 and measured by load sensor 38.
Controller 48 uses the measured weight(s) to determine dynamic horizontal and/or vertical limits 78 of boom 20 extension and/or rotation. Controller 48 limits extension and/or rotation based on the weight measured by load sensor 38. Controller 48 sends electronic signals to an audio or visual alarm 62 to alert an operator when the extension and/or rotation is near, at, and/or extended beyond horizontal and/or vertical limits 78. An alarm 62 may be used to alerts near the load limits 78 and/or controller 48 may prevent operation of boom 20 beyond the load limits 78. When extension and/or rotation exceeds load limits 78, controller 48 can inhibit operation of any component on the vehicle including, but not limited to, wheels 14, track 124, lift arm 80, and/or lifter 82.
Controller 48 may also be configured to send electronic signals to a first alarm 62 when telescoping boom extends to within a percentage of the horizontal limit 78 and a second alarm 62 when boom 20 extends to within a percentage of the vertical limit 78. In various embodiments, the percentage is less than 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 100% of horizontal and/or vertical limit 78.
Controller 48 may also provide an alarm 62 at extensions and/or rotations less than or equal to horizontal and/or vertical limit 78 and suspends operation (e.g., of wheels 14 and/or boom 20) when a horizontal or vertical limit 78 is reached. For example, controller 48 limits the operation of attachment 30 when boom 20 extension is equal to or greater than a horizontal and/or vertical limit 78. The operator can override controller 48 to operate the vehicle, even past limits 78. For example, operator overrides controller 48 when extension is more than 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 100%, 105%, 110%, 115%, 120%, or 125% of horizontal and/or vertical limit 78.
It should be understood that the figures illustrate the exemplary embodiments in detail, and it should be understood that the present application is not limited to the details or methodology set forth in the description or illustrated in the figures. It should also be understood that the terminology is for the purpose of description only and should not be regarded as limiting.
Further modifications and alternative embodiments of various aspects of the invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art in view of this description. Accordingly, this description is to be construed as illustrative only. The construction and arrangements, shown in the various exemplary embodiments, are illustrative only. Although only a few embodiments have been described in detail in this disclosure, many modifications are possible (e.g., variations in sizes, dimensions, structures, shapes and proportions of the various elements, values of parameters, mounting arrangements, use of materials, colors, orientations, etc.) without materially departing from the novel teachings and advantages of the subject matter described herein. Some elements shown as integrally formed may be constructed of multiple parts or elements, the position of elements may be reversed or otherwise varied, and the nature or number of discrete elements or positions may be altered or varied. The order or sequence of any process, logical algorithm, or method steps may be varied or re-sequenced according to alternative embodiments. Other substitutions, modifications, changes, and omissions may also be made in the design, operating conditions, and arrangement of the various exemplary embodiments without departing from the scope of the present invention.
For purposes of this disclosure, the term “coupled” means the joining of two components directly or indirectly to one another. Such joining may be stationary in nature or movable in nature. Such joining may be achieved with the two members and any additional intermediate members being integrally formed as a single unitary body with one another or with the two members or the two members and any additional member being attached to one another. Such joining may be permanent in nature or alternatively may be removable or releasable in nature.
While the current application recites particular combinations of features in the claims appended hereto, various embodiments of the invention relate to any combination of any of the features described herein whether or not such combination is currently claimed, and any such combination of features may be claimed in this or future applications. Any of the features, elements, or components of any of the exemplary embodiments discussed above may be used alone or in combination with any of the features, elements, or components of any of the other embodiments discussed above.
In various exemplary embodiments, the relative dimensions, including angles, lengths, and radii, as shown in the Figures, are to scale. Actual measurements of the Figures will disclose relative dimensions, angles, and proportions of the various exemplary embodiments. Various exemplary embodiments extend to various ranges around the absolute and relative dimensions, angles, and proportions that may be determined from the Figures. Various exemplary embodiments include any combination of one or more relative dimensions or angles that may be determined from the Figures. Further, actual dimensions not expressly set out in this description can be determined by using the ratios of dimensions measured in the Figures in combination with the express dimensions set out in this description. In addition, in various embodiments, the present disclosure extends to a variety of ranges (e.g., plus or minus 30%, 20%, or 10%) around any of the absolute or relative dimensions disclosed herein or determinable from the Figures.