Patent Application
20210215031
This disclosure relates to hydrocarbon production from wells.
Rocks in a hydrocarbon reservoir store hydrocarbons (for example, petroleum, oil, gas, or combinations of one or more of these), for example, by trapping the hydrocarbons within porous formations in the rocks. These hydrocarbons can be retrieved from the reservoir via one or more wells drilled into the formation. Commercial-scale hydrocarbon production from such source rocks and reservoirs requires significant capital. It is therefore beneficial to optimize cost and design of development to extract as much hydrocarbons as possible from the reservoir within a reasonable amount of time for commercial viability.
This disclosure describes technologies relating to boosting or reviving production from low pressure or dead wells.
In a first general aspect, a method can be implemented for boosting or reviving production from a well connected to a gas-oil separation plant. At least a portion of a processed crude oil stream from a pump in the gas-oil separation plant is flowed to a multi-phase ejector as motive fluid. The processed crude oil stream flows to the multi-phase ejector at a first pressure. The multi-phase ejector is in fluid communication with the well. Pressure energy of the portion of the processed crude oil stream is converted into kinetic energy by the multi-phase ejector, thereby reducing pressure within the multi-phase ejector and inducing flow of a production stream from the well to the multi-phase ejector as suction fluid. The production stream flows to the multi-phase ejector at a second pressure less than the first pressure. The suction fluid and the motive fluid are mixed by the multi-phase ejector. The mixture of the suction fluid and the motive fluid is discharged by the multi-phase ejector at an intermediate pressure between the first pressure and the second pressure. The mixture of the suction fluid and the motive fluid at the intermediate pressure is flowed to a separator in the gas-oil separation plant.
In a second general aspect, a processed crude oil stream is flowed by a pump of a gas-oil separation plant at a first pressure to a multi-phase ejector. The multi-phase ejector is fluidically coupled to the pump and fluidically coupled to a well. A low-pressure area is created by the multi-phase ejector responsive to flowing the processed crude oil stream, thereby inducing flow of a production stream from the well to the multi-phase ejector at a second pressure less than the first pressure. A pressure in the low-pressure area is less than the second pressure of the production stream.
In a third general aspect, a system includes a multi-phase ejector and a pump in a gas-oil separation plant. The multi-phase ejector is fluidically coupled to a well. The pump is fluidically coupled to the multi-phase ejector. The pump is configured to flow a processed crude oil stream as motive fluid to the multi-phase ejector at a first pressure. The multi-phase ejector is configured to create a low-pressure area in response to the flow of the processed crude oil stream, thereby inducing flow of a production stream from the well as suction fluid to the multi-phase ejector at a second pressure less than the first pressure. A pressure in the low-pressure area is less than the second pressure.
Implementations of the first, second, and third general aspects may include one or more of the following features.
The separator can be a low pressure production trap, and another portion of the production stream from the well can be flowed to a high pressure production trap in the gas-oil separation plant.
In some implementations, a remaining portion of the processed crude oil stream from the pump is flowed to the low pressure production trap.
In some implementations, the second pressure is at most 120 pounds per square inch gauge (psig).
In some implementations, the first pressure is at least 200 psig.
In some implementations, the intermediate pressure is about 60 psig.
A mixture of the processed crude oil stream and the production stream can be discharged by the multi-phase ejector at an intermediate pressure between the first pressure and the second pressure.
In some implementations, the multi-phase ejector is configured to receive, as suction fluid, multiple production streams from multiple wells. Each of the production streams can be from a different one of the wells.
The multi-phase ejector can be configured to discharge a mixture of the processed crude oil stream and the production stream at an intermediate pressure between the first pressure and the second pressure.
The details of one or more implementations of the subject matter of this disclosure are set forth in the accompanying drawings and the description. Other features, aspects, and advantages of the subject matter will become apparent from the description, the drawings, and the claims.
This disclosure describes boosting production from wells, for example, dead or low flow wellhead pressure wells. The subject matter described in this disclosure can be implemented in particular implementations, so as to realize one or more of the following advantages. Implementation of the subject matter can capitalize on the existing infrastructure and available resources by utilizing the energy from the shipping pumps' discharge lines to boost the production from low pressure oil wells, revive dead wells, or both. This boost in production can be achieved by installing a multi-phase ejector on a branch from the discharge line of one or more shipping pumps. This flow from the shipping pump(s) (once it passes through the ejector) will significantly drop in pressure, resulting in a sonic velocity at the neck and supersonic velocity at the exit of the ejector's convergent nozzle. This drop in pressure within the ejector can stimulate the flow from low pressure wells. The high velocity flow, which includes hydrocarbons from the low pressure well and the shipping pump, passes through the rest of the ejector (a divergent cone), which converts kinetic energy back into pressure. Production from a well can be boosted without requiring the need of additional rotating equipment. In contrast, production can be boosted with addition of static equipment (a multi-phase ejector), which can incur less capital, operating, and maintenance costs than rotating equipment. Production from the well can be boosted without increasing loads to the flare, thereby avoiding increasing emissions. The systems and methods described can be implemented in connection to a new system or be retro-fitted to an existing system.
The production stream 151 from the well 150 includes hydrocarbons, for example, crude oil, natural gas, or both. The production stream 151 can include additional components, such as water, contaminants, or both.
The GOSP 110 is configured to process crude oil, for example, the production stream 151 or a portion of the production stream 151 produced from the well 150. Processing in the GOSP 110 can include, for example, removal of contaminants, removal of water, separation of gas and oil phases, or any combination of these. The GOSP 110 can include various types of equipment to carry out such processes, for example, pumps, compressors, valves, heat exchangers, separators, catalysts, and demulsifiers. The product streams exiting the GOSP 110 can include a processed crude oil stream (for example, the processed crude oil stream 113), a natural gas stream, or both.
In some implementations, the GOSP 110 includes a high pressure production trap 115a, a low pressure production trap 115b, and a high pressure test trap 115c. All of these (115a, 115b, and 115c) can be considered specialized separators. The high pressure production trap 115a can include a three-phase separator for separating oil, water, and gas. The high pressure production trap 115a operates at a greater pressure than the low pressure production trap 115b. In some implementations, the high pressure production trap 115a operates at about 120 pounds per square inch gauge (psig), about 115 psig, about 110 psig, about 105 psig, about 100 psig, or less. The low pressure production trap 115b can include a two-phase separator for separating oil and gas. In some implementations, the low pressure production trap 115b operates at about 50 psig, about 45 psig, about 40 psig, about 35 psig, about 30 psig, or less. The high pressure test trap 115c can include a two-phase separator. The high pressure test trap 115c can be used for testing to identify characteristics of the well's production or revival. In some implementations, similar to the high pressure production trap 115a, the high pressure test trap 115c operates at about 120 psig, about 115 psig, about 105 psig, about 100 psig, or less.
The processed crude oil stream 113 is the oil product stream from the GOSP 110. In comparison to the production stream 151, the processed crude oil stream 113 has less water content and less contaminants. Gaseous components originating from the production stream 151 have also been separated out from the processed crude oil stream 113.
Although not shown, the GOSP 110 can produce multiple processed crude oil streams that are not recycled to the GOSP 110 like the processed crude oil stream 113. The additional processed crude oil stream(s) can be delivered, for example, to another user of processed crude oil or to another facility for further processing (for example, fractionation).
The multi-phase ejector 101 is configured to receive at least a portion 113a of the processed crude oil stream 113 as motive fluid. The portion 113a of the processed crude oil stream 113 can flow to the multi-phase ejector 101 as a liquid phase at a first pressure. The first pressure can depend on various factors, such as dimensions and speed of the pump 111, configurations of one or more flow control devices (for example, % opening of a flow control valve), and existence of other flow restrictions (for example, a flow orifice). In some implementations, the first pressure is at least 200 psig. For example, the first pressure can be about 210 psig, about 220 psig, about 230 psig, about 240 psig, about 250 psig, or greater.
The multi-phase ejector 101 is configured to receive at least a portion 151a of the production stream 151 as suction fluid. The portion 151a of the production stream 151 can flow to the multi-phase ejector 101 as a liquid phase, a gas phase, or a mixed phase (for example, a mixture of liquid and gas) at a second pressure less than the first pressure. The second pressure can depend on various factors, such as available pressure in the subterranean formation and flow restrictions in the well 150. In some implementations, the second pressure is at most 120 pounds per square inch gauge (psig). For example, the second pressure can be about 110 psig, about 100 psig, about 90 psig, about 80 psig, about 70 psig, about 60 psig, about 50 psig, about 40 psig, about 30 psig, about 20 psig, about 10 psig, or less.
Within the multi-phase ejector 101, the motive fluid induces the suction fluid to flow. The design of the multi-phase ejector 101 takes advantage of the Venturi effect and converts pressure energy into kinetic energy, thereby reducing the pressure and enabling the ejector 101 to induce flow of the portion 151a production stream 151 into the ejector 101 as suction fluid. This induced flow of the production stream 151 by the ejector 101 provides the boost in production from the well 150.
The multi-phase ejector 101 is configured to mix the suction fluid and the motive fluid. As the mixture of the suction fluid and the motive fluid flows through the multi-phase ejector 101 some of the kinetic energy is converted back into pressure energy. The multi-phase ejector 101 is configured to discharge the mixture 153 of the suction fluid and the motive fluid at an intermediate pressure that is between the first pressure and the second pressure. In some implementations, the intermediate pressure is in a range of from about 10 psig to about 200 psig, for example, in a range of from about 10 psig to about 120 psig. For example, the intermediate pressure can be about 20 psig, about 30 psig, about 40 psig, about 50 psig, about 60 psig, about 70 psig, about 80 psig, about 90 psig, about 100 psig, or about 110 psig.
The mixture 153 of the suction fluid and the motive fluid at the intermediate pressure can be a mixed phase (for example, a mixture of liquid and gas). The mixture 153 of the suction fluid and the motive fluid at the intermediate pressure can be flowed to the GOSP 110 to be processed. In some implementations, the mixture 153 is flowed to the low pressure production trap 115b. In some implementations, the high pressure production trap 115a is configured to receive a portion 151b of the production stream 151 from the well 150. In some implementations, the low pressure production trap 115b is configured to receive a portion 113b of the processed crude oil stream 113 from the pump 111. In some implementations, the high pressure test trap 115c is configured to receive a portion 151c of the production stream 151 from the well 150.
At step 303, pressure energy of the portion 113a of the processed crude oil stream 113 is converted into kinetic energy by the multi-phase ejector 101, thereby reducing pressure within the multi-phase ejector 101 and inducing flow of at least a portion of a production stream (for example, portion 151a of production stream 151) from the well 150 to the multi-phase ejector 101 as suction fluid. The suction fluid can flow to the multi-phase ejector at a second pressure that is less than the first pressure. In some implementations, the second pressure is at most 120 psig. For example, the second pressure can be about 110 psig, about 100 psig, about 90 psig, about 80 psig, about 70 psig, about 60 psig, about 50 psig, about 40 psig, about 30 psig, about 20 psig, about 10 psig, about 5 psig, or less. In some implementations, another portion of the production stream 151 (is flowed to a separator in the GOSP 110. For example, the portion 151b of the production stream 151 is flowed to the high pressure production trap 115a. For example, the portion 151c of the production stream 151 is flowed to the high pressure test trap 115c.
At step 305, the suction fluid and the motive fluid are mixed by the multi-phase ejector 101. As described previously, within the multi-phase ejector 101, the drop in pressure of the motive fluid induces the flow of the suction fluid. The design of the multi-phase ejector 101 takes advantage of the Venturi effect and converts pressure energy into kinetic energy. After passing through a convergent combining cone, the mixture of the suction fluid and the motive fluid enters a divergent delivery cone, which slows down the flow of fluid through the multi-phase ejector 101, thereby converting kinetic energy back into pressure energy.
At step 307, the mixture of the suction fluid and the motive fluid is discharged by the multi-phase ejector 101 at an intermediate pressure that is between the first pressure and the second pressure. In some implementations, the intermediate pressure is in a range of from about 10 psig to about 200 psig, for example, in a range of from about 10 psig to about 120 psig. For example, the intermediate pressure can be about 20 psig, about 30 psig, about 40 psig, about 50 psig, about 60 psig, about 70 psig, about 80 psig, about 90 psig, about 100 psig, or about 110 psig.
At step 309, the mixture of the suction fluid and the motive fluid (discharged from the multi-phase ejector 101 at step 307) is flowed to a separator in the GOSP 110 (for example, the low pressure production trap 115b). The mixture can undergo processing in the GOSP 110, for example, to produce at least a portion of the processed crude oil stream 113 exiting the GOSP 110, a natural gas stream, or both.
At step 403, a low-pressure area is created by the multi-phase ejector 101 in response to flowing the processed crude oil stream 113 at step 401. The creation of the low-pressure area by the multi-phase ejector 101 at step 403 induces flow of a production stream (for example, the production stream 151 or the portion 151a of the production stream 151) from the well 150 to the multi-phase ejector 101 at a second pressure that is less than the first pressure. The pressure in the low-pressure area is less than the second pressure of the production stream 151, so that the production stream 151 can flow to the ejector 101 as suction fluid. In some implementations, the second pressure is at most 120 psig. For example, the second pressure can be about 110 psig, about 100 psig, about 90 psig, about 80 psig, about 70 psig, about 60 psig, about 50 psig, about 40 psig, about 30 psig, about 20 psig, about 10 psig, about 5 psig, or less.
The processed crude oil stream 113 and the production stream 151 can mix within the ejector 101. The mixture of the processed crude oil stream 113 and the production stream 151 can be discharged by the ejector 101 at an intermediate pressure that is between the first pressure and the second pressure. In some implementations, the intermediate pressure is in a range of from about 10 psig to about 200 psig, for example, in a range of from about 10 psig to about 120 psig. For example, the intermediate pressure can be about 20 psig, about 30 psig, about 40 psig, about 50 psig, about 60 psig, about 70 psig, about 80 psig, about 90 psig, about 100 psig, or about 110 psig.
It is noted that an alternative, conventional method for continuing production from a well that has lost pressure (for example, the well 150) is to decrease an operating pressure of the GOSP 110. For example, the operating pressure of the high pressure production trap 115a can be decreased to a point at which fluids can still be produced from the well 150 and flow to the high pressure production trap 115a without the use of the ejector 101. This conventional method, however, can result in the need of sending flow to the flare, for example, due to the increased flow of gas that flashes from the liquid at decreased pressure. Increased flow to the flare is especially prevalent in cases where the pressure drops to less than the operating pressure of the low pressure production trap 115b. Sending more flow to the flare increases emissions of the GOSP 110. By implementing the systems and methods described here (and specifically implementing the multi-phase ejector 101), the risk of sending additional flow to the flare can be mitigated or, in some cases, eliminated.
While this specification contains many specific implementation details, these should not be construed as limitations on the scope of what may be claimed, but rather as descriptions of features that may be specific to particular implementations. Certain features that are described in this specification in the context of separate implementations can also be implemented, in combination, in a single implementation. Conversely, various features that are described in the context of a single implementation can also be implemented in multiple implementations, separately, or in any suitable sub-combination. Moreover, although previously described features may be described as acting in certain combinations and even initially claimed as such, one or more features from a claimed combination can, in some cases, be excised from the combination, and the claimed combination may be directed to a sub-combination or variation of a sub-combination.
As used in this disclosure, the terms “a,” “an,” or “the” are used to include one or more than one unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. The term “or” is used to refer to a nonexclusive “or” unless otherwise indicated. The statement “at least one of A and B” has the same meaning as “A, B, or A and B.” In addition, it is to be understood that the phraseology or terminology employed in this disclosure, and not otherwise defined, is for the purpose of description only and not of limitation. Any use of section headings is intended to aid reading of the document and is not to be interpreted as limiting; information that is relevant to a section heading may occur within or outside of that particular section.
As used in this disclosure, the term “about” or “approximately” can allow for a degree of variability in a value or range, for example, within 10%, within 5%, or within 1% of a stated value or of a stated limit of a range.
As used in this disclosure, the term “substantially” refers to a majority of, or mostly, as in at least about 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 99.5%, 99.9%, 99.99%, or at least about 99.999% or more.
Values expressed in a range format should be interpreted in a flexible manner to include not only the numerical values explicitly recited as the limits of the range, but also to include all the individual numerical values or sub-ranges encompassed within that range as if each numerical value and sub-range is explicitly recited. For example, a range of “0.1% to about 5%” or “0.1% to 5%” should be interpreted to include about 0.1% to about 5%, as well as the individual values (for example, 1%, 2%, 3%, and 4%) and the sub-ranges (for example, 0.1% to 0.5%, 1.1% to 2.2%, 3.3% to 4.4%) within the indicated range. The statement “X to Y” has the same meaning as “about X to about Y,” unless indicated otherwise. Likewise, the statement “X, Y, or Z” has the same meaning as “about X, about Y, or about Z,” unless indicated otherwise.
Particular implementations of the subject matter have been described. Other implementations, alterations, and permutations of the described implementations are within the scope of the following claims as will be apparent to those skilled in the art. While operations are depicted in the drawings or claims in a particular order, this should not be understood as requiring that such operations be performed in the particular order shown or in sequential order, or that all illustrated operations be performed (some operations may be considered optional), to achieve desirable results. In certain circumstances, multitasking or parallel processing (or a combination of multitasking and parallel processing) may be advantageous and performed as deemed appropriate.
Moreover, the separation or integration of various system modules and components in the previously described implementations should not be understood as requiring such separation or integration in all implementations, and it should be understood that the described components and systems can generally be integrated together or packaged into multiple products.
Accordingly, the previously described example implementations do not define or constrain the present disclosure. Other changes, substitutions, and alterations are also possible without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure.
This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/656,073, filed on Oct. 17, 2019, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 16656073 | Oct 2019 | US |
| Child | 17216145 | US |
