This invention relates to methods for incorporating a combination lock into a cap for a vial, bottle, jug or drum containing a toxic chemical, a pharmaceutical or any other material that should be secured.
Secure caps for containers of various substances are encountered frequently. Automotive and truck fuel tanks employ locking caps to prevent theft of gasoline and diesel fuel. Various designs for child-proofing medicine bottles and cleaning supplies rely on strength and complex manipulation to keep potent medicines and corrosive chemicals out of the mouths of babes.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,796,768 to Stuckey discloses a locking mechanism for a cap based on a clutching mechanism and using a keyed or combination lock.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,848,621 to Radliff discloses a cap for a fuel container in which a key may be hidden.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,212,971 to Yoon et al. discloses a “push button combination lock” to secure a fuel tank.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,317,796 to Hunter discloses child resistant packaging which employs combinations of twists to deter children while still making the contents accessible to adults. U.S. Pat. No. 5,351,845, also to Hunter, discloses another combination style twist-off cap.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,059,132 to Benjamin is directed to a combination lock cap for a threaded bottle.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,059,135 to James et al. is directed to a compartmentalized “lunch pail” with a combination lock in the lid and sliding bolt type latching system.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,786,346 to Gurnard et al. is directed to a locking cap for a drinking glass using a wire to pull a castellated skirt portion under a lip and to release the wire when a correct combination is put into the wire latching area.
The prior are safety caps are complicated and are not readily adapted to common sized containers such as the ubiquitous amber bottles or vials identified with pharmacies prescription filling or other common bottles for household cleaners.
It is a first objective of this invention to provide a locking cap for a vial or bottle which includes a combination lock. It is a second object of this invention to provide a cap for a vial or jar which can be transferred from one vial, bottle or drum to another. It is a further objective of this invention to provide a system whereby a person may have multiple caps with the same combination.
These and other objects of this invention are obtained by a locking cap having a brace of pins slideable through a set of three numbered wheels with holes which, when properly aligned, allow the pins to pass through the wheels. When the pins are in an extended position, blocked by the wheels, the pins lock the cap in place on a vial or container by being positioned under an inner lip against an inward projection in the side of the container or through a brace of holes in the side of the vial or bottle. The pins may be joined at their periphery to form a plug or blocking lock to impact a projection.
A combination lock type cap for a vial, bottle or other container serves many functions. Safety is a primary concern when expensive medicine such as erythropoietin, huGMCSF and remicade are used outside (or even inside) an hospital setting. Safety is also a concern when medicines are used in nursing homes, or in dwelling houses where children are present. Security is also a concern with potent morphine analogues that are subject to abuse by persons for whom they have not been prescribed. Common household chemicals such as NaOCl, NaOH and paint thinners pose serious risks to the uninformed, especially children. Garden chemicals such as lime and a few pesticides may cause injury to eyes, or if consumed, poisoning, Fuels such as gasoline, diesel fuel and charcoal lighter fluid should be kept from children and are sometimes stolen in bulk.
The invention is a locking system applicable to a wide range of the above listed products which has a cost which can be justified in consideration of the value of the protected property and protected parties. The locking cap of this invention may be made in a limited number of standard sizes and used over a wide range of products.
Finger wheels 11, 13, 15 are shown in perspective in
The number of Arabic numbers 65 or other indicia (letters, astrological symbols, etc.) are not strictly limited except that when the three wheels are aligned so that the holes are in register, a number or other indicium should be at top dead center of each wheel.
Optionally, a flange 61 on cap 3 may engage a flange on the vial (not shown) as is present on existing pharmacy vials.
The second embodiment utilizes a crossbar 71 rigidly secured in bridging relation to the pins 35, 37. The inside of the vial carries two radially inward projecting abutments or projections 73, 75 forming a notch into which the braced pins 35, 37 project or extend in the locked position. In this embodiment, the cap 3 may be gasketed to effect a leak-resistant structure.
Either embodiment may be adapted to be applied to any standard size vial or bottle using a screw or adaptor as shown in
The same concept may be used on drums of industrial chemicals by using a threaded insert for a bung-hole in a 55-gallon drum.
A bung plug normally has a bottom surface below the bottom of the drum top. The finger wheels of this invention may be used to lock and unlock pins which project below the bottom of the bung threads to prevent removal without retractions.
In applications for medicine vials and bottles, the cap may be made from a thermo formed plastic such as by injection molding. For larger applications, such as drums, tanks, etc., a mild steel may be more suitable.
Detents are not required form practice of this invention. When detents are desired, a leaf spring in sinesoidal configuration and having small dimples may be interleaved between the thumb wheels to engage small indentations in the front of thumb wheels 13, 15 and the back face of thumb wheel 11 to provide a more mechanical feel to the locking mechanism. For larger applications, a spring load of the pins may be desirable and may be biased in the locked or unlocked position.
Caps according to this invention may be purchased with preset combinations. Combinations can be reset by replacing one or more of the thumbwheels. Alternatively, thumb wheels could be purchased separately and the combination set at the point of purchase or by the purchaser.
The invention disclosed herein may be used for safe-keeping medicines and household chemicals such as cleaners, pesticides and paint thinners and to secure toxic industrial chemicals in transit or on-site.
The invention has been described in terms of preferred embodiments which do not limit the scope of the invention. Modifications and adaptation apparent to those skilled in the art are included within the spirit and cope of the invention.
Number | Name | Date | Kind |
---|---|---|---|
1687887 | Pletcher | Oct 1928 | A |
1811896 | Ross | Jun 1931 | A |
2063678 | Hulme | Dec 1936 | A |
3850325 | MacLeod | Nov 1974 | A |
3901407 | Mitchell et al. | Aug 1975 | A |
4722208 | Ye | Feb 1988 | A |
4796768 | Stuckey | Jan 1989 | A |
4829796 | Kim | May 1989 | A |
4848621 | Radliff | Jul 1989 | A |
5212971 | Yoon et al. | May 1993 | A |
5317796 | Hunter | Jun 1994 | A |
5351845 | Hunter | Oct 1994 | A |
6059132 | Benjamin | May 2000 | A |
6059135 | James et al. | May 2000 | A |
6786346 | Gurnard et al. | Sep 2004 | B1 |
7055707 | Yoneyama et al. | Jun 2006 | B2 |
Number | Date | Country | |
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20060207958 A1 | Sep 2006 | US |