Patent Application
20200339093
The present invention relates to a brake device for braking rotation of a wheel and to a brake control system using the brake device. This application is based on and claims the benefit of priority from Japanese Patent Application Serial No. 2019-085852 (filed on Apr. 26, 2019), the contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety.
In most brake devices for vehicles, a wheel brake unit that applies a braking force to a wheel is operated by a hydraulic actuator such as a hydraulic piston.
Patent Literature 1: Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2019-18851
With the recent advancement in development of autonomous vehicle driving technology, it is demanded to improve operation accuracy and responsiveness of a wheel brake unit in a brake device.
The present invention provides a brake device and a brake control system in which a wheel brake unit has an improved operation accuracy and responsiveness.
A brake device according to an embodiment of the present invention includes: a wheel brake unit for braking a wheel; an electric motor for driving the wheel brake unit; a speed reducer for decelerating rotation of the electric motor; a rotation-linear motion converter for converting a rotational output of the speed reducer into a linear motion; and a braking force transmission member for transmitting the linear motion produced by the rotation-linear motion converter to the wheel brake unit.
With the above configuration, when braking of a vehicle is required, the electric motor is operated and the rotation of the electric motor is decelerated by the speed reducer. When the rotation output section of the speed reducer rotates, the rotation is converted into a linear motion by the rotation-linear motion converter, and the linear motion is transmitted to the wheel brake unit via the braking force transmission member. As a result, the wheel brake unit is operated accurately and rapidly by the power of the electric motor and the deceleration performed by the speed reducer.
It is also possible that the rotation-linear motion converter includes: a rotary block configured to be rotated by the rotational output of the speed reducer; and a casing housing the rotary block in a rotatable manner, the casing retains the braking force transmission member such that the braking force transmission member is movable forward and backward in a direction substantially perpendicular to a rotational center axis of the rotary block, and the rotary block includes a cam mechanism for moving the braking force transmission member forward and backward at a position spaced from the rotational center axis.
With the above configuration, when braking of a vehicle is required, the electric motor is operated and the rotation of the electric motor is decelerated by the speed reducer and transmitted to the rotary block of the rotation-linear motion converter. This causes the rotary block to rotate in the casing. When the rotary block rotates in the casing, the cam mechanism moves the braking force transmission member forward and backward to operate the wheel brake unit. This simple configuration makes it possible to convert the rotation of the speed reducer into the forward and backward movement of the braking force transmission member substantially perpendicular to the axis of the speed reducer.
It is also possible that the casing has a reaction force receiving surface supporting an outer peripheral surface of the rotary block.
With the above configuration, when a reaction force from the wheel brake unit acts on the braking force transmission member, the reaction force acts to tilt the rotary block via the cam mechanism. At this time, the reaction force acting on the rotary block is received by the reaction force receiving surface of the casing. As a result, the tilt or deformation of the rotary block can be prevented.
It is also possible that the speed reducer includes a rotation output section, and the rotary block and the rotation output section are coupled to each other via an Oldham coupling.
With the above configuration, when a large reaction force acts from the wheel brake unit onto the braking force transmission member, the reaction force acts on the rotary block via the cam mechanism in the opposite direction to the drive rotation direction. This causes the intermediate piece of the Oldham coupling to slide, thereby preventing the large reaction force from acting on the speed reducer side. As a result, an excess reaction force does not act on the bearings on the speed reducer side.
It is also possible that the speed reducer includes: a support block; a crankshaft rotatably supported on the support block and configured to be rotated by a drive force of the electric motor; a revolving gear rotatably engaged with an eccentric portion of the crankshaft to revolve along with the eccentric portion, the revolving gear having outer teeth; and an outer cylinder disposed on an outer peripheral side of the revolving gear and configured to mesh with the outer teeth of the revolving gear, the outer cylinder retaining inner tooth pins on an inner peripheral surface thereof, a number of the inner tooth pins being larger than a number of the outer teeth, one of the support block and the outer cylinder is fixed on an outside member, and the other of the support block and the outer cylinder serves as a rotation output section.
With the above configuration, the rotation of the electric motor is decelerated and transmitted to the rotation-linear motion converter accurately and rapidly by the speed reducer, which includes the support block, the crankshaft, the revolving gear, and the outer cylinder.
A brake device according to an embodiment of the present invention includes: a wheel brake unit for braking a wheel; an electric motor for driving the wheel brake unit; a speed reducer for decelerating rotation of the electric motor; a rotation-linear motion converter for converting a rotational output of the speed reducer into a linear motion; and a braking force transmission member for transmitting the linear motion produced by the rotation-linear motion converter to the wheel brake unit, wherein the rotation-linear motion converter includes: a rotary block configured to be rotated by the rotational output of the speed reducer; and a casing housing the rotary block in a rotatable manner and retaining the braking force transmission member such that the braking force transmission member is movable forward and backward in a direction substantially perpendicular to a rotational center axis of the rotary block, and wherein the rotary block includes a cam mechanism for moving the braking force transmission member forward and backward at a position spaced from the rotational center axis, wherein the casing has a reaction force receiving surface supporting an outer peripheral surface of the rotary block, and wherein the rotary block and a rotation output section of the speed reducer are coupled to each other via an Oldham coupling.
A brake control system according to an embodiment of the present invention includes: a brake device including: a wheel brake unit for braking a wheel; an electric motor for driving the wheel brake unit; a speed reducer for decelerating rotation of the electric motor; a rotation-linear motion converter for converting a rotational output of the speed reducer into a linear motion; and a braking force transmission member for transmitting the linear motion produced by the rotation-linear motion converter to the wheel brake unit; an object detecting device for detecting an object outside a vehicle; a vehicle speed sensing device for sensing a running speed of the vehicle; and a brake control device configured to receive signals from the object detecting device and the vehicle speed sensing device and control the electric motor of the brake device in accordance with a distance between the vehicle and the object outside the vehicle and the running speed of the vehicle.
With the above configuration, when the object detecting device detects an object outside the vehicle, the brake control device controls the electric motor of the brake device in accordance with a distance between the vehicle and the object outside the vehicle and the running speed of the vehicle. This makes it possible to maintain an appropriate distance between the vehicle and the object outside the vehicle. In particular, the brake device used in the above brake control system can operate the wheel brake unit accurately and rapidly by the power of the electric motor and the deceleration performed by the speed reducer. Accordingly, the above brake control system can rapidly modify the distance between the vehicle and the object outside the vehicle so as to approach the target distance.
It is also possible that the brake control system further includes: a motor rotation sensing unit for sensing an amount of rotation of the electric motor from an initial position to a braking position thereof; and a wear determination unit for determining whether or not the wheel brake unit is worn based on a sensing result of the motor rotation sensing unit.
With the above configuration, the wear determination unit determines whether or not the wheel brake unit is worn based on a sensing result of the motor rotation sensing unit, making it possible to replace the parts of the wheel brake unit at appropriate timings.
It is also possible that the brake control system further includes an alert unit for giving an alert when the wear determination unit determines that the wheel brake unit is worn to a prescribed level or more.
With the above configuration, the alert unit gives an alert when the wheel brake unit is worn to a prescribed level or more, making it possible to inform the driver of the appropriate timing of replacing the parts of the wheel brake unit.
In the brake device and the brake control system described above, the wheel brake unit has an improved operation accuracy and responsiveness.
Embodiments of the present invention will be hereinafter described with reference to the drawings. In the following embodiments, like elements will be denoted by the same reference signs and redundant descriptions will be partly omitted.
A description is first given of the first embodiment shown in
The wheel brake unit 7 includes, for example, a brake disk 12 and brake pads 13. The brake disk 12 rotates integrally with the wheel, and the brake pads 13 are pressed against the opposite side surfaces of the brake disk 12 for braking. The brake pads 13 are pressed by the piston 9 that serves as the braking force transmission member. The wheel brake unit 7 may use other wheel brake mechanisms such as a drum brake, instead of the disk brake used in the embodiment.
The electric motor 8 is capable of increasing or decreasing the torque in accordance with the control of the supplied electric current and switching between the forward and reverse rotations. The output shaft of the electric motor 8 is connected to a speed reduction mechanism positioned upstream in the speed reducer 10, which will be described later.
The speed reducer 10 has such a structure as shown in
The main speed reduction unit 50 includes a first carrier block 15A and a second carrier block 15B, an outer cylinder 17, a plurality (three) of crankshafts 18, and a first revolving gear 19A and a second revolving gear 19B. The first carrier block 15A and the second carrier block 15B are support blocks connected to the speed reducer casing 51. The outer cylinder 17 is rotatably supported via bearings 16 on the outer peripheral side of the first carrier block 15A and the second carrier block 15B. The plurality (three) of crankshafts 18 are rotatably supported by the first carrier block 15A and the second carrier block 15B. The first revolving gear 19A and the second revolving gear 19B revolve along with two eccentric portions 18a, 18b of each crankshaft 18, respectively. The reference sign c1 in
The first carrier block 15A has a disk-like shape with a hole formed therein. The first carrier block 15A is integrally fixed to the speed reducer casing 51 by a bolt or other fasteners. The second carrier block 15B is fixed to the first carrier block 15A by a bolt or other fasteners. The second carrier block 15B includes a substrate portion 15Ba and a plurality of support columns (not shown). The substrate portion 15Ba has a disk-like shape with a hole formed therein, and the plurality of support columns extend from the end surface of the substrate portion 15Ba toward the first carrier block 15A. In the second carrier block 15B, the end surfaces of the support columns face the end surface of the first carrier block 15A, and the support columns are fixed to the first carrier block 15A. An axial gap is maintained between the first carrier block 15A and the substrate portion 15Ba of the second carrier block 15B. In this gap, there are disposed the first revolving gear 19A and the second revolving gear 19B. The first revolving gear 19A and the second revolving gear 19B have relief holes (not shown) penetrated by the support columns of the second carrier block 15B. The relief holes have sufficiently larger inner diameter than the support columns such that the support columns do not prevent the revolving operation of the first revolving gear 19A and the second revolving gear 19B.
The outer cylinder 17 extends from the outer peripheral surface of the first carrier block 15A and the outer peripheral surface of the substrate portion 15Ba of the second carrier block 15B. The axially opposite ends of the outer cylinder 17 are rotatably supported by the first carrier block 15A and the substrate portion 15Ba of the second carrier block 15B, respectively, via the bearings 16. In the inner peripheral surface of the axially middle region of the outer cylinder 17 (the region facing the outer peripheral surfaces of the first revolving gear 19A and the second revolving gear 19B), there are formed a plurality of pin grooves (not shown) extending in parallel with the rotational center axis c1. Each of the pin grooves receives an inner tooth pin 20 therein. The inner tooth pins 20 have a substantially cylindrical shape and are received in a rotatable manner. The plurality of inner tooth pins 20 attached to the inner peripheral surface of the outer cylinder 17 face the outer peripheral surfaces of the first revolving gear 19A and the second revolving gear 19B.
The first revolving gear 19A and the second revolving gear 19B have an outer diameter slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the outer cylinder 17. On the outer peripheral surfaces of the first revolving gear 19A and the second revolving gear 19B, there are formed outer teeth 19Aa, 19Ba, respectively, so as to contact in a meshing manner with the plurality of inner tooth pins 20 disposed on the inner peripheral surface of the outer cylinder 17. The respective numbers of the outer teeth 19Aa, 19Ba formed on the outer peripheral surfaces of the first revolving gear 19A and the second revolving gear 19B are slightly smaller than the number of the inner tooth pins 20 (by one, for example).
The plurality of crankshafts 18 are arranged in the same circumference centered at the rotational center axis c1 of the first carrier block 15A and the second carrier block 15B. Each of the crankshafts 18 is rotatably supported by the first carrier block 15A and the second carrier block 15B via the bearings 22. The eccentric portions 18a, 18b of each of the crankshafts 18 penetrate the first revolving gear 19A and the second revolving gear 19B, respectively. The eccentric portions 18a, 18b are rotatably engaged via eccentric portion bearings 23 with support holes 21 formed in the first revolving gear 19A and the second revolving gear 19B, respectively. The two eccentric portions 18a, 18b of each crankshaft 18 are positioned eccentrically so as to be out of phase with each other by 180° around the axis of the crankshaft 18.
When the plurality of crankshafts 18 receive an external force and rotate in one direction, the eccentric portions 18a, 18b of each crankshaft 18 revolve in the same direction at a predetermined radius, such that the first revolving gear 19A and the second revolving gear 19B revolve in the same direction at the predetermined radius. Simultaneously, the outer teeth 19Aa, 19Ba of the first revolving gear 19A and the second revolving gear 19B contact in a meshing manner with the plurality of inner tooth pins 20 retained on the inner peripheral surface of the outer cylinder 17.
In the speed reducer 10 of the embodiment, the number of the inner tooth pins 20 retained on the outer cylinder 17 is slightly larger than the respective numbers of the outer teeth 19Aa, 19Ba of the first revolving gear 19A and the second revolving gear 19B. Therefore, while the first revolving gear 19A and the second revolving gear 19B make one revolution, the outer cylinder 17 is pushed to rotate by a predetermined pitch in the same direction as the revolution of the first and second revolving gears 19A, 19B. As a result, the rotation of the crankshafts 18 is decelerated significantly and is output as the rotation of the outer cylinder 17. In the embodiment, since the eccentric portions 18a, 18b of each crankshaft 18 are positioned eccentrically so as to be out of phase with each other by 180° around the axis, the first revolving gear 19A and the second revolving gear 19B revolve out of phase with each other by 180°.
On one axial end of the outer cylinder 17, there is mounted an output plate 126 having a disk-like shape with a hole formed therein. The output plate 126 covers an end of the second carrier block 15B in a contactless manner. In the embodiment, the output plate 126 has an adapter block 27 integrally mounted thereon. In addition, the output section of the speed reducer 10, for example, the adapter block 27, is provided with a torque sensor 60 for detecting a torque acting on the output section. The torque sensor 60 is connected to the input section of the brake control device 6.
As described above, in the embodiment, the first carrier block 15A and the second carrier block 15B are fixed to the speed reducer casing 51, and the output cylinder 17 is formed as an output rotator. Conversely, it is also possible that the outer cylinder 17 is fixed to the speed reducer casing 51, and the first carrier block 15A and the second carrier block 15B are formed as output rotators.
As shown in
The inner peripheral surface 25a of the peripheral wall of the casing 25 has a circular shape and faces the outer peripheral surface of the rotary block 24. At least when a reaction force from the wheel brake unit 7 (piston 9) acts on the rotary block 24, the inner peripheral surface 25a of the peripheral wall contacts with the outer peripheral surface of the rotary block 24 and receives the reaction force from the wheel brake unit 7. In the embodiment, the inner peripheral surface 25a of the peripheral wall of the casing 25 forms a reaction force receiving surface.
In the Oldham coupling 26, a rotary torque is input from the adapter block 27 (speed reducer 10) side. The rotary torque is transmitted to the rotary block 24, while the input-side slide groove 28a and the output-side slide groove 28b of the floating block 28 remain engaged with the input-side projection 27c and the output-side projection 24c, respectively. When a large rotary reaction force acts from the rotary block 24 side, the floating block 28 slides appropriately at engagement portions on opposite sides thereof, so as to release the rotary reaction force input thereto and prevent a large load from acting on the speed reducer 10 side.
In step S100, the distance between an object (a vehicle running in front) and the vehicle 1 is determined (calculated) based on a signal from the object detecting device 4 such as a camera or a sensor. In steps S101, S102, and S103, a rotation instruction to the electric motor 8 is issued, and the appropriate following distance and the appropriate amount of braking at that time are determined (calculated). Subsequently, in step S104, a rotation instruction is issued to the electric motor 8. In step S105, the electric motor 8 rotates and its rotation is decelerated by the speed reducer 10. In step S106, the rotation decelerated by the speed reducer 10 is converted into a linear motion by the rotation-linear motion converter 11. In step S107, the linear motion produced by the rotation-linear motion converter 11 actuates the piston 9, and the wheel brake unit 7 brakes the wheel. As a result, the vehicle is decelerated. Subsequently, in step S108, the distance between the object (for example, the vehicle running in front) and the vehicle 1 (the following distance) is determined (calculated) based on a signal from the object detecting device 4 such as a camera or a sensor. In step S109, it is determined whether or not the following distance has been increased to the target distance, and when not, the control returns to step S100. When the following distance has increased to the target distance, the control proceeds to step S110, where a reverse rotation instruction is issued to the electric motor 8. In step S111, the electric motor 8 rotates in the reverse direction, and in step S112, the rotation-linear motion converter 11 operates in the reverse direction. In step S113, it is determined whether or not the value of the torque sensor 60 provided on the speed reducer 10 has returned to its initial value, and when not, the control returns to step S110. When it is determined in step S113 that the value of the torque sensor 60 has returned to its initial value, the control ends the above processing.
As described above, the brake device 2 according to the embodiment includes: the electric motor 8; the speed reducer 10 for decelerating the rotation of the electric motor 8; the rotation-linear motion converter 11 for converting the rotational output of the speed reducer 10 into a linear motion; the piston 9 for transmitting the linear motion produced by the rotation-linear motion converter 11 to the wheel brake unit 7; and the wheel brake unit 7 for braking the wheel in response to the operation of the piston 9. Therefore, the brake device 2 of the embodiment can operate the wheel brake unit 7 accurately and rapidly by the power of the electric motor 8 and the deceleration performed by the speed reducer 10.
In the brake device 2 of the embodiment, the rotation-linear motion converter 11 includes the rotary block 24 and the casing 25 that houses the rotary block 24 in a rotatable manner. Further, the rotary block 24 is connected to the output section side of the speed reducer 10, and the casing 25 retains the piston 9 that moves forward and backward in the direction substantially perpendicular to the rotational center axis c2 of the rotary block 24. In addition, the rotary block 24 includes the cam block portion 24b (flat surface 24b−1) that moves the piston 9 forward and backward at the position spaced from the rotational center axis c2. Therefore, in spite of its extremely simple structure, the rotation-linear motion converter 11 used in the brake device 2 of the embodiment is capable of converting the rotation of the speed reducer 10 into the forward and backward movement of the piston 9 substantially perpendicular to the axis of the speed reducer 10.
Further, in the rotation-linear motion converter 11 used in the brake device 2 of the embodiment, the inner peripheral surface 25a of the casing 25 is capable of contacting with the outer peripheral surface of the rotary block 24. In addition, when a reaction force acts from the wheel brake unit 7 onto the rotary block 24 via the piston 9, the reaction force can be received by the inner peripheral surface 25a of the casing 25. Accordingly, this arrangement makes it possible to prevent tilting or deformation of the rotary block 24 due to the reaction force from the wheel brake unit 7.
In the brake device 2 of the embodiment, the rotary block 24 of the rotation-linear motion converter 11 and the output section (adapter block 27) of the speed reducer 10 are connected together via the Oldham coupling 26. Therefore, when a large reaction force acts from the wheel brake unit onto the piston 9, the intermediate piece of the Oldham coupling 26, or the floating block 28, slides to prevent the large reaction force from acting on the speed reducer 10 side. Accordingly, this arrangement makes it possible to downsize the bearings on the speed reducer 10 side.
The speed reducer 10 used in the brake device 2 of the embodiment includes the first and second carrier blocks 15A, 15B, the crankshafts 18, the first and second revolving gears 19A, 19B, and the outer cylinder 17, and the first and second carrier blocks 15A, 15B are connected to the speed reducer casing 51, and the outer cylinder 17 serves as an output rotator. The rotation of the electric motor 8 is transmitted to the crankshafts 18, and the eccentric portions 18a, 18b of each crankshaft 18 are rotatably engaged with the first and second revolving gears 19A, 19B. The first and second revolving gears 19A, 19B have the outer teeth 19Aa, 19Ba provided thereon, and the outer cylinder 17 has the inner tooth pins 20 on the inner peripheral surface thereof. The number of the inner tooth pins 20 is larger than the respective numbers of the outer teeth 19Aa, 19Ba. Therefore, the speed reducer 10 can decelerate the rotation of the electric motor 8 accurately and rapidly and transmit it to the rotation-linear motion converter 11.
The brake control system 100 of the embodiment includes the brake device 2, the object detecting device 4, the vehicle speed sensing device 5, and the brake control device 6. The object detecting device 4 detects an object outside the vehicle 1. The vehicle speed sensing device 5 senses the running speed of the vehicle 1. The brake control device 6 receives signals from the object detecting device 4 and the vehicle speed sensing device 5 and controls the electric motor 8 of the brake device 2 in accordance with the distance between the vehicle 1 and the object outside the vehicle 1 and the speed of the vehicle 1. Therefore, in the brake control system 100 of the embodiment, the brake control device 6 controls the electric motor 8 of the brake device 2 in accordance with the distance between the vehicle 1 and the object outside the vehicle 1 and the speed of the vehicle 1, thereby appropriately maintaining the distance between the vehicle 1 and the object outside the vehicle 1.
In particular, the brake device 2 used in the brake control system 100 of the embodiment can operate the wheel brake unit 7 accurately and rapidly by the power of the electric motor 8 and the deceleration performed by the speed reducer 10, as described above. Accordingly, the brake control system 100 of the embodiment can rapidly modify the distance between the vehicle 1 and the object outside the vehicle 1 so as to approach the target distance.
The brake control device 106 of the second embodiment includes a motor rotation calculating unit 70 and a wear determination unit 71. The motor rotation calculating unit 70 calculates the angle of rotation of the electric motor with respect to its initial position in braking. The wear determination unit 71 determines whether or not the amount of wear of the brake pads has exceeded the prescribed level based on the calculation result of the motor rotation calculating unit 70. In addition, an alert unit 72 is provided in the vehicle interior to inform the driver by lighting or other means when the wear determination unit 71 determined that the amount of wear of the brake pads has exceeded the prescribed level.
For example, when the brake device operates, the motor rotation calculating unit 70 calculates the angle of rotation of the electric motor made during the period from the time when the piston first contacts with a brake pad to the time when the brake pads press against the brake disk. More specifically, for example, the motor rotation calculating unit 70 senses the timing at which the piston first contacts with the brake pad and the timing at which the brake pads press against the brake disk based on the sensing result of the torque sensor 60 provided on the speed reducer or others, and then the motor rotation calculating unit 70 calculates the angle of rotation of the electric motor made between the two timings. The angle of rotation of the electric motor can be calculated based on the electric current supplied to the electric motor or other criteria.
The wear determination unit 71 previously stores a reference value of the angle of rotation on a storage thereof. The reference value is obtained in the same manner as described above using unworn brake pads, by calculating the angle of rotation of the electric motor made during the period from the time when the piston first contacts with the brake pad to the time when the brake pads press against the brake disk. The wear determination unit 71 compares the above angle of rotation of the electric motor in actual braking operation of the brake device to the reference value, and when the difference between the two is at or above a prescribed value, the wear determination unit 71 determines that the brake pads are worn.
In step S200 of
As described above, the brake device and the brake control system of the embodiment, which are basically configured in the same manner as in the first embodiment, can provide the same advantageous effects as the first embodiment. In the brake control system of the embodiment, the brake control device 6 includes the motor rotation calculating unit 70 and the wear determination unit 71. The motor rotation calculating unit 70 calculates the amount of rotation of the electric motor from the initial position to the braking position thereof. The wear determination unit 71 determines whether or not the brake pads are worn based on the calculation result of the motor rotation calculating unit 70. Therefore, the brake control system of the embodiment makes it possible to replace the brake pads at appropriate timings.
In particular, the brake control system of the embodiment includes the alert unit 72 that gives an alert when the wear determination unit 71 determines that the brake pads are worn to the prescribed level or more. Therefore, it is possible to inform the driver of the appropriate timing of replacing the brake pads.
The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and various modifications can be made within the scope of the present invention. In the above embodiments, the rotation-linear motion converter 11 includes the rotary block 24 and the casing 25. The rotary block 24 includes the cam mechanism, and the casing 25 houses the rotary block 24 in a rotatable manner and retains the piston 9 such that the piston 9 is movable forward and backward. The rotation-linear motion converter is not limited to this configuration but may be formed of, for example, a rack-pinion mechanism.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2019-085852 | Apr 2019 | JP | national |
