Patent Grant
9597204
This present application relates generally to prostheses and surgical methods, and specifically to tubular prostheses, including endovascular stent-grafts, and surgical techniques for using the prostheses to maintain patency of body passages such as blood vessels, and treating aneurysms.
Endovascular prostheses are sometimes used to treat aortic aneurysms. Such treatment includes implanting a stent or stent-graft within the diseased vessel to bypass the anomaly. An aneurysm is a sac formed by the dilation of the wall of the artery. Aneurysms may be congenital, but are usually caused by disease or, occasionally, by trauma. Aortic aneurysms which commonly form between the renal arteries and the iliac arteries are referred to as abdominal aortic aneurysms (“AAAs”). Other aneurysms occur in the aorta, such as thoracic aortic aneurysms (“TAAs”), which may occur in one or more of the descending aorta, the ascending aorta, and the aortic arch.
Stent-grafts sometimes are implanted in patients having aneurysms close to or crossing branch openings to renal arteries or other branch arteries (e.g., the celiac artery, suprarenal artery, or superior or interior mesenteric arteries). Such stent-grafts have lateral openings avoid impairing blood flow from the aorta to these branching arteries from the aorta.
Some applications of the present invention provide a main endovascular stent-graft, which comprises a generally tubular hourglass-shaped body, which is shaped so as to define a narrow waist portion longitudinally surrounded and adjacent to wider first and second longitudinal portions. Fabric of a fluid flow guide of the stent-graft along the waist portion is shaped so as to define at least first and second lateral apertures. The lateral apertures are configured for coupling to branching stent-grafts.
The axial and circumferential locations of the ostia of arteries that branch from the aorta vary substantially from patient to patient. Among these arteries, those that may not be occluded by an aortic stent-graft include the left and right renal arteries, the celiac artery, and the superior mesenteric artery (SMA). The hourglass shape of the main stent-graft enables the main stent-graft to accommodate this varying anatomy, without requiring customization of the main stent-graft for each patient to align the lateral apertures with the patient's ostia. Branching stent-grafts are coupled to the lateral apertures after the main stent-graft has been deployed in the aorta. The hourglass shape provides space between the lateral apertures and the ostia, in which space the surgeon can manipulate the branching stent-grafts in order to accommodate any axial or circumferential misalignment between the lateral apertures and the ostia. Typically, the hourglass shape enables the main stent-graft to accommodate up to about 1 cm in axial misalignment between the lateral apertures and the respective ostia of the branching vessels.
Each of the branching stent-grafts is shaped so as to define an interface portion near a first end thereof. When the branching stent-graft is in the radially-expanded deployment configuration, the interface portion is shaped so as to define a stricture, i.e., a narrow portion, on either longitudinal side of which the branching stent-graft is wider. The stricture is sized and shaped to be placed within, and securely interface with, one of the first and second lateral apertures of the main stent-graft, so as to form a blood-tight seal with the perimeter of the lateral aperture. Each of the branching stent-grafts comprises structural stent elements that help define the stricture, and thus provide a solid structural interface with the lateral aperture, as well as some tolerance to deployment positioning errors by the operators, as the slopes on each side of the stricture tend to centralize the narrowest portion of the stricture at a plane similar to that of the lateral apertures. When the branching stent-graft is in the radially-expanded deployment configuration, a portion of the structural stent elements of the interface portion extends beyond the stricture toward the first end of the branching stent-graft, and radially outward, in order to provide good coupling of the interface portion with one of the first and second lateral apertures of the main stent-graft.
When coupled to one of the lateral apertures, the interface portion typically extends radially inward into the lumen of the main stent-graft only slightly, such as by no more than 5 mm, e.g., between 2 and 5 mm, such that the interface portion does not substantially interfere with blood flow through the lumen. Such non-interference with blood flow allows the main stent-graft to have the narrower waist portion, and yet still provide sufficient blood flow through the lumen of this narrower portion, which would not be possible if the interface portions of two or three branching stent-grafts extended too far into the lumen of the main stent-graft.
There is therefore provided, in accordance with an application of the present invention, apparatus including an endovascular stent-graft, which includes a generally tubular hourglass-shaped body, which body (a) is configured to assume a radially-compressed delivery configuration and a radially-expanded deployment configuration, and (b) includes:
a flexible stent member, which includes a plurality of structural stent elements; and
a tubular fluid flow guide, which includes a fabric, and is attached to the structural stent elements,
wherein the hourglass-shaped body is shaped so as to define a narrow waist portion longitudinally surrounded by and adjacent to wider first and second longitudinal portions, and
wherein the fabric along the waist portion is shaped so as to define at least first and second lateral apertures.
For some applications, the first and the second lateral apertures are disposed such that an arc angle around a central longitudinal axis of the body between respective centers of the first and the second lateral apertures is between 120 and 180 degrees when the body is in the radially-expanded deployment configuration.
For some applications, the narrow waist portion, first longitudinal portion, and second longitudinal portion, when the hourglass-shaped body is in the radially-expanded deployment configuration, have waist, first, and second average diameters, respectively, which waist average diameter equals between 60% and 90% of the lesser of the first and the second average diameters.
For some applications, when the hourglass-shaped body is in the radially-expanded deployment configuration, a smallest diameter of the waist portion is no more than 90% of the lesser of (a) a greatest diameter of the first longitudinal portion and (b) a greatest diameter of the second longitudinal portion.
For some applications, when the hourglass-shaped body is in the radially-expanded deployment configuration:
the narrow waist portion has coronal and sagittal waist diameters, and an average waist diameter thereof,
the first longitudinal portion has coronal and sagittal first diameters, and an average first diameter thereof,
the second longitudinal portion has coronal and sagittal second diameters, and an average second diameter thereof,
wherein the average waist diameter equals between 60% and 90% of the lesser of the average first diameter and the average second diameter.
For some applications, the narrow waist portion, first longitudinal portion, and second longitudinal portion, when the hourglass-shaped body is in the radially-expanded deployment configuration, have waist, first, and second average perimeters, respectively, which waist average perimeter equals between 60% and 90% of the lesser of the first and the second average perimeters.
For some applications, when the hourglass-shaped body is in the radially-expanded deployment configuration, a smallest perimeter of the waist portion is no more than 90% of the lesser of (a) a greatest perimeter of the first longitudinal portion and (b) a greatest perimeter of the second longitudinal portion.
For some applications, one or more of the structural stent elements are attached to the fabric along at least a portion of the waist portion, and are shaped so as to define the first and the second lateral apertures, respectively, when the hourglass-shaped body is in the radially-expanded deployment configuration.
For some applications, the waist portion, first longitudinal portion, and the second longitudinal portion have respective longitudinal lengths, each of which lengths is at least 10 mm.
For some applications, one or more first ones of the structural stent elements are attached to the fabric along at least a portion of the first longitudinal portion, one or more second ones of the structural stent elements are attached to the fabric along at least a portion of the waist portion, and one or more third ones of the structural stent elements are attached to the fabric along at least a portion of the second longitudinal portion. For some applications, none of the one or more first structural stent elements is in direct contact with any of the one or more second structural stent elements when the hourglass-shaped body is in the radially-expanded deployment configuration. Alternatively or additionally, for some applications, none of the one or more third structural stent elements is in direct contact with any of the one or more second structural stent elements when the hourglass-shaped body is in the radially-expanded deployment configuration.
For some applications, an axial distance between the respective centers of the first and the second lateral apertures, measured along the central longitudinal axis of the hourglass-shaped body, is no more than 2 cm.
For some applications, fabric along the first portion is shaped so as to define a superior aperture. For some applications, the superior aperture is disposed so as to define a superior aperture arc angle around the central longitudinal axis between (a) a center of the superior aperture and (b) a midpoint of an arc angle between respective centers of the first and the second lateral apertures, the superior aperture arc angle being less than 60 degrees when the hourglass-shaped body is in the radially-expanded deployment configuration. For some applications, a perimeter of the superior aperture is between 18 and 35 mm.
For some applications, the structural stent elements include first and second structural stent elements, which are attached to the fabric along at least a portion of the waist portion, and are shaped so as to define the first and the second lateral apertures, respectively, when the hourglass-shaped body is in the radially-expanded deployment configuration. For some applications, the first and the second structural stent elements do not circumferentially overlap when the hourglass-shaped body is in the radially-expanded deployment configuration. For some applications, the first and second structural stent elements are shaped so as define respective closed-cell orifices characterized by respective centers, and the centers generally coincide with the centers of the first and the second lateral apertures, respectively, when the hourglass-shaped body is in the radially-expanded deployment configuration. For some applications, each of the first and the second structural stent elements circumscribes an arc angle of between 50 and 170 degrees, when the hourglass-shaped body is in the radially-expanded deployment configuration. For some applications, the first and the second structural stent elements are not in direct contact with each other when the hourglass-shaped body is in the radially-expanded deployment configuration. For some applications, the first and the second structural stent elements are axially separated therebetween when the hourglass-shaped body is in the radially-expanded deployment configuration. For some applications, the first and the second structural stent elements circumferentially and/or axially overlap when the hourglass-shaped body is in the radially-expanded deployment configuration.
For some applications, the first structural stent element is shaped substantially as an axial inversion of the second structural stent element when the hourglass-shaped body is in the radially-expanded deployment configuration. For some applications, the first and the second structural stent elements are shaped so as to define respective trapezoids when the hourglass-shaped body is in the radially-expanded deployment configuration. For example, the trapezoids may be right trapezoids. For some applications, the first and the second structural stent elements are shaped so as to define right triangles when the hourglass-shaped body is in the radially-expanded deployment configuration.
For some applications, the apparatus further includes at least first and second generally tubular branching stent-grafts, which are shaped so as to define respective interface portions that are configured to be coupled to the first and the second lateral apertures, respectively. For some applications, the first and the second branching stent grafts are self-expandable from respective branching radially-compressed delivery configurations to respective branching radially-expanded deployment configurations.
For some applications, the first branching stent-graft includes:
a flexible branching stent member, which includes a plurality of branching structural stent elements; and
a tubular branching fluid flow guide, which includes a branching fabric, and is attached to the branching structural stent elements,
wherein, when the first branching stent-graft is in the branching radial-expanded deployment configuration, the branching structural stent elements are shaped so as to define a stricture near a first end of the first branching stent-graft, which stricture is sized to be securely coupled to the first lateral aperture of the main stent-graft.
For some applications, the stricture is positioned within 5 mm of the first end of the first branching stent-graft. For some applications, the branching fabric covers, and is securely attached to, the branching structural stent elements that extend beyond the stricture toward an end of the first branching stent-graft that is coupled to the first lateral aperture, when the first branching stent-graft is in the branching radial-expanded deployment configuration. For some applications, one or more of the branching structural stent elements define the stricture. For some applications, a diameter of the branching structural stent elements adjacently distal the stricture is at least 5% greater than a diameter of the branching fabric at the same longitudinal location along the branching stent graft, when the first branching stent-graft is in the branching radially-expanded deployment configuration.
For some applications, the interface portion of the first branching stent-graft is at a first end of the first stent-graft, and a diameter of the first branching stent graft generally monotonously does not decrease from a second end of the first stent-graft to the first end of the first stent-graft. For some applications, the diameter of the first branching stent-graft at the first end thereof is at least 20% greater than the diameter of the first branching stent-graft at the second end thereof.
For some applications, the apparatus further includes an endovascular angioplasty balloon including a proximal lobe and a distal lobe and a radiopaque marker positioned therebetween, and the proximal and distal lobes of the balloon are sized to be expandable to at least 10% greater than a greater of (a) a diameter the first lateral aperture and (b) a diameter of the second lateral aperture.
For some applications, the apparatus further includes at least another stent-graft, and the main stent-graft and the other stent-graft are longitudinally coupled together to so as to form a substantially blood impervious seal. For some applications, the second longitudinal portion of the main stent-graft is positioned inside the other stent-graft. Alternatively, the other stent-graft is positioned inside the second longitudinal portion of the main stent-graft. For some applications, the other stent-graft includes an additional endovascular system shaped so as to define one blood entry lumen and at least two blood exit lumens, and the blood entry lumen is coupled with the second longitudinal portion of main stent-graft.
For some applications, the waist portion is configured to assume an intermediate deployment configuration, in which configuration the second average diameter is at least 10% less than when the hourglass-shaped body is in the radially-expanded deployment configuration. For some applications, the apparatus further includes a releasable latching mechanism, which is configured to assume a latched state in which the mechanism confines the structural stent elements of the waist portion in the intermediate deployment configuration. For some applications, the releasable latching mechanism is configured to effect a transition of the waist portion from the intermediate deployment configuration to the radially-expanded deployment configuration upon a triggering event. For some applications, the triggering event is an exertion of outward radial pressure inside the waist portion. For some applications, the releasable latching mechanism includes a longitudinal latching shaft that passes along at least a portion of the central longitudinal axis, and the triggering event is a generally axial translation of the longitudinal latching shaft. For some applications, the releasable latching mechanism includes a longitudinal latching shaft that passes along at least a portion of the central longitudinal axis, and the triggering event is a generally rotational translation of the longitudinal latching shaft.
For some applications, the fabric along the first longitudinal portion is shaped so as to define at least one superior scallop, the superior scallop being characterized by a width and a height, when the hourglass-shaped body is in the radially-expanded deployment configuration. For some applications, the superior scallop is disposed so as to define a superior scallop arc angle around the central longitudinal axis between (a) a center of the superior scallop and (b) a midpoint of an arc angle between respective centers of the first and the second lateral apertures, the superior scallop arc angle being less than 60 degrees when the hourglass-shaped body is in the radially-expanded deployment configuration. For some applications, the width of superior scallop is between 5 and 12 mm. Alternatively or additionally, for some applications, the height of superior scallop is between 5 and 25 mm.
For some applications, the hourglass-shaped body has an elliptical cross-section perpendicular to the central longitudinal axis of the hourglass-shaped body, when the hourglass-shaped body is in the radially-expanded deployment configuration. For some applications, the elliptical cross-section is circular when the hourglass-shaped body is in the radially-expanded deployment configuration.
For some applications, the second portion is shaped so as to define a constant diameter cylinder when the hourglass-shaped body is in the radially-expanded deployment configuration.
For some applications, the second portion is shaped so as to define a radially concave tube when the hourglass-shaped body is in the radially-expanded deployment configuration.
For some applications, the second portion is shaped so as to define an inward trapezoid when the hourglass-shaped body is in the radially-expanded deployment configuration.
For some applications, the first average diameter is between 25 and 40 mm.
For some applications, the second average diameter is between 20 and 35 mm.
For some applications, the waist diameter is between 15 and 30 mm.
For some applications, a diameter of each of the lateral apertures is between 6 and 15 mm.
For some applications, a ratio between an average diameter of the second longitudinal portion and a diameter of each of the lateral apertures is between 1.3 and 6.
For some applications, a ratio between an average diameter of the first longitudinal portion and a diameter of each of the lateral apertures is between 1.5 and 7.
For some applications, a ratio between an average diameter of the waist portion and a diameter of each of the lateral apertures is between 1 and 5.
For some applications, the structural stent elements include a metal. For some applications, the metal includes a superelastic alloy. For some applications, the metal includes a shape memory alloy.
There is further provided, in accordance with an application of the present invention, apparatus including an endovascular stent-graft, which includes a generally tubular body, which body (a) is configured to assume a radially-compressed delivery configuration and a radially-expanded deployment configuration, and (b) includes:
a flexible stent member, which includes a plurality of structural stent elements, which include:
a tubular fluid flow guide, which includes a fabric, and is attached to the structural stent elements,
wherein the fabric and the one or more radiopaque wires are shaped so as to together define one or more lateral apertures through the body.
For some applications, the second structural stent elements include a metal selected from the group consisting of: Nitinol, stainless steel, and cobalt chromium. Alternatively or additionally, for some applications, the one or more radiopaque wires include a metal selected from the group consisting of: tungsten, gold, titanium, and iridium.
For some applications, a collective mass of the second structural stent elements equals at least 10 times a collective mass of the one or more radiopaque wires.
There is still further provided, in accordance with an application of the present invention, a method including:
providing an endovascular stent-graft, which includes a generally tubular hourglass-shaped body, which includes (a) a flexible stent member, which includes a plurality of structural stent elements, and (b) a tubular fluid flow guide, which includes a fabric, and is attached to the structural stent elements;
transvascularly introducing the stent-graft into a blood vessel of a human subject while the body is in a radially-compressed delivery configuration; and
thereafter, transitioning the body to a radially-expanded deployment configuration in the blood vessel, in which configuration the hourglass-shaped body is shaped so as to define a narrow waist portion longitudinally surrounded by and adjacent to wider first and second longitudinal portions, and the fabric along the second portion is shaped so as to define at least first and second lateral apertures.
For some applications, the method further includes, after transitioning the body to the radially-expanded deployment configuration, transvascularly introducing at least first and second generally tubular branching stent-grafts into vasculature of the subject, and coupling interface portions of the first and second branching stent-grafts to the first and the second lateral apertures, respectively.
For some applications, coupling the interface portion of the first branching stent-graft to the first lateral aperture includes coupling the interface portion of the first branching stent-graft to the first lateral aperture such that the interface portion extends radially inward into a lumen of the main stent-graft by no more than 5 mm.
For some applications, transvascularly introducing the first branching stent-graft includes:
introducing a guidewire through one end of the main stent-graft, out of the first lateral aperture, and into a branching blood vessel that branches from the blood vessel, while the first branching stent-graft is in a radially-compressed delivery configuration; and
introducing the first branching stent-graft over the guidewire, through the first lateral aperture, and into the branching blood vessel.
For some applications, the first and the second lateral apertures are disposed such that an arc angle around a central longitudinal axis of the body between respective centers of the first and the second lateral apertures is between 120 and 180 degrees when the body is in the radially-expanded deployment configuration.
For some applications, the narrow waist portion, first longitudinal portion, and second longitudinal portion, when the hourglass-shaped body is in the radially-expanded deployment configuration, have waist, first, and second average diameters, respectively, which waist average diameter equals between 60% and 90% of the lesser of the first and the second average diameters.
For some applications, when the hourglass-shaped body is in the radially-expanded deployment configuration, a smallest diameter of the waist portion is no more than 90% of the lesser of (a) a greatest diameter of the first longitudinal portion and (b) a greatest diameter of the second longitudinal portion.
For some applications, when the hourglass-shaped body is in the radially-expanded deployment configuration:
the narrow waist portion has coronal and sagittal waist diameters, and an average waist diameter thereof,
the first longitudinal portion has coronal and sagittal first diameters, and an average first diameter thereof,
the second longitudinal portion has coronal and sagittal second diameters, and an average second diameter thereof,
wherein the average waist diameter equals between 60% and 90% of the lesser of the average first diameter and the average second diameter.
For some applications, one or more of the structural stent elements are attached to the fabric along at least a portion of the waist portion, and are shaped so as to define the first and the second lateral apertures, respectively, when the hourglass-shaped body is in the radially-expanded deployment configuration.
There is additionally provided, in accordance with an application of the present invention, a method including:
providing an endovascular stent-graft, which includes a generally tubular body, which includes (a) a flexible stent member, which includes a plurality of structural stent elements, which include (i) one or more first structural stent elements that include one or more respective radiopaque wires, and (ii) one or more second structural stent elements that are less radiopaque than the radiopaque wires, and (b) a tubular fluid flow guide, which includes a fabric, and is attached to the structural stent elements;
transvascularly introducing the stent-graft into a blood vessel of a human subject while the body is in a radially-compressed delivery configuration; and
thereafter, transitioning the body to a radially-expanded deployment configuration in the blood vessel, in which configuration the fabric and the one or more radiopaque wires are shaped so as to together define one or more lateral apertures through the body.
For some applications, the second structural stent elements include a metal selected from the group consisting of: Nitinol, stainless steel, and cobalt chromium. Alternatively or additionally, for some applications, the one or more radiopaque wires include a metal selected from the group consisting of: tungsten, gold, titanium, and iridium.
For some applications, a collective mass of the second structural stent elements equals at least 10 times a collective mass of the one or more radiopaque wires.
The present invention will be more fully understood from the following detailed description of applications thereof, taken together with the drawings, in which:
Some applications of the present invention provide a main endovascular stent-graft 10.
Main stent-graft 20 comprises a tubular fluid flow guide 24, and a flexible stent member 26, which comprises a plurality of structural stent elements 28. Fluid flow guide 24 is attached to structural stent elements 28, such as by suturing or stitching. Typically, each of stent elements 28 is shaped so as to define a plurality of stent cells. Structural stent elements 28 may be attached to an internal surface and/or an external surface of the fluid flow guide. Optionally, a portion of the structural stent elements may be attached (e.g., sutured) to the internal surface, and another portion to the external surface. For some applications, structural stent elements 28 comprise a metal. Alternatively or additionally, the structural stent elements comprise a self-expanding material, such that main stent-graft 20 is self-expandable. Alternatively or additionally, the structural stent elements comprise a superelastic metal alloy, a shape memory metallic alloy, and/or Nitinol. For some applications, the main stent-graft is heat-set to assume the radially-expanded configuration.
Fluid flow guide 24 comprises at least one piece of biologically-compatible substantially blood-impervious fabric 29. The fabric may comprise, for example, a polyester, a polyethylene (e.g., a poly-ethylene-terephthalate), a polymeric film material (e.g., polytetrafluoroethylene), a polymeric textile material (e.g., woven polyethylene terephthalate (PET)), natural tissue graft (e.g., saphenous vein or collagen), or a combination thereof.
Hourglass-shaped body 22 is shaped so as to define a narrow waist portion 32 longitudinally surrounded and adjacent to wider first and second longitudinal portions 30 and 34; waist portion 32 is longitudinally between and adjacent first and second portions 30 and 34. Waist portion 32, first longitudinal portion 30, and second longitudinal portion 34, when hourglass-shaped body 22 is in the radially-expanded deployment configuration, have:
Typically, the diameters and perimeters of the first and second longitudinal portions vary at least partially therealong. Optionally, the diameter and perimeter of the waist portion vary at least partially therealong. As used in the present application, including in the claims, an “average” diameter or perimeter of a longitudinal portion means the average of the diameters or perimeters along the portion.
Typically, one or more first ones 28A of structural stent elements 28 are attached to fabric 29 along at least a portion of first longitudinal portion 30, one or more second ones 28B of structural stent elements 28 are attached to fabric 29 along at least a portion of waist portion 32, and one or more third ones 28C of structural stent elements 28 are attached to fabric 29 along at least a portion of second longitudinal portion 34. For some applications, none of the one or more first structural stent elements 28A is in direct contact with any of the one or more second structural stent elements 28B when hourglass-shaped body 22 is in the radially-expanded deployment configuration. Alternatively or additionally, for some applications, none of the one or more third structural stent elements 28C is in direct contact with any of the one or more second structural stent elements 28B when hourglass-shaped body 22 is in the radially-expanded deployment configuration. Alternatively or additionally, the one or more first structural stent elements are axially distant from the one or more second structural stent elements 28B when hourglass-shaped body 22 is in the radially-expanded deployment configuration. Alternatively or additionally, the one or more third structural stent elements are axially distant from the one or more second structural stent elements 28B when hourglass-shaped body 22 is in the radially-expanded deployment configuration.
For some applications, hourglass-shaped body 22 has an elliptical, e.g., circular, cross-section perpendicular to central longitudinal axis 44, when hourglass-shaped body 22 is in the radially-expanded deployment configuration. For some applications, first longitudinal portion 30 has an elliptical, e.g., circular, cross-section perpendicular to central longitudinal axis 44, when hourglass-shaped body 22 is in the radially-expanded deployment configuration. For some applications, first longitudinal portion 30 is shaped so as to define an outflaring at at least one of its ends, typically at its first (superior) end, which outflaring may increase radial strength and hence improving apposition with the landing zone upon the healthy region in the artery and inhibit migration of the prosthesis. For some applications, waist portion 32 has an elliptical, e.g., circular, cross-section perpendicular to central longitudinal axis 44, when hourglass-shaped body 22 is in the radially-expanded deployment configuration. For some applications, waist portion 32 is shaped so as to define an outflaring at at least one of its ends. For some applications, waist portion 32 has an elliptical cross-section having a larger diameter in the sagittal plane and a smaller diameter in the coronal plane. For some applications, second portion 34 has an elliptical, e.g., circular, cross-section perpendicular to central longitudinal axis 44, when hourglass-shaped body 22 is in the radially-expanded deployment configuration. For some applications, second longitudinal portion 34 is shaped so as to define an outflaring at at least one of its ends.
For some applications, waist portion 32 is shaped so as to define a constant diameter cylinder when the hourglass-shaped body is in the radially-expanded deployment configuration. Alternatively, for some applications, the waist portion is shaped so as to define a radially concave tube when the hourglass-shaped body is in the radially-expanded deployment configuration. Further alternatively, for some applications, contoured such that it has a groove having the shape of an inward facing trapezoid (wherein the smaller base is more medial and the larger base constitutes a continuum with one of the larger diameters, of either the first or the second portion), when the hourglass-shaped body is in the radially-expanded deployment configuration.
Fabric 29 along waist portion 32 is shaped so as to define at least first and second lateral apertures 36 and 38. In addition, typically one or more of structural stent elements 28 attached to fabric 29 along at least a portion of waist portion 32 are shaped so as to define first and second lateral apertures 36 and 38, respectively (i.e., to define respective borders of the apertures), when hourglass-shaped body 22 is in the radially-expanded deployment configuration, in order to provide structure to the borders and thus good fixation with branching stent-grafts, as described hereinbelow. Typically, one of structural stent elements 28 (e.g., a stent cell thereof) also defines first lateral aperture 36, and one of structural stent elements 28 (e.g., a stent cell thereof) also defines second lateral aperture 38. These lateral apertures are configured for coupling to branching stent-grafts, such as described hereinbelow with reference to
For some applications, each of first and second lateral apertures 36 and 38 has a perimeter (which is a circumference if the apertures are elliptical, e.g., circular) of at least 12 mm, no more than 150 mm, and/or between 12 and 150 mm. For some applications, each of first and second lateral apertures 36 and 38 has a diameter of at least 6 mm, no more than 15 mm, and/or between 6 and 15 mm. For some applications, each of first and second lateral apertures 36 and 38 has an axial diameter DA, measured along central longitudinal axis 44, of at least 4 mm, no more than 12 mm, and/or between 4 and 12 mm, and/or a circumferential diameter DC, measured around central longitudinal axis 44, of at least 4 mm, no more than 12 mm, and/or between 4 and 12 mm. For some applications, a ratio between the second average diameter and the diameter of each of the lateral apertures is between 1.3 and 6. For some applications, a ratio between the first average diameter and the diameter of each of the lateral apertures is between 1.5 and 7. For some applications, a ratio between the waist average diameter and the diameter of each of the lateral apertures is between 1 and 5.
For some applications, the first average diameter is at least 25 mm, no more than 40 mm, and/or between 25 and 40 mm. For some applications, a greatest diameter of first longitudinal portion 30, which may occur at a first end 50 of hourglass-shaped body 22, as well as at other longitudinal locations along the first portion, is at least 30 mm, no more than 45 mm, and/or between 30 and 45 mm. For some applications, the first average perimeter is at least 78 mm, no more than 125 mm, and/or between 78 and 125 mm. For some applications, a greatest perimeter of first longitudinal portion 30, which may occur at a first end 50 of hourglass-shaped body 22, as well as at other longitudinal locations along the first portion, is at least 94 mm, no more than 141 mm, and/or between 94 and 141 mm.
For some applications, the waist average diameter is at least 15 mm, no more than 30 mm, and/or between 15 and 30 mm. For some applications, a greatest diameter of waist portion 32 is at least 20 mm, no more than 35 mm, and/or between 20 and 35 mm. For some applications, a smallest diameter of waist portion 32 is at least 13 mm, no more than 25 mm, and/or between 13 and 25 mm. For some applications, the waist average perimeter is at least 47 mm, no more than 94 mm, and/or between 47 and 94 mm. For some applications, a greatest perimeter of waist portion 32 is at least 63 mm, no more than 110 mm, and/or between 63 and 110 mm. For some applications, a smallest perimeter of waist portion 32 is at least 41 mm, no more than 78 mm, and/or between 41 and 78 mm.
For some applications, the second average diameter is at least 20 mm, no more than 35 mm, and/or between 20 and 35 mm. For some applications, a greatest diameter of second longitudinal portion 34, which may occur at a second end 52 of hourglass-shaped body 22, as well as at other longitudinal locations along the second longitudinal portion, is at least 25 mm, no more than 40 mm, and/or between 25 and 40 mm. For some applications, the second average perimeter is at least 63 mm, no more than 110 mm, and/or between 63 and 110 mm. For some applications, a greatest perimeter of second longitudinal portion 34, which may occur at a second end 52 of hourglass-shaped body 22, as well as at other longitudinal locations along the second portion, is at least 78 mm, no more than 125 mm, and/or between 78 and 125 mm.
Hourglass-shaped body 22 is hourglass-shaped; in other words, waist portion 32 is narrower than first and second longitudinal portions 30 and 34. Typically:
For some applications, when hourglass-shaped body 22 is in the radially-expanded deployment configuration, (a) narrow waist portion 32 has coronal and sagittal waist diameters, and an average waist diameter thereof, (b) first longitudinal portion 30 has coronal and sagittal first diameters, and an average first diameter thereof, (c) second longitudinal portion 34 has coronal and sagittal second diameters, and an average second diameter thereof, and (d) the average waist diameter equals at least 60% of, no more than 90% of, and/or between 60% and 90% of the lesser of the average first diameter and the average second diameter.
The axial and circumferential locations of the ostia of arteries that branch from the aorta vary substantially from patient to patient. These arteries include the left and right renal arteries, the celiac artery, and the superior mesenteric artery (SMA). The hourglass shape of main stent-graft 20 enables the main stent-graft to accommodate this varying anatomy, without requiring customization of the main stent-graft for each patient to align the lateral apertures with the patient's ostia. As described hereinbelow with reference to
First, waist, and second longitudinal portions 30, 32, and 34 have respective longitudinal lengths L1, L2, and L3. Typically, each of these lengths is at least 20 mm. For some applications, L1 is at least 15 mm, no more than 50 mm, and/or between 15 and 50 mm, L2 is at least 20 mm, no more than 70 mm, and/or between 20 and 70 mm, and L3 is at least 10 mm, no more than 100 mm, and/or between 10 and 100 mm.
For some applications, the one or more second structural stent elements 28B of waist portion 32 comprise first and second stent elements 60A and 60B, which are shaped so as to define first and second lateral apertures 36 and 38, respectively, when hourglass-shaped body 22 is in the radially-expanded deployment configuration. In general, the smaller (e.g., shorter) the metal stent elements (i.e., struts) are, the less likely they are to fracture. Therefore, providing two separate stent elements 60A and 60B provides columnar support similar to that provided by a single stent element, with an average of ½ to ⅔ of the length the stent elements would have if provided as a single stent element shaped as to provide both the first and the second lateral apertures. For some applications, when hourglass-shaped body 22 is in the radially-expanded deployment configuration, a stent cell of stent element 60A defines first lateral aperture 36, and a stent cell of stent element 60B defines first lateral aperture 38. For some applications, stent elements 60A and 60B are shaped so as define respective closed-cell orifices characterized by respective centers, and wherein the centers generally coincide with centers 40 and 42 of first and second lateral apertures 36 and 38, respectively, when hourglass-shaped body 22 is in the radially-expanded deployment configuration. Typically, first and second stent elements 60A and 60B are not in direct contact with each other when hourglass-shaped body 22 is in the radially-expanded deployment configuration.
For some applications, when hourglass-shaped body 22 is in the radially-expanded configuration, first and second stent elements 60A and 60B axially overlap and do not circumferentially overlap, such as shown in
Reference is made to
Reference is now made to
For some applications, the first stent element is shaped substantially as an axial inversion of the second stent element when the hourglass-shaped body is in the radially-expanded deployment configuration. Alternatively or additionally, for some applications, the first and the second stent elements are shaped so as to define respective trapezoids when the hourglass-shaped body is in the radially-expanded deployment configuration. For some applications, the trapezoids are right trapezoids, as shown in
For some applications, when the hourglass-shaped body is in the radially-expanded deployment configuration, first and second stent elements 60A and 60B circumferentially overlap, axially overlap (such as shown in
Reference is now made to
Fabric 29 along first portion 30 is shaped so as to define a superior aperture 222. In addition, typically one or more of structural stent elements 28 attached to fabric 29 along at least a portion of first longitudinal portion 30 are shaped so as to define superior aperture 222, i.e., to define the border thereof, in order to provide structure to the border and thus good fixation with a branching stent-graft, as described hereinbelow. This lateral aperture is configured for coupling to a branching stent-graft to the superior mesenteric artery (SMA). For some applications, superior aperture 222 is disposed so as to define a superior aperture arc angle β (beta) around the central longitudinal axis between (a) a center 224 of superior aperture 222 and (b) a midpoint 226 of arc angle α (alpha) between respective centers 40 and 42 of first and second lateral apertures 36 and 38, superior aperture arc β (beta) angle being less than 60 degrees when hourglass-shaped body 22 is in the radially-expanded deployment configuration. For some applications, a perimeter (which is a circumference if the aperture is elliptical, e.g., circular) of superior aperture 222 is at least 15 mm, no more than 30 mm, and/or between 15 and 30 mm.
Reference is now made to
As in the configuration described hereinabove with reference to
In addition, fabric 29 along first portion 30 is shaped so as to define a secondary superior aperture 324 (in which case superior aperture 222 serves as a primary superior aperture). In addition, typically one or more of structural stent elements 28 attached to fabric 29 along at least a portion of first longitudinal portion 30 are shaped so as to define secondary superior aperture 324, i.e., to define the border thereof, in order to provide structure to the border and thus good fixation with a branching stent-graft, as described hereinbelow. This superior aperture is configured for coupling a branching stent-graft to the celiac artery. Secondary superior aperture 324 is typically slightly (e.g., between 8 and 20 mm) closer to first end 50 than primary superior aperture 222 is to the first end, and is typically circumferentially aligned with primary superior aperture 222. For some applications, a perimeter (which is a circumference if the aperture is elliptical, e.g., circular) of secondary superior aperture 324 is at least 3 mm, no more than 6 mm, and/or between 3 and 6 mm.
Reference is now made to
As in the configuration described hereinabove with reference to
In addition, fabric 29 along first longitudinal portion 30 is shaped so as to define a superior scallop 426, which is open to and extends away from an edge of fabric 29. In addition, for some applications, one or more of structural stent elements 28 attached to fabric 29 along at least a portion of first longitudinal portion 30 are shaped so as to define superior scallop 426, i.e., to define the border thereof. Superior scallop 426 is configured to allow free blood flow to the celiac artery. Superior scallop 426 typically begins at first end 50 and ends between 10 to 30 mm inferiorly to first end 50. For some applications, a width W of superior scallop 426, measured in a circumferential direction, is at least 10 mm, no more than 20 mm, and/or between 10 and 20 mm, such as at least 5 mm, no more than 12 mm, and/or between 5 and 12 mm, and a height H of superior scallop 426, measured in a direction parallel with central longitudinal axis 44, is at least 5 mm, no more than 30 mm, and/or between 5 and 30 mm, such as at least 5 mm (e.g., at least 10 mm), no more than 25 mm, and/or between 5 mm (e.g., 10 mm) and 25 mm. For some applications, superior scallop 426 is generally shaped as a semi-circle. For some applications, superior scallop 426 is disposed so as to define a superior scallop arc angle around central longitudinal axis 44 between (a) a center of superior scallop 426 and (b) a midpoint of an arc angle between respective centers of first and the second lateral apertures 36 and 38, the superior scallop arc angle being less than 60 degrees when hourglass-shaped body 22 is in the radially-expanded deployment configuration.
Reference is still made to
Similarly, for some applications in which one or more of structural stent elements 28 attached to fabric 29 along at least a portion of first longitudinal portion 30 are shaped so as to define superior aperture 222, i.e., to define the border thereof, these one or more structural stent elements 28 comprise respective radiopaque wires 442.
Similarly, for some applications in which one or more of structural stent elements 28 attached to fabric 29 along at least a portion of first longitudinal portion 30 are shaped so as to define secondary superior aperture 324, i.e., to define the border thereof, as described hereinabove with reference to
Similarly, for some application in which one or more of structural stent elements 28 attached to fabric 29 along at least a portion of first longitudinal portion 30 are shaped so as to define superior scallop 426, i.e., to define the border thereof, these one or more structural stent elements 28 comprise respective radiopaque wires 446.
Typically, radiopaque wires 440, 442, 444, and 446 comprise a metal, such as tungsten, gold, titanium, or iridium. Typically, structural stent elements 28, other than radiopaque wires 440, 442, 444, and 446 that define the one or more apertures, are less radiopaque than the radiopaque wires. For example, these other structural stent elements may comprise Nitinol, stainless steel, or cobalt chromium. For some applications, a collective mass of the structural stent elements 28, other radiopaque wires 440, 442, 444, and 446, equals at least 10 times a collective mass of radiopaque wires 440, 442, 444, and 446.
Reference is now made to
Each of branching stent-grafts 500 comprises a tubular fluid flow guide 532, and a flexible stent member 530, which comprises a plurality of structural stent elements (a portion of which are hidden by fluid flow guide 532 in
Typically, each of the structural stent elements is shaped so as to define a plurality of stent cells. The structural stent elements may be attached to an internal surface and/or an external surface of the fluid flow guide. Optionally, a portion of the structural stent elements may be attached (e.g., sutured) to the internal surface, and another portion to the external surface. For some applications, the structural stent elements comprise a metal. Alternatively or additionally, the structural stent elements comprise a self-expanding material, such that stent-graft 500 is self-expandable. Alternatively or additionally, the structural stent elements comprise a superelastic metal alloy, a shape memory metallic alloy, and/or Nitinol. For some applications, the stent-graft is heat-set to assume the radially-expanded configuration.
Fluid flow guide 532 comprises at least one piece of biologically-compatible substantially blood-impervious fabric 534. The fabric may comprise, for example, a polyester, a polyethylene (e.g., a poly-ethylene-terephthalate), a polymeric film material (e.g., polytetrafluoroethylene), a polymeric textile material (e.g., woven polyethylene terephthalate (PET)), natural tissue graft (e.g., saphenous vein or collagen), or a combination thereof.
Each of branching stent-grafts 500 is shaped so as to define an interface portion 542 near first end 520 thereof, e.g., within 5 mm of the first end. When the branching stent-graft is in the radially-expanded deployment configuration, the interface portion is shaped so as to define a stricture 540, i.e., a narrow portion, on either longitudinal side of which the stent-graft is wider. Stricture 540 is sized and shaped to be placed within, and securely interface with, one of first and second lateral apertures 36 and 38, so as to form a blood-tight seal with the perimeter of the lateral aperture. The structural stent elements of flexible stent member 530 help define stricture 540, and thus provide a solid structural interface with the lateral aperture, as well as some tolerance to deployment positioning errors by the operators, as the slopes on each side of stricture 540 tend to centralize the narrowest portion of the stricture at a plane similar to that of lateral apertures 36 and 38 or the primary or secondary superior apertures. When the branching stent-graft is in the radially-expanded deployment configuration, a portion of the structural stent elements of interface portion 432 extends beyond stricture 540 toward first end 520 of the branching stent-graft, and radially outward, in order to provide good coupling of the interface portion with one of first and second lateral apertures 36 and 38.
When coupled to one of the lateral apertures, interface portion 542 typically extends radially inward into the lumen of the main stent-graft only slightly, such as by no more than 5 mm, e.g., no more than 3 mm, e.g., between 2 and 5 mm, such that interface portion 542 does not substantially interfere with blood flow through the lumen. For example, fabric 534 may extend by no more than 0.5 mm, and stent member 530 may extend by no more than 1 mm into the lumen of the main stent-graft. Such non-interference with blood flow allows the main stent-graft to have narrower waist portion 32, and yet still provide sufficient blood flow through the lumen of this narrower portion, which would not be possible if the interface portions of two or three branching stent-grafts extended too far into the lumen of the main stent-graft.
For some applications, a diameter of the branching stent graft generally monotonously does not decrease from second end 522 to first end 520 of the branching stent-graft. For some applications, the diameter at first end 520 is at least 20% greater than the diameter at second end 522. For some applications, a diameter of the branching structural stent elements adjacently distal the stricture is at least 5% greater than a diameter of the branching fabric at the same longitudinal location along the branching stent graft, when the first branching stent-graft is in the branching radially-expanded deployment configuration. In other words, there is some oversizing between flexible stent member 530 and fluid flow guide 532 so that the stent member is capable of outwardly pressing against the fabric of the fluid flow guide when they are attached to each other.
Reference is made to
For some applications, a releasable latching mechanism is provided; for example, the structural stent elements of waist portion 32 may comprise the latching mechanism. The latching mechanism is configured to assume a latched state in which the mechanism confines the structural stent elements of waist portion 32 in the intermediate deployment configuration.
For some applications, the releasable latching mechanism is configured to effect a transition of waist portion 32 from the intermediate deployment configuration to the radially-expanded deployment configuration upon a triggering event. For some applications, the triggering event is an exertion of outward radial pressure inside the waist portion. For some applications, the releasable latching mechanism comprises a longitudinal latching shaft that passes along at least a portion of the central longitudinal axis. For example, the triggering event may be a generally axial translation of the longitudinal latching shaft, or a generally rotational translation of the longitudinal latching shaft. For some applications, the releasable latching mechanism is implemented using techniques described in PCT Publication WO 2012/104842, which is assigned to the assignee of the present application and is incorporated herein by reference, such as with reference to
Reference is now made to
As shown in
As shown in
As shown in
For applications in which radiopaque markers 70 or radiopaque wires 440, 442, 444, and/or 446 are provided, such as described hereinabove with reference to
As shown in
As shown in
For some applications, an endovascular angioplasty balloon is provided, which comprises a proximal lobe and a distal lobe and a radiopaque marker positioned therebetween. The proximal and distal lobes of the balloon are sized to be expandable to at least 10% greater than a greater of (a) a diameter the first lateral aperture and (b) a diameter of the second lateral aperture. The balloon is inflated inside the main stent-graft after the branching stent-grafts have been deployed, so as to minimize and homogeneously distribute folds of fabric 29 around the circumference of the main stent-graft. The two lobes are provided in order to avoid crushing the portions of the branching stent-grafts that are within waist portion 32. The balloon is thus sized such that the proximal and distal lobes correspond in longitudinal dimensions with first and second longitudinal portions 30 and 34, respectively.
As shown in
In the particular configuration shown in
As a result, blood flows into first end 50 of main stent-graft 10 and feeds both iliac arteries, as well as the renal arteries and, optionally, the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) and celiac artery.
Reference is made to
The techniques described with reference to
As used in the present application, including in the claims, “tubular” means having the form of an elongated hollow object that defines a conduit therethrough. A “tubular” structure may have varied cross-sections therealong, and the cross-sections are not necessarily circular. For example, one or more of the cross-sections may be generally circular, or generally elliptical but not circular, or circular.
The scope of the present invention includes embodiments described in the following applications, which are assigned to the assignee of the present application and are incorporated herein by reference. In an embodiment, techniques and apparatus described in one or more of the following applications are combined with techniques and apparatus described herein:
It will be appreciated by persons skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to what has been particularly shown and described hereinabove. Rather, the scope of the present invention includes both combinations and subcombinations of the various features described hereinabove, as well as variations and modifications thereof that are not in the prior art, which would occur to persons skilled in the art upon reading the foregoing description.
The present application is the U.S. national stage of International Application PCT/IL2012/050506, filed Dec. 4, 2012, which claims priority from U.S. Provisional Application 61/566,654, filed Dec. 4, 2011, which is assigned to the assignee of the present application and is incorporated herein by reference.
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/IL2012/050506 | 12/4/2012 | WO | 00 |
| Publishing Document | Publishing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| WO2013/084235 | 6/13/2013 | WO | A |
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| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20140350658 A1 | Nov 2014 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 61566654 | Dec 2011 | US |
