Patent Application
20240331665
This application claims the benefit of priority to Japanese Patent Application No. 2023-056258, filed on Mar. 30, 2023, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
The present disclosure relates to a brass instrument.
A brass instrument includes a tuning slide, so-called a valve slide, for adjusting a pitch of a sound of an instrument. A total length of the instrument can be adjusted by adjusting a length of such a tuning slide and the pitch of the instrument can be adjusted. Japanese laid-open patent publication No. 2013-114029 and Japanese laid-open patent publication No. 2017-173567 describe trumpets having the valve slide.
According to an embodiment, a brass instrument comprising a main tube extending from a mouthpiece receiver to a bell, the main tube including a first divided part, a second divided part, and a third divided part sequentially divided on an airway path from the mouthpiece receiver to the bell, a first tuning slide connecting the first divided part and the second divided part, and a second tuning slide connecting the second divided part and the third divided part, wherein the first tuning slide and the second tuning slide adjust a total length of the main tube is provided.
A player of a brass instrument can finely adjust a pitch of a sound coming out of the instrument by adjusting a length of a tuning slide (valve slide). In addition, in the case of setting the pitch for each region employed in an orchestra and in the case of setting the pitch according to a performance environment (for example, a severe cold district or high-temperature district), the pitch can be finely adjusted by adjusting the length of the tuning slide.
However, in the case where the number of tuning slides arranged in a brass instrument is one, there is a limit to the pitch that can be adjusted. In order to increase the pitch adjustment amount by one tuning slide, it is conceivable to increase the length of the tuning slide and increase the variable amount of the total length of the instrument by one tuning slide. However, if a length of one tuning slide having a straight tube part is increased in an instrument constructed in a tapered shape, there is a problem that a balance of a pitch, a scale, etc. of sounds emitted from the instrument is lost.
In addition, in the case where the number of tuning slides arranged in the brass instrument is one, depending on a position of the tuning slide in the brass instrument, the player of the instrument cannot adjust the position of the tuning slide during the performance, and there is a problem that the pitch cannot be finely adjusted during the performance.
According to the present disclosure, the pitch adjustment amount can be increased while maintaining the sound balance.
Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present disclosure will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. The following embodiment is an example, and the present disclosure should not be construed as being limited to this embodiment. The same or similar parts in the drawings referred to in the present embodiment are denoted by the same reference signs or similar reference signs (only denoted by A, B, and the like after the numerals), and repetitive description thereof may be omitted. The drawings may be illustrated schematically, with dimensional ratios different from actual ratios, or with part of a composition omitted from the drawings for clarity of explanation in the drawings.
A brass instrument according to an embodiment includes a plurality of tuning slides each of which is capable of adjusting the total length of a main tube. Adjusting the total length of the main tube by the plurality of tuning slides makes it possible to increase the pitch adjustment amount while maintaining the balance of the sound. In addition, installing at least one tuning slide at a position that can be operated by the player during the performance of the instrument makes it possible to fine-adjust the pitch by the tuning slide even during the performance of the instrument.
Hereinafter, a brass instrument according to an embodiment will be described with reference to the drawings. The case where the brass instrument is a tuba will be described as an example in the embodiment described below. In addition, the brass instrument according to the present disclosure is not limited to a tuba.
The composition of the tuba 1 will be described with reference to
Each of the plurality of valve tubes 141 (the first valve tube 141a, the second valve tube 141b, the third valve tube 141c, and the fourth valve tube 141d) can be connected to the main tube 100 via corresponding piston valve 131 (a first piston valve 131a, a second piston valve 131b, the third piston valve 131c, or the fourth piston valve 131d) among the plurality of piston valves 131. Each of the plurality of valve tubes 141 (141a to 141d) is connected to the main tube 100 via corresponding piston valve 131 (131a to 131d) and then constitutes an air column of the tuba 1 together with the main tube 100. Hereinafter, in the case where the first valve tube 141a to the fourth valve tube 141d are not distinguished from each other, they are simply referred to as the plurality of valve tubes 141 or the valve tube 141. Similarly, in the case where the first piston valve 131a to the fourth piston valve 131d are not distinguished from each other, they are simply referred to as the plurality of piston valves 131 or the piston valve 131. When a player of the tuba 1 operates the piston valve 131 so that the piston valve 131 is depressed, the valve tube 141 corresponding to the depressed piston valve 131 is connected to the main tube 100.
Each of the plurality of valve tubes 141 includes valve slide 143 (a first valve slide 143a, a second valve slide 143b, a third valve slide 143c or a fourth valve slide 143d). The valve slide 143 adjusts a total length of the corresponding valve tube 141 by inserting or pulling out the valve slide 143, that is, sliding in a predetermined direction.
The main tube 100 has a plurality of divided parts. The main tube 100 includes a first divided part 111, a second divided part 113, and a third divided part 115 sequentially divided on an airway path from the mouthpiece receiver 10 to the bell 20 in the present embodiment. Further, the main tube 100 includes a first tuning slide 121 that connects the first divided part 111 and the second divided part 113, and a second tuning slide 123 that connects the second divided part 113 and a third divided part 115. The first divided part 111, the second divided part 113, the third divided part 115, the first tuning slide 121, and the second tuning slide 123 are connected to each other to constitute a series of the main tube 100. In addition, although the main tube 100 includes three divided parts of the first divided part 111, the second divided part 113, and the third divided part 115, the number of divided parts included in the main tube 100 may be three or more in the present embodiment.
The first divided part 111 has the mouthpiece receiver 10. A side on which the mouthpiece receiver 10 is arranged is also referred to as an upstream side of the main tube 100, and a side on which the bell 20 is arranged is also referred to as a downstream side of the main tube 100, in the present embodiment. That is, the first divided part 111 is located on the upstream side of the main tube 100. The plurality of valve tubes 141 and the plurality of piston valves 131 capable of connecting the main tube 100 and the plurality of valve tubes 141 may be arranged in the first divided part 111.
The second divided part 113 is connected to the first divided part 111 via the first tuning slide 121. The second divided part 113 is located on the downstream side of the first divided part 111.
The first tuning slide 121 is a so-called slide. The first tuning slide 121 has a first slide part 121a and a second slide part 121b at both ends. At least part of the first slide part 121a is inserted into a downstream-side end portion of the first divided part 111 to connect the first tuning slide 121 and the first divided part 111. At least part of the second slide part 121b is inserted into an upstream-side end portion of the second divided part 113 to connect the first tuning slide 121 and the second divided part 113. The first tuning slide 121 is separable from the first divided part 111 and the second divided part 113.
A connection length between the first slide part 121a and the first divided part 111 and a connection length between the second slide part 121b and the second divided part 113 varies by simultaneously sliding the first slide part 121a and the second slide part 121b with respect to the first divided part 111 and the second divided part 113. The connection length between the first slide part 121a and the first divided part 111 is a length along an extension direction of the main tube 100 in an overlapping portion between the first slide part 121a and the downstream-side end portion of the first divided part 111 in a state where the first slide part 121a is inserted into the downstream-side end portion of the first divided part 111. Similarly, the connection length between the second slide part 121b and the second divided part 113 is a length along the extension direction of the main tube 100 in an overlapping portion between the second slide part 121b and the upstream-side end portion of the second divided part 113 in a state where the second slide part 121b is inserted into the upstream-side end portion of the second divided part 113.
The total length of the main tube 100 of the tuba 1 can be adjusted by adjusting the connection length between the first slide part 121a and the first divided part 111 and the connection length between the second slide part 121b and the second divided part 113. In other words, the total length of the main tube 100 varies depending on the connection length between the first slide part 121a and the first divided part 111 and the connection length between the second slide part 121b and the second divided part 113. Specifically, the longer the connection length between the first slide part 121a and the first divided part 111 and the connection length between the second slide part 121b and the second divided part 113, the shorter the total length of the main tube 100. As the total length of the main tube 100 varies, an airway path length of the main tube 100 also varies. Thus, as the total length of the main tube 100 shortens, the airway path length of the main tube 100 also shortens and as the total length of the main tube 100 increases, the airway path length of the main tube 100 also increases.
The third divided part 115 is connected to the second divided part 113 via the second tuning slide 123. The third divided part 115 is located on the downstream side of the second divided part 113. The bell 20 is arranged at the downstream-side end portion of the third divided part 115.
The second tuning slide 123 is a so-called slide. The second tuning slide 123 has a third slide part 123a and a fourth slide part 123b at both ends. At least part of the third slide part 123a is inserted into a downstream-side end portion of the second divided part 113 to connect the second tuning slide 123 and the second divided part 113. At least part of the fourth slide part 123b is inserted into an upstream-side end portion of the third divided part 115 to connect the second tuning slide 123 and the third divided part 115. The second tuning slide 123 is separable from the second divided part 113 and the third divided part 115.
A connection length between the third slide part 123a and the second divided part 113 and a connection length between the fourth slide part 123b and the third divided part 115 varies by simultaneously sliding the third slide part 123a and the fourth slide part 123b with respect to the second divided part 113 and the third divided part 115. The connection length between the third slide part 123a and the second divided part 113 is a length along the extension direction of the main tube 100 in an overlapping portion between the third slide part 123a and the downstream-side end portion of the second divided part 113 in a state where the third slide part 123a is inserted into the downstream-side end portion of the second divided part 113. Similarly, the connection length between the fourth slide part 123b and the third divided part 115 is the length along the extension direction of the main tube 100 in an overlapping portion between the fourth slide part 123b and the upstream-side end portion of the third divided part 115 in a state where the fourth slide part 123b is inserted into the upstream-side end portion of the third divided part 115.
The total length of the main tube 100 of the tuba 1 can be adjusted by adjusting the connection length between the third slide part 123a and the second divided part 113 and the connection length between the fourth slide part 123b and the third divided part 115. In other words, the total length of the main tube 100 varies depending on the connection length between the third slide part 123a and the second divided part 113 and the connection length between the fourth slide part 123b and the third divided part 115. Specifically, the longer the connection length between the third slide part 123a and the second divided part 113 and the connection length between the fourth slide part 123b and the third divided part 115, the shorter the total length of the main tube 100. As described above, as the total length of the main tube 100 varies, an airway path length of the main tube 100 also varies.
The first tuning slide 121 is located on a lower side of the tuba 1 in
The first tuning slide 121 has a bend 301 and the first slide part 121a and the second slide part 121b extending from the bend 301. The first slide part 121a extends from one end of the bend 301. The second slide part 121b extends from the other end of the bend 301 in the same direction as the first slide part 121a. The first tuning slide 121 has a U-shape.
The main tube 100 has a tapered shape in which the diameter of the tube gradually increases from the mouthpiece receiver to the bell 20, as described above. Therefore, an outside diameter d1 of the first slide part 121a is smaller than an outside diameter d2 of the second slide part 121b (d1<d2). For example, the outside diameter d1 of the first slide part 121a is about 21 mm, and the outside diameter d2 of the second slide part 121b is about 24 mm. In addition, the shapes of the first slide part 121a and the second slide part 121b are cylindrical, and their outside diameters are constant. In other words, the first slide part 121a and the second slide part 121b are straight tubes.
The player can simultaneously adjust the connection length between the first slide part 121a and the first divided part 111 and the connection length between the second slide part 121b and the second divided part 113 by sliding the first tuning slide 121 along a connection direction between the first tuning slide 121 and the first divided part 111 and the second divided part 113 (vertical direction in
The first tuning slide 121 may include a handle 122. The player may grasp the handle 122 to slide the first tuning slide 121 with respect to the first divided part 111 and the second divided part 113. In addition, the handle 122 may be omitted. Furthermore, the first tuning slide 121 may have a water key 125 at the bend 301.
The second tuning slide 123 is located on the upper side of the tuba 1, that is, on the same side as the side where the mouthpiece receiver 10 and the bell 20 are located, as shown in
The second tuning slide 123 has a bend 501 and the third slide part 123a and the fourth slide part 123b extending from the bend 501. The third slide part 123a extends from one end of the bend 501. The fourth slide part 123b extends from the other end of the bend 501 in the same direction as the third slide part 123a. The second tuning slide 123 has a U-shape.
The main tube 100 has a tapered shape in which the diameter of the tube gradually increases from the mouthpiece receiver to the bell 20, as described above. Therefore, an outside diameter d3 of the third slide part 123a is smaller than an outside diameter d4 of the fourth slide part 123b (d3<d4). For example, the outside diameter d3 of the third slide part 123a is about 26 mm, and the outside diameter d4 of the fourth slide part 123b is about 32 mm. In addition, the outside diameter d3 of the third slide part 123a is larger than the outside diameter d2 of the second slide part 121b of the first tuning slide 121 (d2<d3). In other words, the outside diameter of the second tuning slide 123 is larger than the outside diameter of the first tuning slide 121. In addition, the shapes of the third slide part 123a and the fourth slide part 123b are cylindrical, and their outside diameters are constant. In other words, the third slide part 123a and the fourth slide part 123b are straight tubes. In addition, the outside diameter d4 of the fourth slide part 123b is 30 mm or more and 50 mm or less.
The player can simultaneously adjust the connection length between the third slide part 123a and the second divided part 113 and the connection length between the fourth slide part 123b and the third divided part 115 by sliding the second tuning slide 123 along a connection direction between the second tuning slide 123 and the second divided part 113 and the third divided part 115 (vertical direction in
Considering the operability during the performance, clearances between the outside diameter of the second tuning slide 123, that is, the outside diameter of the third slide part 123a and the outside diameter of the fourth slide part 123b and the second divided part 113 and the third divided part 115 are larger than clearances between the outside diameter of the first tuning slide 121, that is, the outside diameter of the first slide part 121a and the outside diameter of the second slide part 121b and the first divided part 111 and the second divided part 113. In other words, connection portions between the second tuning slide 123 and the second divided part 113 and the third divided part 115 are looser than connection portions between the first tuning slide 121 and the first divided part 111 and the second divided part 113. This causes the second tuning slide 123 to easily slide with respect to the second divided part 113 and the third divided part 115, and the operability by the player is improved even during the performance. For example, the clearances between the outside diameter of the third slide part 123a and the outside diameter of the fourth slide part 123b and the second divided part 113 and the third divided part 115 are about 30 μm larger than the clearances between the outside diameter of the first slide part 121a and the outside diameter of the second slide part 121b and the first divided part 111 and the second divided part 113.
In addition, the length along the connection direction of the third slide part 123a and the fourth slide part 123b is preferably three times or more of the outside diameter of the second tuning slide 123, that is, the outside diameter of the third slide part 123a and the outside diameter of the fourth slide part 123b. As a result, the second tuning slide 123 can be smoothly slid with respect to the second divided part 113 and the third divided part 115.
The second tuning slide 123 may include a handle 124. The player can grasp the handle 124 to slide the second tuning slide 123 with respect to the second divided part 113 and the third divided part 115. In addition, the handle 124 may be omitted.
The position of the second tuning slide 123 in the tuba 1 is structurally closer to the mouthpiece receiver 10 than the position of the first tuning slide 121, as shown in
The main tube 100 is bent a plurality of times from the mouthpiece receiver to the bell 20 and has a plurality of bends, as shown in
The main tube 100 of the tuba 1 according to the present embodiment includes the first tuning slide 121 and the second tuning slide 123 as described above. In other words, the main tube 100 includes two slides. As a result, the pitch adjustment amount is increased in the tuba 1 according to the present embodiment as compared with the conventional tuba having one slide. In addition, since the pitch is adjusted by the first tuning slide 121 and the second tuning slide 123, the tapered shape of the main tube 100 is maintained, and as a result, the pitch adjustment amount can be increased while maintaining the balance of sounds such as the pitch and the scale.
Further, the position of the second tuning slide 123 is structurally closer to the mouthpiece receiver 10 than the position of the first tuning slide 121. Therefore, it is easy for the player who is playing the tuba 1 to operate the second tuning slide 123, and the pitch during the performance can be finely adjusted.
Although an embodiment of the present disclosure has been described above, the present disclosure can be implemented in various aspects as follows.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2023-056258 | Mar 2023 | JP | national |
