The present invention relates to a breathing apparatus.
Disposable face masks are used in a number of applications to filter the air that people breathe. This may be used to prevent the passage of air borne pathogens either to or from the lungs, or may filter larger particles such as pollutants.
Such masks may be worn by elderly people or those suffering from respiratory problems to protect the weakened immune system from air borne infections. Healthcare professionals use such masks to prevent the spread of infections in healthcare facilities. Frequent travellers such as business people may wear such masks in high infection risk locations such as pressurised jet aircraft.
Typically such masks may be worn for extended periods. As such a build up of moisture, carbon dioxide and/or filtered particles can accumulate. Because the pores of the filter material may become blocked over time, breathing may become more uncomfortable the longer the mask is worn. Such additional impediment and/or discomfort may not be desirable, especially for patients already experiencing breathing difficultly.
An example of such a disposable mask is an N95 certified mask. N95 is a certification by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), for “occupation respirators” or “surgical respirators” where “N” means Not resistant to oil', and “95” refers to a 95% filter efficiency. They reduce the risk of the wearer from infecting others and to some extent filtering the air before it enters the respiratory tract. N95 masks are designed to filter 95% of particles (particulate aerosols free of oil) that are 0.3 microns in size or larger.
In general terms the invention proposes a removable nozzle that seals within a mask to deliver pressurised gases. This may have the advantage that a standard disposable mask may not need to be modified, the nozzle may be disposable, the ease of breathing may be improved, moisture build-up within the dead space inside the mask may be reduced, the apparatus may be convenient and ergonomic and/or the apparatus may be low cost.
In a first specific expression of the invention there is provided a breathing apparatus according to claim 1. Embodiments may be implemented according to any of claims 2 to 9.
In order that the invention may be fully understood and readily put into practical effect there shall now be described by way of non-limitative example only, example embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying illustrative drawings in which:
a) is front view of a disposable mask with a nozzle delivering filtered air according to a first example embodiment;
b) is back view of the mask in
a) is front perspective view of the mask and nozzle in
b) is back perspective view of the mask and nozzle in
a) is a perspective view from the top of the nozzle in
b) is a perspective view from the bottom of the nozzle in
c) is top view of the nozzle in
d) is side view of the nozzle in
e) is front view of the nozzle in
a) is front perspective view of the mask and nozzle according to a second example embodiment;
b) is back perspective view of the mask and nozzle in
a) is a perspective view from the top of the nozzle in
b) is a perspective view from the bottom of the nozzle in
c) is top view of the nozzle in
d) is side view of the nozzle in
e) is front view of the nozzle in
A breathing apparatus 100 according to the first example embodiment is shown in
The nozzle 110 is shown in more detail in
The shape of the outlet 303 is designed with the necessary minimum cross-sectional area of 80 square millimetres, i.e. the cross-sectional area of the conduit 104, to allow 20-30 L/min of filtered air to pass through; and at the same time ensuring the effectiveness of the inner seal 314 and the outer seal 316. Thus, the maximum height of the opening of the outlet 303 is in the middle portion, the shape tapers gradually to the two ends and the two ends are sharp to provide effective sealing when the inner seal 314 and then outer seal 316 are put on.
The scallop 306 is designed with a curvature that follows the contour of an average adult user's chin. The 5-8 mm thickness of the outer seal 316 provides the flexibility and effectiveness of sealing for users with variations in chin contour. Initially, different rectangular and thicker sizes and shapes were designed and tested, but they failed the fit test (i.e. leakage test), until the scallop 306 design was arrived. For users with smaller chin size, e.g. children and teenagers, the radius of the scallop 306 is reduced accordingly to provide effective sealing.
The inner seal 314 and the outer seal 316 are foam rubber or sponge rubber attached with adhesive or glue to the manifold 302. The inner seal 314 is rectangular approximately 85-95 mm long, 10-15 mm wide and 5-8 mm thick. The outer seal 316 is rectangular approximately 60-70 mm long, 10-15 mm wide and 5-8 mm thick. The seals are rectangular in cross-section so that they can be easily manufactured by cutting out from a large piece of standard foam rubber or sponge rubber material.
The bottom inner surface 312 may be used for the nozzle 110 to attach to the mask 106. This may be advantageous because it may avoid any torsion or twisting on the nozzle that might occur if it was located on the side of the mask. This may avoid any leaks caused by the mask edge being lifted and any kinks in the conduit.
The conduit 104 runs from the air filter unit 102 to the nozzle inlet 300. It is constructed on medical grade silicone with an inner diameter of 8 mm and a wall thickness of 1 mm. The length depends on the size of the user and is typically 300-500 mm long. The conduit 104 may be clipped to or worn underneath a user's clothing.
A quick release connector 212 is provided between the outlet of the air filter unit 102 and the inlet of the conduit 104 for easy connection and disconnection of the conduit 104.
The air filter unit 102 is shown in more detail in
The inlet to the fan 202 is sealed and covered with a snap on cover 206 for a flat filter 208. The filter may be compliant with the same standard as the mask 106, such as N95. The snap on cover 206 allows easy changing of the flat filter 208 when required.
The electronic controller 204 includes a PCB, and a control knob 210. The user can rotate the control knob to select what speed the fan runs at. The electronic controller 204 is in a separate compartment 203 from the motor 200 and fan 202 which are sealed to ensure no contamination. A plug 207 is provided for an external battery charger to charge the battery 205. The motor is energised using pulse width modulation (PWM) for speed control. The combination of a brushless DC motor and PWM may provide high energy efficiency and/or longer battery life.
The majority of air within the mask 106 has been drawn in through filter 208, and not through the mask 106. This means the mask 106 gets choked less easily and thus lasts longer. In addition, the positive pressure within the mask provided by the invention increases the efficiency of breathing by: (1) increasing the speed of the exhaled air from the user to pass through the mask 106 to the surroundings, and (2) reducing the amount of pathogens and dirt sticking onto the outside of the mask 106. The invention has been tested by a few users and each of them found that the flow of filtered air from the apparatus in the mask 106 has significantly improved the ease and comfort of breathing.
In
In
To check the sealing effectiveness of the nozzle 110, a 3M Qualitative FT-30 Fit Test Kit 800 was used, as shown In
The sealing effectiveness using a 3M Qualitative FT-30 Fit Test Kit 800 has been tested for both nozzle designs, i.e. nozzle without clip (
While various example embodiments have been described in the detailed description, it will be understood by those skilled in the technology concerned that many variations in details of design, construction and/or operation may be made without departing from the scope as claimed. For example the air filter unit may be integrated into the nozzle and the conduit dispensed with. The power source may be separated from the air filter unit and may provide power generation such as from the movement of the user or from solar panels. The nozzle may be used for delivering other kinds of gases such as higher oxygen mixes and/or can be used with non disposable masks and breathing equipment.
Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind | 371c Date |
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PCT/SG2010/000391 | 10/14/2010 | WO | 00 | 9/23/2011 |