Patent Grant
10693755
A. Technical Field
The subject matter described herein relates generally to the field of computing, and more particularly, to Device Abstraction Proxy (DAP) systems and methods for implementing and operating Device Abstraction Proxies.
B. Background
The subject matter discussed in the background section should not be assumed to be prior art merely as a result of its mention in the background section. Similarly, a problem mentioned in the background section or associated with the subject matter of the background section should not be assumed to have been previously recognized in the prior art. The subject matter in the background section merely represents different approaches, which in and of themselves may also correspond to embodiments of the claimed subject matter.
Many end-user consumers including residential consumers and business consumers connect to the Internet by way of Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) technologies. With DSL technologies, a service provider provides its end-users with Internet bandwidth, at least a portion of which is carried over copper twisted pair telephone lines. The use of twisted pair telephone lines to deliver Internet bandwidth to an end-user is beneficial because such lines are commonly pre-existing in a potential end-user's location, and thus, activating service does not require expensive retrofitting of a potential end-user's location with a communication medium to connect the end-user's location to a service provider.
The present state of the art may benefit from the Device Abstraction Proxy systems and methods which are described herein.
References will be made to embodiments of the invention, examples of which may be illustrated in the accompanying figures. These figures are intended to be illustrative, not limiting. Although the invention is generally described in the context of these embodiments, it should be understood that it is not intended to limit the scope of the invention to these particular embodiments. Items in the figures may be not to scale.
In the following description, for purposes of explanation, specific details are set forth in order to provide an understanding of the invention. It will be apparent, however, to one skilled in the art that the invention can be practiced without these details. Furthermore, one skilled in the art will recognize that embodiments of the present invention, described below, may be implemented in a variety of ways, such as a process, an apparatus, a system, a device, or a method on a tangible computer-readable medium.
Components, or modules, shown in diagrams are illustrative of exemplary embodiments of the invention and are meant to avoid obscuring the invention. It shall also be understood that throughout this discussion that components may be described as separate functional units, which may comprise sub-units, but those skilled in the art will recognize that various components, or portions thereof, may be divided into separate components or may be integrated together, including integrated within a single system or component. It should be noted that functions or operations discussed herein might be implemented as components. Components may be implemented in software, hardware, or a combination thereof.
Furthermore, connections between components or systems within the figures are not intended to be limited to direct connections. Rather, data between these components may be modified, re-formatted, or otherwise changed by intermediary components. Also, additional or fewer connections may be used. It shall also be noted that the terms “coupled,” “connected,” or “communicatively coupled” shall be understood to include direct connections, indirect connections through one or more intermediary devices, and wireless connections.
Reference in the specification to “one embodiment,” “preferred embodiment,” “an embodiment,” or “embodiments” means that a particular feature, structure, characteristic, or function described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the invention and may be in more than one embodiment. Also, the appearances of the above-noted phrases in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment or embodiments.
The use of certain terms in various places in the specification is for illustration and should not be construed as limiting. A service, function, or resource is not limited to a single service, function, or resource; usage of these terms may refer to a grouping of related services, functions, or resources, which may be distributed or aggregated. Furthermore, the use of memory, database, information base, data store, tables, hardware, and the like may be used herein to refer to system component or components into which information may be entered or otherwise recorded.
Further, it shall be noted that: (1) certain steps may optionally be performed; (2) steps may not be limited to the specific order set forth herein; (3) certain steps may be performed in different orders; and (4) certain steps may be done concurrently.
Described herein are Device Abstraction Proxy (DAP) systems and methods for implementing and operating Device Abstraction Proxies. In one embodiment, such a Device Abstraction Proxy includes a communications interface to connect the Device Abstraction Proxy to one or more access aggregation devices, each having a plurality of physical ports to provide Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) communication services, or simply, DSL services, to a plurality of remote DSL terminals. In such an embodiment, the Device Abstraction Proxy further includes a memory and processor to generate, create, instantiate and/or execute a virtual access aggregation device, in which all or a subset of the plurality of physical ports are allocated to the virtual access aggregation device and linked to corresponding logical ports within the virtual access aggregation device. Such a Device Abstraction Proxy further includes a global rule-set module to define operational constraints for the DSL communication services, and a management interface to allow at least one broadband access management system to manage the physical ports allocated to the virtual access aggregation device subject to the operational constraints.
In some locations, a DSL services wholesaler provides DSL communication equipment to form an infrastructure for such services, and DSL services resellers sell DSL services (e.g., “Internet access”) delivered over that infrastructure to individual consumers or end-users. The wholesaler is also known as the “infrastructure provider.” There may be multiple wholesalers, including one or more cabling providers and one or more DSLAM providers. Because the DSL services wholesaler controls the equipment forming the DSL infrastructure and the DSL services reseller maintains a services relationship with the end-users, conflicts may exist between a DSL services wholesaler's interest in protecting the integrity of the infrastructure and a DSL services reseller's desire to access and control the equipment in the interest of ensuring optimum service quality to the end-users with which the reseller has a services relationship.
These conflicts may be exacerbated when multiple DSL services resellers operate and compete for end-users in the same geographical area, and in turn, must co-exist using the DSL services wholesaler's common infrastructure equipment because each of the competing DSL services resellers have an interest in optimizing the quality of service provided to their own end-users, even if doing so may be to the detriment of end-users associated with a competing DSL services reseller. Practicing the systems and methods described herein may permit and promote competition among DSL services resellers, including DSL services wholesalers who also act as DSL services resellers, without degrading the underlying infrastructure upon which DSL communication services are offered to consumers.
Broadband communications services providers are increasingly utilizing network architectures in which the so-called “last-mile” connection is a copper, fiber or cable connection with one endpoint at a services subscriber's premises and another endpoint at an access aggregation device located in a street cabinet or vault in the general vicinity of the subscriber's premises. The access aggregation device may be, for example, a DSL Access Multiplexer (DSLAM), a cable head-end, or a fiber optic splitter. The access aggregation device is in turn connected to a broadband core network via a second broadband link, for example a fiber optic link.
Some broadband DSL services providers operate their own access aggregation devices such as DSLAMs connected to the copper loop that extends to a subscriber's premises. However, other broadband DSL services providers do not own the copper loop, such as when the broadband DSL services provider is a Competitive Local Exchange Carrier (CLEC) in the United States. Such broadband DSL services providers may instead pay a rental fee to the owner of the copper loops that extend to each of the broadband DSL services provider's customers. For several reasons, including space constraints in street cabinets and vaults, it may be impractical for the access aggregation devices of multiple broadband services providers to be installed in the street cabinets and vaults that are increasingly becoming the standard location for access aggregation devices.
Accordingly, a business model for the delivery of broadband services is now evolving in which a “wholesaler” deploys and operates the equipment, such as access aggregation devices in the street cabinets and vaults, and then resells “ports” to “resellers,” who deliver broadband services to subscribers via physical ports on the wholesaler's access aggregation devices. With this model, multiple broadband DSL services providers can compete for subscribers over a common infrastructure owned and operated by a single wholesaler responsible for the underlying equipment that makes up the broadband communication infrastructure.
Using the systems and methodologies described herein, administrative authority for controlling certain events and controlling a portion of the functionality of an access aggregation device may be retained by, for example, a DSL services wholesaler having responsibility for the equipment constituting the DSL communication infrastructure, while administrative authority for controlling other events and controlling other functions of an access aggregation device may be delegated to a DSL services reseller that is responsible for a portion of the end-users that are provided Internet bandwidth over the DSL services wholesaler's equipment. Moreover, the physical ports at multiple access aggregation devices can be abstracted and then represented to a DSL services reseller as one virtual access aggregation device within a Device Abstraction Proxy, thus providing a more convenient and intuitive representation for the DSL services reseller.
In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth such as examples of specific systems, languages, components, etc., in order to provide a thorough understanding of the various embodiments. It will be apparent, however, to one skilled in the art that these specific details need not be employed to practice the disclosed embodiments. In other instances, well known materials or methods have not been described in detail in order to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the disclosed embodiments.
In addition to various hardware components depicted in the figures and described herein, embodiments further include various operations that are described below. The operations described in accordance with such embodiments may be performed by hardware components or may be embodied in machine-executable instructions, which may be used to cause a general-purpose or special-purpose processor programmed with the instructions to perform the operations. Alternatively, the operations may be performed by a combination of hardware and software, including software instructions that perform the operations described herein via memory and one or more processors of a computing platform.
Embodiments also relate to a system or apparatus for performing the operations herein. The disclosed system or apparatus may be specially constructed for the required purposes, or it may comprise a general-purpose computer selectively activated or reconfigured by a computer program stored in the computer. Such a computer program may be stored in a non-transitory computer readable storage medium, such as, but not limited to, any type of disk including floppy disks, optical disks, CD-ROMs, and magnetic-optical disks, read-only memories (ROMs), random access memories (RAMs), EPROMs, EEPROMs, magnetic or optical cards, or any type of media suitable for storing non-transitory electronic instructions, each coupled to a computer system bus. In one embodiment, a non-transitory computer readable storage medium having instructions stored thereon, causes one or more processors within a Device Abstraction Proxy to perform the methods and operations that are described herein. In another embodiment, the instructions to perform such methods and operations are stored upon a non-transitory computer readable medium for later execution.
The algorithms and displays presented herein are not inherently related to any particular computer or other apparatus nor are embodiments described with reference to any particular programming language. It will be appreciated that a variety of programming languages may be used to implement the teachings of the embodiments as described herein.
The G.997.1 standard specifies the physical layer management for ADSL transmission systems based on the clear, Embedded Operation Channel (EOC) defined in G.997.1 and use of indicator bits and EOC messages defined in G.992.x standards. Moreover, G.997.1 specifies network management elements content for configuration, fault and performance management. In performing these functions, the system utilizes a variety of operational data (which includes performance data) that is available at an Access Node (AN).
In
Each ATU-R 122 in a system may be coupled with an ATU-C (ATU Central) in a Central Office (CO) or other central location. ATU-C 142 is located at an Access Node (AN) 114 in Central Office 146. A Management Entity 144 likewise maintains an MIB of operational data pertaining to ATU-C 142. The Access Node 114 may be coupled to a broadband network 106 or other network, as will be appreciated by those skilled in the art. ATU-R 122 and ATU-C 142 are coupled together by a loop 112, which in the case of ADSL may be a twisted pair line, such as a telephone line, which may carry other communication services besides DSL-based communications.
Several of the interfaces shown in
At the U interface (also referred to as loop 112), there are two management interfaces, one at ATU-C 142 (the U-C interface 157) and one at ATU-R 122 (the U-R interface 158). Interface 157 provides ATU-C near-end parameters for ATU-R 122 to retrieve over the U interface/loop 112. Similarly, U-R interface 158 provides ATU-R near-end parameters for ATU-C 142 to retrieve over the U interface/loop 112. The parameters that apply may be dependent upon the transceiver standard being used (for example, G.992.1 or G.992.2). The G.997.1 standard specifies an optional Operation, Administration, and Maintenance (OAM) communication channel across the U interface. If this channel is implemented, ATU-C and ATU-R pairs may use it for transporting physical layer OAM messages. Thus, the ATU transceivers 122 and 142 of such a system share various operational data maintained in their respective MIBs.
As used herein, the terms “user,” “end-user,” “subscriber,” “consumers,” and/or “customer” refer to a person, business and/or organization to which communication services and/or equipment are and/or may potentially be provided by any of a variety of service provider(s). Further, the term “customer premises” refers to the location to which communication services are being provided by a service provider. For an example Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) used to provide DSL services, customer premises are located at, near and/or are associated with, the network termination (NT) side of the telephone lines. Example customer premises include a residence or an office building.
As used herein, the term “service provider” refers to any of a variety of entities that provide, sell, provision, troubleshoot and/or maintain communication services and/or communication equipment. Example service providers include a telephone operating company, a cable operating company, a wireless communications operating company, an internet service provider, or any service that may independently or in conjunction with a broadband communications services provider offer services that diagnose or improve broadband communications services (DSL, DSL services, cable, etc.). A DSL services wholesaler and a DSL services reseller are described in more detail with respect to the figures that follow.
Additionally, as used herein, the term “DSL” refers to any of a variety and/or variant of DSL technology such as, for example, Asymmetric DSL (ADSL), ADSL2, ADSL2plus, High-speed DSL (HDSL), HDSL2, Symmetric DSL (SDSL), SHDSL, Very high-speed/Very high-bit-rate DSL (VDSL), VDSL2, vectored VDSL2, and/or G.fast. Such DSL technologies are commonly implemented in accordance with an applicable standard such as, for example, the International Telecommunications Union (I.T.U.) standard G.992.1 (a.k.a. G.dmt) for ADSL modems, the I.T.U. standard G.992.3 (a.k.a. G.dmt.bis, or G.adsl2) for ADSL2 modems, I.T.U. standard G.992.5 (a.k.a. G.ads12plus) for ADSL2+ modems, I.T.U. standard G.993.1 (a.k.a. G.vdsl) for VDSL modems, I.T.U. standard G.993.2 for VDSL2 modems, I.T.U. standard G.994.1 (G.hs) for modems implementing handshake, and/or the I.T.U. G.997.1 (a.k.a. G.ploam) standard for management of DSL modems.
References to connecting a DSL modem and/or a DSL communications service to a customer are made with respect to exemplary Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) equipment, DSL services, DSL systems and/or the use of ordinary twisted-pair copper telephone lines for distribution of DSL services. It should be understood that the methods and apparatus to characterize and/or test a transmission medium for communication systems disclosed herein might be applied to many other types and/or variety of communications equipment, services, technologies and/or systems. For example, other types of systems include wireless distribution systems, wired or cable distribution systems, coaxial cable distribution systems, Ultra High Frequency (UHF)/Very High Frequency (VHF) radio frequency systems, satellite or other extra-terrestrial systems, cellular distribution systems, power-line broadcast systems and/or fiber optic networks. Additionally, combinations of these devices, systems and/or networks may also be used. For example, a combination of twisted-pair and coaxial cable interfaced via a balun connector, or any other physical-channel-continuing combination such as an analog fiber to copper connection with a linear optical-to-electrical connection at an Optical Network Unit (ONU) may be used.
The phrases “coupled to,” “coupled with,” connected to,” “connected with” and the like are used herein to describe a connection between two elements and/or components and are intended to mean coupled/connected either directly together, or indirectly, for example via one or more intervening elements or via a wired/wireless connection. References to a “communication system” are intended, where applicable, to include reference to any other type of data transmission system.
Each remote DSL terminal 105A-G is connected to an access aggregation device 125A or 125B via one or more twisted pair lines 110 (e.g., POTS telephone lines, pre-existing telephone lines connecting the customer's physical service location to the access aggregation devices 125A-B, DSL loops, DSL lines, etc.). Multiple twisted pair lines 110 associated with different customer's remote DSL terminals may travel through or be co-located within a common binder 115, through which multiple twisted pair lines 110 traverse in close proximity to one another.
Each access aggregation device 125A and 125B has multiple physical ports 120A-C and 120D-G, respectively, to which the twisted pair lines 110 from remote DSL terminals 105A-G are connected. For example, as depicted, remote DSL terminal 105A connects with physical port 120A of access aggregation device 125A, remote DSL terminal 105B connects with physical port 120B, and remote DSL terminal 105C connects with physical port 120C. With respect to access aggregation device 125B, remote DSL terminal 105D connects with physical port 120D, remote DSL terminal 105E connects with physical port 120E, remote DSL terminal 105F connects with physical port 120F, and remote DSL terminal 105G connects with physical port 120G.
In one embodiment, each of the plurality of access aggregation devices 125A-B are Digital Subscriber Line Access Multipliers (DSLAMs), each having a respective plurality of physical ports (e.g., physical ports 120A-C correspond to DSLAM 125A and physical ports 120D-G correspond to DSLAM 125B). In such an embodiment, each DSLAM 125A-B further includes a back-haul communications interface 135 to communicatively link each respective DSLAM 125A-B to a DSL services wholesaler 130. The wholesaler 130 may be co-located with one or more of the connected access aggregation devices 125A-B, remotely located from each of the respective access aggregation devices 125A-B, or co-located with some of the connected access aggregation devices 125A-B and remotely located from other connected access aggregation devices 125A-B. In one embodiment, one or more access aggregation devices 125A-B are co-located at a physical central office (CO) location that also contains other equipment operated by the wholesaler 130. Each access aggregation device 125A-B connected to the DSL services wholesaler 130 via the broadband link or a back-haul 135 is provided with Internet connectivity from the DSL services wholesaler 130, which is then in turn distributed to the various remote DSL terminals 105A-G.
In one embodiment, a Device Abstraction Proxy server 140, or simply, Device Abstraction Proxy 140, includes a communications interface 145 to connect the Device Abstraction Proxy to a plurality of remotely located access aggregation devices (e.g., 125A and 125B) and other various network elements making up a DSL services wholesaler's infrastructure equipment. In one embodiment, the communications interface 145 connects with and communicates with the access aggregation devices (e.g., 125A and 125B) and other network elements via network cloud 195. For example, network cloud 195 may provide Internet connectivity or Internet access over, for example, a publicly accessible network. Such communications may transmitted in a secure manner, or communicated within a Virtual Private Network (VPN) over a publicly accessible network. In one embodiment, each access aggregation device 125A-B has a plurality of physical ports 120A-C and 120 D-G to provide Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) communication services to a plurality of remote DSL terminals 105A-G. The DSL communication services may be administered and configured via the communications interface 145 over network cloud 195.
In one embodiment, the Device Abstraction Proxy 140 includes a memory and processor to execute a virtual access aggregation device 155 within the Device Abstraction Proxy 140. In such an embodiment, all or a subset of the plurality of physical ports 120A-G are allocated to the virtual access aggregation device 155 and linked to corresponding logical ports, within the virtual access aggregation device 155. For example,
Other variants are also feasible. For example, with reference to
In one embodiment, the Device Abstraction Proxy 140 further includes a global rule-set module 160 to define operational constraints for the DSL communication services. For example, DSL communication services (e.g., access to Internet bandwidth) provided to the various end-users via remote DSL terminals 105A-G may be restricted to conform with operational constraints defined by the global rule-set module 160.
In a particular embodiment, a DSL services wholesaler 130 has administrative authority over the Device Abstraction Proxy 140 and controls the Device Abstraction Proxy 140 via a control interface 170. In one embodiment, control interface 170 connects with and communicates with DSL services wholesaler 130 over network cloud 195. In such a way, the DSL services wholesaler 130 may control, configure, administer, and otherwise interact with the Device Abstraction Proxy in accordance with the systems and methods described herein. In some embodiments, the DSL services wholesaler 130 may be co-located with the Device Abstraction Proxy 140 and communicate with the Device Abstraction Proxy 140 via control interface 170 over network cloud 195 (e.g., via an intranet, Local Area Network (LAN) or other communication network). In other embodiments, the DSL services wholesaler 130 is remotely located (e.g., in a distinct physical location, such as a different data center) from the Device Abstraction Proxy 140 and communicates with the Device Abstraction Proxy 140 via control interface 170 over network cloud 195, for example, via the Internet or via a Wide Area Network (WAN), etc.
In a particular embodiment, a DSL services wholesaler 130 has administrative authority over the Device Abstraction Proxy 140 and controls the operational constraints defined by the global rule-set module 160 via control interface 170. In one embodiment, the operational constraints defined by the global rule-set module 160 for the DSL communication services provided to end-users include one or more operational constraints selected from a group of operational constraints including: allowed spectrum masks; total power limits; one or more allowed ranges of transmit power; allowed minimum transmit power levels; allowed Dynamic Spectrum Management (DSM) policy (e.g., whether DSM must be activated or is optionally activated and whether DSM is utilized across physical ports associated with end-users of only one DSL services reseller or utilized across physical ports associated with end-users from multiple DSL services resellers), an allowed number of distinct profiles provisioned on a per virtual access aggregation device basis (e.g., how many discrete service levels are permissible for any given DSL services reseller having administrative authority over a particular virtual access aggregation device), in which each profile defines operational characteristics for a respective logical port including at least transmit power, data rate, and error protection; maximum allowed upstream aggregate bandwidth utilization on a per virtual access aggregation device basis; and maximum allowed downstream aggregate bandwidth utilization on a per virtual access aggregation device basis.
In one embodiment, the management interface 295 of the Device Abstraction Proxy 140 provides access capabilities to one or more broadband access management systems 215A or 215B of remotely located DSL services resellers 205A or 205B. In one embodiment, the broadband access management system 215A or 215B is a remotely located client device operated by a DSL services reseller 205A or 205B. In such an embodiment, the DSL services reseller 205A or 205B has administrative authority to manage a virtual access aggregation device (e.g., 210A or 210B respectively) within the Device Abstraction Proxy 140. For example,
In one embodiment, the Device Abstraction Proxy 140 further includes a memory and processor to execute the second virtual access aggregation device 210B. In one embodiment, a second subset of the plurality of physical ports (e.g., 120C and 120E), non-overlapping with a first subset of the plurality of physical ports (e.g., 120F and 120G), are allocated to the second virtual access aggregation device 210B and linked to corresponding logical ports 121C and 121E within the second virtual access aggregation device 210B via provisioning module 225 of Device Abstraction Proxy 140.
In one embodiment, administrative control of each respective access aggregation device 125A and 125B is allocated to a DSL services wholesaler 130 having management responsibility for the respective access aggregation devices 125A and 125B and further having management responsibility for a corresponding back-haul communications link 135 providing each respective access aggregation device 125A and 125B with access to Internet bandwidth.
In such an embodiment, administrative control of a first virtual access aggregation device (e.g., 210A) is allocated to a first DSL services reseller 205A having access to a first portion of the Internet bandwidth accessible via the plurality of access aggregation devices 125A and 125B for re-sale to end-users. Administrative control of a second virtual access aggregation device (e.g., 210B) is allocated to a second DSL services reseller 205B having access to a second portion of the Internet bandwidth accessible via the plurality of access aggregation devices 125A and 125B for re-sale to end-users. In such an embodiment, the first DSL services reseller 205A and the second DSL services reseller 205B may be separate and distinct business entities. For example, each may be a business competitor of the other, and each may compete for its share of available end-users on the basis of price, service, reliability, speed, etc. Although each DSL services reseller 205A and 205B may utilize the same underlying communication infrastructure equipment provided by the DSL services wholesaler 130, each may seek to differentiate themselves in the marketplace by effecting varying configuration schemes within their respective virtual access aggregation device 210A-B for which they have administrative authority. Such configurations may however be subject to operational constraints implemented by the DSL services wholesaler 130 as defined by the global rule-set module 160.
In one embodiment, the Device Abstraction Proxy 140 further includes a control interface 170 to allow a DSL services wholesaler 130 having administrative authority over the Device Abstraction Proxy 140 to manage an operational configuration of the Device Abstraction Proxy 140. For example, the control interface 170 may allow the Device Abstraction Proxy 140 to receive control messages and/or instructions 235 relating to the configuration of the Device Abstraction Proxy 140. Such control messages and/or instructions 235 may instruct the Device Abstraction Proxy to generate or instantiate a new virtual access aggregation device for execution within the Device Abstraction Proxy 140 to support, for example, a new DSL services reseller. Such control messages and/or instructions 235 may instruct the Device Abstraction Proxy 140 to allocate any of physical ports 120A-G to an executing virtual access aggregation device 210 or de-allocate any of physical ports 120A-G from an executing virtual access aggregation device 210. The control messages and/or instructions 235 may instruct the global rule-set module 160 to alter or re-define the operational constraints placed upon DSL communication services rendered via the plurality of access aggregation devices 125A-B connected with the Device Abstraction Proxy 140.
In one embodiment, the Device Abstraction Proxy 140 further includes a provisioning module 225 to allocate the physical ports (e.g., subset 120F and 120G) to the virtual access aggregation device 210A and to further link the physical ports (e.g., subset 120F and 120G) to the corresponding logical ports (e.g., 121F and 121G) within the virtual access aggregation device (e.g., 210A) responsive to control messages and/or instructions 235 from the DSL services wholesaler 130 received at the control interface 170.
In one embodiment, the Device Abstraction Proxy 140 further includes an authorization module 230 to enforce the operational configuration of the Device Abstraction Proxy 140. Enforcing the operational configuration may include one or more operations selected from the group of: enforcing management traffic rules; enforcing service definition rules; enforcing limits on data viewable by any DSL services reseller 205A-B on a per virtual access aggregation device 210A-B basis; enforcing limits on logical port operations available to any DSL services reseller 205A-B on a per virtual access aggregation device 210A-B basis; enforcing limits on available configuration options for the DSL communication services available to any DSL services reseller 205A-B; and enforcing limits on access to diagnostic information by any DSL services reseller 205A-B on a per virtual access aggregation device 210A-B basis, responsive to control messages and/or instructions 235 from the DSL services wholesaler 130 received at the control interface 170.
In one embodiment, the management interface 295 receives a request 240 for operational data relating to DSL communication services provided to one or more of the remote DSL terminals 105A-G. In such an embodiment, the authorization module 230 of the Device Abstraction Proxy 140 may limit access to the operational data relating to the DSL communication services based on whether the one or more remote DSL terminals 105A-G are associated with logical ports (e.g., 121C, 121E, 121F, or 121G) allocated to a virtual access aggregation device 210A or 210B for which a requestor has administrative authority. For example, in accordance with the embodiment set forth in
The authorization module 230 of the Device Abstraction Proxy 140 makes it possible for DSL services resellers 205 to access diagnostic information over the management interface for equipment that is owned by a DSL services wholesaler 130. Such capabilities were not previously feasible because DSL services wholesalers are naturally reluctant to grant such access rights to another party. Problems arise due to such a lack of access in which a DSL services reseller 205 who is responsible for diagnosing faults within a customer's home lacks the necessary information with which to diagnosis the problems. Commonly, a DSL services reseller 205 mistakenly concludes that a fault is within the DSL communication infrastructure, and thus, the responsibility of the DSL services wholesaler 130. This creates unnecessary cost and delay, and inevitably, the DSL services wholesaler 130, who traditionally has access to more extensive diagnostic information, properly diagnoses the fault to be within a customer's home, a diagnosis that a DSL services reseller 205 may have correctly made had the DSL services reseller had access to the appropriate diagnostic information from the DSL services wholesaler's equipment.
Because the authorization module 230 is able to limit the view to only that information associated with physical ports, logical ports, and DSL loops/lines associated with a particular DSL services reseller 205 (e.g., via a virtual access aggregation device 210) the DSL services wholesaler 130 can grant access or delegate authority to retrieve pertinent diagnostic information without concern of a particular DSL services reseller 205 having unfettered access or too great of access or control to the DSL services wholesaler's equipment.
An additional benefit of delegating some control to the virtual access aggregation devices, yet subjecting such control to the operational constraints enforced by the authorization module 230, is that DSL services resellers 205 can differentiate themselves on more than simply price. For example, a particular DSL services provider may be able to offer distinct configurations in accordance with the operational constraints set by a DSL services wholesaler 130 that allow, for example, higher data rates, higher data reliability, lower latency, lower access speeds for lower costs, and so forth. This is distinguished from a traditional model in which a DSL services wholesaler 130 may specify only two or three permitted configurations, which are identical to all DSL services resellers 205 renting/leasing/buying bandwidth access from the DSL services wholesaler 130. In such a way, an improved competitive market place may be enabled.
The authorization module 230 in conjunction with delegating certain administrative control to a virtual access aggregation device 210 enables the DSL services resellers 205 to 1) properly monitor their services so that they may ensure the service provided is in accordance with the level of service promised, 2) diagnose faults more accurately and more quickly leading to reduced waste, reduced operational costs, and improved customer satisfaction, 3) differentiate services and service quality from other competitors, and 4) initiate provisioning of services to new customers through the resellers' management interface 295 which in turn relays such requests 240 to the provisioning module 225 under the control of a DSL services wholesaler 130.
In accordance with one embodiment, the Device Abstraction Proxy 140 further includes a Dynamic Spectrum Management (DSM) module 250 to apply cooperative DSM optimization techniques against at least one logical port (e.g., 121F or 121G) of the first virtual access aggregation device 210A associated with the first reseller service provider 205A and against at least one logical port (e.g., 121C or 121E) of the second virtual access aggregation device 210B associated with the second reseller service provider 205B. In some embodiments, DSM module 250 applies cooperative DSM optimization techniques against only those lines belonging to a single virtual access aggregation device (e.g., 210A), such as logical ports 121F and 121G. In such an embodiment, both logical ports are associated with physical ports (e.g., 120F and 120G) corresponding to a single access aggregation device 125G. Alternatively, DSM module 250 may apply cooperative DSM optimization techniques against only those lines belonging to a single virtual access aggregation device (e.g., 210A) where the logical ports within a single virtual access aggregation device (e.g., logical ports 121C and 121E within virtual access aggregation device 210B) correspond to physical ports on multiple access aggregation devices (e.g., physical ports 120C and 120E on access aggregation devices 125A and 125B respectively).
Administrative authority to control the DSM module 250 may be allocated to a DSL services wholesaler 130 or allocated to one or more DSL services resellers 205A-B, or allocated to both the DSL services wholesaler 130 and contemporaneously to one or more DSL services resellers 205A-B. In an embodiment where administrative authority is allocated to both the DSL services wholesaler 130 and to one or more DSL services resellers 205A-B, instructions, commands, and configurations of the DSL services wholesaler 130 may take precedence over conflicting instructions, commands, and configurations issued by any DSL services reseller 205A-B. For example, an authorization module may enforce such precedence.
The DSM module 250 provides DSL communications services optimization across multiple lines by adjusting various operational parameters applied to such lines. Such optimizations may, for example, reduce cross-talk among lines traversing a common binder by reducing transmit power or assigning communication spectrums to the lines that are less likely to create interference noise, which degrades service quality. These techniques may be considered to be applied to the twisted pair lines 110, against the physical ports 120A-G corresponding to a particular line, or against the logical ports (e.g., 121C, 121E, 121F, or 121G) associated with particular lines, but in any event, the DSM optimizations affect the underlying DSL communication services provided to DSL customers and end-users via the remote DSL terminals 105A-G. Changes to operational parameters to effect the DSM cooperative optimization techniques may be communicated to the global rule-set module 160 which defines operational constraints for the various DSL communication services and may further be enforced by the authorization module 230 for any particular physical port, logical port, twisted pair line, or combination of logical ports, physical ports, or twisted pair lines.
In one embodiment, the Device Abstraction Proxy 140 and the DSM module 250 both operate under the administrative control of the DSL services wholesaler 130. In such an embodiment, DSM optimizations may be applied across DSL communications services provided to DSL end-users belonging to separate and distinct DSL services resellers 205A-B. In an alternative embodiment, the DSM module 250 applies cooperative DSM optimization techniques against two or more logical ports within the same virtual access aggregation device 210A-B. In such an embodiment, the Device Abstraction Proxy 140 may operate under the administrative control of a DSL services wholesaler 130 while administrative control of the virtual access aggregation device (e.g., 210A or 210B) and the DSM module 250 is delegated to a DSL services reseller 205A or 205B, enabling a DSL services reseller 205A or 205B to specify the services to be delivered to its customers subject to the infrastructure operations rules and/or operational constraints specified by DSL service wholesaler 130. Although administrative control of the DSM module 250 may be delegated to a DSL services reseller 205A or 205B, such administrative control may be restricted by authorization module 230 so that any particular DSL services reseller 205A or 205B may only affect DSM optimization techniques for those logical ports 121 that are allocated to a virtual access aggregation device 210A or 120B for which the DSL services reseller 205A or 205B also has complimentary administrative control.
In an alternative embodiment, at least one of the DSL services resellers 205A or 205B further include a Dynamic Spectrum Management (DSM) module, such as DSM module 275 depicted within DSL services reseller 205A. Other DSL services resellers may also have similar DSM modules, each of which may be communicatively interfaced with the Device Abstraction Proxy 140. In accordance with on embodiment, a Dynamic Spectrum Management (DSM) module 275 operates within a DSL services reseller 205A communicatively interfaced with the Device Abstraction Proxy 140 and the DSM module 275 performs one of the following cooperative DSM optimization techniques: 1) the DSM module 275 to apply DSM optimizations against at least one logical port (e.g., 121F) of the first virtual access aggregation device 210A associated with the DSL services reseller 205A and against at least one logical port (e.g., 121C) of a second virtual access aggregation device 210B associated with a second DSL services reseller 205B, wherein the DSM module 275 operates under the administrative control of a DSL services wholesaler 130; 2) the DSM module to apply the DSM optimizations against at least two or more logical ports (e.g., 121F and 121G) each associated exclusively with the first virtual access aggregation (210A), wherein the DSM module 275 operates under the administrative control of the DSL services wholesaler 130; and 3) the DSM module 275 to apply the DSM optimizations against the at least two or more logical ports (e.g., 121F and 121G) each associated exclusively with the first virtual access aggregation device 210A, wherein the DSM module 275 operates under the administrative control of the DSL services reseller 205A having administrative authority for the first virtual access aggregation device 210A.
Regardless of whether a DSL services reseller or a DSL services wholesaler has administrative authority over a DSM module (250 or 275), and regardless of whether a DSM module operates within a DSL services reseller (e.g., DSM module 275 of DSL services reseller 205A) or within a Device Abstraction Proxy (e.g., DSM module 250 of Device Abstraction Proxy 140), the DSM optimization techniques may be applied to those lines corresponding to the customers of multiple DSL services resellers, or in alternative embodiments, DSM optimization techniques may be applied via a DSM module (250 or 275) against those lines corresponding to the customers of only one DSL services reseller, so that any optimizations or changes to DSL communication services provided by the DSL services reseller affect only those customers of the one DSL services reseller. In some embodiments, multiple DSM modules (250 or 275) operate to provide DSM optimization capabilities, and each DSM module (250 or 275) operates on a per DSL services reseller basis, so that each DSM module (250 or 275) provides DSM optimizations for, at most, one DSL services reseller.
In accordance with one embodiment, the management interface 295 implements an Application Programming Interface (API) in which the management interface 295 presents each virtual access aggregation device (e.g., 210A and 210B) as an individual physical DSLAM device to DSLAM configuration tools via the API. The DSLAM configuration tools operated by a DSL services reseller 205A-B may thus be utilized to access and interface with the virtual access aggregation devices (e.g., 210A and 210B) as though they were physical DSLAMs. In such a way, DSL services reseller 205A-B may continue to use existing interface tools and software to communicate with the Device Abstraction Proxy 140 without having to develop or acquire new or different interfacing tools.
In one embodiment, the API implemented by the management interface 295 provides access to diagnostic information on behalf of the DSL services resellers on a per virtual access aggregation device basis. For example, although physical ports associated with a particular DSL services reseller 205 may be spread across multiple separate and physical distinct access aggregation devices or DSLAMs, diagnostic information may nevertheless be presented for one virtual access aggregation device 210 as though all of the logical ports 121 of the virtual access aggregation device 210 were physical ports 120 within one physical DSLAM. As noted above, multiple virtual access aggregation devices 210 per DSL services reseller is also provided for, and thus, in accordance with one embodiment, the management interface 295 provides access to diagnostic information on behalf of the DSL services resellers 205 on a per DSL services reseller basis, in which all virtual access aggregation devices associated with a particular DSL services reseller are provided to the appropriate DSL services reseller via the management interface 295.
In one embodiment, diagnostic information is provided via the API of the management interface 295 to a diagnostic system of a DSL services reseller 205, to a DSL services wholesaler 130, or to a vendor that provides one or more of the DSLAM devices (e.g., access aggregation devices 125).
In one embodiment, management interface 295 communicates provisioning requests 240 from DSL services resellers 205 to a provisioning module 225 of the Device Abstraction Proxy 140. Such provisioning requests 240 may request that a physical port 120 on one of the remotely located access aggregation 125 devices to be allocated to a virtual access aggregation device 210 associated with a requesting DSL services reseller 205.
In one embodiment, management interface 295 provides access to operational data and port status information subject to restrictions enforced by an authorization module 230 of the Device Abstraction Proxy 140, which operates under the administrative control of a DSL services wholesaler 130.
In one embodiment, management interface 295 implements a remote application programming interface (R-API or RAPI), implements standard Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) interface using a similar SNMP schema as for physical access aggregation devices, and further implements secure communication capabilities (e.g., provided via, for example, Secure Sockets Layer (SSL)). DSL services resellers are accustomed to managing access aggregation devices using SNMP interfaces; the availability of an SNMP interface for managing virtual access aggregation devices enables DSL services resellers to use the same management tools for managing virtual access aggregation devices as for managing physical access aggregation devices
In one embodiment, control interface 170 performs one or more of the following DSL services wholesaler operations including: providing a management data interface to a wholesaler's management system, including but not limited to at least one of the following: interfacing to a Provisioning System, Network Elements (NEs), interfacing to an Operations Support System (OSS), interfacing to an Element Management System (EMS), interfacing to a Network Management System (NMS); implementing aggregate traffic management operations against multiple virtual access aggregation devices 210 operating within the Device Abstraction Proxy 140; implementing traffic management operations on a per DSLAM basis or on a per access aggregation device 125 basis in which the traffic management operations are effected against one of the plurality of remotely located physical access aggregation devices 125; implementing vendor support operations that are applied against any of the remotely located physical access aggregation devices (e.g., vendor support operations may be applied against one or more DSLAMs manufactured or supported by a particular DSLAM vendor); implementing profile provisioning and selection operations on behalf of a DSL services wholesaler 130 responsive to logical port configuration requests received from a DSL services reseller 205 via the management interface 295; and implementing wholesaler notification operations responsive to profile changes affecting one or more logical ports 121 within any virtual access aggregation device 210 executing within the Device Abstraction proxy 140; and backing up and/or restoring configuration information for physical DSLAMs communicatively interfaced via control interface 170. The preceding list is exemplary of the various operations permissible and should not be considered exhaustive.
Additionally depicted by
In some embodiments, DSL services resellers may have a local replica of database 310 having the corresponding Device Abstraction Proxy 140 information stored therein. In such an embodiment, the local replica may be limited or restricted to include only information associated with physical ports or logical ports to which a DSL services reseller has administrative control via a virtual access aggregation device 210.
In one embodiment, the communications interface 145 may include a “southbound” interface, providing connectivity to the various network elements, DSLAMs, EMSs, access aggregation devices, and other such equipment that makes up the DSL services wholesaler's communications infrastructure. Control interface 170 may sometimes be referred to as an operator facing “northbound” interface connecting an operator/DSL services wholesaler 130 to the Device Abstraction Proxy 140 over which such an operator/wholesaler may issue provisioning instructions, alter a configuration of the Device Abstraction Proxy 140, alter the rules and operational constraints defined by a global rule-set module 160, and so forth. Management interface 295 may sometimes be referred to as a reseller facing “northbound” interface connecting the reseller service providers 205 to the Device Abstraction Proxy.
The commands, requests, instructions, and data communicated over communications Interface 145, control interface 170, and management interface 295 as described herein may be received, acknowledged and/or transmitted using any of a variety of format(s), communication protocol(s) and/or technique(s), including but not limited to, Internet, TCP/IP, UDP, RTP, Secure Socket Layer (SSL)/Transport Layer Security (TLS), Hyper-Text Transport Protocol (HTTP), Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP), Remote Procedure Call (RPC) methods, TR-069 (Broadband Forum Technical Report TR-069, and its variants), etc. It is appreciated that other communication methods, such as the public switched telephone network (PSTN), cellular data communications, electronic mail communications, USB, and flash memory, could also be used for the communications.
In one embodiment, system 400 includes a memory 495 and a processor or processors 490. For example, memory 495 may store instructions to be executed and processor(s) 490 may execute such instructions. Processor(s) 490 may also implement or execute implementing logic 460 having logic to implement the methodologies discussed herein. System 400 includes communication bus(es) 415 to transfer transactions, instructions, requests, and data within system 400 among a plurality of peripheral devices communicably interfaced with one or more communication buses 415. In one embodiment, system 400 includes a communication means 415 to interface, transfer, transact, relay, and and/or communicate information, transactions, instructions, requests, and data within system 400, and among plurality of peripheral devices. System 400 further includes management interface 425, for example, to receive requests, return responses, and otherwise interface with remote clients, such as broadband access management systems 215A or 215B associated with DSL services resellers 205. System 400 further includes control interface 430 to communicate with and receive control messages and/or instructions 235 from a DSL services wholesaler 130 responsive to which operational configurations or changes may be effected upon system 400. System 400 further includes communications interface 435, which provides connectivity between system 400 and the various network elements, DSLAMs, access aggregation devices, and other DSL communication infrastructure equipment operated by a DSL services wholesaler 130.
System 400 further includes multiple stored profiles and rules 450 that may be implemented or applied to various logical ports 455 of system 400 to provide DSL communication services to remotely located DSL terminals via remote access aggregation devices communicatively interfaced with system 400. The stored profiles and rules 450 may be stored upon a hard drive, persistent data store, a database, or other storage location within system 400.
Distinct within system 400 is Device Abstraction Proxy 401, which includes global rule-set module 470, authorization module 475, provisioning module 480, and DSM module 485. Device Abstraction Proxy 401 may be installed and configured in a compatible system 400 as is depicted by
In accordance with one embodiment, global rule-set module 470 defines rules or operational constraints as established by a DSL services wholesaler to be applied to one or more logical ports 455 of system 400. Authorization module 475 coordinates with global rule-set module 470 to ensure that defined operational constraints are enforced. Provisioning module 480 effects configuration changes responsive to requests from DSL services wholesalers or from DSL services resellers subject to defined operational constraints. DSM module 485 implements cooperative DSM optimization techniques under the administrative authority of either DSL services wholesalers, DSL services resellers, or both.
Method 500A begins with processing logic for communicably interfacing a Device Abstraction Proxy with one or more access aggregation devices, each having a plurality of physical ports thereon (block 505). In some embodiments, one or more of the connected access aggregation devices are remotely located from a Device Abstraction Proxy and in other embodiments, one or more of the access aggregation devices are co-located with a Device Abstraction Proxy, such as, within the same data center. In one embodiment, only one access aggregation device is communicably interfaced with a Device Abstraction Proxy. For example, in such an embodiment, a Device Abstraction Proxy and a physical access aggregation device, such as a DSLAM, may operate within the same physical computing device, thus enabling the DSLAM/access aggregation device to provide virtualized abstraction of its own physical ports, so that aspects of administrative authority for the DSLAM/access aggregation device may be delegated to, for example, a DSL services reseller. In other embodiments, multiple access aggregation devices are communicably interfaced with a single Device Abstraction Proxy and one or more physical ports of each access aggregation device are represented via virtual abstraction devices of the Device Abstraction Proxy.
At block 510, processing logic allocates all or a subset of the plurality of physical ports to the virtual access aggregation device executing within the Device Abstraction Proxy. In some embodiments the physical ports allocated to the virtual access aggregation device includes one or more physical ports on a first remotely located access aggregation device and one or more physical ports on a second remotely located access aggregation device, so that the subset of physical ports includes physical ports distributed amongst multiple access aggregation devices. At block 515, processing logic links the allocated physical ports to corresponding logical ports within the virtual access aggregation device.
At block 520, processing logic provides a management interface to allow at least one broadband access management system of the DSL services reseller to manage the physical ports allocated and linked to the virtual access aggregation device.
Method 500B begins with processing logic at a DSL services reseller for accessing a Device Abstraction Proxy via a management interface API (block 530).
At block 535, processing logic sends a request via the management interface API from the DSL services reseller to the Device Abstraction Proxy to manage a logical port within a virtual access aggregation device of the Device Abstraction Proxy. The Device Abstraction Proxy correspondingly receives the request. The selected management function/operation requested may include at least one of the following functions: modifying and updating configuration, resetting, updating settings, reading information, sending commands, sending and receiving diagnostics information and commands, changing profiles. These management functions may be applied to the logical ports within the virtual access aggregation device, through which they are in turn applied to correspondingly linked physical ports on the access aggregation devices associated with the DSL services reseller.
At block 540, processing logic at the DSL services reseller receives notification via the management interface from the Device Abstraction Proxy that the management selection specified by the request complies with operational constraints. For example, the Device Abstraction Proxy processes the request via an authorization module, which determines that the management specified by the request complies with the plurality of operational constraints, such as those defined by a global rule-set module and enforced via an authorization module. If the requested management function/operation selected does not comply, it may be rejected completely, or altered so that it is brought in-line with an acceptable configuration in accordance with the plurality of operational constraints.
At block 545, processing logic manages the logical port in accordance with the request. Management of the logical port within the virtual access aggregation device is reflected by a corresponding physical port linked to the logical port, thus effecting the configuration onto the DSL communication services provided to a remote DSL terminal via the particular physical port linked to the logical port that was configured. For example, managing the logical port may include receiving a request to reset a physical port on one of the plurality of access aggregation devices or DSLAMs and processing the request accordingly. For example, processing logic may reset a physical port requested to be reset when the physical port is determined to be allocated to a virtual access aggregation device for which a requestor has administrative control. In one embodiment, if the requestor lacks administrative control over a virtual access aggregation device to which the physical port is allocated, or if the physical port is in an unallocated state, the request to reset the physical port is rejected by the Device Abstraction Proxy. In one embodiment, a requestor may issue a “reset all ports” command or “reset DSLAM” command that would be implemented upon a virtual access aggregation device as a request to reset all the physical ports that are allocated to the particular virtual access aggregation device for which the requestor has administrative control. Similar determinations are made (e.g., whether to execute a requested command or reject the request) for port operations such as requests to enable a port, disable a port, solicit status of a port, request diagnostic information for a specified port, etc.
At block 550, processing logic sends a request for diagnostic information to the Device Abstraction Proxy via the management interface and at block 555, the DSL services reseller receives the requested diagnostic information from the Device Abstraction Proxy via the management interface. In such an embodiment, the diagnostic information received may be limited by an authorization module of the Device Abstraction Proxy to a restricted, filtered, or limited view of all available diagnostic information, for example, diagnostic information may be limited to only information pertaining to virtual access aggregation devices over which the requesting DSL services reseller has administrative authority.
At block 560, processing logic at a DSL services reseller applies Dynamic Spectrum Management optimization techniques. For example such techniques may be applied via a DSM module located within the DSL services reseller and operate under the administrative authority of the DSL services reseller or under the administrative authority of a DSL services wholesaler. Alternatively, the DSM optimization techniques may be applied via a DSM module located within the Device Abstraction Proxy and operate under the administrative authority of the DSL services reseller or under the administrative authority of a DSL services wholesaler.
Method 500C begins with processing logic at a DSL services wholesaler for receiving a request from a DSL services reseller to provision a virtual access aggregation device/DSLAM (block 565). Alternatively, a DSL services wholesaler may initiate provisioning absent a request from a DSL services reseller.
At block 570, processing logic sends provisioning instructions from the DSL services wholesaler to the Device Abstraction Proxy via the control interface to provision the virtual access aggregation device/DSLAM. The Device Abstraction Proxy correspondingly receives the provisioning instructions from the DSL services wholesaler to provision the virtual access aggregation device.
At block 575, processing logic instantiates and executes or instructs the Device Abstraction Proxy to instantiate and execute the virtual access aggregation device via the control interface. The Device Abstraction Proxy correspondingly instantiates and executes the virtual access aggregation device as instructed by the DSL services wholesaler.
At block 580, processing logic allocates administrative control of the virtual access aggregation device to a DSL services reseller via the control interface. In some embodiments, administrative control of a DSM module for performing cooperative DSM optimization techniques may also be allocated to the DSL services reseller. In other embodiments, administrative control of such a DSM module is retained within the exclusive control of a DSL services wholesaler having administrative authority for the Device Abstraction Proxy. In some embodiments, a DSM module is located at a DSL services reseller yet operates under the control of the DSL services wholesaler or in alternative embodiments, a DSM module at a DSL services reseller operates under the administrative authority of the DSL services reseller.
At block 585, processing logic sends a request for diagnostic information to the Device Abstraction Proxy via the control interface and at block 590, the DSL services wholesaler receives the requested diagnostic information from the Device Abstraction Proxy via the control interface.
At block 595, processing logic at the DSL services wholesaler specifies, configures, or initiates Dynamic Spectrum Management optimization techniques to be applied to DSL communication services. For example, such techniques may be applied via a DSM module located within a DSL services reseller, which operates under the administrative authority of the DSL services reseller or under the administrative authority of the DSL services wholesaler, which the DSL services wholesaler may control via the Device Abstraction proxy. Alternatively, the DSM optimization techniques may be applied via a DSM module located within the Device Abstraction Proxy and operate under the administrative authority of the DSL services reseller or under the administrative authority of a DSL services wholesaler.
Neighborhood Diagnostics
Embodiments of the invention leverage the DAP 140 described herein to enable new operations paradigms. As previously discussed with reference to
Identifying Neighborhoods
The DAP database 310 can be used to identify DSL lines that are in a common neighborhood. According to embodiments, the DSL lines may be grouped or clustered into discrete neighborhoods. This grouping can be arranged to efficiently pack end-users into a minimal number of different neighborhoods. Neighborhood boundaries can be drawn to efficiently enclose high populations of end-users. The database 310 may be accessed for such information in conjunction with accessing data external to the database. Such external data may be accessed from an Operational Support System (OSS) product that has information, or access to information, regarding the DSL terminals coupled to the DSL lines, a local loop database, a geographic information system (GIS), a database of street addresses of end-users respectively associated with the DSL terminals, one or more DSL Access Multiplexers (DSLAMs) communicably interfaced with the DAP, Customer Premises Equipment (CPE) devices, line enhancement devices, end-user input, Element Management Systems (EMS), and Network Management Systems (NMS). With reference to
The DSL lines managed by all the different DSL services resellers, and all the DSL lines operated by a DSL services wholesaler (if any), should all be identified in the DAP 140 database 310 as belonging to a particular neighborhood, so that data is available on every DSL line in the neighborhood via the DAP. However, it is appreciated that some DSL lines may not connect to the DAP, and some DSL services resellers may not provide data to the DAP 1450. Nonetheless those DSL lines that are known to the DAP as belonging to a particular neighborhood may provide sufficient data to perform diagnostics according to embodiments of the invention.
Correlation
The DAP 140 can enable a DSL services reseller to access detailed DSL line diagnostics data to monitor and troubleshoot the DSL lines. For example, the diagnostics data may include fault monitoring parameters, performance monitoring parameters, test parameters, diagnostic parameters, status parameters, DSLAM port status, CPE status, and spectral data such as quiet-line noise (QLN), channel response (Hlog), signal to noise ratio (SNR), and crosstalk couplings (Xlin, if vectored).
Neighborhood data may be used in conjunction with DSL diagnostics data, for example, to automate fault isolation and dispute resolution. A DSL line experiencing a condition such as a fault generates a report such as a fault report, usually either from a customer trouble call or from an alarm from a monitoring system. Embodiments of the invention include a correlation engine 220, depicted in
According to one embodiment of the invention, and with reference to
According to one embodiment, identifying a condition reported as occurring within a selected period of time in the DSL lines at 1110 involves identifying a fault reported as occurring within a selected period of time in the DSL lines. Further, according to the embodiment, identifying the reported condition as occurring in the DSL line identified as belonging to a particular neighborhood involves identifying a reported fault as occurring in the DSL line identified as belonging to the common neighborhood. Correlating the condition and/or performance of the DSL lines identified as belonging to the common neighborhood, in such an embodiment, involves correlating the fault that occurs in the DSL line identified as belonging to the common neighborhood.
In one embodiment, the fault that occurs in the DSL line identified as belonging to the common neighborhood is estimated to share a root cause with another fault that occurs in another one of the DSL lines identified as belonging to the common neighborhood. For example, the correlation engine can perform fault correlation analysis to determine if particular types or categories of faults reported have a common cause. For example, a WiFi outage should have nothing in common with a communications cable cut, but a feeder or distribution cable cut is likely to result in multiple correlated fault reports. Table 1 below lists an example of fault categories and identifies those that can possibly have the same root cause that can be correlated together to identify a common root cause.
Correlation engine 220 may perform clustering analysis to identify and group faults together, and/or to identify a group of faults, that has a single root cause. As an example, there may be a wet or damaged distribution cable that simultaneously impacts several DSL lines, but each DSL line is under management of a different service provider. With no common neighborhood analysis, each impacted end-user would lodge a separate trouble call and there would be a separate dispatch to fix each of them. However, by performing neighborhood analysis according to an embodiment, the simultaneous troubles can be correlated and the root cause (a single shared cable) automatically identified and fixed with a single dispatch. As another example, if there is high ingress noise on many DSL lines simultaneously, the root cause of this may be identified by the neighborhood analysis, so that a technician may be dispatched to bond and ground the shields of the cables of the lines sharing the fault.
Such uses of neighborhood analysis data rely on common data within, shared with, or accessible to, the DAP. Since trouble reports arrive at each DSL services reseller separately, they cannot be correlated unless there is a mechanism such as the embodiments described herein for exchanging the data among the lines. In this way, neighborhood analysis enables quicker root cause analysis of multiple outages that occur simultaneously or nearly simultaneously.
Coordinated Dispatch
The output of the correlation engine, in particular, output regarding faults or potential faults, can be used to coordinate repair actions such as dispatches or truck-rolls. Multiple DSL services resellers can receive multiple reports, such as fault reports, and if all or some subset of the reports are correlated to be from the same root cause, then they can be repaired by a single dispatch. This is more cost-effective than multiple separate dispatches by each DSL services reseller.
Another use of the neighborhood correlation analysis in accordance with an embodiment of the invention is fault sectionalization. A fault may be part of the infrastructure or service of only one of the multiple separate companies that are all using the same network. The correlation engine can determine from what part of the network, under what company's management, the faults originates. For example, for a “wires only” deployment, the wholesaler is responsible for the DSLAM and the twisted pair copper wires, while a DSL services reseller is responsible for the end-user CPE. The correlation engine, according to one embodiment, can determine if the root cause is in a given cable plant section, such as:
Such fault sectionalization can be used for resolving disputes among DSL services resellers and DSL services wholesalers.
Crosstalk Identification
Crosstalk is electromagnetic coupling between DSL lines in the same cable. Crosstalk from one DSL line can impair or slow down operation of another DSL line. DSL is generally engineered to handle crosstalk, but crosstalk occasionally appears to cause a fault or slow service. This may be due to a wet or damaged cable, a DSL line transmitting high power or power spectral density (PSD) levels creating high crosstalk, or an impacted DSL line barely meeting its service target before the crosstalk appeared.
It is possible to estimate the level of crosstalk into each DSL line in a neighborhood, according to an embodiment of the invention. Also, crosstalk couplings are generally symmetric, with crosstalk coupling from one DSL line into a second, nearby, DSL line approximately equal to the crosstalk coupling from the second DSL line into the first DSL line. Thus, determining a level of crosstalk coupling into a DSL line also determines that there is substantially the same level of crosstalk coupling from the DSL line.
DAP 140 can record: a DSL line being turned on or off, a transmit power for a DSL line, a power spectral density (PSD) level for a DSL line, quiet-line noise on a DSL line, SNR margin for a DSL line, performance monitoring parameters for a DSL line, data from a data gathering buffer associated with a DSL line, and a time of an error event occurring on a DSL line, severely errored seconds (SES), cell violations (CVs), or other performance counters.
If one DSL line is turned on and a second DSL line simultaneously experiences significant errors then the errors may be caused by crosstalk from the first line into the second line. Several occurrences of such can lead to a determination that the errors are indeed caused by crosstalk. For such identification of crosstalk problems, it should be that:
Knowledge of crosstalk interactions can be used further by DAP 140 to coordinate frequencies utilized on nearby DSL lines, and to enable spectral compatibility. For example, the DAP may identify the presence, absence, or level of crosstalk between:
This information can be used to jointly optimize transmit spectra or other line configuration parameters. The DAP diagnostic data and knowledge of crosstalk interactions can be used by dynamic spectrum management (DSM), or to configure line settings such as upstream power back-off (UPBO), downstream power back-off (DPBO), transmit power, and transmit PSD. This data is also useful for enabling spectral compatibility with a vectored VDSL group, or for determining spectral compatibility of VDSL from the exchange with VDSL from a cabinet.
Loop Qualification and Services Definition
DSL performance is strongly dependent on loop length. Two DSL lines that terminate at about the same location should have about the same level of performance. These cables may also be in the same cables and experience similar noise. In particular, two DSL lines that are both within a reasonably small neighborhood should be able to support the same data bit rates and service levels.
DSL lines that currently do not support DSL can be pre-qualified using loop records, narrowband automated test measurement data, or using single-ended loop tests (SELT). Loop records are often incorrect, narrowband measurements often only give a rough estimate of electrical line length, and neither includes high-frequency noise variations. DELT requires the connection of a DSLAM port to the prospective line, can determine loop length only if it is short, and does not include noise variations at end user location (that is, downstream). An operating DSL line, however, generally gives very good information on current performance and maximum attainable net data rate (MABR or ATTNDR). For example, line statistics on an ADSL line can be extrapolated to estimate bit rates achievable by VDSL.
The information in the DAP database 310 can be used for loop qualification, according to one embodiment of the invention. DSL lines in the same reasonably small neighborhood can be expected to all have about the same maximum attainable data rate. To determine the maximum attainable data rate of a first DSL line, the DAP 140 simply reads the maximum attainable data rate of other DSL lines in the same neighborhood of the same type, even if these are under the management of other providers, such as DSL services resellers. The maximum attainable bit rate of the first line is then extrapolated from these other DSL lines, either by a straight average or other function such as adjusting to a given level of conservatism such as engineering to the 1% or 10% worst-case.
Such loop qualification data may be used to define offered services, in one embodiment. The offered services can reflect the transmission environment of the neighborhood, including bit rates, error rates, required error correction or retransmission parameters, SNR margins, and line stability. Different service levels may be offered, with different bit rates, quality of service (QoS) levels, and delay profiles.
Improved loop qualification available through the neighborhood analysis according to one embodiment can enable a provider with an upsell to higher service levels, upsell to VDSL2 or vectored VDSL2, or can enable temporarily providing a speed increase on a given line, for example, a “turbo button” feature.
According to one embodiment, the current or maximum attainable data rates of multiple providers in a neighborhood can be pooled for diagnostics purposes. A DSL line in a neighborhood with data rate significantly below the other DSL lines in the neighborhood is identified as having some type of fault that can be subsequently repaired.
Policing
A provider, such as a communications provider (CP) or DSL services reseller, could conceivably deploy a type of DSL that transmits an inordinately high power or PSD level, generating crosstalk that unduly impacts other nearby DSL lines. Different regulatory jurisdictions and incumbent operators have different rules for enforcing a level of spectral compatibility among DSL systems. Examples of such rules are set forth in standards such as: ANSI T1.417, Spectrum Management for Loop Transmission Systems, 2003; NICC ND1602, Specification of the Access Network Frequency Plan v5.1.1, September 2011; NICC ND1513, Report on Dynamic Spectrum Management (DSM) Methods in the UK Access Network, January 2010; ATIS Standard 0600009, Dynamic Spectrum Management—Technical Report, 2007; and ATIS-0900007, Dynamic Spectrum Management—Technical Report (Issue 2), November 2012. These rules range from rigidly defined sets of allowable DSL types and their operating ranges, defining various PSD masks that the transmitted PSDs must fall below, to more flexible computations-based, or dynamic spectrum management (DSM) rule set approaches.
According to one embodiment, DAP 140 can be used to determine compliance with these spectral compatibility rules. The data from all the various DSL lines of the providers and the wholesaler(s) can be checked for consistency and conformance with such rulesets. These rules can include system types, loop lengths, transmit power, transmit PSD, upstream power back-off (UPBO), dynamic UPBO (as defined in NICC ND1602), and downstream power back-off (DPBO). Verification of spectral compatibility compliance can be used to resolve crosstalk disputes and ensure a level of fairness among operators. The DAP can be used implement fair and consistent technical spectral balancing rules. Sharing this information from multiple providers in or via the DAP may also be useful for various other purposes, such as service-level monitoring, verifying contract compliance, joint performance analyses, joint optimizations, regulatory compliance, service comparisons and ratings, etc.
Joint Multi-Line Re-Profiling
The DAP 140 can further be used for joint multiple DSL line (“joint multi-line”) re-profiling, according to one embodiment of the invention. A joint multi-line state is defined as a vector, with each element in the vector containing the state of each DSL line. The state of each DSL line is defined by a profile, which is a set of transmission parameter settings. Re-profiling operates on the joint multi-line state, where the profiles of various DSL lines in the set under consideration are changed as an ensemble. If the re-profiling improves the ensemble of line performances, then re-profiling continues to make transmission parameter changes along the same direction or gradient. If the re-profiling degrades the performance, then re-profiling makes transmission parameter changes in the opposite direction or gradient or falls back to a previous joint multi-line state with known performance. DSL line performance may be defined, for example, by the number of retrains, error counts, noise margins, line speeds, etc. Joint multi-line re-profiling can simultaneously find the best DSL transceiver and DSL line settings of multiple DSL lines that cause crosstalk into each other. In this way, multi-line re-profiling can mitigate crosstalk between lines.
The joint multi-line state may also operate on a diagnostic that infers the statistics of various end-users mutual effect upon one another over time as “strong, moderate, weak, or nonexistent” or some equivalent scale. Then only the DSL lines that have substantial effect on each other need to be included in the joint multi-line re-profiling. Further, the effect of changing transmission parameters can be predicted and these predictions used to optimize future profile changes. DSL line lengths and loop topologies may also be included in determining the profile settings, according to an embodiment.
Joint multi-line re-profiling can be used for VDSL from the exchange, where all the DSL lines in a feeder that terminates at a cabinet, and all the DSL lines that originate at that cabinet would be included in the joint multi-line state. For DSL lines that all originate at a cabinet, all the DSL lines originating at the cabinet would be included in the joint multi-line state, and such a joint multi-line state can be used for managing vectored VDSL2 and non-vectored VDSL2. DSL lines originating at a deployment point or DSL terminal could similarly be identified as the DSL lines in a joint multi-line state. Or a joint multi-line state could be defined to include the DSL lines in a neighborhood, according to an embodiment.
In an unbundled environment, joint multi-line re-profiling according to an embodiment can benefit from sharing of data among or between operators as described herein. The DAP database may be implemented as a centralized database according to one embodiment. With such data sharing, centralized analysis may be conducted, either to perform the joint multi-line re-profiling, or to enable joint multi-line re-profiling in distributed database implementations by sharing performance data and identifying crosstalk impacts between DSL lines. Architecture
With reference to
In other embodiments, the invention may be performed in a distributed manner, where any of the neighborhood analysis, fault correlation, dispatch, crosstalk identification, loop qualification, policing, and re-profiling functions may be performed by the correlation engine, or any of these functions may be performed by DSL services reseller management systems. Any of these functions may also be partially implemented in the DAP 140, and partially implemented in the DSL services reseller management systems.
Database 310 may also be distributed, with data residing at various operator or service provider locations, across multiple servers, across multiple databases, or in the cloud. Multiple operators can each maintain separate databases, and these data may be shared and updated by one operator sending data to another operator, or by one operator querying another operator.
In one embodiment, multiple operators may be involved, such that one operator sends data to a second operator, and then the second operator sends data a third operator. In this case, the second operator may filter or otherwise process the data received from the first operator before sending all or part of it to the third operator. In one embodiment, there may multiple DSL services wholesalers, with a cable provider and one or more DSLAM providers, in which case all or part of the data is shared among these wholesalers and the DSL services resellers. In such an embodiment, all or part of the DAP system may be hosted by a third party. Further, according to an embodiment, the above described analyses and functions can also be distributed, using shared data, with parts of the analyses performed by different operators or by a third party.
One embodiment of the invention comprises a method involving receiving, at an interface of a Device Abstraction Proxy (DAP), a request for operational data relating to Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) services provided to a plurality of DSL terminals in a DSL network by two or more providers; receiving, at the interface of the DAP, the operational data, including operational data for a plurality of DSL lines coupled to the plurality of DSL terminals; identifying, at the DAP, at least two of the plurality of DSL lines as belonging to a common neighborhood of DSL lines, each of the at least two of the plurality of DSL lines respectively associated with at least two of the plurality of DSL terminals being provided the DSL services by different ones of the at least two or more providers; and correlating a condition and/or a performance of one of the at least two DSL lines identified as belonging to the common neighborhood with a condition and/or performance of another one of the at least two DSL lines identified as belonging to the common neighborhood. In some embodiments, receiving the operational data comprises receiving the operational data from a database maintained by, and/or associated with, the DAP. In some embodiments, the operational data is received from one or more of: the plurality of DSL terminals, a local loop database, a geographic information system, a database of a plurality of street addresses of end-users respectively associated with the plurality of DSL terminals, one or more DSL Access Multiplexers (DSLAMs) communicably interfaced with the DAP, Customer Premises Equipment (CPE) devices, line enhancement devices, end-user input, and Network Management Systems (NMS).
According to one embodiment, the providers include one or more broadband DSL services providers, DSL services wholesalers, DSL services resellers, metallic path facility providers, copper network providers, communications providers, CPE providers, access node operators, DSLAM operators.
In some embodiment, each of the at least two of the plurality of DSL lines identified as belonging to a common neighborhood of DSL lines are coupled to one of: respective ports of one of a plurality of DSL line cards in a DSL Access Multiplexer (DSLAM), respective ports of different ones of the plurality of DSL line cards in the DSLAM, and respective ports of different ones of a plurality of DSL line cards in different ones of a plurality of DLSAMs.
In one embodiment, a correlation engine in the DAP identifies a condition reported as occurring within a selected period of time in the plurality of DSL lines; identifies the reported condition as occurring in one of the at least two of the plurality of DSL lines identified as belonging to the common neighborhood; and correlates the reported condition and/or performance that occurs in the one of the at least two of the plurality of DSL lines identified as belonging to the common neighborhood. In some embodiment, correlating the condition reported as occurring within a selected period of time in the plurality of DSL lines comprises identifying a fault reported as occurring within a selected period of time in the plurality of DSL lines; identifying the reported condition as occurring in one of the at least two of the plurality of DSL lines identified as belonging to the common neighborhood comprises identifying a reported fault as occurring in the one of the at least two of the plurality of DSL lines identified as belonging to the common neighborhood; and correlating a condition and/or performance of one of the at least two of the plurality of DSL lines identified as belonging to the common neighborhood comprises correlating the fault that occurs in the one of the at least two of the plurality of DSL lines identified as belonging to the common neighborhood.
Some embodiments further determine that the fault that occurs in the one of the at least two of the plurality of DSL lines identified as belonging to the common neighborhood is estimated to share a root cause with another fault that occurs in another one of the at least two of the plurality of DSL lines identified as belonging to the common neighborhood.
In one embodiment of the invention, receiving, at the interface of the DAP, the operational data including operational data for a plurality of DSL lines coupled to the plurality of DSL terminals comprises receiving at the DAP interface data regarding events that occur on the plurality of DSL lines; and correlating a condition and/or a performance of one of the at least two of the plurality of DSL lines identified as belonging to the common neighborhood comprises estimating a level of crosstalk in the one of the at least two of the plurality of DSL lines identified as belonging to the common neighborhood based on the data regarding events that occur on the plurality of DSL lines. In such embodiments, the events may include one or more of: a DSL line being turned on or off, a transmit power for a DSL line, a power spectral density (PSD) level for a DSL line, quiet-line noise on a DSL line, SNR margin for a DSL line, performance monitoring parameters for a DSL line, data from a data gathering buffer associated with a DSL line, and a time of an error event occurring on a DSL line.
In one embodiment of the invention, receiving, at the interface of the DAP, the operational data including operational data for a plurality of DSL lines coupled to the plurality of DSL terminals comprises receiving at the DAP interface an estimated maximum attainable net data rate for one of the at least two of the plurality of DSL lines belonging to a common neighborhood; and correlating a condition and/or a performance of the one of the at least two of the plurality of DSL lines identified as belonging to the common neighborhood comprises extrapolating an estimated maximum attainable net data rate for another one of the at least two of the plurality of DSL lines identified as belonging to the common neighborhood based on the estimated maximum attainable net data rate for the one or more of the at least two of the plurality of DSL lines belonging to a common neighborhood.
According to an embodiment, correlating a condition and/or a performance of one of the at least two of the plurality of DSL lines identified as belonging to the common neighborhood comprises checking the operational data for one or more of the at least two of the plurality of DSL lines to determine compliance of the one or more of the at least two of the plurality of DSL lines with a spectral compatibility rule. In such embodiments, the spectral compatibility rule compliance is determined using one or more of: a DSL system type associated with a DSL line, a loop length of a DSL line, a transmit power of a DSL line, a transmit power spectral density (PSD) of a DSL line, an upstream power back-off (UPBO) for a DSL line, a dynamic UPBO for the DSL line, and a downstream power back-off (DPBO) for a DSL line.
According to one embodiment of the invention, a profile of the one of the at least two of the plurality of DSL lines identified as belonging to the common neighborhood is changed in conjunction with changing a profile of another one of the at least two of the plurality of DSL lines identified as belonging to the common neighborhood. The profile of the one of the at least two of the plurality of DSL lines identified as belonging to the common neighborhood may be defined in one or more of: a transmission parameter setting for the DSL line, a line state of the DSL line, and a transceiver state of a DSLAM or DSL terminal coupled to the DSL line.
The above embodiments may further be made available in the form of non-transitory computer readable storage medium having instructions stored thereon that, when executed by a processor in a Device Abstraction Proxy (DAP), cause the DAP to perform the above described operations.
A Device Abstraction Proxy (DAP), according to an embodiment comprises an interface communicatively coupled with a Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) service provider to receive a request for operational data relating to Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) services provided to a plurality of DSL terminals in a DSL network by two or more providers; the interface to receive the operational data, including operational data for a plurality of DSL lines coupled to the plurality of DSL terminals; the DAP to identify at least two of the plurality of DSL lines as belonging to a common neighborhood of DSL lines, each of the at least two of the plurality of DSL lines respectively associated with at least two of the plurality of DSL terminals being provided the DSL services by different ones of the at least two or more providers; and a correlation engine to correlate a condition and/or a performance of one of the at least two DSL lines identified as belonging to the common neighborhood with a condition and/or performance of another one of the at least two DSL lines identified as belonging to the common neighborhood.
In some embodiments, the DAP further comprises the correlation engine to identify a condition reported as occurring within a selected period of time in the plurality of DSL lines; the correlation engine to identify the reported condition as occurring in one of the at least two of the plurality of DSL lines identified as belonging to the common neighborhood; the correlation engine to correlate the reported condition and/or performance that occurs in the one of the at least two of the plurality of DSL lines identified as belonging to the common neighborhood.
In some embodiments, the correlation engine checks the operational data for the one of the at least two of the plurality of DSL lines to determine compliance of the one of the at least two of the plurality of DSL lines with a spectral compatibility rule.
In some embodiments, the correlation engine modifies a profile of the one of the at least two of the plurality of DSL lines identified as belonging to the common neighborhood in conjunction with modifying a profile of another one of the at least two of the plurality of DSL lines identified as belonging to the common neighborhood, wherein the profile of the one of the at least two of the plurality of DSL lines identified as belonging to the common neighborhood is defined in one or more of: a transmission parameter setting for the DSL line, a line state of the DSL line, and a transceiver state of a DSLAM or DSL terminal coupled to the DSL line.
The exemplary computer system 600 includes a processor 602, a main memory 604 (e.g., read-only memory (ROM), flash memory, dynamic random access memory (DRAM) such as synchronous DRAM (SDRAM) or Rambus DRAM (RDRAM), etc., static memory such as flash memory, static random access memory (SRAM), volatile but high-data rate RAM, etc.), and a secondary memory 618 (e.g., a persistent storage device including hard disk drives and persistent data base implementations), which communicate with each other via a bus 630. Main memory 604 includes information, instructions, and software program components necessary for performing and executing the functions with respect to the various embodiments of the Device Abstraction Proxy described herein. For example, stored rules and profiles 624 specify operational constraints as defined by a global rule-set module and enforced by an authorization module and stores profiles to be applied to physical/logical ports thus establishing DSL communication services). Main memory 604 further includes multiple logical ports 623 to which physical ports are linked once allocated to a virtual device abstraction proxy. Main memory 604 and its sub-elements (e.g. 623 and 624) are operable in conjunction with processing logic 626 and processor 602 to perform the methodologies discussed herein.
Processor 602 represents one or more general-purpose processing devices such as a microprocessor, central processing unit, or the like. More particularly, the processor 602 may be a complex instruction set computing (CISC) microprocessor, reduced instruction set computing (RISC) microprocessor, very long instruction word (VLIW) microprocessor, processor implementing other instruction sets, or processors implementing a combination of instruction sets. Processor 602 may also be one or more special-purpose processing devices such as an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field programmable gate array (FPGA), a digital signal processor (DSP), network processor, or the like. Processor 602 is configured to execute the processing logic 626 for performing the operations and functionality, which is discussed herein.
The computer system 600 may further include a network interface card 608. The computer system 600 also may include a user interface 610 (such as a video display unit, a liquid crystal display (LCD), or a cathode ray tube (CRT)), an alphanumeric input device 612 (e.g., a keyboard), a cursor control device 614 (e.g., a mouse), and a signal generation device 616 (e.g., an integrated speaker). The computer system 600 may further include peripheral device 636 (e.g., wireless or wired communication devices, memory devices, storage devices, audio processing devices, video processing devices, etc.). The computer system 600 may perform the functions of a Device Abstraction Proxy 634 capable of provisioning virtual access aggregation devices, configuring such virtual access aggregation devices, and authorizing requested changes, access to, or configurations of virtual access aggregation devices including logical ports therein, and defining/enforcing operational constraints upon logical ports within the virtual access aggregation devices, as well as the various other functions and operations described herein.
The secondary memory 618 may include a non-transitory machine-readable storage medium (or more specifically a non-transitory machine-accessible storage medium) 631 on which is stored one or more sets of instructions (e.g., software 622) embodying any one or more of the methodologies or functions described herein. Software 622 may also reside, or alternatively reside within main memory 604, and may further reside completely or at least partially within the processor 602 during execution thereof by the computer system 600, the main memory 604 and the processor 602 also constituting machine-readable storage media. The software 622 may further be transmitted or received over a network 620 via the network interface card 608.
While the subject matter disclosed herein has been described by way of example and in terms of the specific embodiments, it is to be understood that the claimed embodiments are not limited to the explicitly enumerated embodiments disclosed. To the contrary, the disclosure is intended to cover various modifications and similar arrangements as would be apparent to those skilled in the art. Therefore, the scope of the appended claims should be accorded the broadest interpretation so as to encompass all such modifications and similar arrangements. It is to be understood that the above description is intended to be illustrative, and not restrictive. Many other embodiments will be apparent to those of skill in the art upon reading and understanding the above description. The scope of the disclosed subject matter is therefore to be determined in reference to the appended claims, along with the full scope of equivalents to which such claims are entitled.
This application is a continuation of previously filed and copending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/891,320, entitled, “DSL NEIGHBORHOOD DIAGNOSTICS,” naming as inventors Kenneth J. Kerpez, John Cioffi, and Marc Goldburg, and filed on Nov. 13, 2015, which is the US national phase of PCT Patent Application No. PCT/US2013/041016, filed on May 14, 2013, which applications are hereby incorporated herein by reference in their entireties.
| Number | Name | Date | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 10263866 | Kerpez | Apr 2019 | B2 |
| 20080060030 | Chang | Mar 2008 | A1 |
| 20160087864 | Kerpez | Mar 2016 | A1 |
| 20180331920 | Goldburg | Nov 2018 | A1 |
| Number | Date | Country |
|---|---|---|
| WO-0210944 | Feb 2002 | WO |
| WO-2011002459 | Jan 2011 | WO |
| WO-2011054006 | May 2011 | WO |
| WO-2012091725 | Jul 2012 | WO |
| Entry |
|---|
| ATIS Standard 0600007, “Dynamic Spectrum Management Technical Report, Issue 2,” Nov. 2012 (167pgs). |
| NICC ND-1513, “Report on Dynamic Spectrum Management (DSM) Methods in the UK Access Network,” Jan. 2010 (53pgs). |
| NICC ND 1602 V7.1.1, “Specification of the Access Network Frequency Plan applicable to transmission systems connected to the BT Access Network,” Feb. 2019 (54pgs). |
| ANSI standard T1.417, “Spectrum Management for Loop Transmission Systems,” 2003 (205pgs). |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20190222495 A1 | Jul 2019 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 14891320 | US | |
| Child | 16365486 | US |
