There are no related applications.
The invention generally relates to antennas and, in particular, to a broadband monopole antenna with dual radiating structures for use in wireless communication systems.
Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide, for example, a broad range of voice and data-related services. Typical wireless communication systems consist of multiple-access communication networks that allow users of wireless devices to share common network resources. These networks typically require multiple-band antennas for transmitting and receiving radio frequency (“RF”) signals from wireless devices. Examples of such networks are the global system for mobile communication (“GSM”), which operates between 890 MHz and 960 MHz; the digital communications system (“DCS”), which operates between 1710 MHz and 1880 MHz; the personal communication system (“PCS”), which operates between 1850 MHz and 1990 MHz; and the universal mobile telecommunications system (“UMTS”), which operates between 1920 MHz and 2170 MHz.
In addition, emerging and future wireless communication systems may require wireless devices and infrastructure equipment such as a base station to operate new modes of communication at different frequency bands to support, for instance, higher data rates, increased functionality and more users. Examples of these emerging systems are the single carrier frequency division multiple access (“SC-FDMA”) system, the orthogonal frequency division multiple access (“OFDMA”) system, and other like systems. An OFDMA system is supported by various technology standards such as evolved universal terrestrial radio access (“E-UTRA”), Wi-Fi, worldwide interoperability for microwave access (“WiMAX”), wireless broadband (“WiBro”), ultra mobile broadband (“UMB”), long-term evolution (“LTE”), and other similar standards.
Moreover, wireless devices and infrastructure equipment may provide additional functionality that requires using other wireless communication systems that operate at different frequency bands. Examples of these other systems are the wireless local area network (“WLAN”) system, the IEEE 802.11b system and the Bluetooth system, which operate between 2400 MHz and 2484 MHz; the WLAN system, the IEEE 802.11a system and the HiperLAN system, which operate between 5150 MHz and 5350 MHz; the global positioning system (“GPS”), which operates at 1575 MHz; and other like systems.
Further, many wireless communication systems in both government and industry require a broadband, low profile antenna. Such systems may require antennas that simultaneously support multiple frequency bands. Further, such systems may require dual polarization to support polarization diversity, polarization frequency re-use, or other similar polarization operation.
In order for this disclosure to be understood and put into practice by one having ordinary skill in the art, reference is now made to exemplary embodiments as illustrated by reference to the accompanying figures. Like reference numbers refer to identical or functionally similar elements throughout the accompanying figures. The figures along with the detailed description are incorporated and form part of the specification and serve to further illustrate exemplary embodiments and explain various principles and advantages, in accordance with this disclosure, where:
Skilled artisans will appreciate that elements in the accompanying figures are illustrated for clarity, simplicity and to further help improve understanding of the exemplary embodiments, and have not necessarily been drawn to scale.
Although the following discloses exemplary methods, devices and systems for use in wireless communication systems, it will be understood by one of ordinary skill in the art that the teachings of this disclosure are in no way limited to the exemplary embodiments shown. On the contrary, it is contemplated that the teachings of this disclosure may be implemented in alternative configurations and environments. For example, although the exemplary methods, devices and systems described herein are described in conjunction with a configuration for aforementioned wireless communication systems, those of ordinary skill in the art will readily recognize that the exemplary methods, devices and systems may be used in other wireless communication systems and may be configured to correspond to such other systems as needed. Accordingly, while the following describes exemplary methods, devices and systems of use thereof, persons of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the disclosed exemplary embodiments are not the only way to implement such methods, devices and systems, and the drawings and descriptions should be regarded as illustrative in nature and not restrictive.
Various techniques described herein can be used for various wireless communication systems. The various aspects described herein are presented as methods, devices and systems that can include a number of components, elements, members, modules, peripherals, or the like. Further, these methods, devices and systems can include or not include additional components, elements, members, modules, peripherals, or the like. It is important to note that the terms “network” and “system” can be used interchangeably. Relational terms described herein such as “above” and “below”, “left” and “right”, “first” and “second”, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. The term “or” is intended to mean an inclusive “or” rather than an exclusive “or.” Further, the terms “a” and “an” are intended to mean one or more unless specified otherwise or clear from the context to be directed to a singular form. The term “electrically connected” as described herein comprises at least by means of a conducting path, or through a capacitor, as distinguished from connected merely through electromagnetic induction.
Wireless communication systems typically consist of a plurality of wireless devices and a plurality of base stations. A base station can also be referred to as a node-B (“NodeB”), a base transceiver station (“BTS”), an access point (“AP”), a satellite, a router, or some other equivalent terminology. A base station typically contains one or more RF transmitters, RF receivers or both electrically connected to one or more antennas to communicate with wireless devices.
A wireless device used in a wireless communication system may also be referred to as a mobile station (“MS”), a terminal, a cellular phone, a cellular handset, a personal digital assistant (“PDA”), a smartphone, a handheld computer, a desktop computer, a laptop computer, a tablet computer, a printer, a set-top box, a television, a wireless appliance, or some other equivalent terminology. A wireless device may contain one or more RF transmitters, RF receivers or both electrically connected to one or more antennas to communicate with a base station. Further, a wireless device may be fixed or mobile and may have the ability to move through a wireless communication network.
In the current embodiment, the wireless device 101 can be capable of two-way voice communication, two-way data communication, or both including with the base station 102. The voice and data communications may be associated with the same or different networks using the same or different base stations 102. The detailed design of the transceiver 106 of the wireless device 101 is dependent on the wireless communication system used. When the wireless device 101 is operating two-way data communication with the base station 102, a text message, for instance, can be received at the antenna 111, can be processed by the receiver 108 of the transceiver 106, and can be provided to the processor 103.
In
In addition, the other RF communication subsystem 110 may be integrated in wireless device 101. For example, the other RF communication subsystem 110 may include a GPS receiver that uses the antenna 111 of the wireless device 101 to receive information from one or more GPS satellites 125. Further, the other RF communication subsystem 110 may use the antenna 111 of the wireless device 101 for transmitting RF signals, receiving RF signals or both.
Similarly, the base station 102 can include a processor 113 coupled to a memory 114 and a transceiver 116, which can be utilized by the base station 102 to implement various aspects described herein. The transceiver 116 of the base station 102 can include one or more transmitters 117, one or more receivers 118, or both. Further, associated with base station 102, one or more transmitters 117, one or more receivers 118, or both can be electrically connected to one or more antennas 121.
In
In this example, the length of the shortest radiating elements 234 and 235 can determine the maximum frequency of the radiating structure 200, while the longest radiating element, the central element 230, can determine the minimum frequency of the structure 200. One skilled in the art will appreciate that the length of the radiating element of the present disclosure is not limited to a quarter wavelength of the desired resonant frequency, but other lengths may be chosen, such as a half wavelength of the desired resonant frequency.
In addition, the lengths of the radiating elements can define the shape of the radiating structure 200. The shape of the radiating structure 200 can be important in, for instance, the flatness of the frequency response of the structure 200. The shape of the radiating structure 200 can in effect provide a plurality of separate pairs of radiating elements for each frequency within the desired bandwidth of such structure. Further, the shape of the radiating structure 200 can determine the operating frequency bandwidth, input impedance, resonant frequency, polarization characteristics, or any combination thereof. It is important to recognize that while this example uses a generally petal figure for the shape of the radiating structure 200, other shapes can be used such as a circle, rectangle, triangle, oval, cone, square, diamond, some other similar shape, or any combination thereof.
It is important to recognize that the radiating structure 200 is meant to provide a useful understanding of the operation of the various exemplary embodiments of this disclosure. In these embodiments, the radiating structure 200 can be a substantially continuous conductor composed of a substantially infinite number of radiating elements with the radiating elements conceptually representing conducting pathways within such conductor. The radiating structure 200 can be fabricated from, for instance, a thin sheet of substantially uniform resistance material such as copper, aluminum, gold, silver, or other metallic material using a stamping process or any other fabrication technique such as depositing a conductive film on a substrate, or etching previously deposited conductor from a substrate. Further, such fabrication techniques can form the radiating structure 200 into any shape such as a circle, square, triangle, oval, cone, petal, diamond, or some other similar shape. For further information on such radiating structures or in general, see Balanis, Antenna Theory Analysis and Design, 3rd ed., Wiley, 2005.
In another embodiment, the radiating structure 200 can be self-supporting and formed from, for instance, a thin sheet of metallic material.
In
In the current example, the ground plane 336 can be formed from any conducting or partially conducting material such as a portion of a circuit board, copper sheet, or both. The radiating structure 200 can have a feed point 340 at its base and along the central axis 331. Further, the feeding line 342 can pass through or around the ground plane 336 to the base of the radiating structure 200 to the feed point 340.
In the current example, the ground plane 436 can be formed from any conducting or partially conducting material such as a portion of a circuit board, copper planar, or both. Each radiating structure 200a and 200b can have a feed point 440a and 440b, respectively, at its base along the central axis 431. Further, the feeding line 442 can pass through or around the ground plane 436 to the base of each radiating structure 200a and 200b, which can allow the feeding line 442 to connect to each feed point 440a and 440b.
In
In this embodiment, the antenna 500 can resonate and operate in one or more frequency bands. For example, an RF signal in one of the operating frequency bands is received by the antenna 500 and converted from an electromagnetic signal to an electrical signal for input to a receiver, wherein the receiver is electrically connected to the antenna 500 via the feed points 540a and 540b. Similarly, an electrical signal in one of the operating frequency bands is input to the antenna 500 for conversion to an electromagnetic signal via the feed points 540a and 540b, which are electrically connected to a transmitter.
In
In the current embodiment, the first slot 548a can be formed in a central location of the radiating structure 200a along the central axis 531. The function of a slot includes physically partitioning the radiating member into a subset of radiating members, providing reactive loading to modify the resonant frequency or frequencies of a radiating member, modifying the frequency bandwidth of a radiating member, providing further impedance matching for a radiating member, changing the polarization characteristics of a radiating member, or any combination thereof. Further, the first open-ended strip 546a corresponding to first slot 548a can be formed in a central location of the radiating structure 200a along the central axis 531, wherein a side of the open-ended strip 546a can extend to the edge of the radiating structure 200a to form a notch. The function of a strip includes providing reactive loading to modify the resonant frequency or frequencies of a radiating member, modifying the frequency bandwidth of a radiating member, providing further impedance matching for a radiating member, changing the polarization characteristics of a radiating member, or any combination thereof.
Similarly, the second slot 548b can be formed in a central location of radiating structure 200b along the central axis 532. Further, the second open-ended strip 546b corresponding to second slot 548b can be formed in a central location of radiating structure 200a along the central axis 531, wherein a side of the open-ended strip 546b can extend to the edge of the radiating structure 200b to form a notch. The location, length, width, shape, or any combination thereof of the first and second slots 548a and 548b, respectively, can be adjusted to modify the operating frequency bandwidth, input impedance, resonant frequency, polarization characteristics, or any combination thereof of the antenna 500. Further, the location, length, width, shape, or any combination thereof of the first and second open-ended strips 548a and 548b, respectively, can be adjusted to modify the operating frequency bandwidth, input impedance, resonant frequency, polarization characteristics, or any combination thereof of the antenna 500.
In addition, the angle of the first and second open-ended strips 546a and 546b relative to radiating structure 200a and 200b, respectively, can be adjusted to modify the operating frequency bandwidth, input impedance, resonant frequency, polarization characteristics, or any combination thereof of the antenna 500. Tuning of the input impedance of an antenna typically refers to matching the impedance seen by an antenna at its input terminals such that the input impedance is purely resistive with no reactive component.
In another embodiment, the feeding line 542 can be configured as a coaxial cable with an internal terminal electrically connected to the first and second feed points 540a and 540b, respectively, and the outside terminal electrically connected to the ground plane 536.
In another embodiment, the feeding line 542 can be differentially configured as a coaxial cable with an internal terminal electrically connected to the first feed point 540a and the outside terminal electrically connected to the second feed point 540b.
In another embodiment, a dielectric material can be set between any combination of the radiating structure 200a, the radiating structure 200b, and the ground plane 536. The dielectric material can be, for instance, the air, a substrate, a polystyrene, or any combination thereof.
In another embodiment, the first open-ended strip 546a corresponding to first slot 548a can be formed in a central location of the radiating structure 200a along the central axis 531, wherein no sides of the open-ended strip 546a can extend to the edge of the radiating structure 200a to form a notch. Similarly, the second open-ended strip 546b corresponding to second slot 548b can be formed in a central location of radiating structure 200a along the central axis 531, wherein no sides of the open-ended strip 546b can extend to the edge of the radiating structure 200b to form a notch.
In another embodiment, RF signals in one or more operating frequency bands of antenna 500 can be received and transmitted by the radiating structures 200a and 200b of antenna 500 of wireless device 101. An RF signal in one of the operating frequency bands can be received by the antenna 500 and converted from an electromagnetic signal to an electrical signal for input to the receiver 108 of the transceiver 106, the short-range RF communication subsystem 109, the other RF communication device 110, or any combination thereof, which is electrically connected to the first and second feed points 540a and 540b. Similarly, an electrical signal in one of the operating frequency bands can be input to the antenna 500 for conversion to an electromagnetic signal via the first and second feed points 540a and 540b, respectively, which are electrically connected to the transmitter 107 of the transceiver 106, the short-range RF communication subsystem 109, the other RF communication subsystem 110, or any combination thereof.
In another embodiment, RF signals in one or more operating frequency bands of antenna 500 can be received and transmitted by the radiating structures 200a and 200b of antenna 500 of base station 102. An RF signal in one of the operating frequency bands can be received by the antenna 500 and converted from an electromagnetic signal to an electrical signal for input to the receiver 118 of the transceiver 116, which is electrically connected to the first and second feed points 540a and 540b. Similarly, an electrical signal in one of the operating frequency bands can be input to the antenna 500 for conversion to an electromagnetic signal via the first and second feed points 540a and 540b, respectively, which are electrically connected to the transmitter 117 of the transceiver 116.
In this embodiment, the ground plane 636 can be formed from any conducting or partially conducting material such as a portion of a circuit board, copper planar, or both. The feeding line 642 can pass through or around the ground plane 636 to be electrically connected to the first and second feed points 640a and 640b, which can be located at the base of each radiating structure 200a and 200b, respectively. The feeding line 642 can be, for instance, a microstrip feed line, a probe feed, an aperture-coupled feed, a proximity coupled feed, other feed, or any combination thereof. The feeding line 642 can be, electrically connected to the first and second feed points 640a and 640b, respectively, for transmitting RF signals, receiving RF signals, or both.
In
In the current embodiment, a third angle 652a measured between the strip 646a and the structure 200a can be adjusted to modify the operating frequency bandwidth, input impedance, resonant frequency, polarization characteristics, or any combination thereof of the antenna 600. Similarly, a fourth angle 652b measured between the strip 646b and the structure 200b can be adjusted to modify the operating frequency bandwidth, input impedance, resonant frequency, polarization characteristics, or any combination thereof of the antenna 600. The angles 650a, 650b, 652a and 652b can be in the range from zero degrees to three hundred and sixty degrees. It is important to recognize that modifying the operating frequency bandwidth, input impedance, resonant frequency, polarization characteristics, or any combination thereof may require adjusting the first angle 650a, second angle 650b, third angle 652a, fourth angle 652b, or any combination thereof to achieve the desired results.
In
In another embodiment, the first and second angles 650a and 650b are about forty-five degrees measured between the structures 200a and 200b and the ground plane 636, respectively. Further, the third and fourth angles 652a and 652b are about zero degrees measured between the strips 646a and 646b and the structures 200a and 200b, respectively.
In another embodiment, the first and second angles 650a and 650b are about sixty degrees measured between the structures 200a and 200b and the ground plane 636, respectively. Further, the third and fourth angles 652a and 652b are about zero degrees measured between the strips 646a and 646b and the structures 200a and 200b, respectively.
In another embodiment, the feeding line 642 can be configured as a coaxial cable with an internal terminal electrically connected to the first and second feed points 640a and 640b, respectively, and the outside terminal electrically connected to the ground plane 636.
In another embodiment, the feeding line 642 can be differentially configured as a coaxial cable with an internal terminal electrically connected to the first feed point 640a and the outside terminal electrically connected to the second feed point 640b.
In another embodiment, a dielectric material can be set between any combination of the radiating structure 200a, the radiating structure 200b, and the ground plane 636.
In the current embodiment, the ground plane 736 can be formed from any conducting or partially conducting material such as a portion of a circuit board, copper planar, or both. The feeding line 742 can pass through or around the ground plane 736 to be electrically connected to the first and second feed points 740a and 740b, which can be located at the base of each radiating structure 200a and 200b, respectively. The feeding line 742 can be, for instance, a micro-strip feed line, a probe feed, an aperture-coupled feed, a proximity coupled feed, other feed, or any combination thereof. The feeding line 742 can be, electrically connected to the first and second feed points 740a and 740b, respectively, for transmitting RF signals, receiving RF signals, or both.
In this embodiment, a first angle 750a measured between the structure 200a and ground plane 736 can be adjusted to modify the operating frequency bandwidth, input impedance, resonant frequency, polarization characteristics, or any combination thereof of the antenna 700. Similarly, a second angle 750b measured between the structure 200b and the ground plane 736 can be adjusted to modify the operating frequency bandwidth, input impedance, resonant frequency, polarization characteristics, or any combination thereof of the antenna 700. Further, a third angle 752a measured between the strip 746a and the structure 200a can be adjusted to modify the operating frequency bandwidth, input impedance, resonant frequency, polarization characteristics, or any combination thereof of the antenna 700. Similarly, a fourth angle 752b measured between the strip 746b and the structure 200b can be adjusted to modify the operating frequency bandwidth, input impedance, resonant frequency, polarization characteristics, or any combination thereof of the antenna 700. The angles 750a, 750b, 752a and 752b can be in the range from zero degrees to three hundred and sixty degrees. It is important to recognize that modifying the operating frequency bandwidth, input impedance, resonant frequency, polarization characteristics, or any combination thereof may require adjusting the first angle 750a, second angle 750b, third angle 752a, fourth angle 752b, or any combination thereof to achieve the desired results.
In
In another embodiment, the first and second angles 750a and 750b are about ninety degrees measured between the structures 200a and 200b and the ground plane 736, respectively. Further, the third and fourth angles 752a and 752b are about zero degrees measured between the strips 746a and 746b and the structures 200a and 200b, respectively.
In another embodiment, the feeding line 742 can be configured as a coaxial cable with an internal terminal electrically connected to the first and second feed points 740a and 740b, respectively, and the outside terminal electrically connected to the ground plane 736.
In another embodiment, the feeding line 742 can be differentially configured as a coaxial cable with an internal terminal electrically connected to the first feed point 740a and the outside terminal electrically connected to the second feed point 740b.
In another embodiment, dielectric material can reside between all or a portion of the radiating structure 200a and the radiating structure 200b.
In another embodiment, a dielectric material can be set between any combination of the radiating structure 200a, the radiating structure 200b, and the ground plane 736.
In another embodiment, the distance between the radiating structure 200a and the radiating structure 200b can be adjusted to modify the operating frequency bandwidth, input impedance, resonant frequency, polarization characteristics, or any combination thereof of the antenna 700.
In another embodiment, the distance between the radiating structure 200a and the radiating structure 200b can be less than a wavelength of the smallest resonant frequency of the antenna 700.
In this embodiment, the ground plane 836 can be formed from any conducting or partially conducting material such as a portion of a circuit board, copper planar, or both. The feeding line 842 can pass through or around the ground plane 836 to be electrically connected to the first and second feed points 840a and 840b, which can be located at the base of each radiating structure 200a and 200b, respectively. The feeding line 842 can be, for instance, a micro-strip feed line, a probe feed, an aperture-coupled feed, a proximity coupled feed, other feed, or any combination thereof. The feeding line 842 can be electrically connected to the first and second feed points 840a and 840b, respectively, for transmitting RF signals, receiving RF signals, or both.
In the current embodiment, a first angle 850a measured between the structure 200a and ground plane 836 can be adjusted to modify the operating frequency bandwidth, input impedance, resonant frequency, polarization characteristics, or any combination thereof of the antenna 800. Similarly, a second angle 850b measured between the structure 200b and the ground plane 836 can be adjusted to modify the operating frequency bandwidth, input impedance, resonant frequency, polarization characteristics, or any combination thereof of the antenna 800. Further, a third angle 852a measured between the strip 846a and the structure 200a can be adjusted to modify the operating frequency bandwidth, input impedance, resonant frequency, polarization characteristics, or any combination thereof of the antenna 800. Similarly, a fourth angle 852b measured between the strip 846b and the structure 200b can be adjusted to modify the operating frequency bandwidth, input impedance, resonant frequency, polarization characteristics, or any combination thereof of the antenna 800. The angles 850a, 850b, 852a and 852b can be in the range from zero degrees up to three hundred and sixty degrees. It is important to recognize that modifying the operating frequency bandwidth, input impedance, resonant frequency, polarization characteristics, or any combination thereof may require adjusting the first angle 850a, second angle 850b, third angle 852a, fourth angle 852b, or any combination thereof to achieve the desired results.
In
In another embodiment, the first angle 850a is about ninety degrees measured between the structure 200a and the ground plane 836. The second angle 850b is about zero degrees measured between the structure 200b and the ground plane 836. Further, the third and fourth angles 852a and 852b are about zero degrees measured between the strips 846a and 846b the structure 200a and 200b, respectively.
In another embodiment, the structures 200a and 200b form about a ninety degree angle.
In another embodiment, the structures 200a and 200b form about a zero degree angle.
In another embodiment, the feeding line 842 can be configured as a coaxial cable with an internal terminal electrically connected to the first and second feed points 840a and 840b, respectively, and the outside terminal electrically connected to the ground plane 836.
In another embodiment, the feeding line 842 can be differentially configured as a coaxial cable with an internal terminal electrically connected to the first feed point 840a and the outside terminal electrically connected to the second feed point 840b.
In another embodiment, a dielectric material can be set between any combination of the radiating structure 200a, the radiating structure 200b, and the ground plane 836.
In this embodiment, the ground plane 936 can be formed from any conducting or partially conducting material such as a portion of a circuit board, copper planar, or both. The feeding line 942 can pass through or around the ground plane 936 to be electrically connected to the first and second feed points 940a and 940b, which can be located at the base of each radiating structure 200a and 200b, respectively. The feeding line 942 can be, for instance, a micro-strip feed line, a probe feed, an aperture-coupled feed, a proximity coupled feed, other feed, or any combination thereof. The feeding line 942 can be, for instance, placed on the surface of ground plane 936 and electrically connected to the first and second feed points 940a and 940b, respectively, for transmitting RF signals, receiving RF signals, or both.
In the current embodiment, a first angle 950a measured between the structure 200a and ground plane 936 can be adjusted to modify the operating frequency bandwidth, input impedance, resonant frequency, polarization characteristics, or any combination thereof of the antenna 900. Similarly, a second angle 950b measured between the structure 200b and the ground plane 936 can be adjusted to modify the operating frequency bandwidth, input impedance, resonant frequency, polarization characteristics, or any combination thereof of the antenna 900. Further, a third angle 952a measured between the strip 946a and the structure 200a can be adjusted to modify the operating frequency bandwidth, input impedance, resonant frequency, polarization characteristics, or any combination thereof of the antenna 800. Similarly, a fourth angle 952b measured between the strip 946b and the structure 200b can be adjusted to modify the operating frequency bandwidth, input impedance, resonant frequency, polarization characteristics, or any combination thereof of the antenna 900. The angles 950a, 950b, 952a and 952b can be in the range from zero degrees to three hundred and sixty degrees. It is important to recognize that modifying the operating frequency bandwidth, input impedance, resonant frequency, polarization characteristics, or any combination thereof may require adjusting the first angle 950a, second angle 950b, third angle 952a, fourth angle 952b, or any combination thereof to achieve the desired results.
In
In another embodiment, the feeding line 942 can be configured as a coaxial cable with an internal terminal electrically connected to the first and second feed points 940a and 940b, respectively, and the outside terminal electrically connected to the ground plane 936.
In another embodiment, the feeding line 942 can be differentially configured as a coaxial cable with an internal terminal electrically connected to the first feed point 940a and the outside terminal electrically connected to the second feed point 940b.
In another embodiment, a dielectric material can be set between any combination of the radiating structure 200a, the radiating structure 200b, and the ground plane 936.
In this embodiment, the antenna 1000 can resonate and operate in one or more frequency bands. For example, an RF signal in one of the operating frequency bands is received by the antenna 1000 and converted from an electromagnetic signal to an electrical signal for input to a receiver, wherein the receiver is electrically connected to the antenna 1000 via the feed points 1040a and 1040b. Similarly, an electrical signal in one of the operating frequency bands is input to the antenna 1000 for conversion to an electromagnetic signal via the feed points 1040a and 1040b, which are electrically connected to a transmitter.
In the current embodiment, the ground plane 1036 can be formed from any conducting or partially conducting material such as a portion of a circuit board, copper planar, or both. The feeding line 1042 can pass through or around the ground plane 1036 to be electrically connected to the first and second feed points 1040a and 1040b, which can be located at the base of each radiating structure 200a and 200b, respectively. The feeding line 1042 can be, for instance, a micro-strip feed line, a probe feed, an aperture-coupled feed, a proximity coupled feed, other feed, or any combination thereof. The feeding line 1042 can be, for instance, placed on the surface of ground plane 1036 and electrically connected to the first and second feed points 1040a and 1040b, respectively, for transmitting RF signals, receiving RF signals, or both. The feeding line 1042 can be, for example, a sub-miniature version A (“SMA”) connector, wherein an internal terminal can act as a feeding point to the first and second feed points 1040a and 1040b, respectively, and the outside terminal can be electrically connected to the ground plane 1036. SMA connectors are coaxial RF connectors developed as a minimal connector interface for a coaxial cable with a screw-type coupling mechanism. An SMA connector typically has a fifty-ohm impedance and offers excellent electrical performance over a broad frequency range.
In
In another embodiment, the first open-ended strip 1046a corresponding to first slot 1048a can be formed in a central location of the radiating structure 200a along the central axis 1031, wherein a side of the open-ended strip 1046a can extend to the edge of the radiating structure 200a to form a notch. Similarly, the second open-ended strip 1046b corresponding to second slot 1048b can be formed in a central location of radiating structure 200a along the central axis 1031, wherein a side of the open-ended strip 1046b can extend to the edge of the radiating structure 200b to form a notch.
In another embodiment, the feeding line 1042 can be configured as a coaxial cable with an internal terminal electrically connected to the first and second feed points 1040a and 1040b, respectively, and the outside terminal electrically connected to the ground plane 1036.
In another embodiment, the feeding line 1042 can be differentially configured as a coaxial cable with an internal terminal electrically connected to the first feed point 1040a and the outside terminal electrically connected to the second feed point 1040b.
In another embodiment, a dielectric material can be set between any combination of the radiating structure 200a, the radiating structure 200b, and the ground plane 1036.
In this embodiment, the ground plane 1136 can be formed from any conducting or partially conducting material such as a portion of a circuit board, copper planar, or both. The feeding line 1142 can pass through or around the ground planar 1136 to be electrically connected to the first and second feed points 1140a and 1140b, which can be located at the base of each radiating structure 200a and 200b, respectively. The feeding line 1142 can be, for instance, a micro-strip feed line, a probe feed, an aperture-coupled feed, a proximity coupled feed, other feed, or any combination thereof. The feeding line 1142 can be, for instance, placed on the surface of ground plane 1136 and electrically connected to the first and second feed points 1140a and 1140b, respectively, for transmitting RF signals, receiving RF signals, or both.
In addition, a first angle 1150a measured between the structure 200a and ground plane 1136 can be adjusted to modify the operating frequency bandwidth, input impedance, resonant frequency, polarization characteristics, or any combination thereof of the antenna 1100. Similarly, a second angle 1150b measured between the structure 200b and the ground plane 1136 can be adjusted to modify the operating frequency bandwidth, input impedance, resonant frequency, polarization characteristics, or any combination thereof of the antenna 1100. Further, a third angle 1152a measured between the strip 1146a and the structure 200a can be adjusted to modify the operating frequency bandwidth, input impedance, resonant frequency, polarization characteristics, or any combination thereof of the antenna 1100. Similarly, a fourth angle 1152b measured between the strip 1146b and the structure 200b can be adjusted to modify the operating frequency bandwidth, input impedance, resonant frequency, polarization characteristics, or any combination thereof of the antenna 1100. The angles 1150a, 1150b, 1152a and 1152b can be in the range from zero degrees to three hundred and sixty degrees. It is important to recognize that modifying the operating frequency bandwidth, input impedance, resonant frequency, polarization characteristics, or any combination thereof may require individually or collectively adjusting any of the angles 1150a, 1150b, 1152a, and 1152b to achieve the desired results.
In this embodiment, the radiating structure 200a, the radiating structure 200b, the ground plane 1136, the first open-ended strip 1146a, the second open-ended strip 1146b, or any combination thereof may be curved, bent, arched, contorted, twisted or any combination thereof to modify the operating frequency bandwidth, input impedance, resonant frequency, polarization characteristics, or any combination thereof of the antenna 1100. Further, the radiating structure 200a, the radiating structure 200b, the ground plane 1136, the feeding line 1142, the first open-ended strip 1146a, the second open-ended strip 1146b, or any combination thereof may be curved, bent, arched, contorted, twisted, spiraled, or any combination thereof to, for instance, reduce the length, width, depth or any combination thereof of the antenna 1100, conform to surface profiles, conform to the housing of a wireless device or base station, conform to the internal structure of a wireless device or base station, or any combination thereof.
In
In another embodiment, the feeding line 1142 can be configured as a coaxial cable with an internal terminal electrically connected to the first and second feed points 1140a and 1140b, respectively, and the outside terminal electrically connected to the ground plane 1136.
In another embodiment, the feeding line 1142 can be differentially configured as a coaxial cable with an internal terminal electrically connected to the first feed point 1140a and the outside terminal electrically connected to the second feed point 1140b.
In another embodiment, a dielectric material can be set between any combination of the radiating structure 200a, the radiating structure 200b, and the ground plane 1136.
In
In this embodiment, the ground plane 1236 can be formed from any conducting or partially conducting material such as a portion of a circuit board, copper sheet, or both. The radiating structure 200 can have a feed point 1240 at its base and along the central axis 1231. Further, the feeding line 1242 can pass through or around the ground plane 1236 to the base of the radiating structure 200 to the feed point 1240.
In addition, the slot 1248 can be formed in a central location of radiating structure 200a along the central axis 1231. Further, the open-ended strip 1246 corresponding to slot 1248 can be formed in a central location of radiating structure 200a along the central axis 1231, a side of the open-ended strip 1246 can extend to the edge of the radiating structure 200 to form a notch. The length and width of the slot 1248 can be adjusted to modify the operating frequency bandwidth, input impedance, resonant frequency, or any combination thereof of the antenna 1200. Similarly, the length, width, and shape of the open-ended strip 1248 can be adjusted to modify the operating frequency bandwidth, input impedance, resonant frequency, or any combination thereof of the antenna 1200. Further, the angle of the open-ended strip 1246 relative to the central location of the radiating structure 200 can be adjusted to modify the operating frequency bandwidth, input impedance, resonant frequency, or any combination thereof of the antenna 1200.
In another embodiment, the first open-ended strip 1246 corresponding to the slot 1248 can be formed in a central location of the radiating structure 200 along the central axis 1231, wherein no sides of the open-ended strip 1246 can extend to the edge of the radiating structure 200 to form a notch.
In another embodiment, a dielectric material can be set between the radiating structure 200 and the ground plane 1236.
Having shown and described exemplary embodiments, further adaptations of the methods, devices and systems described herein may be accomplished by appropriate modifications by one of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. Several of such potential modifications have been mentioned, and others will be apparent to those skilled in the art. For instance, the exemplars, embodiments, and the like discussed above are illustrative and are not necessarily required. Accordingly, the scope of the present disclosure should be considered in terms of the following claims and is understood not to be limited to the details of structure, operation and function shown and described in the specification and drawings.
As set forth above, the described disclosure includes the aspects set forth below.