Patent Grant
11025126
This is a non-provisional application that claims the benefit of priority under 35 U.S.C. § 119(a-e) to Chinese application number 201720267766.5, filed Mar. 20, 2017 and application number 201720267736.4, filed Mar. 20, 2017.
A portion of the disclosure of this patent document contains material which is subject to copyright protection. The copyright owner has no objection to any reproduction by anyone of the patent disclosure, as it appears in the United States Patent and Trademark Office patent files or records, but otherwise reserves all copyright rights whatsoever.
The present invention relates to brushed DC motor, and more particularly to a brushed DC motor including a motor shell containing a rotatable armature rotor covered by a brush cap affixing at least a pair of brushes in a sunken manner thereon, and a manufacturing method of the brushed DC motor.
With development and application of technology of the electrical motor, more and more devices are hardly to have excellent performance without the motor to drive. Although there are brushless motor and AC motor widely used in devices for driving, but the brushed DC motor is still a preferred choice in many situations that require DC power supply and simply controlling. Especially, considering with the field to the power supply, the speed and torque characteristics of the brushed motor are less complicated to be controlled, and easily to be controlled to provide required speed or speed inversely proportional to the mechanical load.
However, the traditional brushed motor has disadvantages mostly resulted from the brush which is a mechanical structure for conducting the current between stationary wires and moving armature. The brush is the key component of the traditional brushed motor, since the armature is rotated by changing conducted current via the brush.
The disadvantages and problems of the conventional brushed motor are illustrated as follows, mainly pointing out the structure of the conventional brush. The conventional brush is made of carbon or copper carbon pieces to be disposed on the surface of a cover of the brushed motor. Usually, the conventional brushes are stuck in a case to be independently protruded on the surface of the cover and a plurality of connecting wires is simply placed to be connected with a control cable and the brushes for conducting current between a stationary controlling cable and a commutator rotated with an armature. The brushes and the connecting wires are easily worn down as time passed that adversely effects the life span of the brushed motor. Also, the length of the conventional motor is mostly depended on the thickness of the brush and the length of the armature. As the armature is in symmetrical shape and corresponding to the stator, the balance of the traditional motor is decided by the brush structure and the output shaft end. In some applications related with water, well sealing of the conventional brushed motor needs comprehensive design with the output shaft end.
The brushes of the conventional brushed motor are required to be replaced frequently to maintain effectively connection with the commutator. Accordingly, the traditional brushed motor has a lower cost in production but a relatively higher cost in maintenance due to the requirement of frequent replacement of the worn-down brushes which is unfriendly in operation and usage. In other words, the brush replacement requirement becomes a severe problem of the conventional brushed motor. Furthermore, the traditional brushed motor is designed to have high output torque and should be lasting long in high temperature environment. This short coming could result in severe overheating of the commutator, overheating of the connecting wires, damages of the brushes, and potential welding of the brushes to the commutator. Therefore, the brushes, the armature and the connection of the brushes and the armature which forms a complete electrical circuit for the motor to run are desired to have a solution that meets higher standards and requirement to avoid waste of the brushes, additional cost of replacing the brushes and power being drained rapidly, and to provide a more durable performance.
The invention is advantageous in that it provides a brushed DC motor comprising a brush cap with at least a pair of brushes affixed in a sunken manner for covering a motor shell containing an armature rotor therein, so as to reduce a size of the brushed DC motor, avoid overheating and provide durable performance.
The invention is advantageous in that it provides a brushed DC motor, wherein the repairing and component replacement of the brushed DC motor of the present invention is as easy as simply opening the brush cap from the motor shell and then the brushes affixed on the brush cap are detached from the armature rotor contained in the motor shell.
Another advantage of the invention is to provide a brushed DC motor, which is capable of running in high torque application with durable brushes to prolong life span and enhance efficiency.
Another advantage of the invention is to provide a brushed DC motor, wherein the brush cap contains the brushes affixed thereon such that the brushes can be replaced easily by simply replacing the entire brush cap that substantially reduces the difficulty of maintenance of the brushed DC motor.
Another advantage of the invention is to provide a brushed DC motor, wherein the armature rotor of the brushed DC motor is remained in balance during running with two ends of the armature rotor rotating smoothly.
Another advantage of the invention is to provide a brushed DC motor, wherein an output end of the armature rotor is extended from the motor shell with waterproofness and sealingness of the armature.
Another advantage of the invention is to provide a brushed DC motor, wherein an inner end of the armature rotor is prevented from increasing friction with the motor shell while rotating so as to reduce heat generating due to friction and avoid increasing of operation temperature thereof.
Another advantage of the invention is to provide a brushed DC motor, wherein the brush cap comprises an electric layer connected with the brushes to conduct the electricity in a sunken manner that can protect the brushed DC motor and increase its serving life span.
Another advantage of the invention is to provide a brushed DC motor, wherein the brush cap comprises a base layer fastening the electric layer in a sunken manner for increasing durability of the brushes by reducing heat generated from the electric layer.
Another advantage of the invention is to provide a brushed DC motor, wherein the brush cap is capable of fastening the brushes therein that not only substantially maintains the position between the brushes and the commutator of the armature rotor, but also reduces possibilities of wearing down and welding of the brushes.
Another advantage of the invention is to provide a brushed DC motor, wherein the brush cap is adapted to be integrally coupled with the motor shell of the brushed DC motor.
Another advantage of the invention is to provide a brushed DC motor, wherein the thermal expansion of the plastic brush is solved to reduce the gap between the brush and the brush fastening frame and the bounce of the brush in the fastening frame which can reduce the noise of the motor and have more effective thermal transmission. With the fastening frame, the service life of the brush is improved and the sectional area of the brush is increased by more than 40%, and the length is increased by more 30%, so that the service life of the motor is improved. With integrated injection molding, the manufacture method of the motor is simple, stable, and reliable.
Another advantage of the invention is to provide a brushed DC motor, which comprises a motor plastic brush cap, an armature rotor, a motor shell and a stator (magnet). The motor plastic brush cap is arranged with an electric circuit layer, the fastening frame, a resilient element and the brush, wherein the fastening frame is made of metal and is integrally injection molded with the plastic brush cap as inserts. The magnet is fastened to inside the motor shell in an inserted piece manner.
Preferably, one end of the rotating shaft of the armature rotor is assembled on a central groove of the inner wall of the plastic brush cap with a wheel and a wheel chamber, while the other end of the rotating shaft of the armature rotor is assembled in a central hole of the motor shell to be extended to the outside.
Preferably, the motor shell comprises a plurality of lugs extended along the peripheral direction of assembly surface evenly to outside. The lugs have rivet holes and rivets. The plastic brush cap has mounting holes correspond to the rivet holes on the motor shell.
Preferably, the resilient element is vortex spring.
Preferably, the thickness of the motor shell is 2 mm.
The invention is solved problems of the thermal expansion of plastic brush holders to reduce the gap between the brush and the brush fastening frame, and the bounce of the brush in the fastening frame which can reduce the noise of the motor and have more effective thermal transmission to improve the service life of the brush. With the metal fastening frame, the sectional area of the brush is increased by more than 40%, and the length is increased by more 30%, so that the service life of the motor is improved. By integrated injection molding or ultrasonic welding, the manufacture method of the motor is simple, stable, and reliable.
Additional advantages and features of the invention will become apparent from the description which follows, and may be realized by means of the instrumentalities and combinations particular point out in the appended claims.
According to the present invention, the foregoing and other objects and advantages are attained by a brushed DC motor, comprising:
a motor shell which has a receiving cavity formed therein;
a stator fixed inside the motor shell;
an armature rotor mounted in the receiving cavity of the motor shell, wherein the armature rotor comprises an output shaft, a winding unit and a commutator; and
a brush cap, arranged to cover the motor shell, comprising a base layer, an electric layer, a fastening frame, and at least one pair of brushes, wherein the brushes are fastened on the base layer in a sunken manner and electrically connected with the electric layer to conduct electricity to the commutator to drive the winding unit to rotate against the stator, wherein the brushes are positioned corresponding to the commutator symmetrically.
In one embodiment, the brushed DC motor further comprises a plurality of controlling cables electrically connected with the electric layer.
In one embodiment, the base layer further has a cable slot formed integrally for extending the controlling cables out of the brushed DC motor.
In one embodiment, the motor shell has an output opening provided at one end thereof for extending the armature rotor from the output opening to output rotation, wherein the motor shell comprises a sealing ring mounted around the output opening.
In one embodiment, the base layer further has a commutator chamber integrally formed in the base layer, wherein the commutator chamber is corresponding to the commutator for aligning the brushes to the commutator.
In one embodiment, the base layer further comprises a connector integrally formed on the base layer, wherein the brush cap and the motor shell are engaged by the connector.
In one embodiment, the electric layer further comprises a plurality of routes and at least one pair of connecting portions formed on the routes corresponding to the brushes respectively.
In one embodiment, the fastening frame further comprises a seat for storing the brushes, wherein the seat is shaped to hold the brushes securely inside.
According to the present invention, the foregoing and other objects and advantages are also attained by a manufacturing method of a brush cap of a brushed DC motor, comprising steps of:
(a) preparing a semi-finished base layer;
(b) positioning an electric layer and a fastening frame on the semi-finished base layer;
(c) molding to form the base layer with the electric layer and the fastening frame;
(d) connecting at least one pair of brushes to the electric layer and the fastening frame; and
(e) connecting a plurality of controlling cables to the electric layer.
According to the present invention, the manufacturing method of the brush cap of the brushed DC motor further comprises a step of suppressing by plastic resin in one time.
According to the present invention, the manufacturing method of the brush cap of the brushed DC motor further comprises a step of molding by plastics resin in twice.
Still further objects and advantages will become apparent from a consideration of the ensuing description and drawings.
These and other objectives, features, and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following detailed description, the accompanying drawings, and the appended claims.
The following description is disclosed to enable any person skilled in the art to make and use the present invention. Preferred embodiments are provided in the following description only as examples and modifications will be apparent to those skilled in the art. The general principles defined in the following description would be applied to other embodiments, alternatives, modifications, equivalents, and applications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Referring to
The brush cap 40 comprises at least one pair of brushes 44 conducting electricity with the armature rotor 20 to drive the armature rotor 20 to rotate against the stator 30 by changing conducting current in the brushes 44. In other words, as the armature rotor 20 is conducted with alternating current by the brushes 44, the armature rotor 20 is rotating against the stator 30.
The brushed DC motor according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention further comprises a motor shell 10 adapted to receive the armature rotor 20 therein. The stator 30 is fixed on an inner surface of an inner surrounding wall 101 of the motor shell 10 in position in a permanent way that a magnetic field is formed between the stator 30 and the armature rotor 20. It is worth to mention that the motor shell 10 has a cup shape and an installing opening 13 provided at one end adapted to be covered by the brush cap 40 to assemble the brushed DC motor of the present invention.
As shown in
The stator 30 comprises at least one pair of magnets 31 to provide the magnet field for the winding unit 22, rendering the brushed DC motor a permanent magnetic motor. Person skilled in the art may easy to modify the stator 30 with at least one field winding, rendering the brushed DC motor an induction motor.
According to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, referring to
According to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the affixing device 32 comprises four dividers 33 for mounting each of the four magnets 31 between two of the dividers 33. Each of the dividers 33 comprises a supporting member 331 and two holders 332 integrally connected at two ends of the supporting member 331 respectively, wherein each of the holders 332 is structured and shaped for holding on an end portion of the magnet 31. Accordingly, by means of the four dividers 33, the two pairs of magnets 31 are symmetrically and intervally mounted around the inner surrounding wall 101 of the motor shell while defining the receiving cavity 100 therebetween, wherein the length of each divider 33 also equal to that of the interval space 321 such that the four dividers 33 form the four equal interval spaces 321 between the magnets 31.
In the preferred embodiment, each of the supporting members 331 is made of an arc-shaped metal plate having a curvature equal to that of each of the magnets 31 and each of the holders 332 has a C-shaped adapted for fittingly holding on the round shaped end portion of the magnet 31, such that when the two pairs of magnets 31 are mounted by the four dividers 33, the four magnets 31 and the four dividers 33 form a circular ring having a diameter and circumference matching with the diameter and circumference of the receiving cavity 100 so as to fittingly mount the magnets 31 symmetrically and intervally around the inner surrounding wall 101 of the motor shell 10, as shown in
It is worth mentioning that person skilled in the art may understand that the four arc-shaped supporting members 331 of the four dividers 33 can be substituted by a circular metal plate to form a divider ring 33′ having the same circumference of the inner surrounding wall 101 of the motor shell 10 and the four pairs of C-shaped holders 332′ are integrally formed on the inner circumferential surface of the divider ring 33 for holding the two pairs of magnets 31 in position symmetrically and intervally around the inner surrounding wall 101 of the motor shell 10, as shown in
Furthermore, the motor shell 10 comprises a sealing ring 12 mounted around the output opening 11 to seal the receiving cavity 100 and prevent any outside influence to the receiving cavity 100 through the output opening 11, as shown in
As mentioned above, the installing opening 13 of the motor shell 10 is adapted to be coupled with the brushed cap 40 which substantially covers the installing opening 13 and closes the receiving cavity 100 so as to enclose the armature rotor 20 and the brushes 44 inside the receiving cavity 100. During assembling the brushed DC motor, it is more convenient to install the armature rotor 20 into the receiving cavity 100 through the installing opening 13, and that the installation of the brushes 44 is also more convenient by simply coupling the brush cap 40 sealingly to cover the installing opening 13 of the motor shell 10.
The armature rotor 20, according to the preferred embodiment of the invention, as shown in
The output shaft 21 of the armature rotor 20 has an output end 211 and an inner end 212. The output end 211 of the output shaft 21 is extended outwardly through the output opening 11 of the motor shell 10 to expose outside to provide driving rotation. The inner end 212 is extended inwardly in the motor shell 10. As the output shaft 21 is rotating with the winding unit 22, the output end 211 is adapted to engage with one or more predetermined components by means of such as bearing to drive the engaged component to rotate integrally. The inner end 212 may also rotate with the output shaft 21 but not providing working torque. It is worth mentioning that the output shaft 21 is preferred to be made of metal or alloy to provide output torque.
Furthermore, the output shaft 21 further comprises a wheel 213, such as a bearing, mounted on the inner end 212 and seated in a wheel chamber 411 provided at a center portion of the brushed cup 40 that enables the inner end 212 of the output shaft 21 to be rotatable mounted on the brush cap 40 while decreasing the friction between the inner end 212 and the motor shell 10. The wheel 213 provides a buffering effect to the rotatable inner end 212 of the output shaft 21 with respect to the motor shell 10, that may also decrease the heat generated by the rotating inner end 212.
As shown in
It is worth mentioning that the winding unit 22 of the armature rotor 20 is rotated by changing conducted electrical current, i.e. by changing the operating voltage or the strength of the magnetic field, via the brush 44 to the commutator 23. Depending on the connections of the field to the power supply the speed and torque characteristics of the brushed DC motor can be altered to provide steady speed or speed inversely proportional to the mechanical load.
According to the preferred embodiment, each of the brushes 44 is fastened on the brush cap 40 in a sunken manner, as illustrated in
The electric circuit layer 42 is provided on the base layer 41 which forms four symmetrical and perpendicular fixing grooves 410 for positioning the four brush frames 43 respectively, so that the brush frames 43 fitted in the fixing grooves 410 respectively can be molded with the base layer 41 integrally while molding the base layer 41 and the electric circuit layer 42 together so as to fasten the brush frames 43 in position, according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention. Of course, it is apparent that the electric circuit layer 42 can be affixed on the base layer 41 by alternative means with the fixing grooves 410 provided, and then, alternatively, the brush frames 43 can be affixed in said fixing grooves 410 respectively by means of adhering, welding, or the like.
Referring to
Referring to
According to the preferred embodiment, the wheel chamber 411, the commutator chamber 412 and the connector 413 are integrally formed on the base layer 41. The wheel chamber 411 is positioned corresponding to the wheel 213 of the shaft 21 for receiving the wheel 213 in the wheel chamber 411. And, the wheel chamber 411 provides a space for the rotation of the wheel 213 and the dissipation of the heat generated by the wheel 213. With the heat dissipation ability, not only the armature rotor 20 has a smoothly rotating performance, the life span of the armature rotor 20 and the brush cap 40 has been increased.
The commutator chamber 412 is formed corresponding to the commutator 23 for aligning the brushes 44 to the commutator 23 to provide efficient connection. The brush frames 43 are positioned around the commutator 412 in such a manner that the brushes 44 are positioned to ensure in touch with the commutator 23. Furthermore, each of the springs 432 disposed in the respective frame body 430 provides a pressing force against the brush body 441 received in the frame body 430 inwardly respectively so as to push the inner end of the brush body 441 of the brush 44 to remain in touch with the commutator 23. Since the commutator chamber 412 is made integrally in the base layer 41, the positions between the frame bodies 430 and the commutator 23 are predetermined and arranged to ensure installation precision and production efficiency, wherein proper positions between the brushes 44 and the commutator 23 can substantially prevent brush damaging and potential welding of the brushes 44 to the commutator 23.
It is worth mentioning that the frame bodies 430 are shaped to hold the brushes 44 securely inside the frame bodies 430 without exposing the brushes 44 too much. In addition, when the inner end of the brush bodies 441 which pressing against the commutator 23 being worn out, the springs 432 not only provide pressing force to push the inner end of the brush bodies 441 of the brushes 44 to remain in contact with the commutator 23, but also push the brush bodies 441 of the brushes 44 inwards to compensate any wearing out of the brush bodies 441 while the brush wires 442 are able to be moved inwardly therewith along the guiding slots 435 of the frame bodies 430 respectively.
According to the preferred embodiment, the base layer 41, can be made of plastic resin, further comprises a cable slot 414 formed integrally at a side thereof. The cable slot 414 is adapted to receive one or more controlling cables 50 extended from outside into the brush cap 40. In addition, the electric circuit layer 42 is affixed on the base layer 41 with one or more predetermined portions exposed on the base layer 41. Preferably, the base layer 41 is made in molding integrally with the electric circuit layer 42 disposed therein. Accordingly, the electric circuit layer 42 is permanently fixed with the base layer 41 to enhance the connection between the brushes 44 and the controlling cables 50. The electric circuit layer 42 is preferably made in strips of metal according to the requirement of the connection between the brushes 44 and the controlling cables 50. In strips, the overheating in connection is able to be avoid with excellent heat dissipation.
The electric circuit layer 42 further comprises a plurality of routes 420 and at least one pair of connecting portions 421 formed on the routes 420 with respect to the brushes 44. The routes 420 are capable of conducting current from the controlling cables 50 to the brushes 44 with one of the connecting portions 421 connecting the controlling cables 50 and another the connecting portion 421 connecting the brushes 44. One skills in the art will understand that the shape of the routes 420 and the positions of the connecting portions 421 are depending on the design of the electrical requirement.
According to the preferred embodiment, as the brush bodies 441 of the brushes 44 are installed in the frame bodies 430 in position respectively, the brush wires 442 of the brushes 44 are connected to the connecting portions 421 provided on the routes 420 of the electric circuit layer 42 correspondingly that leads the current passing through the controlling cables 50, the routes 420 of the electric circuit layer 42, the connecting portions 421, the brush wires 442 and the brush bodies 441 to the commutator 23 accordingly.
According to the embodiment, the electric circuit layer 42 and the brush frames 43 are fixed on the base layer 41 in a sunken manner. The electric circuit layer 42 and the brush frames 43 are stuffed in the base layer 41 which substantially reduces a thickness of the brush cap 40. With injecting molding or equivalent technology, the electric circuit layer 42 and the brush frames 43 can be disposed lower than the top surface of the base layer 41.
Accordingly, the brushes 44 are electrically connected with the electric circuit layer 42 to receive current and conduct to the commutator 23 to drive the winding unit 22 to rotate. It is worth to mention that the electric circuit layer 42 is fully supported by the base layer 41 for keep the electric path in stable while operating. The controlling cables 50 are electrical connected with the electric layer 42 for control the operation of the brushed DC motor. Therefore, as the controlling cables 50 connected to the power source provide current to operate the brushed DC motor, the electric circuit layer 42 conducts the current to the brushes 44 which are installed in the brush frames 43.
Referring to
Firstly, referring to
(a) molding the electric circuit layer 42 on the semi-finished base layer 41 with two or more brush frames 43 affixed thereon in a sunken manner, wherein the brush frames 43 are arranged symmetrically with an inner open end 433 of each of the frame bodies 430 of the brush frames 43 facing a center portion of the base layer 41 and an outer close end 434 radially extended outwardly;
(b) installing the brush bodies 441 of the brushes 44 inside the frame bodies 430 of the brush frames 43 with the brush wires 442 of the brushes 44 extended out through the elongated guiding slots 435 of the frame bodies 430 of the brush frames 43 respectively;
(c) electrically connecting the brush wires 442 to the electric circuit layer 42; and
(d) electrically connecting the controlling cables 50 to the electric circuit layer 42.
Before the step (a), the manufacturing method of the brush cap 40 further comprises a step of positioning the frame bodies 431 and the routes 420 on the surface of the semi-finished the base layer 41.
During the step (a), the commutator chamber 412 and the connectors 413 are integrally formed on the base layer 41.
Referring to
(i) mounting the armature rotor 20 to the motor shell 10 with the stator 30; and
(ii) connecting the brush cap 40 with the motor shell by covering and fastening the brush cap 40 to the installing opening 13 of the motor shell 10.
In the step (i), the armature rotor 20 is mounted with the output end 211 of the output shaft 21 extended through the output opening 11 of the motor shell 10 while the inner end 212 of the output shaft 21 positioned in the motor shell 10 and rotatably affixed by the brush cap 40 covered at the installing opening 13 of the motor shell 10. Also, the sealing ring 12 provided around the output opening 11 of the motor shell 10 is capable of sealing and blocking moisture from the inside of the motor shell 10.
A description of the invention is as follows with drawing.
As shown in
Preferably, the inside end of the shaft of the armature rotor 2 (20) is assembled on a central groove of the inner wall of the plastic brush cap with a wheel 9 (213) and a wheel chamber 10 (411), while the other end of the rotating shaft of the armature rotor 2 (20) is assembled in a central hole of the motor shell 3 (10) to be extended to the outside. With the wheel 9 (213) and the wheel chamber 10 (411), comparing with the oil bearing of traditional motor, the service life of the motor is highly improved. With the wheel chamber 10 (411), the resonance of the armature rotor 2 (20) vibrating to the brush cap 1 (40) is reduced and the noise of the motor is reduced, too. The wheel chamber 10 (411) is capable of avoiding damage on the motor shell in the riveting during manufacturing and is helpful to the nonconcentricity of the shell of the motor in some way. The sealingness of the motor is increased and the manufacturing and assembling are more convenient to improve the efficiency of production. Furthermore, the brush cap 1 (40) comprises several reinforcing ribs on the inner wall in the central groove to enhance the strength of the brush cap 1 (40) to avoid damaging the brush cap 1 (40).
Preferably, the motor shell 3 (10) comprises a plurality of lugs 11 extended along the peripheral direction of assembly surface evenly to outside. The lugs have rivet holes and rivets 12. The plastic brush cap 1 (40) has mounting holes corresponded to the rivet holes on the motor shell 3 (10). The rivet holes of the shell 3 (10) and the mounting holes of the plastic brush cap 1 (40) are inserted with rivets during manufacturing to position accurately and reliably to avoid the looseness of the front and rear shells which is harmful to the sealingness of the motor.
Preferably, the resilient element 7 (432) is vortex spring. The vortex spring is replaced the one-arm-jumping spring to avoid risks of easily slipping out of the motor, and non-elastic of the spring during annealing in the running motor in high speed, and limiting the length of the brush in rear of the motor, and melting the plastic to be stuck with the spring while running with high temperature.
Preferably, the thickness of the motor shell 3 (10) is 2 mm. The thickness is increased from 1 mm to 2 mm to reduce the leakage magnetic flux which is beneficial to the performance of the motor.
In another embodiment of the invention, the fastening frame 6 (43) is disposed with two brush holder pressured bodies on the two side of the fastening frame 6 (43). The fastening frame 6 (43) as an inserted piece is ultrasonic welded on the brush cap 1 (40) via the brush holder pressured body.
One skilled in the art will understand that the embodiment of the present invention as shown in the drawings and described above is exemplary only and not intended to be limiting.
It will thus be seen that the objects of the present invention have been fully and effectively accomplished. The embodiments have been shown and described for the purposes of illustrating the functional and structural principles of the present invention and is subject to change without departure from such principles. Therefore, this invention includes all modifications encompassed within the spirit and scope of the following claims.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 201720267736.4 | Mar 2017 | CN | national |
| 201720267766.5 | Mar 2017 | CN | national |
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| 4783906 | Gingerich | Nov 1988 | A |
| 7193349 | Laurandel | Mar 2007 | B2 |
| 8941280 | Sakon | Jan 2015 | B2 |
| 20020185984 | Gold | Dec 2002 | A1 |
| 20040017126 | Laurandel | Jan 2004 | A1 |
| 20080185929 | Hirabayashi | Aug 2008 | A1 |
| 20110025063 | Faber | Feb 2011 | A1 |
| Number | Date | Country |
|---|---|---|
| 1447900 | Aug 2004 | EP |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20180287451 A1 | Oct 2018 | US |
