Patent Grant
9369813
This application claims priority to and the benefit of Danish Patent Application No. PA 2012 70411, filed on Jul. 6, 2012, pending. The entire disclosure of the above reference is expressly incorporated by reference herein.
The present disclosure relates to a hearing aid having an antenna, such as an antenna having two actively fed antenna structures, the antenna being configured for providing the hearing aid with wireless data communication features.
Hearing aids are very small and delicate devices and comprise many electronic and metallic components contained in a housing small enough to fit in the ear canal of a human or behind the outer ear. The many electronic and metallic components in combination with the small size of the hearing aid housing impose high design constraints on radio frequency antennas to be used in hearing aids with wireless communication capabilities.
Conventionally, antennas in hearing aids have been used for receiving radio broadcasts or commands from a remote control. Typically, such antennas are designed to fit in the hearing aid housing without special concern with relation to the obtained directivity of the resulting radiation pattern. For example, behind-the-ear hearing aid housings typically accommodate antennas positioned with their longitudinal direction in parallel to the longitudinal direction of the banana shaped behind-the-ear hearing aid housing. In-the-ear hearing aids have typically been provided with patch antennas positioned on the face plate of the hearing aids as for example disclosed in WO 2005/081583; or wire antennas protruding outside the hearing aid housing in a direction perpendicular to the face plate as for example disclosed in US 2010/20994.
It is an object to provide an improved wireless communication.
In one aspect, the above-mentioned and other objects are obtained by provision of a hearing aid, such as a behind the ear hearing aid, comprising a transceiver for wireless data communication interconnected with an antenna, such as an electric antenna, for emission and reception of an electromagnetic field. The antenna may comprise a first resonant structure, which may be actively fed, provided proximate a first side of the hearing aid and a second resonant structure, which may be actively fed, provided proximate a second side of the hearing aid. A conducting segment may short circuit the first resonant structure and the second resonant structure to provide a current bridge between the first resonant structure and the second resonant structure and thereby between the first side of the hearing aid and the second side of the hearing aid.
The conducting segment, and thus the current bridge may thus be provided in a position substantially orthogonal to a side of the head, when the hearing aid is worn by a user in its intended operational position. In one or more embodiments, the current bridge may extend in a direction having at least a vector component being orthogonal to the side of the head, for example the vector component being orthogonal to the side of the head may be at least the same length as a vector component extending parallel to the side of the head.
Hereby, an electromagnetic field emitted by the antenna may propagate along the surface of the head of the user with its electrical field substantially orthogonal to the surface of the head of the user when the hearing aid is worn in its operational position by a user.
Preferably, the electromagnetic field emitted by the antenna propagates primarily along the surface of the head or body of the user.
Upon excitation, a substantial part of the electromagnetic field, such as 60%, such as 80%, emitted by the antenna may propagate along the surface of the head of the user with its electrical field substantially orthogonal to the surface of the head of the user. When the electromagnetic field is diffracted around the head of a user, losses due to the interaction with the surface of the head are minimized. Hereby, a significantly improved reception of the electro-magnetic radiation by either a second hearing aid in a binaural hearing aid system, typically located at the other ear of a user, or by a hearing aid accessory, such as a remote control, a telephone, a television set, a spouse microphone, a hearing aid fitting system, an intermediary component, such as a Bluetooth bridging device, etc., is obtained.
In that the electromagnetic field is diffracted around the head, or the body, of a user with minimum interaction with the surface of the head, or the surface of the body, the strength of the electromagnetic field around the head, or the body, of the user is significantly improved. Thus, the interaction with other antennas and/or transceivers, as provided in either a second hearing aid of a binaural hearing aid system located at the other ear of a user, or as provided in accessories as mentioned above, which typically are located in front of a user, or other wearable computing devices, is enhanced. It is a further advantage of providing an electromagnetic field around the head of a user that an omni-directional connectivity to external devices, such as accessories, is provided.
Due to the current component normal to the side of the head or normal to any other body part, the surface wave of the electromagnetic field may be more efficiently excited. Hereby, for example an ear-to-ear path gain may be improved, such as by 10-15 dB, such as by 10-20 dB.
The antenna may emit a substantially TM polarized electromagnetic field for diffraction around the head of a user, i.e. TM polarised with respect to the surface of the head of a user.
It is an advantage that, during operation, the conducting segment of the antenna contributes to an electromagnetic field that travels around the head of the user thereby providing a wireless data communication that is robust and has low loss.
In that the antenna does not, or substantially does not, emit an electromagnetic field in the direction of the current bridge, the antenna does not, or substantially does not, emit an electromagnetic field in the direction of the ear to ear axis of the user when the hearing aid housing is positioned in its operational position at the ear of the user; rather, the antenna emits an electromagnetic field that propagates in a direction parallel to the surface of the head of the user when the hearing aid housing is positioned in its operational position during use, whereby the electric field of the emitted electromagnetic field has a direction that is orthogonal to, or substantially orthogonal to, the surface of the head at least along the side of the head, or the part of the body, at which the antenna is positioned during operation. In this way, propagation loss in the tissue of the head is reduced as compared to propagation loss of an electromagnetic field with an electric field component that is parallel to the surface of the head. Diffraction around the head makes the electromagnetic field emitted by the antenna propagate from one ear and around the head to the opposite ear.
The current flowing in a resonant antenna structure forms standing waves along the length of the antenna; and for proper operation, the resonant antenna structure is operated at, or approximately at, a resonance frequency at which the length of the linear antenna equals a quarter wavelength of the emitted electromagnetic field, or any odd multiple, thereof.
The hearing aid typically further comprises a microphone for reception of sound and conversion of the received sound into a corresponding first audio signal, a signal processor for processing the first audio signal into a second audio signal compensating a hearing loss of a user of the hearing aid, and a receiver that is connected to an output of the signal processor for converting the second audio signal into an output sound signal.
The conducting segment may preferably be structured so that upon excitation of the antenna, the current flows in at least the conducting segment in a direction substantially in orthogonal to a surface of the head of a user when the hearing aid is worn in its operational position by the user. Thus, the current bridge may extend in a direction substantially parallel with an ear to ear axis of the user, and thus, substantially orthogonal to a surface of the head, when the hearing aid is worn in its operational position by a user.
The first and second resonant antenna structures may be resonant around a center frequency, i.e. around the resonance frequency for the antenna, and typically, the resonant antenna structure may be resonant within a given bandwidth around the center frequency.
In the present context, the term actively fed resonant structure encompasses that the resonant structure is electrically connected to a source, such as a radio, such as a transceiver, a receiver, a transmitter, etc. Thus, the first and second resonant structures may be driven structures, such as driven resonant structure, such as a driven resonant antenna structure. Thus, the actively fed resonant structure is opposed to the passive antenna structure which is not electrically connected to the surroundings. The first resonant structure and the second resonant structure may in some embodiments be fed symmetrically.
In one or more embodiments, the first resonant structure and the second resonant structure may be substantially identical. Thus, the physical shape of the first resonant structure may be substantially identical to the physical shape of the second resonant structure. Additionally, or alternatively, the first resonant structure and the second resonant structure may have substantially the same free-space antenna radiation pattern.
The first resonant structure and the second resonant structure may both be actively fed. Thus, the first resonant structure may have a first feed point and the second resonant structure may have a second feed point. In one or more embodiments, the first resonant structure and the second resonant structure may be fed from the transceiver in the hearing aid.
The antenna may be a balanced antenna, and in one or more embodiments, the current from the transceiver to the feed point for the first resonant structure and the current to the feed point for the second resonant structure may thus have substantially the same magnitude but run in opposite directions, thereby establishing a balanced feed line and a balanced antenna. It is envisaged that the current magnitudes may not be exactly the same, so that some radiation, though principally unwanted, from the feed line may occur.
It is an advantage of using a balanced antenna that no ground plane is needed for the antenna. As the size of the hearing aids are constantly reduced, also the size of printed circuit boards within the hearing aids are reduced. This has been found to pose a challenge as conventional hearing aid antennas typically use the printed circuit board as ground plane, and thereby, by reducing the size of the printed circuit boards, also the ground plane for the hearing aid antennas is reduced. Thereby, the efficiency of conventional hearing aid antennas needing a good RF ground will be reduced, thus it is a significant advantage of the present antenna that no ground plane is needed for the antenna.
The antenna may form a mirrored inverted F-antenna wherein the first actively fed resonant structure, and substantially half of the conducting segment is mirrored to the second actively fed resonant structure and substantially the other half of the conducting segment. The width of the antenna may determine the bandwidth for the antenna, thus by increasing the width of the inverted F-antenna, the bandwidth may also be increased.
The first resonant structure and/or the second resonant structure may be monopole antenna structure(s), such as any antenna structure having a free end, such as a linear monopole antenna structure, etc. The length of the first resonant structure and/or the second resonant structure as measured from the short circuit to the free end may be substantially lambda/4, or any odd multiple thereof, where lambda is the center wavelength for the antenna.
In one or more embodiments, the first resonant structure and/or the second resonant structure may be an antenna structure having a circumference of substantially lambda/2 or any multiple thereof. Thus, the antenna structure may be a circular antenna structure, an annular or ring-shaped antenna structure, or the antenna structure may be any closed antenna structure having a circumference of substantially lambda/2. The closed structure may be a solid structure, a strip like structure having an opening in the center, etc. and/or the closed structure may have any shape and be configured so that the current sees a length of lambda/2.
In one or more embodiments, the first resonant structure and/or the second resonant structure may extend in a plane being substantially parallel to a side of the head when the hearing aid is worn in its operational position by a user. The first resonant structure and/or the second resonant structure may be planar antennas extending only in the plane being substantially parallel to a side of the head, or the first resonant structure and/or the second resonant structure may primarily extend in the plane being substantially parallel to a side of the head, so that the resonant structures may exhibit e.g. minor, as compared to the overall extent of the resonant structure, folds in a direction not parallel to the side of the head.
The area of the first resonant structure and/or the second resonant structure may be maximized relative to the size of the hearing aid to for example increase the bandwidth of the antenna. The first resonant structure and/or the second resonant structure may be a solid structure extending over the entire side of the hearing aid, at least extending over a large part of the side of the hearing aid, furthermore, the circumference of the first resonant structure and/or the second resonant structure may be maximized allowing for an opening in the structure to accommodate e.g. a hearing aid battery, electronic components, or the like.
The first resonant structure and the second resonant structure may form part of a hearing aid housing encompassing at least a part of the hearing aid.
In one or more embodiments, the antenna may further comprise a feed system for exciting the antenna to thereby induce a current in at least the conducting segment, wherein the feed system may be configured such that the current has a first local maxima proximate the first side of the hearing aid and a second local maxima proximate the second side of the hearing aid along the conducting segment. Thus, the current induced on the antenna may reach its maximum on the first segment of the antenna that extends from proximate the first side of the hearing aid to proximate the second side of the hearing aid.
The current induced in the first segment may have a first local maximum proximate the first side of the hearing aid and a second local maximum proximate the second side of the hearing aid, depending on the excitation of the antenna.
The feed system may comprise a first feed point for exciting the first antenna structure and a second feed point for exciting the second antenna structure. The first feed point and the second feed point may be initially balanced, that is out of phase.
The feed system may furthermore comprise one or more transmission lines for connecting the first and second resonant structures to the source, e.g. to the transceiver. The first feed point may reflect the connection between a first transmission line and the first resonant structure, and the second feed point may reflect the connection between another transmission line and the second resonant structure.
In one or more embodiments, the hearing aid may have a partition plane, such as a plane of intersection, extending between the first side and the second side of the hearing aid. At least a part of the antenna may intersect the partition plane so that there is a first distance from the first feed point to the partition plane and a second distance from the second feed point to the partition plane. The first distance and the second distance may be substantially the same so that the first and second feed points are provided substantially symmetrically with respect to the partition plane. A relative difference between the first distance and the second distance may be less than or equal a first threshold, such as less the than 25%, such as less than 10%, such as about 0.
The partition plane may be any plane partitioning the hearing aid, such as a plane parallel to the first and/or second side of the hearing aid, such as a plane parallel to the side of a head when the hearing aid is worn in its operational position on the head of a user. The partition plane may form a symmetry plane for the antenna, so that for example the first resonant structure is symmetric with the second resonant structure with respect to the partition plane.
It is a further advantage that the radiation pattern for the antenna is the same whether the hearing aid is positioned behind a right ear of a user or behind a left ear of the user. Thus, by providing a symmetric antenna, the antenna being symmetric about a symmetry plane substantially dividing the hearing aid in two equal parts, a symmetric hearing aid antenna may be provided.
The first distance and the second distance may be measured along a shortest path between the first feed point and the partition plane, and the second feed point and the partition plane, such that the distance is the shortest physical distance. Alternatively, the first distance and the second distance may be the distance as measured along a current path between the first or second feed point and the partition plane.
In one or more embodiments, the first feed point and the second feed point, respectively, are configured with respect to the short circuit so as to obtain a desired antenna impedance. Typically, a distance between the first feed point and the short circuit along the first resonant structure may be configured to achieve the desired impedance, and likewise, a distance between the second feed point and the short circuit along the second resonant structure may be configured to achieve the desired impedance.
It is envisaged that the overall physical length of the antenna may be decreased by interconnecting the antenna with an electronic component, a so-called antenna shortening component, having an impedance that modifies the standing wave pattern of the antenna thereby changing its effective length. The required physical length of the antenna may for example be shortened by connecting the antenna in series with an inductor or in shunt with a capacitor.
The antenna may be configured for operation in the ISM frequency band. Preferably, the antenna is configured for operation at a frequency of at least 1 GHz, such as at a frequency between 1.5 GHz and 3 GHz such as at a frequency of 2.4 GHz.
In a further aspect, an antenna system configured to be worn on a body of a user is provided, the antenna system comprises a transceiver for wireless data communication interconnected with an antenna for emission and reception of an electromagnetic field. The antenna may comprise a first actively fed resonant structure provided proximate a users body and a second actively fed resonant structure provided at a distance from the users body. A conducting segment may short circuit the first resonant structure and the second resonant structure to provide a current bridge between the first actively fed resonant structure and the second actively fed resonant structure. The antenna system may be provided in for example a wearable computing device, the wearable computing device having a first side configured to be proximate a users body and a second side configured to be proximate the surroundings when the wearable computing device is worn in the operational position by a user.
Hereby, an electromagnetic field emitted by the antenna propagates along the surface of the body of the user with its electrical field substantially orthogonal to the surface of the body of the user.
It is an advantage of providing such an antenna system that interconnection between for example a Body Area Network, BAN, or a wireless body area network, WBAN, such as a wearable wireless body area network, and a body external transceiver may be obtained. The body external transceiver may be a processing unit and may be configured to be connected to an operator, an alarm service, a health care provider, a doctors network, etc., either via the internet or any other intra- or interconnection between a number of computers or processing units, either continuously or upon request from either a user, an operator, a provider, or a system generated trigger.
Preferably, the electromagnetic field emitted by the antenna propagates primarily along the surface of the head or body of the user.
One or more embodiments described herein is described primarily with reference to a hearing aid, such as a behind the ear hearing aid or such as a binaural hearing aid. In other embodiments, one or more features described herein may apply to other types of hearing aids. Also, the disclosed features and embodiments may be used in any combination.
A behind the ear hearing aid includes: a microphone for reception of sound and conversion of the received sound into a corresponding first audio signal; a signal processor for processing the first audio signal into a second audio signal compensating a hearing loss of a user of the hearing aid; a receiver that is connected to an output of the signal processor for converting the second audio signal into an output sound signal; and a transceiver for wireless data communication interconnected with an antenna for emission and reception of an electromagnetic field; wherein the antenna comprises a first actively fed resonant structure provided proximate a first side of the hearing aid, a second actively fed resonant structure provided proximate a second side of the hearing aid, and a conducting segment short circuiting the first resonant structure and the second resonant structure to provide a current bridge between the first side of the hearing aid and the second side of the hearing aid.
Optionally, the current bridge may have a direction substantially parallel with an ear to ear axis of the user when the hearing aid is worn in its operational position by the user.
Optionally, the first resonant structure and the second resonant structure may be substantially identical.
Optionally, one or each of the first resonant structure and the second resonant structure may comprise a monopole antenna structure.
Optionally, a length of one, or each, of the first resonant structure and the second resonant structure as measured from the short circuit to a free end may be substantially lambda/4.
Optionally, one or each of the first resonant structure and the second resonant structure may comprise an antenna structure having a circumference of lambda/2.
Optionally, one or each of the first resonant structure and the second resonant structure may extend in a plane being substantially parallel to a side of a head when the hearing aid is worn in its operational position by the user.
Optionally, the antenna may comprise a balanced antenna.
Optionally, the antenna may further comprise a feed system for exciting the antenna to thereby induce a current in at least the conducting segment, wherein the feed system is configured such that the current has a first local maxima proximate the first side of the hearing aid and a second local maxima proximate the second side of the hearing aid.
Optionally, the feed system may comprises a first feed point for exciting the first resonant structure and a second feed point for exciting the second resonant structure.
Optionally, the hearing aid may further include a plane of partition extending between the first side and the second side of the hearing aid, wherein at least a part of the antenna intersects the partition plane at an intersection so that a relative difference between a first distance from the first feed point to the intersection and a second distance from the second feed point to the intersection is less than or equal to a first threshold.
Optionally, the first threshold may be less than 25%.
Optionally, the first threshold may be 0.
Optionally, a distance between the first feed point and the short circuit, and a distance between the second feed point and the short circuit, respectively, may be tailored according to a desired antenna impedance.
Optionally, the plane of partition may be a symmetry plane for the first and second resonant structures.
Other and further aspects and features will be evident from reading the following detailed description of the embodiments.
The drawings illustrate the design and utility of embodiments, in which similar elements are referred to by common reference numerals. These drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale. In order to better appreciate how the above-recited and other advantages and objects are obtained, a more particular description of the embodiments will be rendered, which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. These drawings depict only exemplary embodiments and are not therefore to be considered limiting in the scope of the claims.
Various embodiments are described hereinafter with reference to the figures. It should be noted that the figures are not necessarily drawn to scale and that elements of similar structures or functions are represented by like reference numerals throughout the figures. It should also be noted that the figures are only intended to facilitate the description of the embodiments. They are not intended as an exhaustive description of the claimed invention or as a limitation on the scope of the claimed invention. In addition, an illustrated embodiment needs not have all the aspects or advantages shown. An aspect or an advantage described in conjunction with a particular embodiment is not necessarily limited to that embodiment and can be practiced in any other embodiments even if not so illustrated, or if not so explicitly described.
The radiation pattern of an antenna is typically illustrated by polar plots of radiated power in horizontal and vertical planes in the far field of the antenna. The plotted variable may be the field strength, the power per unit solid angle, or directive gain. The peak radiation occurs in the direction of maximum gain.
When designing antennas for wireless communication proximate the human body, the human head can be approximated by a rounded enclosure with sensory organs, such as the nose, ears, mouth and eyes attached thereto. Such a rounded enclosure 3 is illustrated in
As an example, the point with reference numeral 2 in
The user modeled with the phantom head of
The axis going through the right ear canal and the left ear canal is parallel to the x-axis in the figure. This ear to ear axis (ear axis) is thus orthogonal to the surface of the head at the points where it leaves the surface of the head. The ear to ear axis as well as the surface of the head will in the following be used as reference when describing specific configurations of the elements in one or more embodiments.
Since the auricle of the ear is primarily located in the plane parallel to the surface of the head on most test persons, it is often described that the ear to ear axis also functions as the normal to the ear. Even though there will be variations from person to person as to how the plane of the auricle is oriented.
The in the ear canal type of hearing aid will have an elongated housing shaped to fit in the ear canal. The longitudinal axis of this type of hearing aid is then parallel to the ear axis, whereas the face plate of the in the ear type of hearing aid will typically be in a plane orthogonal to the ear axis. The behind the ear type of hearing aid will typically also have an elongated housing most often shaped as a banana to rest on top of the auricle of the ear. The housing of this type of hearing aid will thus have a longitudinal axis parallel to the surface of the head of the user.
A block-diagram of a typical (prior-art) hearing instrument is shown in
However, also other embodiments of the antenna and the antenna configurations may be contemplated.
The specific wavelength, and thus the frequency of the emitted electromagnetic field, is of importance when considering communication involving an obstacle. The obstacle is a head with a hearing aid comprising an antenna located closed to the surface of the head. If the wavelength is too long such as a frequency of 1 GHz and down to lower frequencies greater parts of the head will be located in the near field region. This results in a different diffraction making it more difficult for the electromagnetic field to travel around the head. If on the other hand the wavelength is too short, the head will appear as being too large an obstacle which also makes it difficult for electromagnetic waves to travel around the head. An optimum between long and short wavelengths is therefore preferred. In general the ear to ear communication is to be done in the band for industry, science and medical with a desired frequency centred around 2.4 GHz.
It is envisaged that even though only a behind-the-ear hearing aid have been shown in the figures, the described antenna structure may be equally applied in all other types of hearing aids, including in-the-ear hearing aids, as long as the conducting segment is configured to guide the current in a direction parallel to an ear-to-ear axis of a user, when the user is wearing the hearing aid in the operational position and furthermore, equally applied to other body wearable devices, as long as the conducting segment is configured to guide the current in a direction orthogonal to a surface of the body, when the user is wearing the hearing aid in the operational position.
In general, various sections of the antenna can be formed with many different geometries, they can be wires or patches, bend or straight, long or short as long as they obey the above relative configuration with respect to each other such that at least one conducting segment will carry a current being primarily parallel to the ear axis (orthogonal to the surface of the head 1 of the user at a point 2 in proximity to the ear) such that the field will be radiated in the desired direction and with the desired polarization such that no attenuation is experienced by the surface wave travelling around the head.
The specific wavelength, and thus the frequency of the emitted electromagnetic field, is of importance when considering communication involving an obstacle. The obstacle is a head with a hearing aid comprising an antenna located closed to the surface of the head. If the wavelength is too long such as a frequency of 1 GHz and down to lower frequencies greater parts of the head will be located in the near field region. This results in a different diffraction making it more difficult for the electromagnetic field to travel around the head. If on the opposite side the wavelength is too short the head will appear as being too large an obstacle which also makes it difficult for electromagnetic waves to travel around the head. An optimum between long and short wavelengths is therefore preferred. In general the ear to ear communication is to be done in the band for industry, science and medical with a desired frequency centred around 2.4 GHz.
In
In
In
It is envisaged that even though the conducting segment in
In
In
The first segment, or the conducting segment may have a have a length being between at least one sixteenth wavelength and a full wavelength of the electromagnetic field.
The partition plane 110 may be a symmetry plane 110 for the antenna so that the first part 85 of the antenna is symmetric with the second part 86 of the antenna with respect to the symmetry plane 110. The partition plane 110 may extend exactly mid through the hearing aid, or the partition plane may extend anywhere between a first side of the hearing aid and a second side of the hearing aid. In one or more embodiments, the partition plane extends through the receiver.
Although particular embodiments have been shown and described, it will be understood that it is not intended to limit the claimed inventions to the preferred embodiments, and it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the claimed inventions. The specification and drawings are, accordingly, to be regarded in an illustrative rather than restrictive sense. The claimed inventions are intended to cover alternatives, modifications, and equivalents.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2012 70411 | Jul 2012 | DK | national |
| Number | Name | Date | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2535063 | Halstead | Dec 1950 | A |
| 3276028 | Mayes et al. | Sep 1966 | A |
| 4334315 | Ono et al. | Jun 1982 | A |
| 4652888 | Deasy | Mar 1987 | A |
| 4924237 | Honda et al. | May 1990 | A |
| 5621422 | Wang | Apr 1997 | A |
| 5721783 | Anderson | Feb 1998 | A |
| 5760746 | Kawahata | Jun 1998 | A |
| 5761319 | Dar et al. | Jun 1998 | A |
| 6161036 | Matsumura et al. | Dec 2000 | A |
| 6515629 | Kuo et al. | Feb 2003 | B1 |
| 7002521 | Egawa et al. | Feb 2006 | B2 |
| 7154442 | Van Wonterghem et al. | Dec 2006 | B2 |
| 7256747 | Victorian et al. | Aug 2007 | B2 |
| 7446708 | Nguyen et al. | Nov 2008 | B1 |
| 7570777 | Taenzer et al. | Aug 2009 | B1 |
| 7593538 | Polinske | Sep 2009 | B2 |
| 7652628 | Zweers | Jan 2010 | B2 |
| 7791551 | Platz | Sep 2010 | B2 |
| 7978141 | Chi et al. | Jul 2011 | B2 |
| 8494197 | Polinske et al. | Jul 2013 | B2 |
| 20040080457 | Guo et al. | Apr 2004 | A1 |
| 20040246179 | Chen et al. | Dec 2004 | A1 |
| 20050068234 | Hung et al. | Mar 2005 | A1 |
| 20050094840 | Harano | May 2005 | A1 |
| 20050099341 | Zhang et al. | May 2005 | A1 |
| 20050244024 | Fischer et al. | Nov 2005 | A1 |
| 20050248717 | Howell et al. | Nov 2005 | A1 |
| 20060012524 | Mierke et al. | Jan 2006 | A1 |
| 20060018496 | Niederdrank et al. | Jan 2006 | A1 |
| 20060061512 | Asano et al. | Mar 2006 | A1 |
| 20060071869 | Yoshino et al. | Apr 2006 | A1 |
| 20060115103 | Feng et al. | Jun 2006 | A1 |
| 20060181466 | Krupa | Aug 2006 | A1 |
| 20060192723 | Harada et al. | Aug 2006 | A1 |
| 20070080889 | Zhang | Apr 2007 | A1 |
| 20070171134 | Yoshino et al. | Jul 2007 | A1 |
| 20070229369 | Platz | Oct 2007 | A1 |
| 20070229376 | Desclos et al. | Oct 2007 | A1 |
| 20070230714 | Armstrong | Oct 2007 | A1 |
| 20070285321 | Chung et al. | Dec 2007 | A1 |
| 20080024375 | Martin et al. | Jan 2008 | A1 |
| 20080056520 | Christensen et al. | Mar 2008 | A1 |
| 20080079645 | Higasa et al. | Apr 2008 | A1 |
| 20080231524 | Zeiger et al. | Sep 2008 | A1 |
| 20090074221 | Westermann | Mar 2009 | A1 |
| 20090196444 | Solum | Aug 2009 | A1 |
| 20090231204 | Shaker et al. | Sep 2009 | A1 |
| 20090231211 | Zweers | Sep 2009 | A1 |
| 20090243944 | Jung et al. | Oct 2009 | A1 |
| 20090273530 | Chi et al. | Nov 2009 | A1 |
| 20090315787 | Schatzle | Dec 2009 | A1 |
| 20100020994 | Christensen et al. | Jan 2010 | A1 |
| 20100033380 | Pascolini et al. | Feb 2010 | A1 |
| 20100109953 | Tang | May 2010 | A1 |
| 20100158291 | Polinske et al. | Jun 2010 | A1 |
| 20100158293 | Polinske et al. | Jun 2010 | A1 |
| 20100158295 | Polinske et al. | Jun 2010 | A1 |
| 20100172525 | Angst et al. | Jul 2010 | A1 |
| 20100245201 | Hossain et al. | Sep 2010 | A1 |
| 20100321269 | Ishibana et al. | Dec 2010 | A1 |
| 20110007927 | Hedrick et al. | Jan 2011 | A1 |
| 20110022121 | Meskins | Jan 2011 | A1 |
| 20110129094 | Petersen | Jun 2011 | A1 |
| 20110294537 | Vance | Dec 2011 | A1 |
| 20120087506 | Ozden | Apr 2012 | A1 |
| 20120093324 | Sinasi | Apr 2012 | A1 |
| 20120154222 | Oh et al. | Jun 2012 | A1 |
| 20130308805 | Ozden | Nov 2013 | A1 |
| 20140010392 | Kvist | Jan 2014 | A1 |
| 20140185848 | Ozden et al. | Jul 2014 | A1 |
| 20140321685 | Rabel | Oct 2014 | A1 |
| Number | Date | Country |
|---|---|---|
| 1684549 | Oct 2005 | CN |
| 101835082 | Sep 2010 | CN |
| 3625891 | Feb 1988 | DE |
| 10 2004 01783 | Oct 2005 | DE |
| 10 2008 022 127 | Nov 2009 | DE |
| 1 231 819 | Aug 2002 | EP |
| 1294049 | Mar 2003 | EP |
| 1 465 457 | Oct 2004 | EP |
| 1 465 457 | Oct 2004 | EP |
| 1 589 609 | Oct 2005 | EP |
| 1 594 188 | Nov 2005 | EP |
| 1 681 903 | Jul 2006 | EP |
| 1 763 145 | Mar 2007 | EP |
| 1939984 | Feb 2008 | EP |
| 1 953 934 | Aug 2008 | EP |
| 2 200 120 | Jun 2010 | EP |
| 2 200 120 | Jun 2010 | EP |
| 2 207 238 | Jul 2010 | EP |
| 2 229 009 | Sep 2010 | EP |
| 2 302 737 | Mar 2011 | EP |
| 2 458 674 | May 2012 | EP |
| 2637251 | Nov 2013 | EP |
| 2 680 366 | Jan 2014 | EP |
| 2 723 101 | Apr 2014 | EP |
| 2 723 101 | Apr 2014 | EP |
| 2 765 650 | Aug 2014 | EP |
| S59-97204 | Jun 1984 | JP |
| H10-209739 | Aug 1998 | JP |
| 2005-304038 | Oct 2005 | JP |
| 2006025392 | Jan 2006 | JP |
| 2006-033853 | Feb 2006 | JP |
| 2012-090266 | May 2012 | JP |
| WO 9844762 | Oct 1998 | WO |
| WO 2011099226 | Dec 2001 | WO |
| WO 03026342 | Mar 2003 | WO |
| WO 2004110099 | Dec 2004 | WO |
| WO 2005076407 | Aug 2005 | WO |
| 2005081583 | Sep 2005 | WO |
| WO 2006055884 | May 2006 | WO |
| 2006122836 | Nov 2006 | WO |
| WO 2007045254 | Apr 2007 | WO |
| WO 2007140403 | Jun 2007 | WO |
| WO 2008012355 | Jan 2008 | WO |
| WO 2009010724 | Jan 2009 | WO |
| 2009098858 | Aug 2009 | WO |
| WO 2009098858 | Aug 2009 | WO |
| WO 2009117778 | Oct 2009 | WO |
| WO 2010065356 | Jun 2010 | WO |
| WO 2011099226 | Aug 2011 | WO |
| WO 2012059302 | May 2012 | WO |
| WO 2014090420 | Jun 2014 | WO |
| Entry |
|---|
| 1st Technical Examination and Search Report dated Jan. 25, 2013 for DK Patent Application No. PA 2012 70412, 4 pages. |
| 1st Technical Examination and Search Report dated Jan. 24, 2013 for DK Patent Application No. PA 2012 70411, 5 pages. |
| Second Technical Examination dated Aug. 6, 2013 for DK Patent Application No. PA 2012 70411, 2 pages. |
| Second Technical Examination—Intention to Grant dated Jul. 8, 2013 for DK Patent Application No. PA 2012 70412, 2 pages. |
| Final Office Action dated Feb. 27, 2014, for U.S. Appl. No. 13/271,180. |
| Extended European Search Report dated Mar. 7, 2014 for EP Patent Application No. 11184507.9. |
| Second Danish Office Action dated Apr. 24, 2012 for Danish Patent Application No. PA 2010 00931. |
| First Danish Office Action dated Apr. 26, 2011 for Danish Patent Application No. PA 2010 00931. |
| Danish Office Action dated Apr. 30, 2012 for Danish Patent Application No. PA 2011 70566. |
| Danish Office Action dated May 1, 2012 for Danish Patent Application No. PA 2011 70567. |
| Third Danish Office Action dated Oct. 17, 2012 for Danish Patent Application No. PA 2010 00931. |
| First Office Action dated Feb. 12, 2013 for Japanese Patent Application No. 2011-224711. |
| Fourth Danish Office Action , Intention to Grant dated Feb. 13, 2013 for Danish Patent Application No. PA 2010 00931. |
| Notice of Reasons for Rejection dated May 21, 2013 for Japanese Patent Application No. 2011-224705. |
| Non-final Office Action dated Oct. 8, 2013 for U.S. Appl. No. 13/271,180. |
| Chinese Office Action and Search Report dated Nov. 12, 2013 for related CN Patent Application No. 201110317264.6. |
| Chinese Office Action and Search Report dated Dec. 4, 2013 for related CN Patent Application No. 201110317229.4. |
| First Technical Examination and Search Report Dated Jan. 18, 2013 for DK Patent Application No. PA 2012 70410, 4 pages. |
| Second Technical Examination dated Jul. 12, 2013, for DK Patent Application No. PA 2012 70410, 2 pages. |
| Third Technical Examination dated Jan. 31, 2014, for DK Patent Application No. PA 2012 70410, 2 pages. |
| Extended European Search Report dated Apr. 17, 2014 for EP Patent Application No. 13192316.1. |
| Extended European Search Report dated Apr. 22, 2014 for EP Patent Application No. 13192323.7. |
| Extended European Search Report dated Mar. 7, 2014 for EP Patent Application No. 11184503.8. |
| Extended European Search Report dated May 14, 2014 for EP Patent Application No. 13192322.9. |
| Extended European Search Report dated May 6, 2014 for EP Patent Application No. 13175258.6. |
| Final Office Action dated Aug. 29, 2014 for U.S. Appl. No. 13/848,605. |
| First Technical Examination and Search Report dated Jun. 26, 2014 for DK Patent Application No. PA 2013 70667, 5 pages. |
| Non-Final Office Action dated Jul. 29, 2014 for U.S. Appl. No. 13/917,448. |
| Non-Final Office Action dated Mar. 27, 2014 for U.S. Appl. No. 13/848,605. |
| Non-Final Office Action dated May 22, 2014 for U.S. Appl. No. 13/271,170. |
| Office Action dated Jun. 17, 2014 in Japanese Patent Application No. 2013-258396, 3 pages. |
| First Technical Examination dated Jun. 25, 2014 for DK Patent Application No. PA 2013 70665, 5 pages. |
| First Technical Examination dated Jun. 26, 2014 for DK Patent Application No. PA 201370664, 5 pages. |
| First Technical Examination and Search Report dated Jun. 27, 2014 for DK Patent Application No. PA 2013 70666, 5 pages. |
| Non-final Office Action dated Nov. 18, 2014 for U.S. Appl. No. 13/271,180. |
| Conway et al., Antennas for Over-Body-Surface Communication at 2.45 GHz, Apr. 2009, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 57, No. 4, pp. 844-855. |
| Non-final Office Action dated Nov. 19, 2014 for U.S. Appl. No. 13/931,556. |
| Final Office Action dated Dec. 31, 2014 for U.S. Appl. No. 13/271,170. |
| Non-final Office Action dated Jan. 5, 2015 for U.S. Appl. No. 13/848,605. |
| Extended European Search Report dated Oct. 9, 2014 for EP Patent Application No. 14181165.3. |
| Examiner Bengtsson, Rune, “Novelty Search including a Preliminary Patentability Opinion Report”, in reference to P81007295DK02, dated Jul. 28, 2011 (8 pages). |
| Examiner Bengtsson, Rune, “Novelty Search including a Preliminary Patentability Opinion Report”, in reference to P81101358DK01, dated Jul. 28, 2011 (8 pages). |
| Non-final Office Action dated Jan. 15, 2015 for U.S. Appl. No. 14/199,511. |
| Non-final Office Action dated Feb. 5, 2015 for U.S. Appl. No. 14/198,396. |
| Non-final Office Action dated Feb. 24, 2015 for U.S. Appl. No. 14/202,486. |
| Notice of Allowance dated Mar. 5, 2015 for U.S. Appl. No. 13/917,448. |
| Notice of Allowance dated Apr. 24, 2015 for U.S. Appl. No. 13/931,556. |
| First Technical Examination and Search Report dated Mar. 9, 2015, for related Danish Patent Application No. PA 2014 70489. |
| Non-final Office Action dated May 7, 2015 for U.S. Appl. No. 13/271,180. |
| Advisory Action dated May 14, 2015 for U.S. Appl. No. 13/271,170. |
| Notice of Allowance and Fee(s) Due dated May 22, 2015 for U.S. Appl. No. 13/848,605. |
| Non-final Office Action dated Jun. 10, 2015 for U.S. Appl. No. 14/199,263. |
| Notice of Allowance and Fee(s) Due dated Jun. 18, 2015, for U.S. Appl. No. 13/917,448. |
| Communication pursuant to Article 94(3) EPC dated Mar. 16, 2015, for related European Patent Application No. 11 184 503.8, 12 pages. |
| Communication pursuant to Article 94(3) EPC dated Mar. 19, 2015, for related European Patent Application No. 11 184 507.9, 12 pages. |
| Non-final Office Action dated Jul. 1, 2015 for U.S. Appl. No. 14/199,070. |
| Notice of Allowance and Fee(s) Due dated Nov. 18, 2015 for related U.S. Appl. No. 13/931,556. |
| Final Office Action dated Nov. 18, 2015 for related U.S. Appl. No. 14/199,263. |
| Non-final Office Action dated Dec. 2, 2015 for related U.S. Appl. No. 13/271,180. |
| Notice of Allowance and Fee(s) Due dated Dec. 18, 2015 for related U.S. Appl. No. 13/917,448. |
| Notification of Reasons for Rejection dated Nov. 24, 2015 for related Japanese Patent Application No. 2014-228343, 8 pages. |
| Notice of Allowance and Fees Due dated Aug. 3, 2015 for related U.S. Appl. No. 13/931,556. |
| Non-final Office Action dated Aug. 17, 2015 for related U.S. Appl. No. 14/198,396. |
| Non-final Office Action dated Aug. 25, 2015 for related U.S. Appl. No. 14/202,486. |
| Notice of Allowance and Fee(s) Due dated Sep. 2, 2015 for related U.S. Appl. No. 14/199,511. |
| Notice of Allowance and Fee(s) Due dated Sep. 3, 2015 for related U.S. Appl. No. 13/848,605. |
| Notice of Allowance and Fee(s) Due dated Sep. 25, 2015 for related U.S. Appl. No. 13/271,170. |
| Advisory Action dated Feb. 1, 2016 for related U.S. Appl. No. 14/199,263. |
| Notice of Allowance and Fees Due dated Mar. 3, 2016 for related U.S. Appl. No. 13/931,556. |
| Final Office Action dated Mar. 22, 2016 for related U.S. Appl. No. 14/202,486. |
| Notice of Allowance and Fee(s) due dated Mar. 23, 2016 for related U.S. Appl. No. 14/198,396. |
| Final Office Action dated Apr. 4, 2016 for related U.S. Appl. No. 13/271,180. |
| Final Office Action dated Apr. 15, 2016 for related U.S. Appl. No. 14/199,070. |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20140010392 A1 | Jan 2014 | US |
