Patent Grant
8707652
The present invention relates to a building block serving as a mold when carrying out civil engineering and construction works and forming an external appearance of a structure, a building structure and a method of bricking a wall using the same.
Generally, when carrying out a civil engineering and construction work, several stages of processes are performed. Thus, it is required to take a long term of works, waste additional materials and use heavy-weight materials. Also, a lot of professional human resources are supplied thereto, causing a building cost to increase. And, leakage frequently occurs due to problems on the material and the construction. Furthermore, several problems exist, such as pollution generated from the materials, fire, cracks, efflorescence phenomena, etc.
Particularly, a bearing wall and a non-bearing wall of the building structure are fabricated by forming a wall space into a desired shape generally using a mold, infusing mortar made of cement and coarse sand into the wall space in a state that a reinforcing bar is placed and curing the mortar. Alternately, the bearing wall and the non-bearing wall are fabricated by bricking cement blocks or cement bricks made of cement and coarse sand, or bricking another kind of bricks. And, an exterior wall of the bearing wall is plastered with the cement mortar or finished by facing a tile or by bricking clay bricks.
However, when forming a cement mortar wall according to the related art method, efflorescence occurs, that is, the cement mortar is partially dissolved and outwardly flows due to an introduction of rainwater, causing the exterior wall of a building to be stained. And, in order to remove the efflorescence, the exterior wall should be recoated with paint.
Also, the related art bearing and non-bearing walls are weakened in intensity and have cracks due to a load of the building, as time elapses.
In addition, it is required to spend much time on bricking bricks or blocks and plastering, much money on skilled and professional human resources, and much time and cost on repairing processes for leakage, cracks, efflorescence or the like.
Therefore, it is an object of the present invention to provide:
The objects will be achieved by following configurations of the present invention.
Hereafter, description will now be given in detail of preferred embodiments of the present invention with accompanying drawings.
Referring to
Here, concavo-convex coupling portions 111, 121 are respectively formed at each inner periphery of the first and second exterior walls 110, 120. The concavo-convex coupling portions 111, 121 are formed in a complementary shape with concavo-convex portions of adjacent blocks in upper, lower, right and left directions so as to be concavo-convexly coupled to the adjacent blocks. Particularly, the first block 100 in accordance with the first embodiment has the first and second exterior walls 110, 120 having inner peripheries, namely, peripheries in upper and lower directions and peripheries in right and left directions, formed in a concave shape, respectively.
And, leakage preventing recesses 113, 123 are formed at each outer periphery of the first and second exterior walls 110, 120 along the peripheries, respectively. The leakage preventing recesses 113, 123 serve to prevent efflorescence occurrence. Particularly, mortar filled in the block may flow out of the inner wall of the block by being dissolved due to an introduction of rainwater or the like. Even though the leakage of a solution is primarily restricted by a bonding process performed when concavo-convexly coupling the blocks, the solution may still leak, occasionally. Thus, the leakage preventing recesses 113, 123 are formed, accordingly the solution flows down the building along the leakage preventing recesses 113, 123 by gravity without leaking out of the exterior wall of the block.
Also, the first block 100 may further include a heat insulator 140 established at a space formed by the first and second exterior walls 110, 120 and the connecting portion 130, as shown in two-dot chain line in
And, as shown in ”, and both ends 133 thereof are more protruded than the first and second exterior walls 110, 120. The both ends 133 of the connecting portion 130 are engaged with ends of a heat insulator in an adjacent block on the same line (layer), thereby reinforcing the fixing of the blocks in the width direction. In the meantime, preferably, only one connecting portion 130 is provided so as to facilitate inserting of the reinforcing bar in the length direction and obtain a space for filling the mortar and/or a space for loading the heat insulator. However, it should be noted that two or more connecting portions may be provided depending on the bricking purposes.
In some cases, a pipe hole 117 for distributing wires or laying pipes may be formed at least one of the first and second exterior walls 110, 120. The pipe hole 117 can be easily formed in advance, thus it is not required to break the wall for forming the pipe hole after the bricking process.
And, preferably, detachable surface protecting films (not shown) are attached onto the outer surfaces of the first and second exterior walls 110, 120. The surface protecting films is attached to prevent the surfaces of the exterior walls from being damaged due to the mortar or foreign substances resulting from processes such as bricking of the blocks and filling of the mortar.
The block 100 may be formed of a ceramic material. For example, the ceramic material is infused into a mold having the aforementioned block structure and molded in a manner of an injection molding or a compression molding with a large amount. Then, a molded body is dried by a counter-flow tunnel drying manner and then firstly calcined at approximately 600˜700° C. Thereafter, after performing a mural transfer processing on the outer surface of the exterior wall as necessary, the molded body is secondly calcined at 1250˜1300° C., and then cooled. Finally, after enameling the molded body and attaching the surface protecting film thereonto, a block having a specific shape can be obtained. However, the block of the present invention is not limited to the aforementioned material and fabricating method.
Meanwhile, a second block 200 in accordance with a second embodiment of the present invention is shown in
Here, concavo-convex coupling portions 211, 221 are respectively formed at each inner periphery of the first and second exterior walls 210, 220. Particularly, upper and lower parts of the inner peripheries of the first and second exterior walls 210, 220 are concave portions, while right and left parts thereof are convex portions. The second block 200 is concavo-convexly coupled to the first block 100 right and left, alternatively. Since the right and left parts of the inner peripheries of the first and second exterior walls 110, 120 of the first block are concave portions, corresponding portions of the second block are convex portions. Preferably, a height of upper and lower concave portions of the second block 200 is same as that of the upper and lower concave portions of the first block 100 in an aspect of concavo-convexly coupling following third and fourth blocks.
Referring to ”, and both ends 233 thereof are protruded by the convex portions of the inner peripheries of the first and second exterior walls 210, 220. The both ends 233 are engaged with ends of the heat insulator within the first block 100, thereby reinforcing the fixing of the blocks in the width direction.
Else, regarding leakage preventing recesses 213, 223 respectively formed along the outer peripheries of the first and second exterior walls 210, 220, a heat insulator (not shown), a pipe hole (not shown), a surface protecting film (not shown), a material and a fabricating method of the block, etc., it may be same as the aforementioned description of the first embodiment.
Meanwhile, a third block 300 in accordance with a third embodiment of the present invention is shown in
Here, concavo-convex coupling portions 311, 321 are respectively formed at each inner periphery of the first and second exterior walls 310, 320. Particularly, all of the inner peripheries of the first and second exterior walls 310, 320 in upper and lower directions and right and left directions are formed in a convex shape, respectively. The third block 300 is concavo-convexly coupled to the first and second blocks 100, 200 disposed at lines upper and/or lower than a line on which the third block is bricked, simultaneously. Since the upper and lower peripheries of the first and second blocks 100, 200 are concave portions, corresponding portions of the third block are convex portions. And, in order to be concavo-convexly coupled to the fourth block right and left, the right and left peripheries of the third block 300 are formed in the convex shape.
Referring to
Else, regarding leakage preventing recesses 313, 323 respectively formed along the outer peripheries of the first and second exterior walls 310, 320, a heat insulator (not shown), a pipe hole (not shown), a surface protecting film (not shown), a material and a fabricating method of the block, etc., it may be same as the aforementioned description of the first embodiment.
Meanwhile, a fourth block 400 in accordance with a fourth embodiment of the present invention is shown in
Here, concavo-convex coupling portions 411, 421 are respectively formed at each inner periphery of the first and second exterior walls 410, 420. Particularly, upper and lower part of the inner peripheries of the first and second exterior walls 410, 420 are convex portions, while right and left parts thereof are concave portions. The fourth block 400 is concavo-convexly coupled to the first and second blocks 100, 200 disposed at lines upper and/or lower than a line on which the fourth block is bricked, simultaneously. Since the right and left parts of the inner peripheries of the first and second exterior walls 110, 120 of the first block are concave portions, corresponding portions of the fourth block are convex portions. Preferably, a height of upper and lower concave portions of the fourth block 400 is same as that of the upper and lower concave portions of the third block 300 in an aspect of concavo-convexly coupling the first and second blocks. And, in order to be concavo-convexly coupled to the third block right and left, the right and left peripheries of the fourth block 400 are formed in the concave shape.
Referring to
Else, regarding leakage preventing recesses 413, 423 respectively formed along the outer peripheries of the first and second exterior walls 410, 420, a heat insulator (not shown), a pipe hole (not shown), a surface protecting film (not shown), a material and a fabricating method of the block, etc., it may be same as the aforementioned description of the first embodiment.
In the present invention, a plane block (the first to fourth blocks) having a “—” shaped plane was described, however it may be applied to a corner block having a “” shaped plane, a three-directional intermediate block having a “
” shaped plane, a four-directional intermediate block having a “
” shaped plane, etc.
Referring to
Referring to
Referring to ” shaped portion and a “
” shaped portion, and is provided with a connecting portion 640 connecting the two portions of the second exterior wall to each other and having an upper portion provided with a mounting groove 641 for mounting a width-directional reinforcing bar. Here, concavo-convex coupling portions 611, 621 are respectively formed at each inner periphery of the first and second exterior walls 610, 620. Particularly, all of the inner peripheries of the first and second exterior walls 610, 620 are concave portions. The three-directional intermediate block 600 is coupled to the second block 200 within the same line, and upwardly and downwardly coupled to a following three-directional intermediate block 600a disposed at upper and/or lower lines thereof, in the concavo-convex manner. And, leakage preventing recesses 613, 623 are respectively formed at each outer periphery of the first and second exterior walls 610, 620.
Referring to
Referring to ” shaped portion and a “
” shaped portion, and is provided with a connecting portion 750 connecting the two portions of the first exterior wall to each other and having an upper portion provided with a mounting groove 751 for mounting a width-directional reinforcing bar. And, the second exterior wall 720 has planes divided into a “
” shaped portion and a “
” shaped portion, and is provided with a connecting portion 740 connecting the two portions of the second exterior wall to each other and having an upper portion provided with a mounting groove 741 for mounting the width directional reinforcing bar. Here, concavo-convex coupling portions 711, 721 are respectively formed at each inner periphery of the first and second exterior walls 710, 720. Particularly, all of the inner peripheries of the first and second exterior walls 710, 720 are concave portions. The four-directional intermediate block 700 is concavo-convexly coupled to the second block 200 within the same line. And, leakage preventing recesses 713, 723 are respectively formed at each outer periphery of the first and second exterior walls 710, 720.
Referring to
Hereafter, one exemplary method of bricking a wall using the first to fourth blocks 100, 200, 300, 400 will be described with reference to
First, cement mortar 10 is cast on a ground to be bricked.
Thereafter, a first line is bricked over the cement mortar 10. That is, after performing a bonding process for the concavo-convex portions of the first and/or second blocks 100, 200, the first block 100 and the second block 200 are concavo-convexly coupled in right and left directions, alternatively, and adhered to each other. Then, a width-directional reinforcing bar 21 is mounted at the first mounting grooves of the first and second blocks 100, 200. Upon concavo-convexly coupling the first block 100 and the second block 200 to each other, each leakage preventing recess formed at each outer periphery of each exterior wall of the blocks also comes into contact with each other, thus forms a connecting passage for leakage water. It doesn't matter which process precedes between the placing of the width-directional reinforcing bar 21 and the bricking of the first and second blocks 100, 200.
Thereafter, a second line is bricked over the first line. That is, after performing the bonding process for the concavo-convex coupling portions of the third and/or fourth blocks 100, 200, the third block 300 and the fourth block 400 are concavo-convexly coupled in right and left directions, alternatively, and adhered to each other. Then, a width-directional reinforcing bar 22 is mounted at the first mounting grooves of the third and fourth blocks 300, 400. Here, the third block 300 is simultaneously coupled and adhered to upper ends of the first and second blocks 100, 200, and the fourth block 400 is simultaneously coupled and adhered to the upper ends of the first and second blocks 100, 200 so as to perform the brick work (i.e., masonry) zigzag. When the third block 300 and the fourth block 400 are concavo-convexly coupled in the right and left directions over the first and second blocks 100, 200, each leakage preventing recess formed at each outer periphery (upper, lower, right and left) of each exterior wall of the blocks also comes into contact with each other, thus forms a connecting passage for leakage water. Further, preferably, the width-directional reinforcing bar 21 of the first line and the width-directional reinforcing bar 22 of the second line are zigzag placed back and forth so as to prevent the reinforcing bars from gathering together. It doesn't matter which process precedes between the placing of the width-directional reinforcing bar 22 and the bricking of the third and fourth blocks 300, 400.
Thereafter, length-directional reinforcing bars are placed in the first to fourth blocks. The length-directional reinforcing bars 33, 34, as shown, may simultaneously pass through the first and fourth blocks 100, 400, and the second and third blocks 200, 300, respectively in the length direction. Alternately, though it is not shown, the length-directional reinforcing bars 33, 34 may simultaneously pass through the first and third blocks, and the second and fourth blocks, respectively in the length direction. The placing of the length-directional reinforcing bars may be performed after the bricking of the first line or the bricking of the third line.
Thereafter, a third line is bricked over the second line. The third line is bricked by the method same as that of the first line. But, the first block 100 of the third line is simultaneously coupled and adhered to upper ends of the third and fourth blocks 300, 400 of the second line, and the second block 200 of the third line is simultaneously coupled and adhered to the upper ends of the third and fourth blocks 300, 400 of the second line.
Thereafter, the cement mortar is cast at once along the third line. Accordingly, the cement mortar is filled up to the ground through inner spaces of the blocks of the first to third lines, thus the brick work is partially completed. Preferably, the mortar is filled until it is horizon with the upper end of the connecting portion of the blocks of the third line. Here, the casting work may be performed using yellow ocher, etc. instead of the cement mortar.
With the abovementioned method, when executing the processes such as bricking, placing, mortar filling, etc. for 3 lines, next accumulated 6 lines, next accumulated 9 lines, etc., it is capable of bricking the wall as high as wanted. In this embodiment, the mortar filling is executed whenever performing the brick work by 3 lines, however it is not limited thereto.
In accordance with the present invention, there are advantages as follows.
First, since the block serving as the mold forms the external appearance, it is capable of preventing additional materials from being used, simplifying the construction, drastically reducing the term of works, and easily constructing the building structure by an ordinary person who is not professional.
Second, because of the inner structure of the block itself, it is capable of placing reinforcing bars in length and width directions, increasing a tensile strength of the building structure, and loading the heat insulator in the block, which results in a great insulating effect.
Third, since the blocks are concavo-convexly coupled to each other in the zigzag manner, it is capable of enhancing the tensile strength and durability of the wall, and since the leakage preventing recesses are formed along peripheries of the blocks, it is capable of minimizing the leakage, cracks, efflorescence, etc. of the building structure.
Fourth, it is capable of flexibly creating paintings or patterns on the outer surface when fabricating the block. And, in case that the block is formed of the ceramic material, it is capable of implementing an excellent appearance by itself and effectively preventing the pollution caused by the building materials.
Fifth, since the pipe hole for distributing wires and laying pipes is easily formed, it is not required to break the wall for forming the pipe hole after the bricking process.
Sixth, using the method simpler than the related art, it is capable of drastically reducing the cost and building a permanently lasting building structure.
It will also be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, it is intended that the present invention cover modifications and variations of this invention provided they come within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 10-2007-0128631 | Dec 2007 | KR | national |
| 10-2008-0028845 | Mar 2008 | KR | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind | 371c Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/KR2008/001763 | 3/28/2008 | WO | 00 | 1/2/2009 |
| Publishing Document | Publishing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| WO2009/075412 | 6/18/2009 | WO | A |
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| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20100236179 A1 | Sep 2010 | US |
