Patent Application
20240247483
The invention relates to a building block and a set of modular building elements made of a polymer-based material intended for the construction of foundational and wall structures, including underground, above-ground, and support structures, wherein the set comprising these building blocks comprehensively and systematically solves the problems associated with the construction itself, the implementation of insulation, the wiring of installations, and the implementation of surface treatments.
In the prior art, building systems are known consisting of building blocks that are hollow and serve as a lost formwork into which reinforcement or other structures are inserted, and the whole system is subsequently monolithed with concrete grout. In addition to brick and concrete blocks, blocks made of lightweight materials such as autoclaved aerated concrete, foam concrete, mineral bonded wood wool board, polymeric material, or blocks lightened with polystyrene, etc. are also utilized, which are less demanding for transport and handling on the construction site due to their lower weight.
An embodiment of lightweight breeze blocks made of a plastic material is described, for example, in the document DE202010017057 U1, which discloses a system of two types of hollow plastic building blocks, wherein the cavity of the block is divided into segments and these segments may comprise any fill, in particular of insulating materials. The blocks are connected with corner pins and then reinforced with screws.
Similarly, the document U.S. Pat. No. 5,311,718 A: discloses plastic building blocks whose cavity is divided into separate segments that can be filled with an insulating material, but no further information on the implementation of the insulation (thermal insulation or waterproofing) is given in the document. The document also does not describe any elements that would ensure the cohesion of the building block with the building blocks in the previous or following row of masonry, wherein the blocks must be laid in a mortar bed during the construction.
The hollow plastic building blocks described in the document U.S. Pat. No. 3,410,044 A directly comprise both the thermal and acoustic insulation as well as surface treatment, however, the block is not adapted to house the insulation material in the selected cavity of the building block, since the cavities of the building block are only intended for the insertion of a reinforcement and concrete grout. The insulating function is performed only by the material from which the wall of the building block itself is made. The document does not disclose any connecting elements that would ensure the cohesion of the building block with multiple building blocks in the previous row of masonry.
The document AT377300 B describes concrete hollow building blocks that comprise separate cavities for the insertion of a reinforcement with a concrete grout, as well as cavities for the housing of a continuous layer of thermal insulation. The thermal insulation is done as a fill only on the construction site, wherein the blocks comprise openings for the flow of an insulating material from the chamber of one element to another. These concrete blocks, however, do not comprise any waterproofing or elements ensuring the cohesion of the individual rows of masonry during the laying of the building blocks, that is before the connection with the concrete grout.
Thus, there is currently no known system using building blocks for foundational structures, underground support structures (basement), and above-ground support structures that would meet the requirements for cohesion, insulation implementation (both the thermal insulation and waterproofing) and at the same time minimise the labour intensity and time requirements for the construction. A disadvantage of the above mentioned building blocks is that they cannot be simply connected and laid on the previous row of masonry without the need for gluing or mortar connecting, in the case of solutions with connecting pins, these pins have to be precisely seated in the corresponding opening and can thus be easily damaged when the blocks are being reseated. The building blocks currently used also do not allow the insertion of insulation in such a way that the individual insulating inserts of each building block are continuously connected to each other and can form a continuous insulation of the whole building. In the case of application of a continuous insulating layer, the insulation is only added at the construction site, which increases the construction time and reduces the quality of the insulation compared to insulation carried out and controlled in an industrial environment.
The above mentioned disadvantages are to a certain extent eliminated by a building block for masoning made of a polymer-based material, wherein the building block for masoning comprises a plurality of outer walls, a cavity of the building block, at least one inner wall, and at least two connecting elements, wherein the outer walls of the building block are arranged in the shape of an n-gon surrounding the cavity of the building block and the cavity of the building block is at least partially open on both the lower and upper sides of the building block, wherein the cavity is divided by the inner wall into at least two parts of the cavity of the building block, where at least one part of the cavity is adapted for the insertion of an insulating insert. Each connecting element is adapted for the insertion into the cavity of another building block, wherein at least one connecting element is intended for the insertion into the cavity of a different one of two neighbouring building blocks of different row of masonry than the other connecting element. Each connecting element is attached to a wall of the building block and offset from that wall in a direction towards the inside of the cavity of the building block, wherein each connecting element comprises a wall of the connecting element protruding from a respective wall of the building block, wherein the wall of the connecting element comprises a free end and side edges, wherein the side edges approach each other from the place of attachment to the wall towards the free end, wherein the building block further comprises an insulating layer, wherein the insulating layer at least partially surrounds a part of the cavity adapted for the insertion of the insulating insert.
The outer walls of the building block are composed of the circumferential walls of the building block in the shape of an n-gon, wherein the cavity is defined by the outer walls and is at least partially open. It is therefore at least a partially hollow building block, where at least one outer wall is a facing one and at least one outer wall is a side one, wherein the side wall can be attached to the side wall of a neighbouring building block in the same row during the masoning and the facing wall remains accessible and visible even after the building blocks have been assembled into a row of masonry. The inner wall means a flat element extending over at least part of the length or width of the cavity, which divides the cavity of the building block into parts of the cavity adapted for the placement of various types of fills, apart from the insulating insert, such as e.g. a reinforcement or concrete grout. The part of the cavity for the insertion of the insulating insert is adapted, e.g. by its dimensions or by shaping of the walls surrounding this part of the cavity, wherein it preferably extends along at least one entire facing outer wall of the block, where the position of the inner wall relative to the outer wall determines the thickness of this insulating insert. The building block may also comprise a plurality of multiple facing outer walls which touch each other by their vertical edge, wherein the part of the cavity adapted for the insertion of the insulating insert may be adjacent to all such neighbouring outer facing walls. The part of the cavity may be adapted for the insertion of the insulating insert by being completely open on the upper or lower side of the building block, depending on which side the insulating insert is to be inserted into the part of the cavity, or by widening the part of the cavity for the insertion of the insulating insert towards the mouth of the cavity on the upper or lower side of the building block through which the insulating insert is to be inserted into the part of the cavity.
At least one part of the cavity, which is not intended for the insertion of the insulating insert, is intended to be filled with a concrete grout, wherein the dimensions of this part of the cavity correspond to the thickness of the future support part of the building block after grouting the concrete grout. Therefore, the dimensions of the building block and the part of the cavity to be filled with the concrete grout can be adapted to the preferred overall thickness of the building block/masonry or the thickness of the support part of the building block/masonry. When planning to use a concrete grout made of high-strength concrete, it is possible e.g. to reduce the dimension of the building block in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the block. The side outer walls of the building block adjacent to the part of the cavity not intended for the insertion of the insulating insert may approach each other, wherein the building block is bulged on both sides in the direction of the longitudinal axis and the cavity has a smaller width at that place of the building block than at the place of the facing outer walls, wherein the bulging side wall is not completely adjacent to the bulging side wall of an neighbouring building block in the same row. Subsequently, both the cavities of the neighbouring building blocks and the gaps between the bulging side walls of the neighbouring building blocks can be grouted with the concrete grout.
Alternatively, the inner wall may extend only partially along the length, width, or height of the cavity and may take the form of a rib or reinforcement. Both of these types of the inner wall also ensure the cohesion and spatial stiffness of the entire building block. The building block is made of a polymer-based material, e.g. granulate of commonly used thermoplastics (PP, PE, PVC, and more), or a polymer composite that comprises a suitable filler modifying the properties of the polymer such as strength, modulus of elasticity, wear resistance, and others. The filler can be e.g. carbon fibres, glass fibres, ground silica sand, or even natural materials. Possible production methods include e.g. casting, injecting, injection moulding, or 3D printing. The thickness of the walls of the building block is approximately 5 to 10 mm.
The connecting element is attached to a wall and offset from that wall in a direction towards the inside of the cavity of the building block, wherein this offset corresponds to the dimension of the thickness of the wall in such a way that the connecting element can be inserted into the cavity of another building block and the wall of the connecting element is adjacent to the outer wall of another building block on its side oriented towards the inside of the cavity. The connecting element is intended for the insertion into the building block of another row of masonry, wherein the another row means the row of masonry immediately below or above the row of masonry comprising the building block with this connecting element. When the connecting element is attached to the inner wall, the wall of this connecting element attached to the inner wall is offset in an inward direction of the selected part of the cavity. The side edges of the wall of the connecting element may be straight, corresponding to a wall of the connecting element e.g. in the shape of a trapezoid or triangle, or they may be rounded. The connecting element is adapted for the insertion into the cavity of another building block, wherein the narrowing of the wall of the connecting element, that is the approaching of the side edges of the wall of the connecting element, is preferable in particular for the reseating of the building block relative to another building block, when the building block can ride along this side edge to an appropriate place in the cavity of another building side. The connecting element is preferably a direct part of the casting of the building block.
Preferably, at least two connecting elements are attached to at least one outer wall of the building block. Each of these two neighbouring connecting elements is adapted for the insertion into the cavity of a different one of two neighbouring building blocks of a different row of masonry. In this sense, a symmetrical arrangement of the connecting elements around one or two planes is preferable, in particular around a vertical plane in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the building block. The longitudinal axis means the main axis of the building block in the direction of the longest dimension of the building block, in the context of the invention, another axis of the block may be equivalent to this axis relative to which the building block is at least partially symmetrical. The side edges of these connecting elements attached to one wall may almost touch each other at one place where a space for an almost peak joint is created between the side edges of the connecting elements, wherein the smallest distance between these two connecting elements is given by twice the thickness of the wall of the building block. This shape of the joint between the connecting elements with approaching edges is more preferable than a simple groove, because the bevelled top of the peak joint gives the exact position of the contact of the building block with the edges of the side outer walls of two neighbouring building blocks of another (previous) row of masonry.
The building block preferably comprises at least two connecting elements attached to the inner wall, wherein this inner wall is parallel to the outer wall to which at least two connecting elements are attached. The connecting elements attached to the inner wall are preferably offset in an inward direction of the part of the cavity into which the insulating insert is intended to be inserted. By also attaching the connecting elements to the inner wall, it is possible to further increase the cohesive capacity of the building block with other building blocks into whose cavity the connecting element can be inserted.
The insulating insert is preferably inserted into the part of the cavity between the outer wall to which the two connecting elements are attached and the inner wall to which the two connecting elements are attached, wherein the insulating insert overlaps the outer wall and the inner wall with its projecting part up or down (beyond the cavity defined by the outer walls), wherein this projecting part follows the shape of the walls of the connecting elements in the direction of the front view of the building block, that is in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the building block that is perpendicular to the respective outer and inner wall between which the insulating insert is inserted. In other words, this front view is oriented to the facing outer wall of the building block to which the insulating insert is adjacent. The part of the cavity adapted for the insertion of the insulating insert may comprise a solid bottom or be open at both the lower and upper sides of the building block.
The insulating insert preferably comprises a recess on the opposite side of the insulating insert from the projecting part, wherein the shape of the recess of the insulating insert is complementary to the shape of the connecting elements and the projecting part. This recess is adapted to accept the recess of the insulating insert and the connecting elements of the building blocks belonging to another (immediately following) row of masonry. The projecting part of the insulating insert, during assembly, rides along the area of the recess of the insulating insert of the neighbouring building block belonging to the previous row of masonry, wherein the insulating insert including the projecting part is largely protected from abrasion or other damage by the walls of the connecting elements.
The building block further preferably comprises an insulating layer, wherein the insulating layer at least partially surrounds the part of the cavity adapted for the insertion of the insulating insert. The insulating layer can be made of the same or different insulating material or type of insulation as the insulating insert. The insulating materials include e.g. polystyrene, polyurethane, mineral wool, natural fibre-based insulation, and others. The type of insulation means the function of the insulation, in particular thermal, acoustic, fire, radon insulation or waterproofing, wherein one material can perform the function of several types of insulation at the same time (e.g. thermal and acoustic). The insulating insert is preferably made of a different material than the insulating layer, wherein the insulating insert is made of materials with the function of thermal insulation and the insulating layer is made of an elastic band with a waterproofing function. An advantage of such a building block with an insulating insert and insulating layer is that it comprises most types of insulation (thermal and acoustic insulation, waterproofing, radon insulation), wherein the application of the insulating insert and the insulating layer can be implemented already at the stage of production of the building block, or additionally in situ. In addition to the part of the cavity adapted for the insertion of the insulating insert, the insulating layer can also surround a part of the outer walls of the building block and, in the case of a building block with an inserted insulating insert, also the recess and the projecting part of the insulating insert, or the bottom of the respective part of the cavity of the building block.
The building block further preferably comprises an anchoring element rigidly or removably fastened to the outer wall. The anchoring element is any shaped element, e.g. an eye, hook, or any other type of lug that can be used to fix additional structures to the building block. The anchoring element preferably has the shape of a double eye, wherein installations can be guided both in the horizontal and vertical direction through this anchoring element. The anchoring element can be a fixed part of the casting of the building block from the production, or it can be secured to the building block afterwards, either permanently or removably. The anchoring element is mainly used for fixing the wiring of electrical wiring and piping, fixing facing elements, cladding, plasterboards, etc., as well as for connecting the masonry of an inner support or non-support structure (partition). Anchoring elements on the outer walls oriented towards the exterior of the masonry can be used for curtain walls. An advantage of such suspended installations, possibly covered by a facing structure, is the absence of interference in the structure of the building block itself, such as cutting, drilling, and subsequent incorporating, which ensures a waste-free installation. In addition, the installations remain accessible for easy maintenance or replacement of the installations.
Preferably the outer wall of the building block comprises a groove for a removable fastening of the anchoring element. The groove allows for additional fastening of the anchoring element at the selected place and can be implemented on any part of the outer wall in a vertical or horizontal direction. The groove can be created during the production of the building block by shaping the mould or afterwards.
The building block preferably comprises a total of at least two grooves regularly arranged along the length or width of the outer wall. By spacing a larger number of grooves for fixing the anchoring element, the position of the anchoring element on the outer wall can be more precisely selected, or the fixing of additional structures to one building block can be ensured at several places. The distance of the individual grooves on the outer wall may correspond to the modular dimension of the building block from which the enlarged or reduced modules of the building block are derived.
The set of modular building elements made of a polymer-based material and intended for the building of foundational and wall structures of this invention comprises foundation building blocks comprising a cavity enclosed by a solid bottom and, furthermore, the hollow building blocks described above.
It is a complex system where the foundation building blocks, hollow building blocks, and possibly other elements are made of a polymeric material and are therefore light and easy to handle. The embodiment of the hollow building blocks with an inserted insulating insert further comprises most types of insulation and eliminates the implementation of an in-situ insulation, wherein the insulating inserts and insulating layers of the individual blocks are only connected on the construction site with a simple glued joint that eliminates leaks. The insulating inserts and insulating layers thus form a continuous insulating system for the entire building. The insulating insert and insulating layer can be adapted to the selected type of masonry, e.g. for underground structures, white tanks, etc. In the case of an in-situ mounting only the insertion of a reinforcement and concrete grout is addressed, and the assembly of the set is thus less demanding on wet technology and quality of the implementation (worker skill). A number of types of concrete or other binder mixtures and their strength classes can be used to monolith the structure assembled from this set of modular building elements.
The set of modular building elements preferably further comprises a supplementary building block, wherein the length of the supplementary building block is n times smaller than the length of the hollow building block in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the masonry, where n is a natural number greater than 1, wherein the supplementary building block comprises at least two connecting elements. The supplementary building blocks include e.g. half building block.
The set of modular building elements preferably further comprises partition blocks, wherein at least one partition block is attachable to an anchoring element of the building block. These are e.g. a regular partition blocks and possibly also supplementary partition blocks, i.e. a half partition block or a unit partition block. The partition blocks can be preferably connected at the place of the anchoring element, where the anchoring element performs multiple functions, that is to wire the installations and at the same time to attach the internal partition. Other methods can also be utilized to connect the partition blocks to the support wall, e.g. metal angle brackets or other profiles, connecting anchors, etc.
A summary of the invention is further clarified using examples of embodiments thereof, which are described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
The invention will be further clarified using examples of the embodiments with reference to the respective drawings. One example of the embodiment is a building block 1 and a set of modular building elements intended for the construction of foundational and wall structures that comprises the building block 1 and its modifications for foundational, underground, and above-ground vertical support structures. The building block 1 and other modular building elements of the set are made of a granulate of a thermoplastic polymer (by casting, injecting, injection moulding).
The building block 1 is primarily intended for vertical circumferential support structures and in the first exemplary embodiment in
The building block 1 comprises one inner wall 4 oriented perpendicular to the longitudinal axis 20 of the building block that extends along the entire width of the cavity 3, wherein the thickness of the inner wall 4 is the same as the thickness of the outer walls 2. The cavity 3 of the building block is divided by this inner wall 4 into two parts 6 of unequal size of the cavity, wherein the first (smaller) part 6 of the cavity is adapted for the insertion of the insulating insert 7. The part of the side outer walls 2 surrounding this part 6 of the cavity for the insertion of the insulating insert 7 has a smooth surface and does not comprise the grooves 14. At least two connecting elements 5 arranged symmetrically according to the vertical axis of the wall are attached to the facing outer walls 2 and to the inner wall 4 parallel thereto, along the length of the wall on the lower side of the building block 1, wherein the first connecting element 5 is intended for the insertion into the cavity 3 of a different one of two neighbouring building blocks 1 of a previous row of masonry than the second connecting element 5, wherein both the first and second connecting elements 5 are attached to the same wall.
Each connecting element 5 is attached to a wall of the building block 1 and offset from that wall in a direction towards the inside of the cavity 3 of the building block, wherein the connecting elements 5 attached to the inner wall 4 are offset from that wall in an inward direction of the part 6 of the cavity intended for insertion of the insulating insert 7. Each connecting element 5 comprises a wall 8 of the connecting element passing along a respective wall of the building block 1, where the wall 8 of the connecting element comprises a free end 9 and side edges 10, wherein the side edges 10 approach each other from the place of attachment to the wall towards the free end 9. In the first exemplary the embodiment of the wall 8 of the connecting element in the direction of the side view of the building block 1, that is in the direction of the longitudinal axis 20 of the building block, has two variants. To the facing outer wall 2 and the inner wall 4 parallel thereto, which define the part 6 of the cavity for the insertion of the insulating insert 7, there are attached a total of two connecting elements 5 which have the shape of an inverted isosceles trapezoid, where the free end 9 corresponds to the smaller of the bases of this trapezoid and the side edges 10 are formed by the legs of the trapezoid. Shaping and width of the wall 8 of the connecting element is compatible with shaping of the outer wall 2, that is, the projecting ribs 23 of the respective grooves 14 on the outer wall 2, wherein the wall 8 of the connecting element is inserted between these projecting ribs 23 when the building block 1 is being laid on the previous row of blocks. To the facing outer wall 2 adjacent to another (larger) part 6 of the cavity (not to the part 6 of the cavity for the insertion of the insulating insert 7), four connecting elements 5 are attached, wherein the wall 8 of the connecting elements has the shape of a right-angled triangle in the same direction of view, one leg of which is oriented vertically. On this wall, the connecting elements 2 with narrowing side edges 10 are only attached to the wall at the place of the wall between the grooves 14 and the ribs 23 of the building block, which is clearly visible from the bottom view of the building block 1 in
The first (smaller) part 6 of the cavity is adapted for the insertion of the insulating insert 7, and the second (larger) part 6 of the cavity comprises a further inner wall 4 oriented parallel to the facing outer walls 2 of the building block, wherein this inner wall 2 serves to ensure the spatial stiffness to the building block 1. The insulating insert 7 comprises a projecting part 11 projecting from the respective part 6 of the cavity, and this projecting part 11 follows the shape of the walls 8 of the connecting elements in the direction of the front view of the building block 1, that is in the direction of the longitudinal axis 20 of the building block, wherein this front view is oriented towards the facing outer wall 2 of the building block to which the insulating insert 7 is adjacent. The part 6 of the cavity for the insertion of the insulating insert 7 has, in this exemplary embodiment, a solid bottom 16, wherein the connecting elements 5 on both sides of this part 6 of the cavity are connected by this bottom 16. On the opposite side of the insulating insert 7 from the projecting part 11, that is on the upper side of the building block 1, the insulating insert 7 comprises a recess 12, wherein the recess 12 of the insulating insert is complementary to the shape of the connecting elements 5, the projecting part 12 of the insulating insert, and the bottom 16 of this part 6 of the cavity. Both the projecting part 11 and the recess 12 of the insulating insert have the approximate shape of two mutually adjacent prisms with a trapezoidal base. The shape of the insulating insert 7 can be clearly seen in
In the first exemplary embodiment, the insulating insert 7 is inserted into the part 6 of the cavity of the building block already at the stage of production and the building block 1 can be delivered to the construction site as a complete product with an insulating function. The insulating insert 7 comprises a complete insulation system, in particular thermal insulation with acoustic insulation and radon insulation function. After inserting the insulating insert 7, the building block 1 is provided with an insulating layer 19, which is displayed in
In the following part, the anchoring elements 13 that can be placed in the grooves 14 on the outer walls 2 of the building block will be described in more detail. The outer walls 2 of the building block comprise a number of vertical grooves 14, which are adapted for removably fixing one or more anchoring elements 13. The grooves 14 are arranged along the length of the building block 1 with regular spacings, wherein the distance of these spacings is equal to the modular dimension of this building block 1 and of the entire modular building system from which the dimensions of the other elements of the system are derived. In the first exemplary embodiment, the anchoring element 13 has the shape of an eye with slots in both the horizontal and vertical direction, as displayed in
The set of modular building elements comprises the building blocks 1 of this invention and furthermore a number of elements which are modifications of this building block 1. The building elements can be divided into three groups according to the height level in the vertical support structure. These are building elements intended for foundational structures, underground structures, and above-ground structures, wherein the first row of masonry of each level comprises foundation building blocks 15 with the solid bottom 16, the next rows comprise regular (hollow) building blocks 1 or modifications thereof (e.g. without the insulating insert 7), and the last row of each level ends with bond beam blocks 28. All of these elements are also implemented in the versions of a half building block 27 and a corner building block 26, wherein the underground and above-ground vertical structures may also comprise lintel blocks 30 and partition blocks. All these building elements are adapted for the insertion of a concrete reinforcement (steel or of alternative materials) and grouting with fresh concrete, which ensures the cohesion and stiffness of the entire system.
The closest modification of the building block 1 of this invention is the half building block 27 and the corner building block 26, which are displayed in
The set further comprises foundation building blocks 15 intended for the first foundation row of masonry (first row of masonry of the foundational structure, first row of the floor of the basement space, and first row of masonry of each above-ground floor, which are connected to the ceiling structure of the previous floor). These elements (regular, half, and corner) are displayed in
The bond beam blocks 28, which serve to terminate the respective level of the structure and to connect to the foundational slab or ceiling structure, are structurally identical to the regular building blocks 1, wherein their upper edge comprises on one facing outer wall 2 (meaning towards the interior of the building) and partially on the side outer walls 2 a lowered margin 29, which serves to insert a horizontal reinforcement and to grout the foundational or ceiling slab. Regular, half, and corner bond beam blocks 28 are displayed in
For bridging the building openings, a standard lintel block 30 with the solid bottom 16 is used, which is displayed in
The other structural elements of the set are also the regular partition blocks 18, half partition blocks 31, and unit partition blocks 32, which are displayed in
In the following part, the procedure for constructing a building utilizing the building blocks 1 and the set of modular building elements of this invention, which are displayed in the model building structure in
The first row of masonry of basement foundation building blocks 15 is subsequently laid on the foundational slab, which is displayed in
Shaping of the grooves 14 allows the insertion of the anchoring elements 13 already during the construction of the masonry or at any time later, wherein the anchoring elements 13 are removable. The anchoring elements 13 are preferably placed at the places of the intended wiring of electrical wiring, water piping, etc., wherein these installations are wired through the eyes of the anchoring elements 13 and do not require cutting or drilling of openings and subsequent incorporating. An example of the placement of the anchoring elements 13 on a partition for the horizontal and vertical wiring of installations is displayed in
In this part, alternative embodiments of the building block 1 and the set of modular building elements of the first exemplary embodiment of this invention will be described. The implementation of the connecting elements 5 comprises many variants in the number of the connecting elements 5 and their arrangement relative to the walls of the building block 1. The connecting elements 5 may be arranged symmetrically relative to the longitudinal axis 20 of the building block, e.g. only closer to the longitudinal axis 20 of the building block or only closer to the margins of the building block 1. Alternatively, the connecting elements 5 may be placed also asymmetrically, where the connecting elements 5 attached to the first facing outer wall 2 fit into the cavity 3 of one neighbouring building block 1 in the previous row, and where the connecting elements 5 attached to the second facing outer wall 2 fit into the cavity 3 of a different neighbouring building block 1 in the previous row than the connecting elements 5 attached to the first facing outer wall 2. The projecting part 11 and the recess 12 of the insulating insert are also shaped analogously to the shape and placement of the connecting elements 5. The shape of the wall 8 of the connecting element may be an isosceles triangle in addition to a trapezoid, wherein the side edges 10 may be both straight and rounded. For all shapes of the connecting elements 5, it is preferable in particular to bevel the side edge 10 of the connecting element that is placed closest to the longitudinal axis 20 of the building block and also to the margin of the facing outer wall 2 (that is closest to the neighbouring building block 1 in the same row of masonry) in order to maintain the character of the peak joint 22.
An alternative embodiment of the building block 1 may comprise only the grooves 14 on the outer wall 2 without the respective ribs 23 projecting from the wall towards the inside of the cavity 3, wherein the walls surrounding the cavity 3 of the building block are completely smooth. This embodiment may be preferable in terms of simpler shaping of the insulating insert 7, but on the contrary may negatively affect the stiffness of the building block 1, possibly increasing the material consumption if the reduction in stiffness is compensated by the thickness of the walls of the building block 1.
In an alternative embodiment of the building block 1, the part 6 of the cavity adapted for the insertion of the insulating insert 7 is open on both the upper and lower sides and does not comprise the solid bottom 16. In this embodiment, the projecting part 11 of the insulating insert is less protected from damage wherein the insulating layer 19 is in contact with both the projecting part 11 and the recess 12 of the insulating insert over the entire surface of these parts.
In the following part, the building block 1 and other elements of the set of modular building elements of the second exemplary embodiment, which are displayed in
The half building block 27 of the second exemplary embodiment of
The corner building block 26 of the second exemplary embodiment of
An advantage of the curvature of the side outer walls 2 of the blocks of the second exemplary embodiment is that, after assembly into the composition of the masonry, a separate space is created between these side walls (outside the cavities 3 of the building blocks) with gaps 33 between the blocks, which are also filled with concrete grout, thus eliminating vertical interstices in the masonry to a large extent. The vertical interstices in the masonry are normally formed by the side outer walls 2 of two neighbouring building blocks that are closely adjacent to each other, wherein in this embodiment the vertical interstices are only maintained in a short section of the side outer walls 2 further away from the insulating insert 7. There is no vertical interstice in the section of the part 6 of the cavity adjacent to the inner wall 4 protecting the insulating insert 7.
The implementation of the foundation building blocks 15 of the second exemplary embodiment, including the half and the corner blocks, are displayed in
The bond beam building elements of the second exemplary embodiment (
An example of the composition of the masonry comprising the set of modular building elements of the second exemplary embodiment is displayed in
The above described building block and the set of modular building elements can be modified and utilized for other types of special vertical structures.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PV 2023-26 | Jan 2023 | CZ | national |
