Patent Application
20230077703
The present invention relates to a building frame including a gable end wall of a wooden building (or a part thereof) that has a gable roof as at least a part of the roof.
Generally in small and medium-sized two-story buildings, every room has the same floor height and ceiling height (i.e. story height) for each story due to its structure. However, in the case where a house or the like is constructed in urban areas, it has sometimes a skip floor whose floor surface is shifted by a half story so as to ensure the living space and the storage space as large as possible while the site area is not so large. When the skip floor is adopted, it is possible to effectively use the limited indoor space by arranging spatially a living room and an underfloor storage space having a half story height.
A loft, which is provided using an attic space under the sloping roof, is also well known. The loft has a small ceiling height and is used as a storage room or a hobby room. The above technical ideas are disclosed, for example, in Patent Documents 1 to 3 below.
[Patent Document 1] JP H07-054402 A
[Patent Document 2] JP H07-062900 A
[Patent Document 3] JP 2002-364189 A
When constructing a building, the area and the height of the building that can be constructed in a site of a district are defined by the Building Standards Act depending on use districts designated by the City Planning Act. Especially in the category 1 or 2 low-rise exclusive residential districts among the above use districts, the height and the setback of the building are strictly restricted in order to maintain a good living environment. As a result, construction freedom is highly limited regarding the layout of the building and/or the shape of the roof.
Under the above-described site conditions, it is difficult to ensure a sufficient ceiling height of each story when the skip floor disclosed in the above patent documents is desired to be adopted. Thus, it is difficult to obtain indoor comfort. Also, even when a loft is provided in the attic space, the use of this loft may be limited due to a cramped space having a low ceiling.
Furthermore, in order to make the heights of respective parts of the building meet the setback regulation, a part of the roof may have an unnatural shape that affects the balance of the appearance, which may prevent harmonization with the townscape.
The present invention was made in consideration of the above circumstances, an object of which is to provide a building frame of a building such as a house that is constructed in a site under a strict regulation for the height and setback of the buildings, in particular, a building frame of a wooden building having a wooden frame structure or its equivalent. With this building frame, a living space gives a feeling of spaciousness and openness while the building has a height-reduced and compact appearance.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a building frame having a pentagon shape in front view, which includes a gable end wall on at last one side of a gable roof that is included, as at least a part of a roof, in a wooden building. The building frame includes: a floor plane provided on a floor right below the gable roof so as to have a rectangle shape in plan view; corner posts respectively erected on four corners of the floor plane; a pair of pole plates facing each other to connect respectively upper ends of the corner posts in a ridge direction; a plurality of sloping beams placed from each of the pair of pole plates to a ridge of the gable roof at appropriate intervals in a manner of making a vertex of a triangle; a ridge pole connecting upper ends of the sloping beams; a ridge supporting post erected on the floor plane, on a position that is right below the ridge and that includes the gable end wall on the at last one side of the gable roof, so as to support the ridge pole on the floor plane; and gable end side sub-pillars erected on the floor plane, on both left and right sides of the ridge supporting post of the gable end wall at appropriate intervals so as to support a pair of sloping beams that is on the gable end wall out of the plurality of sloping beams. A window with an opening area from the floor plane to a gable height of the gable end wall is provided between the ridge supporting post of the gable end wall and each of the gable end side sub-pillars. The ridge supporting post bears vertical load that acts on the gable roof so as to form, on the floor plane, a beamless space where no lower chord member of a roof truss constituting the gable roof extends.
With the above-described configuration, a tall window that extends from the vicinity of the floor surface of the floor right below the gable roof to the vicinity of the ridge can be provided in the center of the gable end wall on the at last one side of the gable roof. This window has a vertical continuity without the middle part thereof in the height direction being divided by the roof beam or other structural materials. By providing such a window in the gable end wall, a remarkably bright space with open feeling is realized inside the gable end wall.
Since the above-described configuration in which the ridge pole is directly supported by the ridge supporting post on the floor plane is adopted, it is possible to omit partly the roof beam and/or the flat beam as the lower chord member of the roof truss. By making a ceiling of the floor right below the gable roof as a sloping ceiling along the slope of the gable roof using this configuration, it is possible to ensure the substantial ceiling height while reducing the ridge height, which leads to a comfortable indoor space that gives a feeling of spaciousness in the vertical direction.
Also in the above-described building frame, a reinforcing surface plate may be provided, in a tense state, on each part sandwiched between one of the corner posts of the gable end wall and the corresponding one of the gable end side sub-pillars. Since the reinforcing surface plate provided in the tense state structurally serves as a load-bearing wall, the rigidity of the gable end wall in the above-described building frame is improved.
Furthermore, in the above-described building frame, the floor plane of the floor right below the gable roof may be supported by a floor beam of the floor right below the gable roof, which is provided to surround four sides of the floor plane. Also, a floor plane of a lower floor may be provided lower than the floor plane of the floor right below the gable roof so as to be shifted by a substantially half story height or less, and the floor plane of the lower floor may be supported by a floor beam of the lower floor.
With this configuration, the building frame is supported by the double floor structure of the floor plane right below the gable roof and the floor plane of the lower floor shifted by a substantially half story height or less (1.0-1.5 meters as a standard height). The floor plane of the floor right below the gable roof and the floor plane of the lower floor are structurally integrated by connecting the respective floor beams each surrounding the four sides of the corresponding floor plane via short posts and surface plates. By adopting such a double floor structure, it is possible to stably support the building frame having a pentagon shape in front view, from which is omitted the lower chord member of the roof truss, while reducing the cross-sectional size of the members such as the floor beams each surrounding the four sides of the corresponding floor plane. Also, by providing a skip floor and/or an underfloor storage space using such a double floor structure, it is possible to effectively use the indoor space of the building.
In the building frame using the double floor structure, it is possible to provide a window in the gable end wall between the floor plane of the floor right below the gable roof and the floor plane of the lower floor. This window has the same width as that of the above-described window extending from the floor right below the gable roof to the vicinity of the ridge.
Furthermore, in the above-described building frame, a reinforcing surface plate may be put between one of the pair of sloping beams on the gable end wall and an adjacent sloping beam thereto so that the reinforcing surface plate is attached to both the sloping beams. Thus, the horizontal rigidity of the whole of the above-described building frame is reinforced by the roof surface on which the reinforcing surface plate is provided in the tense state, which serves as a component having a horizontal load-carrying capacity of the roof truss. Also, it is possible to omit angle braces and the like that are to be provided at the corners of the bottom surface of the normal roof truss frame (for example, joined portions of the roof beams and the pole plates).
In the building frame of the present invention, a ridge pole is directly supported by a ridge supporting post that is erected on a floor plane of a floor right below a gable roof. Thus, a beamless space is formed, where no lower chord member such as a roof beam extends above the floor right below the gable roof. Also, a space configuration including a tall window is provided. This window extending toward the vicinity of the ridge is provided between the ridge supporting post of a gable end wall and each of the gable end side sub-pillars erected on both sides of the ridge supporting post. Thus, a bright indoor space is provided, which gives a feeling of openness and spaciousness in the vertical direction in spite of a compact appearance of a building of which the ridge height is reduced.
By adopting the above-described building frame, it is possible to provide excellent habitability while maintaining the well-balanced appearance of the building without unnaturally distorting the shapes of the roof and wall surfaces even on the site under a strict regulation for the height and setback of the buildings.
Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
A house 1 exemplarily shown is assumed to be constructed on a substantially flat site having the site area of about 140 to 200 square meters located in the category 1 or 2 low-rise exclusive residential districts in urban areas or suburban areas. In
The house 1 is constructed by, for example, a wooden frame method so as to have a height equal to or less than the standard two-story building height.
The house 1 has a gable roof 12 that slopes away from one ridge 11 toward both sides. The slope of the gable roof 12 is, for example, so-called “6-sun slope” in Japanese, which means that the rise over run of the slope is 6/10. A part of the roof on one side (on the right side in
As shown in
Floor surfaces of the first floor (1F) have substantially the same level (provided at about 0.5 meter height from the ground level of the site). The first floor includes: an entrance hall 101; a living room 102; a dining room 103; a kitchen 104; a Japanese-style room 105; a bath 106; a utility room 107; a toilet 108; and a cabinet 109. The living room 102 is located facing the gable end wall 13 on the side of the frontal road R. The living room 102 is formed so as to be spatially integrated with the dining room 103 and the kitchen 104. Stairs 110 that lead to the second floor (2F) are disposed between the Japanese-style room 105 and the toilet 108.
The floor surface of the second floor is located so as to overlap with a part of an upper area of the first floor. The floor surface of the second floor is positioned about 3.0 meters higher than the floor surface of the first floor. The ceiling height of the first floor right below the second floor is about 2.5 meters. The second floor includes: a stair hall 201; a Western-style room 202 to be used as a master bed room; a walk-in closet 203; a study corner 204; and a toilet 205. The upper part of the living room 102 of the first floor is a void 206. Also, a second floor storage room 207 is provided above the entrance hall 101 of the first floor.
The second floor leads to a higher second floor (H2F) positioned higher than the second floor by about a half story via a short flight of stairs 208. The floor surface of the higher second floor, which corresponds to substantially the second and half floor, is provided so as to spread across the full width of the gable end wall 13 on the side of the frontal road R so as to cover the void 206 above the living room 102 and the second floor storage room 207. The floor surface of the higher second floor is positioned about 1.3 meters higher than the floor surface of the second floor. The ceiling height of the first floor right below the higher second floor is about 3.8 meters.
The ceiling height of the second floor storage room 207 provided where the floor surface of the higher second floor is overlapped with the floor surface of the second floor is about 1.0 meter. The storage room provided using the underfloor part of the skip floor as described above is not included in the floor area in principle if the storage room meets the following conditions: the ceiling height thereof is not more than 1.4 meters; and the horizontal projected area thereof is less than ½ of the corresponding floor area (second floor) and furthermore less than ½ of the respective floor areas of the right below story (first floor) and the right above story (higher second floor). (This principle might differ from community to community).
The higher second floor includes: a stair hall 301; a Western-style room 302; and cabinets 303 and 304. The Western-style room 302 is provided so as to spread across the full width of the gable end wall 13 including a right below part of the ridge 11. The Western-style room 302 is used, for example, as a children's room. The ceiling of the Western-style room 302 and the cabinets 303 and 304 is a sloping ceiling having a boat bottom shape along the slope of the gable roof 12 (so-called “Ogami-ceiling (having a shape of hands when they are put together for praying)” or “Yakata-ceiling (having a Japanese residence shape)” in Japanese), which is integrated with the attic space under the gable roof 12. The height of the ceiling is about 1.6 meters in the vicinity of the both end parts of the gable end wall 13, and is about 3.3 meters right below the ridge 11. The center part of the Western-style room 302 has the high ceiling height. Thus, when the Western-style room 302 is used as a children's room, it is possible to divide the Western-style room 302 by placing, for example, a bunk bed on the center part according to the growth of the children.
The higher second floor further leads to the attic space floor (LF) via a short flight of stairs 305 disposed substantially right below the ridge 11. The floor surface of the attic space floor is positioned about 1.5 meters higher than the floor surface of the higher second floor. The ceiling height of the second floor right below the attic space floor is about 2.5 meters. On the attic space floor, an attic storage space 401 is provided. The attic storage space 401, whose center part is right below the ridge 11, has a width of about 3.0 meters. The ceiling of the attic storage space 401 is also a sloping ceiling along the slope of the gable roof 12. The height of the ceiling is about 0.9 meter at both sides in the sloping direction of the roof, and is about 1.8 meters right below the ridge 11.
As to the heights of the respective parts of the building from the ground level in
The essential part of the present invention is a building frame to realize the above-described spaces. Hereinafter, a detail description is given on the building frame of the house 1 according to the embodiment.
When the roof truss frame having a triangle cross-section is placed on the wooden frame skeleton, a lower chord member 91 (also called as a “roof beam”, a “flat beam” or a “tie beam”) is generally laid as the base of the triangle so as to prevent both ends of the triangle from opening, as schematically shown in
Taking into account the above problem, a configuration is adopted in the present invention, in which the ridge pole 94 is directly supported by a ridge supporting post 97 that is erected on a floor plane 96 of the floor right below the gable roof as shown in
In the house 1 according to this embodiment shown in
Also, both ends of the ridge pole 34 are directly supported by ridge supporting posts 17 that are erected, respectively: on the middle part of the side of the gable end wall 13 on the floor plane 33 of the higher second floor; and on the middle part of the opposite side, which is about 3 meters away from the middle part of the side of the gable end wall 13 along the ridge 11. In this example, the lower ends of the ridge supporting posts 17 are erected on a floor beam 24 that surrounds the floor plane 33 of the higher second floor such that the floor beam 24 is a continued beam. On the other hand, the upper ends of the ridge supporting posts 17 are connected to the ridge pole 34 such that the ridge supporting posts 17 are continued posts. However, the lower ends of the ridge supporting posts 17 may be connected to the floor beam 24 such that the ridge supporting posts 17 are continued posts. Also, the upper ends of the ridge supporting posts 17 may be connected to the ridge pole 34 such that the ridge pole 34 is a continued pole (continued girder).
In this example, the length of the ridge supporting post 17 is 3.3 to 3.4 meters, and the cross-sectional shape thereof is a substantially square shape. When the length of the ridge supporting post 17 further increases, it is possible to improve wind resisting performance by making the cross-sectional shape of the ridge supporting post 17 a rectangle elongated in the direction of the ridge 11. When the length of the floor plane 33 of the higher second floor in the direction of the ridge 11 exceeds 5 meters as a reference value, it is preferable that an additional ridge supporting post (not shown) is erected on the center part of the floor plane 33 so as to support the middle part of the ridge pole 34.
Gable end side sub-pillars 19 are erected on both (left and right) sides of the ridge supporting post 17 of the gable end wall 13, respectively at an appropriate interval (in this example, about 1 meter) from the ridge supporting post 17. Similarly to the ridge supporting post 17 of the gable end wall 13, the lower ends of the gable end side sub-pillars 19 are erected on the floor beam 24 surrounding the floor plane 33 of the higher second floor such that the floor beam 24 is a continued beam.
On the other hand, the upper ends of the gable end side sub-pillars 19 are connected to the sloping beam 21 on the gable end wall 13 such that the gable end side sub-pillars 19 are continued pillars. However, the lower ends of the gable end side sub-pillars 19 may be connected to the floor beam 24 such that the gable end side sub-pillars 19 are continued pillars. Also, the upper ends of the gable end side sub-pillars 19 may be connected to the sloping beam 21 such that the sloping beam 21 is a continued beam.
Furthermore, a vertically long window 51 that reaches the gable height of the gable end wall 13 from the floor plane 33 of the higher second floor is provided between the ridge supporting post 17 of the gable end wall 13 and the respective gable end side sub-pillars 19. Here, the “gable height” means at least a position higher than the line horizontally connecting the pole plates 15 (i.e. the base of the triangle of the roof truss; see
To the parts of the gable end wall 13 other than the window 51 (more specifically, to the wall surfaces with about 2 meter width, each of which is sandwiched between the gable end side sub-pillar 19 and the corner post 23 erected on one of both corners of the gable end wall 13), appropriate short beams 22 are attached, and also reinforcing surface plates such as structural plywood are provided in a tense state. Thus, the window 51 is sandwiched between load-bearing walls 35 formed on the left and right side thereof. Therefore, the in-plane rigidity of the gable end wall 13 is improved, and accordingly the building frame including the gable roof 12, which has a pentagon shape in front view, is further reinforced.
Furthermore, in the exemplarily shown house 1, the floor plane 33 of the higher second floor (H2F) that supports the ridge supporting posts 17 and the gable end side sub-pillars 19 is provided so as to superimpose on a floor plane 32 of the second floor (2F) that is a lower floor shifted by a substantially half story. The floor beam 24 surrounding the floor plane 33 of the higher second floor is integrally connected to a floor beam 25 surrounding the floor plane 32 of the second floor via short posts 18 and reinforcing surface plates (not shown). In this way, a load-bearing wall 36 is formed between the higher second floor and the second floor. By adopting the double floor structure in which the floor beams 24 and 25 supporting the floor planes of the respective stories are vertically superimposed on each other, it is possible to further improve stability of the building frame having a pentagon shape in front view while reducing the cross-sectional size of the members such as the floor beams 24 and 25. The hatched parts in
In the building frame having the gable end wall 13 whose rigidity is reinforced as described above, it is possible to extend the window 51 of the gable end wall 13 downward to the vicinity of the floor surface of the second floor. That is, when the load-bearing wall 36 provided between the floor plane 33 of the higher second floor and the floor plane 32 of the second floor is arranged so as to have the same width as the part above the higher second floor, it is possible to provide also a window 52 between the higher second floor and the second floor. The window 52 has a smaller height than, and the same width as, the window 51. With the window 52, the living room 102 of the first floor further gives a feeling of openness. Although the window 52 is structurally separated from the window 51 above the higher second floor by the floor beam 24 supporting the floor plane 33 of the higher second floor, the outer appearance can give the impression as if the window continues in the vertical direction with the same width.
In the building frame of the present invention in which the gable roof 12 is supported by the ridge supporting posts 17 and the load-bearing walls 35 provided on both side parts of the gable end wall 13, it is possible to provide the tall window 51 in the middle of the gable end wall 13 having the width approximately not more than 6 meters such that the width of the window 51 is about ½ or less of the width of the gable end wall 13 and that no lower chord member of roof truss passes across the window 51.
Furthermore, in the building frame shown in
The reinforcing surface plate 37 is made of structural plywood or the like. The reinforcing surface plate 37 is put between the facing sloping beams 21 so that two long sides thereof are engaged with respective receiving materials 38 that are attached on the sides of the facing sloping beams 21. Further in some cases, the short sides of the reinforcing surface plate 37 may be engaged with appropriate receiving materials that are attached on the ridge pole 34 and/or the pole plate
Thus, the horizontal rigidity of the whole frame is reinforced by the horizontal component of the reinforcing surface plate 37 fixed on the roof surface in the inclined state. As a result, in this building frame, reinforcing members such as angle braces can be omitted, which are generally attached to the corners of the bottom surface of the roof truss (in this example, joined portions of the short beams 22 and the pole plates 15). In this way, the beamless space formed above the higher second floor can be further a neat space.
The present invention is applied to a building frame of a part that is right below the ridge of a gable roof and that includes at least a gable end wall on one side in a building having a gable roof as at least a part of its roof. Thus, the present invention does not particularly limit the building frame other than the part to which the present invention is applied. The story corresponding to the “floor right below” the gable roof may substantially be the first floor, or may be the third floor or above. Also, the present invention may be applied not only to the building frame including a gable end wall that is bilaterally symmetrical with respect to the ridge, but also to the building frame including a gable end wall having a slightly asymmetrical shape. Furthermore, the present invention may be applied not only to the building frame having a wooden frame structure, but also to various similar wooden building frames such as a panel structure, a framing so-called “two-by-four system” and their composite structures. The specific shape or joining of respective components may also be modified without departing from the gist or essential characteristics of the present invention. Also, the use and the layout of respective parts of the building are not limited to those in the particular examples as described above.
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2020/021589 | 6/1/2020 | WO |
