Patent Grant
11199323
The present invention relates to a burner, in particular, a burner which heats and melts an object to be heated by heat radiant of flame.
This application is the U.S. national phase of International Application No. PCT/JP2017/018788 filed 19 May 2017 which designated the U.S. and claims priority to Japanese Patent Application No. 2016-181092, filed Sep. 16, 2016, the entire contents of each of which are incorporated herein by reference.
In general, an industrial high-temperature heating process such as a heating furnace for steel and a melting furnace for glass has a structure in which an object to be heated such as billet or molten glass is placed in a lower part of the furnace, a flame is created in an upper part, and the object to be heated is heated or molten by heat radiation from the flame.
Accordingly, the flame of a burner is required to have strong heat radiation and uniformly heat the object to be heated.
As a method of making a flame having strong heat radiation, Patent Documents 1 and 2 disclose a technique of using a self-oscillating phenomenon of jet flow to oscillate (periodically increasing or decreasing the flow rate) a gas ejected from a fluid ejection port, and a flame is widely supplied to increase the heat radiation and uniformly heat.
According to the method disclosed in Patent Document 1, it is possible to heat a wider area than that of the normal burner by swinging the flame in the right and left using the self-oscillating phenomenon.
In addition, according to the method described in Patent Document 2, it is possible to heat further wider area than that of the method disclosed in Patent Document 1 by further providing second gas jet flows around a fluid ejection port causing self-oscillating.
Patent Document 1 Japanese Unexamined Patent Application, First Publication No. 2005-113200
Patent Document 2 Japanese Unexamined Patent Application, First Publication No. 2013-079753
However, according to the method described in Patent Document 2, there is no regulation on the relationship between the direction of the fluid ejection port causing the self-oscillating and the direction of the ejection port of the second gas jet flow, and when the swing width of the flame self-oscillating becomes large, the combustion becomes slow and the flame temperature becomes low, so there was a problem that the heal radiation becomes weak.
The present invention has been made to solve the above problems, and it is an object of the present invention to provide a burner which can uniformly heat a wide area without decreasing the heat radiation even when the swing width of the flame self-oscillating is large.
(1) A burner in which a main combustion fluid and a second combustion fluid are combusted by ejecting the main combustion fluid while self-oscillating from a central expanding ejection port which expands towards a tip end and ejecting the second combustion fluid from a pair of side ejection ports provided on both sides of the central expanding ejection port,
wherein a pair of the side ejection ports are disposed symmetrically with respect to a central axis of the central expanding ejection port, and
the central expanding ejection port and the side ejection ports are provided such that an expanding angle α of the central expanding ejection port and an angle β formed by the central axes of a pair of the side ejection ports satisfy a relationship of −5°≤β≤α+15°.
(2) A burner in which a main combustion fluid and a second combustion fluid are combusted by ejecting the main combustion fluid while self-oscillating from a central expanding ejection port which expands towards a tip end and ejecting the second combustion fluid while self-oscillating from a pair of side ejection ports provided on both sides of the central expanding ejection port,
wherein a pair of the side ejection ports are disposed symmetrically with respect to a central axis of the central expanding ejection port, and
the central expanding ejection port and the side ejection ports are provided such that an expanding angle α of the central expanding ejection port and an angle βin formed by inner side walls of the pair of side expanding ejection ports satisfy a relationship of −5°≤βin, and an angle βout formed by outer side walls of the pair of side expanding ejection ports and the expanding angle α satisfy a relationship of βout≤α+15°.
A burner according to the present invention is a burner in which a main combustion fluid and a second combustion fluid are combusted by ejecting the main combustion fluid while self-oscillating from a central expanding ejection port which expands towards a tip end and ejecting the second combustion fluid from a pair of side ejection ports provided on both sides of the central expanding ejection port, wherein a pair of the side ejection ports are disposed symmetrically with respect to a central axis of the central expanding ejection port, and the central expanding ejection port and the side ejection ports are provided such that an expanding angle α of the central expanding ejection port and an angle β formed by the central axes of a pair of the side ejection ports satisfy a relationship of −5°≤β≤α+15°. Accordingly, even when the swing width of the flame self-oscillating is large, it is possible to mix the main combustion fluid and the second combustion fluid well, increase the combustion efficiency, and increase the heat radiation while forming a flame in a wide area.
After describing combustion fluids in the present invention, the configuration of a burner in each embodiment will be described in detail with reference to
<Combustion Fluid>
In the present invention, the combustion fluid is a fuel fluid, a combustion-assisting fluid, or a mixed fluid of a fuel fluid and a combustion-assisting fluid. As a combination of a main combustion fluid and a second combustion fluid, both a combustion-assisting fluid are excluded, and either the main combustion fluid or the second combustion fluid is the fuel fluid or the mixed fluid.
As shown in
<Central Expanding Ejection Port>
The central expanding ejection port 3 ejects the main combustion fluid, is provided at the tip end of the main combustion fluid supply passage 9 for supplying the main combustion fluid, and has a rectangular cross section which is orthogonal to a flow direction of the main combustion fluid as shown in
A rectangular cylindrical straight body portion 13 is provided in the main combustion fluid supply flow passage 9 on the upstream side of the duct opening portion 11 and a central expanding ejection port 3 is provided in the main combustion fluid supply flow passage 9 on the downstream side of the duct opening portion 11.
As explained above, the cross section of the central expanding ejection port 3, which is orthogonal to the flow direction of the main combustion fluid, has a rectangular shape. More specifically, the shape of the central expanding ejection port 3 in the plane cross section of the burner 1 is a fan shape expanded toward the tip end, and can be expressed by an expanding angle α formed by the expanding walls 3a and 3b, which are the side walls of the main combustion fluid supply passage 9 on the downstream side of the duct opening portion 11. In other words, the shape of the central expanding ejection port 3 in the flat cross-sectional view of the burner 1 is a fan shape, and the expanding angle formed by one expanding wall 3a the other expanding wall 3b which are the two radii of the fan shape is α°.
The duct opening portions 11 and 11 communicate with each other through a communication duct 15 provided on the rear side of the burner 1. In this manner, it is possible to generate self-oscillating, so-called flip-flop nozzle jet flow in the main combustion fluid ejected from the central expanding ejection port 3 as shown in
That is, the main combustion fluid flowing into the straight body portion 13 flows out along one expanding wall 3a (see
The oscillation amplitude (swing width of the main combustion fluid ejected) and oscillation frequency (cycles per minute) of the self-oscillating can be adjusted by controlling various conditions, such as the dimensions of the central expanding ejection port 3, the duct opening portion 11, the straight body portion 13 and the communication duct 15, and flow rate of the main combustion fluid etc.
In addition, since the oscillation frequency of the self-oscillating fluctuates depending on the communication state of the duct opening portion 11, it is also possible to adjust by providing a control valve in the communication duct 15 and adjusting the gas flow rate and pressure.
<Side Ejection Ports>
As shown in
Then, when the expanding angle of the central expanding ejection port 3 is α, and an angle formed by the central axis Ca of the side ejection port 5 and the central axis Cb of the side ejection port 7 is β, α and β are set so as to satisfy −5°≤β≤α+15°. The angle β is set to be positive in the counterclockwise direction (the direction indicated by the arrow in
The behavior of the flame self-oscillating by the burner 1 according to this embodiment will be described with reference to
In the present embodiment, a fuel fluid is supplied as the main combustion fluid and a combustion-assisting fluid is supplied as the second combustion fluid. The fuel fluid ejected from the straight body portion 13 of the supply flow passage 9 self-oscillates (swings in the right and left) by flowing alternately along the expanding walls 3a and 3b on both sides of the central expanding ejection port 3 when ejecting to the central expanding ejection port 3.
Then, when the fuel fluid is ejected along the expanding wall 3b, the fuel fluid is mixed with the combustion-assisting fluid ejected from the side ejection port 7 located on the left side of the central expanding ejection port 3, and a flame is formed on the left side of the central expanding ejection port 3 (
In the burner 1 of the present embodiment, as described above, the expanding angle α of the central expanding ejection port 3 and the angle β formed by the central axes Ca and Cb satisfy −5°≤β≤α+15°, and the combustion-assisting fluid from the side ejection ports 5 and 7 is ejected in the direction of central axes Ca and Cb respectively.
By setting the shape and the positional relationship of the side ejection ports 5 and 7 and the central expanding ejection port 3 so as to satisfy β≤α+15°, even if the swing width increases by the self-oscillating of the flame, since the fuel fluid ejected from the expanding ejection port 3 can be mixed with the combustion-assisting fluid ejected from either the side ejection port 5 or 7 and combusted, it is possible to form the flame in a wide area while improving the combustion efficiency, and increase the heat radiation.
On the other hand, when the angle 1 is set to the lower limit or more (−5°≤β), the swing width of the fuel fluid self-oscillating ejected from the central expanding ejection port 3 is not limited by the second combustion fluid ejected from the side ejection ports 5 and 7. Accordingly, it is possible to maintain a wide area of heat radiation from the flame.
The upper limit value (˜+15°) and the lower limit value (−5°) of the angle β will be demonstrated in Examples to be described later.
Further, an offset distance L (see
The combustion efficiency of the burner 1 can be adjusted by changing the angle β and the offset distance L between the central expanding ejection port 3 and side ejection ports 5 (or 7).
As shown in
In addition, as shown in
The side ejection ports 5 and 7 and the second ejection ports 23 and 25 can be supplied with second combustion fluid separately. It is possible to supply the desired combustion fluid (fuel fluid, combustion-assisting fluid, and mixed fluid) by separately adjusting the flow amount.
At this time, the direction in which the second combustion fluid is ejected from the second ejection ports 23 and 25 (the angle formed by the central axes of the second ejection ports 23 and 25) is not particularly limited.
The effects of providing the second ejecting ports 23 and 25 will be described in an embodiment to be described later.
A burner 31 according to the second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to
The burner 31 shown in
Hereinafter, the burner 31 will be described in detail based on
<Side Expanding Ejection Ports>
The side expanding ejection ports 41 and 51 eject the second combustion fluid and are separately provided at the tip end of second combustion fluid supply passages 43 and 53 supplying the second combustion fluid as shown in
One side expanding ejection port 41 has an inner wall 41a near the central expanding ejection port 3 and an outer wall 41b far from the central expanding ejection port 3. The other side expanding ejecting port 51 has an inner wall 51a near the central expanding ejection port 3 and an outer wall 51b far from the central expanding ejection port 3.
Since the side expanding ejection port 41 and the side expanding ejection port 51 differ only in the direction of the central axes (the direction in which the second combustion fluid is ejected), the structures and functions of both are the same, and only the side expansion ejection opening 41 will be described except for the case where it is necessary.
A pair of duct opening portions 45 and 45 are provided at positions facing each other on the side wall 43a in the middle of the second combustion fluid supply passage 43.
A rectangular tubular straight body portion 47 is provided in the second combustion fluid supply passage 43 on the upstream side of the duct opening portions 45 and 45, and an expanding ejection port 41 is provided in the second combustion fluid supply passage 43 on the downstream side of the duct opening portions 45 and 45.
The duct opening portions 45 and 45 communicate with each other through a communication duct 49 provided on the rear side in the burner 31. In this manner, it is possible to generate self-oscillating in the second combustion fluid which is ejected from the side expanding ejection port 41 by providing a pair of the duct opening portions 45 and 45 communicating with each other through the communication duct 49 in the second combustion fluid supply passage 43.
As shown in
Similarly to the burner 1 according to the first embodiment, the angles βin and βout are measured with respect to the inner wall 41a or the outer wall 41b of the side expanding ejection port 41 in the counterclockwise direction as positive, and the clockwise direction as negative.
In other words, in
In the burner 1 according to the first embodiment described above, when the angle β between the ejection ports 5 and 7 provided on both sides of the central expanding ejection port 3 is −5° or more, it is possible to increase the swing width in self-oscillating of the main combustion fluid (fuel fluid) ejected from the central expanding ejection port 3.
On the other hand, in the burner 31 according to the second embodiment, when both the main combustion fluid (fuel fluid) which is ejected from the central expanding ejection port 3 and the second combustion fluid (combustion-assisting fluid) which is ejected from the side expanding ejection ports 41 and 51 self-oscillate without a phase difference, the angle βin formed by inner side walls 41a and 51a of the side expanding ejection ports 41 and 51 may be set to less than −5°.
When there is a phase difference in the self-oscillating of the main combustion fluid and the self-oscillating of the second combustion fluid, the jet flow of the main combustion fluid and the jet flow of the second combustion fluid intersect and the self-oscillating of the flame is restricted, and the heating surface area due to heat radiation from flame decreases.
Therefore, when the angle βin formed by the inner walls 41a and 51a of the side expanding ejection ports 41 and 51 is set to less than −5°, it is important to match the phases in the self-oscillating of the main combustion fluid and the second combustion fluid.
However, it is not always easy to match the phases in the self-oscillating of the main combustion fluid and the second combustion fluid, and there is a case in which while the phase difference occurs, the main combustion fluid and the second combustion fluid are ejected while self-oscillating.
Even when the main combustion fluid and the second combustion fluid are ejected while self-oscillating in a case of generating the phase difference, it is possible to form a flame self-oscillating without narrowly restricting the swing width of the main combustion fluid by the second combustion fluid similar to the burner 1 according to the first embodiment by setting the angle βin formed by the inner walls 41a and 51a of the side expanding ejection ports 41 and 51 to −5° or more.
As described above, according to the burner 31 according to the second embodiment, it is possible to effectively mix and combust the fuel fluid which is ejected while self-oscillating from the central expanding ejection port 3 and the combustion-assisting fluid which is ejected while self-oscillating from the side expanding ejection port 41 or 51. Accordingly, the flame can be formed in a wide area while improving the combustion efficiency and the heat radiation can be further enhanced.
Specific experiments were conducted to confirm the effects of the burner according to the present invention, and the results will be described below.
In Example 1, a flame self-oscillating was formed using the burner 1 shown in
In Example 1, LP gas was used as the main combustion fluid and an oxygen-enriched air containing 40% by volume of oxygen was used as the second combustion fluid. LP gas was supplied at 8 Nm3/h to the central expanding ejection port 3 through the main combustion fluid supply passage 9. The oxygen-enriched air was supplied at 105 Nm3/h to the side ejection ports 5 and 7 through the second combustion fluid supply passages 17 and 19. LP gas was burned at an oxygen ratio of 1.05.
Here, the oxygen ratio is a value which indicates how many times oxygen with respect to the stoichiometric ratio has been supplied to a certain amount of fuel. For example, the oxygen ratio of 1.05 indicates a state in which oxygen is supplied slightly excess (1.05 times) than the theoretical amount of oxygen to completely combust the fuel.
In the experiments, a heat transfer measurement board (not shown) was installed at a position 600 mm from the tip end of the burner 1, the expanding angle α was fixed at 60°, the angle β was set to −10°, −5°, 0°, 60°, 75°, and 90°, the heat radiation amount of the flame formed at each angle β was evaluated by the heat transfer amount to the cooling water flowing through the heat transfer measurement board.
The heat transfer measurement board includes a plurality of micro-width water cooling pipes for flowing cooling water which are connected. The heat transfer measurement board can measure the inlet temperature and the outlet temperature of the cooling water in each water cooling pipe and the flow amount of the cooling water.
In Example 1, as described above, LP gas and the oxygen-enriched air were supplied to the burner 1 to ignite the burner 1, the flame self-oscillating was applied to the heat transfer measurement board. The heat transfer amount in each water cooling pipe was calculated based on the temperature difference between the outlet and the inlet of the cooling water and the flow rate of the cooling water in the heat transfer measurement board.
The measurement results of the heat transfer amount at each angle β are shown in
In the case of β=60° and 75°, it was understood that the heat radiation was generated over a wider area than in a case of other angles. However, in the case of β=90°, the heat transfer amount to the heat transfer measurement board was decreased. This is presumed to be caused by the fact that the oxygen-enriched air was ejected to the outside of the swing width of the LP gas self-oscillating, so that the LP gas ejected from the central expanding ejection port 3 and the oxygen-enriched air were not sufficiently mixed.
On the other hand, when β≤0, the extension of the flame was suppressed, and the area of heat radiation was close to the central axis.
In the case of β=0 and −5°, there was some extension in the area of heat radiation. However, in a case of β=−10°, the heat radiation is limited to a narrow area and it could be understood that a wide area of the heat radiation was hardly obtained by self-oscillating.
From the above, it was confirmed that it was possible to radiate heat in a wide area by self-oscillating without lowering the total heat transfer amount when the angle β of the side ejection ports 5 and 7 was set to −5°≤β≤α+15°.
In Example 2, a flame self-oscillating was formed using the burner 1 shown in
As in the case of the first embodiment, LP gas was supplied at 8 Nm3/h as the main combustion fluid to the central expanding ejection port 3 through the main combustion fluid supply passage 9. The oxygen-enriched air containing 40% by volume of oxygen was supplied at 105 Nm3/h to the side ejection ports 5 and 7 through the second combustion fluid supply passages 17 and 19. The LP gas was burned at an oxygen ratio of 1.05.
As a result of the experiments, in the burner 1 in which β was set to −10°, −5°, or 0°, the same results as in Example 1 in which the expanding angle α of the central expanding ejection port 3 was set to 60° were obtained. That is, when β was set to −5θ or 0°, a good flame having an extended area of heat radiation was formed. However, when β=−10°, the area of heat radiation was limited to be narrow.
In burner 1 in which β was set to 45° or 60° (≤α+15°), good heat radiation in a wide area was obtained from the flame. However, when β was set to 75°, as in the case in which β was set to 90° in Example 1, the total heat transfer amount to the heat transfer measurement board was greatly decreased.
As described above, even when the expanding angle α of the central expanding ejection port 3 was 45°, it was possible to radiate heat an extended area by self-oscillating without decrease of the total heat transfer amount by setting the angle β of the pair of the side ejection ports 5 and 7 to −5°≤β≤α+15°.
In the Example 3, a flame self-oscillating was formed using the burner 1 shown in
Here, the shape of the burner 1 other than the angle β was the same as that of the Examples 1 and 2, and the combustion conditions were the same as those of Examples 1 and 2.
In the burner 1 in which the angle β was set in a range of −5° to 0°, the area of the heat radiation from the flame had some extension and good heat radiation was obtained. However, in the burner 1 in which the angle β was set to −10°, the heat radiation reached was limited to a narrow area.
On the other hand, in the burner 1 in which the angle β was set to 105° or less β≤105° (=α+15°), satisfactory heat radiation can be obtained over a wide area from the flame. However, in the burner 1 in which the angle β was set to more than 105° (β>105°), the total heat transfer amount to the heat transfer measurement board was largely reduced.
Further, in Example 3, as a Comparative Example, heat radiant from flame was measured using a burner 61 in which a pair of ejection ports 63 and 65 was provided in a direction orthogonal to the expanding direction (self-oscillating direction) of the central expanding ejection port 3 with expanding angle α=90° (See
In the burner 61 of the Comparative Example, since the expanding angle α of the central expanding ejection port 3 was large (α=90°), it was observed that the swing width of the flame became large. As shown in
On the other hand, in the burner 1 in which the side ejection ports 5 and 7 were provided in the expanding direction of the central expanding ejection port 3 (β=0° and 90°), even when the expanding angle α of the central expanding ejection port 3 was set to 90° (α=90°), the total heat transfer amount was not decreased (see
As described above, it was confirmed that even when the expanding angle α of the central expanding ejection port 3 was set to 90°, it was possible to radiate heat to a wide area without a decrease of the total heat transfer amount rate by self-oscillating when setting the angle 1 formed by the side ejection ports 5 and 7 within a range of −5°≤β≤α+15°.
In the Example 4, a flame self-oscillating was formed using a burner 21 as shown in
In the Example 4, the expanding angle α of the central expanding ejection port 3 was set to 600, the angle β between the side ejection ports 5 and 7 was set to 60°, and the angle γ formed by the central axes of the second ejection ports 23 and 25 was set to 0°.
Experiments were conducted by supplying LP gas at 8 Nm3/h as the main combustion fluid to the central expanding ejection port 3, and the oxygen-enriched air containing 40% by volume of oxygen at 105 Nm3/h as the second combustion fluid to the side ejection ports 5 and 7, and the second ejection ports 23 and 25.
Here, the oxygen-enriched air was distributed such that the flow ratio supplied to the side ejection ports 5 and 7 and the second ejection ports 23 and 25 was 6:4. The flow rate of the oxygen-enriched air ejected from the side ejection ports 5 and 7 was set to 100 m/s. The flow rate of the oxygen-enriched air ejected from the second ejection ports 23 and 25 was set to 40 m/s. The oxygen-enriched air ejected from the burner 21 as shown in
As a result of the combustion experiments, it was confirmed that the combustion efficiency was improved and the heat transfer from the flame was further improved by using the burner 21 in which the second ejection ports 23 and 25 were provided in the vertical direction of the central expanding ejection port 3.
In the Example 4, the angle γ between the second ejection ports 23 and 25 was set to 0°, but the angle γ is not limited thereto.
In the Example 5, a flame self-oscillating was formed using a burner 31 as shown in
Experiments were conducted by supplying LP gas at 8 Nm3/h as the main combustion fluid to the central expanding ejection port 3, and the oxygen-enriched air containing 40% by volume of oxygen at 105 Nm3/h as the second combustion fluid to the side expanding ejection ports 41 and 51.
Then, the heat transfer amount was measured by the heat transfer measurement board (not shown) which was installed at a position 600 mm from the tip end of the burner 31.
In the burner 31 used in Example 5, the expanding angle α of the central expanding ejection port 3 was set to 60°, the angle βin formed by the inner side wall 41a of the side expanding ejection port 41 and the inner side wall 51a of the side expanding ejection port 51 was set to 0°, and the angle βout formed by the outer side wall 41b of the side expanding ejection port 41 and the outer side wall 51b of the side expanding ejection port 51 was set to 60°.
Furthermore, the experiment was carried out such that the self-oscillating of the fuel fluid ejected from the central expanding ejection port 3 and the self-oscillating of the oxygen-enriched air ejected from the side expanding ejection ports 41 and 51 do not have a phase difference (that is, the fuel fluid and the oxygen-enriched air swung in the right and left at the same timing).
It was confirmed from
From these results, it was confirmed that the area of heat radiation was extended, and the total heat transfer amount was also increased by ejecting the fuel fluid from the central expanding ejection port and the oxygen-enriched air from both side of the central expanding ejection port while self-oscillating.
The burner of the present invention can increase the combustion efficiency by mixing the main combustion fluid and the second combustion fluid well even in the case in which the swing width of the flame self-oscillating is large, thereby increasing the heat radiation while forming the flame in a wide area.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2016-181092 | Sep 2016 | JP | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2017/018788 | 5/19/2017 | WO | 00 |
| Publishing Document | Publishing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| WO2018/051576 | 3/22/2018 | WO | A |
| Number | Name | Date | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 5110285 | Snyder | May 1992 | A |
| 5601425 | Kobayashi et al. | Feb 1997 | A |
| 5681526 | Zhang | Oct 1997 | A |
| 6343927 | Eroglu et al. | Feb 2002 | B1 |
| 20130309617 | Haneji | Nov 2013 | A1 |
| Number | Date | Country |
|---|---|---|
| 102721056 | Oct 2012 | CN |
| 102884207 | Jan 2013 | CN |
| 203565235 | Apr 2014 | CN |
| 04-273904 | Sep 1992 | JP |
| 2001-059602 | Mar 2001 | JP |
| 2005-113200 | Apr 2005 | JP |
| 3970139 | Sep 2007 | JP |
| 2013-079753 | May 2013 | JP |
| 2014-505851 | Mar 2014 | JP |
| 2012092069 | Jul 2012 | WO |
| Entry |
|---|
| International Search Report for PCT/JP2017/018788, dated Aug. 1, 2017, 4 pages. |
| Office Action issued in TW Appln. No. 106116280 dated Apr. 8, 2020 (w/ partial translation). |
| Office Action issued in CN Appln. No. 201780053801.6 dated Sep. 3, 2019 (w/ translation). |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20200088404 A1 | Mar 2020 | US |
