The present invention relates to connector systems. More specifically, the present invention relates to connector systems that facilitate data throughput through a 1 rack unit (RU) panel, where 1 RU is equal to 1.75 inches or 44.45 mm by 19 inches or 482.6 mm, of at least 15 TB/sec.
Up to seventy-two SFP+ ports can fit within a 1 RU faceplate area of about 352.75 mm by 41 mm (or 144.6 cm2). Corresponding throughput is 720 Gb/sec. Up to seventy-two zSFP+ ports can fit within the 1 RU faceplate area. Corresponding throughput is 1.8 Tb/sec. Up to thirty-six QSFP28 ports can fit within the 1 RU faceplate area. Corresponding throughput is 3.6 Tb/sec. Up to thirty-six QSFP56 ports can fit within the 1 RU faceplate area. Corresponding throughput is 7.2 Tb/sec. Up to seventy-two microQSFP ports can fit within the 1 RU faceplate area. Corresponding throughput is 14.4 Tb/sec. Up to seventy-two SFP-DD ports can fit within the 1 RU faceplate area. Corresponding throughput is 7.2 Tb/sec. Up to thirty-six QSFP-DD ports can fit within the 1 RU faceplate area. Corresponding throughput is 14.4 Tb/sec.
The embodiments of the present invention facilitate throughput of at least 15 Tb/sec, at least 20 Tb/sec, at least 25 Tb/sec, at least 30 Tb/sec, at least 35 Tb/sec, at least 37.5 Tb/sec, at least 40 Tb/sec, at least 45 Tb/sec, and at least 50 Tb/sec through various 1 RU faceplate areas. Throughput of 37.5 Tb/sec or 50 Tb/sec is more than double the 14.4 Tb/sec throughput of the prior art.
Various independent embodiments of the present invention can include cable connectors that can connect orthogonally to a mating connector, such as a board connector; board connectors with compression spring ground blades that connect electrically with connector shields of a respective cable connector; connector systems that can each include a board connector and a mating cable connector positioned on both sides of a die package; and first electrical panel connectors that can carry up to or at least thirty-two differential signal pairs but still operate with 0 dB to −0.5 dB of insertion loss through frequencies up to and including 28 GHz, 56G NRZ, and 112G PAM4; operate with return loss under −15 dB through frequencies up to and including 30 GHz, 56G NRZ, and 112G PAM4; or operate with frequency domain near end crosstalk of under −50 dB through frequencies up to and including 30 GHz, 56G NRZ, and 112G PAM 4.
Embodiments of the present invention provide cable connector systems that allow cable connectors to be connected to a board connector in a stacked or nested configuration, while reducing the footprint and stack height required by the board connector. For example, embodiments of the present invention can be used in groups of connectors positioned on one or both opposed surfaces of a die package substrate. Embodiments of the present invention can be used to collectively transmit at least 37.5 terabytes of data per second with frequency domain crosstalk of −40 dB or better on a standard 70-mm-by-70-mm die package. On larger die packages, such as 120-mm-by-120 mm die package, a 145-mm-by-145-mm die package, a 150-mm-by-150-mm die package, or other sized die packages larger than 70-mm-by-70-mm, data throughput can be at least 50 Tb/sec. Embodiments of the present invention can have a height, measured from a mounting surface of the PCB to a top surface of any one of the board connectors described herein of about 1.5 mm to about 6 mm.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, a cable includes a first cable conductor that defines a first mating end, a second cable conductor that defines a second mating end, and an insert that carries the first cable conductor and the second cable conductor. The first mating end defines a first contact surface, the second mating end defines a second contact surface, the first contact surface is configured to electrically connect to a first electrical contact, and the second contact surface is configured to electrically connect to a second electrical contact. The first contact surface and the second contact surface can face in opposite directions.
The first cable conductor and the cable second conductor can define a differential signal pair. The cable connector can further include a dielectric layer that at least partially surrounds the first cable conductor and the second cable conductor. The cable connector can further include a cable shield that at least partially surrounds the dielectric layer.
A first centerline can divide a cross-section of the first mating end of the first cable conductor into a first semicircle and a second semicircle, and the first semicircle can be devoid of plastic and defines the first contact surface. A second centerline can divide a cross-section of the second mating end of the second cable conductor into a third semicircle and a fourth semicircle, and the fourth semicircle can be devoid of plastic and defines the second contact surface.
A first centerline line can divide a cross-section of the first mating end of the first cable conductor into a first semicircle and a second semicircle; a second centerline can divide a cross-section of the second mating end of the second cable conductor into a third semicircle and a fourth semicircle; and the first semicircle can be devoid of plastic, the fourth semicircle can be devoid of plastic, and the second and third semicircles can be positioned between the first semicircle and the fourth semicircle.
A centerline line can divide a cross-section of the first mating end of the first cable conductor into a first semicircle and a second semicircle and a cross-section of the second mating end of the second cable conductor into a third semicircle and a fourth semicircle; and the first semicircle can be devoid of plastic, the third semicircle can be devoid of plastic, the first contact surface can face away from the second semicircle, and the second contact surface can face away from the third semicircle.
The first mating end can be devoid of a cable shield. The second mating end can be devoid of a cable shield. The first contact surface can be only a single contact surface. The second contact surface can be only a single contact surface.
The cable connector can further include a connector shield carried by the insert. The connector shield can define a groove, and the groove can be configured to receive a cable shield. The connector shield can define a slot, and the slot can be configured to receive a ground blade of a mating connector.
The insert can define a tooth. The insert can define a first hole and a second hole adjacent to the base. The tooth can define a base and a cross member positioned perpendicular to the base. The base can define a first base recess adjacent to the first hole, and the first hole and the first base recess can receive the first mating end of the first cable conductor. The base can define a second base recess adjacent to the second hole, and the second hole and the second base recess can receive the second mating end of the second cable conductor.
The first conductor and the second conductor can be part of a shielded, coextruded twin axial cable that can have a gauge of 34 AWG to 36 AWG. The first conductor and the second conductor can be part of a shielded, co-extruded twin axial cable that can have a gauge of 28 AWG to 30 AWG.
The cable connector can be arranged to be nested within a mating connector when mated with the mating connector.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, a cable connector includes a cable; an insert including an insert body that defines holes and a tooth adjacent to the holes, wherein the tooth extends away from the insert body; and a connector shield connected to the insert. A first mating end of a first cable conductor and a second mating end of a second cable conductor extend through respective holes such that the first and second mating ends of the respective first and second cable conductors are supported by the tooth.
The cable can include a cable shield; the connector shield can include grooves; and the cable shield can be connected to a corresponding one of the grooves.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, a board connector includes a board connector housing, a ground plane carried by the board connector housing, and electrical contacts carried by the board connector housing, wherein the electrical contacts electrically contact only one semicircular side of a respective mating cable conductor.
The ground plane can include at least one ground plane arm that extends into a hole in the board connector housing. The ground plane can include at least one slot. The ground plane can include at least one hole.
The board connector can further include a ground blade that electrically connects with the ground plane. The ground blade can include a tail, a leg, and a spring; and the tail can extend through the board connector housing, and the spring can be configured to electrically connect to a cable shield of a mating cable connector.
The ground plane can include ground arms that extend beneath heads of the electrical contacts. The ground plane and the board connector housing can each define a right angle shape. The electrical contacts can be configured to be surface mounted to a substrate.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, a board connector includes a board connector housing including a second connector mating interface that receives a second cable connector and a first connector mating interface that receives a first cable connector that is stacked on top of second cable connector; ground blades that extend into both the first and second connector mating interfaces; and between two of the ground blades that are adjacent to each other, a first pair of electrical contacts that directly contact a respective one of a first cable conductor and a second cable conductor of the first cable connector; and a second pair of electrical contacts that directly contact a respective one of a first cable conductor and a second cable conductor of the second cable connector.
The board connector can further include a first ground plane positioned in the second connector mating interface and a second ground plane positioned in the first connector mating interface.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, a cable connector system includes a board connector, a first cable connector including a first insert connected to first cables, and a second cable connector including a second insert connected to second cables. The first and the second cable connectors are connected to the board connector with the first cable connector stacked on top of the second cable connector.
When the board connector is connected to a substrate, a portion of each of the first cables adjacent to the first insert can extend parallel or substantially parallel to a major surface of the substrate, and a portion of each of the second cables adjacent to the second insert can extend parallel or substantially parallel to the major surface of the substrate.
The first insert can include holes in which corresponding first and second cable conductors of the first cables are located and teeth that support corresponding first and second mating ends of the first and second cable conductors of the first cables, and the second insert can includes holes in which corresponding first and second cable conductors of the second cables are located and teeth that support corresponding first and second mating ends of the first and second cable conductors of the second cables.
The board connector can include electrical contacts that are directly connected to corresponding first and second mating ends of first and second cable conductors of the first and second cables. The electrical contacts can be directly connected to only one side of the corresponding first and second mating ends along a length of the first and second cable conductors of the first and the second cables.
The board connector can include ground blades that extend between and along the first and second cables so that a corresponding ground blade is on each side of each of the first and second cables. The board connector can includes a first ground plane that extends under the first cable connector and a second ground plane that extends under the second cable connector.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, a die package includes a substrate that defines a first package surface and a second package surface opposed to the first package surface; a die positioned on the first package surface; first electrical connectors positioned on the first package surface; and second electrical connectors positioned on the second package surface. The first and second electrical connectors each carry differential signal pairs and each is in electrical communication with the die.
The die package can further include a pad field on the second package surface.
The first electrical connectors can be connector systems each comprising a board connector and a cable connector; the cable connector can include a first conductor that defines a first mating end, a second conductor that defines a second mating end, and an insert that carries the first conductor and the second conductor; and the first mating end can define a first contact surface, the second mating end can define a second contact surface, the first contact surface can be configured to electrically connect to a first electrical contact, and the second contact surface can be configured to electrically connect to a second electrical contact.
The first and second electrical connectors can each be a board connector that each receive at least one respective cable connector, where the at least one respective cable connector can be attached to one end of cables, and a first electrical panel connector can be attached to opposite ends of the cables. The first and second electrical connectors can include a total of at least 513 differential signal pairs, a total of at least 600 differential signal pairs, at least 700 differential signal pairs, at least 800 differential signal pairs, at least 900 differential signal pairs, at least 1000 differential signal pairs, or at least 1024 differential signal pairs.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, a cable assembly includes at least thirty-two twin axial cables, each of the at least thirty-two twin axial cables includes a first conductor and a second conductor, defines a first end and a second end opposed to the first end, and has a gauge of 34-36 AWG; at least four rows of electrical contact pairs connected to respective first ends of the at least thirty-two twin axial cables, each of the at least four rows of electrical contact pairs includes at least eight differential signal pairs; and a first electrical panel connector connected to respective second ends of the at least thirty-two twin axial cables, the first electrical panel connector includes thirty-two differential signal pairs. The cable assembly is sized and shaped such that the cable assembly will fit within a 1.75 inch height of a 1 RU panel when vertically stacked with another cable assembly.
The cable assembly can be devoid of a printed circuit board. The first electrical panel connector does not have to receive a printed circuit board.
A cable assembly system according to embodiments of the present invention includes thirty-two cable assemblies that can fit within 212 cm2, 206 cm2, 200 cm2, and 194 cm2. Thirty-two cable assemblies can carry at least 1024 cables.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, a method includes passing at least 15 terabytes/sec through an approximate 143 cm2 area of a 1 RU panel using copper cables.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, a method includes passing at least 16 to 37.5 terabytes/sec through an approximate 168 cm2 area of a 1 RU panel using copper cables.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, a method includes passing at least 38 terabytes/sec through an approximate 192 cm2 area of a 1 RU panel using copper cables.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, a method includes passing at least 50 terabytes/sec through an approximate 192 cm2 area of a 1 RU panel using copper cables.
The above and other features, elements, characteristics, steps, and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the following detailed description of embodiments of the present invention with reference to the attached drawings.
Connector systems described herein can include a first connector and a mating second connector. Board connectors can be a first connector; and first, second, and third cable connectors can be mating second connectors. Alternatively, board connectors can be a second mating connector; and first, second, and third cable connectors can be respective first connectors. First, second, and third cable connectors can include a cable that includes a first cable conductor and a second cable conductor. Cable assemblies can include a cable with a first, second, or third cable connector attached to one end of the cable, and a first electrical panel connector attached to an opposed end of the cable.
The second cable connector 130 is connected to the board connector 110 first, and then the first cable connector 120 is connected to the board connector 110. The first and second cable connectors 120, 130 are connected to the board connector 110 by inserting the first and second cable connectors 120, 130 from an insertion/unmate direction that is orthogonal or substantially orthogonal, within manufacturing tolerances, to a major surface of the substrate on which the board connector 110 is mounted. Alternatively, the second cable connector 130 can also be rotated into position in the second connector mating interface 160, and the first cable connector 120 can be rotated into position in the first connector mating interface 150. The first cable connector 130 can at least partially overlap the second cable connector 130 when the first and second cable connectors 120, 130 are both electrically connected to the board connector 110. Each of the first and second cable connectors 120, 130 can have respective electrical cables 140 attached thereto. Cable 140 can be twin axial cables, coaxial cables, extruded twin axial cables, shielded cables, or any other suitable cables. In differential signal applications, cable 140 could be twin axial cable or individual coaxial cables. Cable 140 can be 26-36 AWG differential signal cables, such as 32, 33, 34, 35 or 36 AWG. Individual coaxial cables can each have smaller cross-sectional diameters/larger AWGs.
Any cable 140 described herein can include an electrical insulator 142 that at least partially surrounds a first conductor or a first cable conductor 190, an electrically conductive cable shield 144 that at least partially surrounds the electrical insulator 142, and an outer electrically non-conductive jacket 146 that at least partially surrounds the electrically conductive cable shield 144.
With the stacked arrangement of first and second cable connectors 120, 130, it is possible to achieve a mated stack height of the cable connector system, determined by the height H of a board connector housing of the board connector 110, which can be about 1.5 mm in length for a one row board connector and about 3 mm in length for a two row board connector. Cable 140 portions adjacent to the first and second cable connectors 120, 130 can each extend parallel or substantially parallel within manufacturing tolerances to the substrate to which the board connector 110 is mounted. Although
The board connector 110 can include four or more ground blades 320. As shown in
The ground blades 320 can be used with both of the first and second cable connectors 120, 130, but it is possible to use two separate ground blades 320 for the first and second cable connectors so that the board connector 110 includes 2*(M+1) ground blades 320. If there are N first and second cable connectors 120, 130, then the board connector 110 can include N ground planes 330. If there are P total cables 140 in both the first and second cable connectors 120, 130, then the board connector 110 can include 2*P electrical contacts 340, assuming each cable 140 is a twin axial cable with two center conductors. If the cables 140 are coaxial cables with a single center conductor, then the board connector 110 can include P electrical contacts 340.
As discussed above, the board connector housing 310 can define openings 350 that receive the ground blades, the ground planes, and the electrical contacts. The board connector housing 310 can further define protrusions 360 that engage with corresponding holes defined by the ground plane. The height H1 of the protrusions 360 in the board connector housing 310 can also be chosen such that the protrusion 360 engages with a respective one of the first cable connector 120 and second cable connector 130 when the first and second cable connectors 120, 130 are connected to the board connector 110.
The board connector housing 310 can define an open end 314 and a floor 316. First and second cable connectors 120, 130 (shown in
Insert 370 of a respective first or second cable connector 120, 130 can be made from an electrically non-conductive material and can define a tooth or one or more teeth 372. Insert 370 can carry the connector shield 375, cables 380, respective cable shields 382, respective first and second cable conductors 390, 392 of the respective cables 380, and electrically non-conductive material positioned between the respective first and second cable conductors 390, 392 and the respective cable shields 382. First and second cable conductors 390, 392 are stripped bare and may both extend through the insert 370 and through a respective tooth 372 so that one tooth carries both the first and second cable conductors 390, 393. The first cable conductor 390 electrically connects with a respective electrical contact 340, but only one side of the first cable conductor 390. The second cable conductor 392 electrically connects with a respective electrical contact 340, but only one side of the second cable conductor 392. When a first or second cable connector 120, 130 is connected to the board connector 110, the first and second cable conductors 390, 392 are already exposed, and the electrical contacts 340 do not cut the jacket, cable shield 382, or dielectric layer of a respective cable 380. The electrical contacts 340 can electrically connect to respective first and second cable conductors 390, 392 by a spring force exerted on a respective first or second cable conductor 390, 392. First and second cable connectors 120, 130 can be identical or substantially identical in construction. Tooth or teeth 372 can have a larger cross-sectional area than the first cable conductor 390 or the second cable conductor 392.
Referring again to
The cable or cables 1340 can be similar to the cables 2040 shown in
The insert 1310 can be made from an electrically insulative material and can define at least one tooth or a plurality of teeth 1330. Each tooth 1330 can define a T-shape, with a cross-member 1372 and a base 1374. The cross-member 1372 can extend perpendicular or substantially perpendicular to the base 1374, can extend perpendicular or substantially perpendicular to the first and second cable conductors 1347a, 1347b, and lie substantially in a common plane with the base 1374. The base 1374 can be oriented perpendicular or substantially perpendicular to the cross-member 1372. The base 1374 can also be oriented parallel or substantially parallel to the first and second cable conductors 1347a, 1347b.
The insert 1310 can define at least one or a plurality of holes 1370 that each receive a respective one of the first and second cable conductors 1347a, 1347b. A hole 1370 can transition into a base recess 1376, such as a semi-circular recess in cross section, such that the hole 1370 and the base recess 1376 can receive a respective first or second cable conductor 1347a, 1347b. In turn, the base recess 1376 can transition into a cross-member recess 1378 that can also receive a respective one of a first or second cable conductor 1347a, 1347b.
The connector shield 1320 can define at least one or a plurality of grooves that can each receive a respective cable shield 1382 of a respective cable 1340. The cable shields 1382 can be electrically connected by the connector shield 1320. The connector shield 1320 can also define at least one or a plurality of slots 1360. Each slot 1360 can receive a respective ground blade 320 (shown in
The insert 1710 is shown as separate from the connector shield in
Once inserted into the through holes 1770 of the insert 1710, the first and second cable conductors 1347a, 1347b (shown in
As shown in
The electrical contacts 1100, 1200 can each define a respective contact recess 2100, such that the contact recesses 2100 are mirror images of each other about fifth longitudinal centerline CL5. The combined respective contact recesses 2100 can define a tooth recess 2098 that can receive a corresponding tooth 2010 or a cross-member 2072 of a tooth 2010. Electrical contacts 1100, 1200 can connect electrically with a corresponding first mating end 2090 or second mating end 2092 of a respective first cable conductor 2047 or a second cable conductor 2048, only at a position along the base 2074 of the tooth 2010, such as between a body of the insert 2011 and the cross member 2072. The cross member 2072 can be sized and shaped to extend over the first and fourth semicircles 2093, 2096 to physically prevent the electrical contacts 1100, 1200 for physically or electrically contacting respective first and second cable conductors 2047, 2048 positioned in a corresponding cross member recess 2078. Each tooth 2010 can be inserted between two opposed, immediately adjacent, facing, corresponding electrical contacts 1100, 1200 in direction A, which is perpendicular or substantially perpendicular to the fifth longitudinal centerline CL5. Alternatively, each tooth 2010 can be inserted between two opposed, immediately adjacent, facing corresponding electrical contacts 1100, 1200 in direction B, which is parallel to the fifth longitudinal centerline CL5 and perpendicular or substantially perpendicular to direction A.
As shown in
As shown in
Each electrical contact 2320 can be cantilevered, including a head 2323 and tail (not shown) that are connected at 90° or approximately 90° within manufacturing tolerances. The heads 2323 in pairs of electrical contacts 2320 can only electrically connect, physically touch, or both, the top portion 2321 of a respective first cable conductor 2347 (and second cable conductor) of the cable 2350. The heads 2323 can include a lead-in 2325 and a bend 2327 to assist with mating with the first cable conductor 2347 (and the second cable conductor) of the cables 2350 with the corresponding electrical contacts 2320 of the wafer 2300. The lead-ins 2325 can assist in guiding the teeth 2314 of the third cable connector 2310 when the third cable connectors 2310 are mated with corresponding wafers 2300. The bend 2327 can be shaped to accommodate an end 2342 of a corresponding tooth 2314. The third cable connector 2310 can be mated with a corresponding wafer 2300 by pushing the third cable connector 2310 toward the wafer 2300 parallel to direction C. The tail (not shown) can be surface mounted to a substrate. Alternatively, the tail can include a press-fit tail, a through-hole tail, or any other suitable structure to attach the electrical contacts 2320 to the substrate.
Once inserted into the insert 2410, first cable conductor 2447a and second cable conductor 2447b can be secured to the end of the teeth 2430 by any suitable method. For example, first and second cable conductors 2447a, 2447b can be held in place by securing the dielectric layer 2480 to the insert 2410 by adhesive or holding the cable 2440 in place using an interference fit or securing medium. The teeth 2430 of the insert 2410 can secure the first and second cable conductors 2447a, 2447b such that when the third cable connector 2310 is attached to a wafer of a board connector (not shown), the corresponding heads of the electrical contacts of the board connector engage only one side or only the respective top portions 2321 of the first and second cable conductors 2447a, 2447b.
Although the insert 2410 of the third cable connector 2310 is shown without a connector shield in
As shown in
The first substrate 2600 can be approximately 145-mm-by-145-mm, such as a printed circuit board, measured along two intersecting first and second die edges 2640, 2650 of the first substrate 2600. The first substrate 2600 can be other sizes too, such as a 70-mm-by-70-mm, an 85-mm-by-85-mm die package, a 120-mm-by-120-mm die package, a 145-mm-by-145-mm die package, a 150-mm-by-150-mm die package, a 230-mm-by-230-mm die package, or other sized die package. The die package is preferably square, but does not have to have sides of equal lengths and can have other shapes. The larger the area of the first substrate 2600, the more connector systems 100 can be added to the first package surface 2620 or the second package surface 2660.
The die package 2630 can therefore include a first substrate 2600 that defines a first package surface 2620; a second, opposed package surface 2660; a die 2610 carried by the first package surface 2620; differential signal connector systems 100 carried by the first package surface 2620; and differential signal connector systems 100 carried by the second package surface 2660. Each differential signal connector system 100 can include a board connector 110 carried by the first package surface 2620, a board connector 110 carried by the second package surface 2660, and a first cable connector 120 or a second cable connector 130 releasably attached to each of the board connectors 110.
The electrical connectors can each include one, two, three, or four rows of four differential signal pairs, or any other number of rows, contacts, or differential pairs.
Four row connector systems 100a are shown in
With four rows of eight differential signal pairs per electrical connector system 100a, thirty-two twin axial cables or sixty-four single conductor cables 140a can be connected to a corresponding one of the board connectors 110a carried by any one of the first package surface 2620 of the die package or the second package surface 2660 of the die package 2630.
One row connector system (not shown) can be approximately 1.5 mm in height. A two row connector system 100 can be approximately 3 mm in height. A three row connector system (not shown) can be approximately 4.5 mm in height. A four row connector system can be approximately 6 mm in height. Height can be measured orthogonally from a mounting interface of a board connector 110 to the highest point on the board connector that is parallel to the mounting interface.
In total, on both the first and second surfaces of the die package, a die package in the range of approximately 140 mm by 140 mm to approximately 280 mm by 280 mm can carry at least 1024 twin axial pairs or 2048 individual cable conductors which are routed to respective first electrical panel connectors 2700, examples of which are shown in
With combined reference to
As shown in
As shown in
Worst case embodiments of the present invention can pass or fit at least 768 differential signal pairs through a 1 RU panel area of 42-mm-by-325-mm (approximately 143 cm2), using approximately twenty-four first electrical panel connectors 2700 each carrying thirty-two differential signal pairs and at least 34 AWG cable 140, with a corresponding throughput of approximately at least 37 Tb/sec. Throughput is more than double the prior art throughput. The number of differential pairs attached to a 1 RU panel, via first electrical panel connectors 2700, is approximately 256 greater than compared to the prior art. At least 2048 individual cable conductors or 1024 differential twinax of at least 34 AWG cables can terminate to thirty-two or thirty-three of the first electrical panel connectors 2700, all within an area defined by approximately 1.75 inches by approximately 17 inches, or approximately 29.75 inches2, or approximately 192 cm2. Corresponding throughput is approximately 50 Tb/sec. t least 1536 individual cable conductors, or 768 twin axial cables, or 384 channels, can fit within a panel area of approximately 21 inches2 to approximately 26 inches2, or approximately 143 cm2 to approximately 196 centimeters2.
At least 513 differential signal pairs can fit within a panel area of 12.8 inches by 1.73 inches, or approximately 143 cm2. At least 600 differential signal pairs can fit within a panel area of 12.8 inches by 1.73 inches, or approximately 143 cm2. At least 700 differential signal pairs can fit within a panel area of 12.8 inches by 1.73 inches, or approximately 143 cm2. At least 800 differential signal pairs can fit within a panel area of 12.8 inches by 1.73 inches, or approximately 149 cm2. At least 900 differential signal pairs can fit within a panel area of 12.8 inches by 1.73 inches, or approximately 168 cm2. At least 1000 differential signal pairs can fit within a panel area of 12.8 inches by 1.73 inches, or approximately 186 cm2. Each of the first electrical or front panel connectors, alone or in combination, carry differential signals with a frequency domain crosstalk between −40 dB to −60 dB through frequencies up to and including 30 GHz, 35 GHz, or 40 GHz.
The number of cables or differential signal pairs that can fit within a 1 RU panel can be independent of the number of first electrical panel connectors 2700. 1024 differential signal pairs can fit within the area of a 1 RU panel, which is approximately 1.75 inches by 17 inches, or approximately 29.75 inches2, or approximately 192 cm2. At least 2048 individual cable conductors or 1024 differential twinax cables can terminate to or pass through an area defined by approximately 1.75 inches by approximately 17 inches, or approximately 29.75 inches2, or approximately 192 cm2. If the cable is reduced in diameter, thirty-two of the first electrical panel connectors 2700 can fit within a panel area of 14.75 inches by 1.75 inches, or approximately 25.8 inches2, or approximately 166 cm2. Thirty-two of the first electrical panel connectors 2700 can fit within a panel area of 14.75 inches by 1.5 inches, or approximately 22 inches2, or approximately 142 cm2.
At least 513 differential signal cable pairs can attach to respective first electrical panel connectors that take up no more than one half of 1 RU panel area, such as one half of approximately 19 inches by 1.75 inches, or one half of approximately 33 inches2, or approximately one half of 213 cm2.
Any area described herein is not limited to a single 1 RU panel. A panel area can be distributed among two or more 1 RU panels, as long as the combined area taken up by the at least 1024 twin axial, at least 2048 coaxial cables, or the connectors is equal to or less than the area of a single 1 RU panel. The 1 RU panel can define a plurality of panel through holes, like a screen, to permit airflow through the 1 RU panel.
As shown in
It should be understood that the foregoing description is only illustrative of the present invention. Various alternatives and modifications can be devised by those skilled in the art without departing from the present invention. Accordingly, the present invention is intended to embrace all such alternatives, modifications, and variances that fall within the scope of the appended claims.
This application claims benefit to U.S. Patent Application No. 62/697,014, filed on Jul. 12, 2018; U.S. Patent Application No. 62/728,278, filed on Sep. 7, 2018; U.S. Patent Application No. 62/704,025, filed on Oct. 9, 2018; U.S. Patent Application No. 62/704,052, filed on Jan. 28, 2019; U.S. Patent Application No. 62/813,102, filed on Mar. 3, 2019; and U.S. Patent Application No. 62/840,731, filed Apr. 30, 2019, all of which are incorporated by reference in their entirety for all purposes as if fully set forth herein.
Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
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PCT/US2019/041356 | 7/11/2019 | WO |
Publishing Document | Publishing Date | Country | Kind |
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WO2020/014449 | 1/16/2020 | WO | A |
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