Cable with parallel wires for building work structure, anchoring for said cable and anchoring method

Information

  • Patent Grant
  • 6658684
  • Patent Number
    6,658,684
  • Date Filed
    Thursday, January 30, 2003
    21 years ago
  • Date Issued
    Tuesday, December 9, 2003
    20 years ago
Abstract
A reinforcement for a building works structure comprising an assembly of solid wires. The wires are mutually parallel to form a bundle and the reinforcement comprises a sheath made of plastic material enclosing the bundle and providing it with cohesion.
Description




FIELD OF THE INVENTION




The invention is aimed in particular, although not exclusively, among these structures, at those intended to equip cable stayed bridges, suspension bridges or the like. The reinforcements habitually encountered in such structures comprise a certain number of wires.




DESCRIPTION OF THE RELATED ART




In known embodiments of the reinforcements of the kind in question, the various constituent wires are generally twisted around a central wire. This arrangement is used to produce a strand, also known as a twist, made from wires of small diameter. The mechanical properties of the strand obtained are better than those of a single-wire strand in which the cross section of the single wire is equivalent to that of said strand.




Twisting the peripheral wires around a central wire secures the wires of the strand or twist together and reduces the flexural inertia of the assembly. A reinforcement unit is thus obtained from very high-strength wires.




However, producing the twisted strand or twist entails a special twisting operation which is expensive. In addition, this operation gives rise to differential elongation between the central wire and the peripheral wires. The peripheral wires are therefore less highly stressed than the central wire, giving rise to an apparent elastic modulus for the strand which is lower than that of each constituent wire.




Furthermore, the fatigue behavior of a strand as defined hereinabove is not as good as that of the wire of which it is made because the differential elongation between the peripheral wires and the central wire gives rise to differential movements with radial pressure and therefore to friction between the wires which is not really favorable in terms of fatigue.




An additional drawback lies in the work hardening that results from the twisting, which creates a stiff steel with residual internal tensions making it less ductile and therefore susceptible to creep or to relaxation, according to the type of loading. In order to attempt to reduce this drawback, an operation that consists in exerting tension under a high temperature close to 400° C. is performed. This operation leads to additional cost and may be tricky because it demands a great deal of precision on the temperature when the wires are galvanized wires. This is because the melting point of zinc is not to be exceeded while at the same time not reducing the temperature too far as this would render the operation ineffective.




Furthermore, in order to obtain good protection against corrosion, it is common practice for a plastic film to be extruded over the strand. Prior to this extrusion operation, a spacer device allows the spaces between the wires around the central wire to be filled with a flexible product such as grease or wax. This operation, because of the need to untwist the wires and then twist them again, leads to further work hardening by deformation of the peripheral wires, which reduces the ductility of the strand.




SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION




The object of the invention is to overcome the aforementioned drawbacks by providing a reinforcement the mechanical performance of which is equivalent and even equal to that of each of the wires of which it is made.




To this end, according to the invention, a reinforcement of the kind in question is essentially characterized in that the wires are roughly mutually parallel to form a bundle and in that it comprises a plastic sheath which envelops the bundle, providing it with cohesion.




By virtue of this arrangement, the cohesion of the reinforcement obtained is preserved while the mechanical properties of the reinforcement are equivalent or equal to those of a constituent wire.




In preferred embodiments of the reinforcement according to the invention, recourse is further had to one and/or another of the following provisions:




the solid wires are metal wires and the sheath is made of flexible plastic extruded onto the bundle;




the solid wires are wires made of composite and the sheath is made of flexible plastic extruded onto the bundle;




the bundle of wires comprises a central wire and peripheral wires, the peripheral wires being tangential to the central wire and separated from one another, delimiting grooves;




the sheath has a cylindrical exterior shape and has a lobed interior wall with recesses and projections, the peripheral wires being housed in the recesses and the projections extending into the grooves;




the sheath has an exterior wall which in cross section is of circular shape;




the sheath has an exterior wall which in cross section is of a lobed shape;




the sheath has an exterior wall which in cross section is of roughly polygonal shape;




the sheath and the wires delimit gaps which are filled with a lubricant chosen from wax and grease; and




the sheath and the wires delimit gaps which are filled with a bonding device.




Furthermore, another subject of the invention is a cable for a building work structure comprising at least two reinforcements as defined hereinabove.




A further subject of the invention is a method for packaging a reinforcement as defined hereinabove by parallel winding onto a drum, making one full twist over one turn.




Finally, a subject of the invention is a method for implementing, in a building work, a reinforcement as defined hereinabove, consisting in that in at least one portion of the reinforcement, the solid wires are bared and the bared wires are anchored to at least a constituent part of the building work so as to cause the reinforcement to work in tension.




Advantageously, the collection of solid wires of the reinforcement are wedged collectively into an anchoring jaw assembly.











BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS




Other features and advantages of the invention will become apparent in the course of the detailed description which follows of a number of its embodiments which are given by way of nonlimiting examples, with reference to the appended drawings, in which:





FIG. 1

is an overall schematic view of a suspension bridge comprising reinforcements according to the present invention; and





FIGS. 2

to


6


are respective views in cross section of a reinforcement according to a first, a second, a third, a fourth and a fifth embodiment.











DETAILED DESCRIPTION




The building works structure


1


depicted in

FIG. 1

is, for example, a suspension bridge. This bridge comprises, in the conventional way, a deck


2


, two towers


3


, two parallel suspension cables


4


, just one being visible in the figure, and a number of hangers


5


which are attached to the cables


4


and which carry the deck


2


.




The suspension cables


4


are tensioned between two anchors in the ground


6


located at the two ends of the bridge, and are supported by the two towers


3


.




Each suspension cable


3


consists of one or more reinforcements


10


according to a first embodiment of the invention, like the one depicted in FIG.


2


.




Each reinforcement


10


consists of a collection of solid wires


11


which form a bundle enveloped in a sheath


12


. The reinforcement


10


thus formed is also known as a strand, and may be combined with other strands to form the cable


4


. It is thus understood that the term “reinforcement” denotes a flexible assembly which can be wound so that it can be stored and transported, and is then unwound to be installed in a building work.




Within a strand, the wires


11


are generally seven in number and comprise a central wire


13


around which six peripheral wires


14


are arranged. The wires


13


and


14


run parallel to each other and are, for example, made of steel.




The wires


13


and


14


are in mutual contact along their generatrix. Only the central wire


13


is in contact with all the other peripheral wires


14


. The peripheral wires


14


are separated one from the next and delimit grooves


15


which face toward the outside of the bundle of wires


13


,


14


.




The collection of wires


13


and


14


is extruded with the sheath


12


. This sheath forms an outer envelope made of flexible plastic which may be HDPE or amorphous polypropylene. The sheath


12


provides the collection of wires


13


and


14


with cohesion.




The sheath


12


is of hollow cylindrical shape and has an exterior wall


16


and an interior wall


17


. The thickness of the sheath is small by comparison with its length.




In the first embodiment (FIG.


2


), the exterior wall


16


is, in cross section, of circular shape whereas the interior wall


17


is, in cross section, lobed. This wall thus has recesses


18


and projections


19


which follow on from one another alternately along the circumference of the interior wall.




The peripheral cables


14


are housed in the recesses


18


and the projections


19


extend between the cables


14


into the grooves


15


. Thus, the peripheral cables are held firmly by the sheath.




In a second embodiment, like the one depicted in

FIG. 3

, the reinforcement


20


can be distinguished from the reinforcement


10


only by the shape of the exterior wall of the sheath or sheath


22


. This sheath has an exterior wall


26


and an interior wall


27


which, in cross section, are both of lobed shape.




The interior wall


27


is similar to the interior wall


17


of the sheath


12


of the first embodiment and has recesses


28


and projections


29


. The exterior wall


26


has recesses and projections which correspond respectively with the projections and the recesses of the interior wall


27


.




The reinforcement


30


of the third embodiment depicted in

FIG. 4

differs from the reinforcement


20


previously described only in that the wires


13


and


14


are embedded in an elastomer matrix


31


such as polybutadiene or the like. This matrix occupies the gaps between the wires


13


,


14


. The elastomer


31


adheres to the wires, by surface adhesion, preferably, by chemical bonding with the sheath


22


in order to increase this adhesion. As an alternative, the matrix may be a lubricant such as wax or grease so as to reduce the friction between the wires and the sheath.




In the fourth embodiment depicted in

FIG. 5

, the reinforcement


40


differs from the reinforcement


30


described with reference to

FIG. 4

in the exterior shape of the sheath


42


. The exterior wall


46


of this sheath is no longer of lobed shape in cross section, but of polygonal shape. This shape makes the reinforcements or strands easier to juxtapose in order to form a cable


50


like the one depicted in FIG.


6


. The spaces between the strands


40


can be occupied by a matrix similar to the one described hereinabove.




As an alternative, it is possible to juxtapose reinforcements


40


, the wires of which have different diameters from one reinforcement to another.




The strand thus obtained according to one of the embodiments has a mechanical strength, an elastic modulus, fatigue performance and ductility whose values are equivalent and even equal to those of each wire of which it is made.




In order to be packaged and transported to the site of the building work, the strand is wound onto a drum, making one full twist over one turn. The pitch is of the order of one to three meters which means that residual stresses in the elastic region are stored in each constituent wire.




Furthermore, the reinforcement obtained according to one of the embodiments is used within the building work


1


to have the function of one of the cables


4


or hangers


5


. For this purpose, a portion of the reinforcement, for example the end, is bared by removing the sheath. The wires thus bared are fixed by means of jaw assemblies, for example into anchors in the ground


6


, and the remainder of the reinforcement runs toward the posts


3


so as to cause the reinforcement to work in tension.




The collection of wires


13


,


14


is, for example, collectively wedged in the anchoring jaw assembly.



Claims
  • 1. A method for packaging a reinforcement, the method comprising:forming a collection of solid wires which are mutually parallel, the solid wires include a central wire and peripheral wires, the peripheral wires being tangential to the central wire and separated from one another, delimiting grooves, a flexible plastic sheath which is extruded onto the bundle, wherein said sheath has a cylindrical exterior shape and has a lobed interior wall with recesses and projections, the peripheral wires being housed in the recesses and the projections extending into the grooves; and parallel winding the reinforcement onto a drum, making one full twist over one turn.
  • 2. Method for implementing a reinforcement for a building work, the method comprising:forming a collection of solid wires which are mutually parallel, the solid wires include a central wire and peripheral wires, the peripheral wires being tangential to the central wire and separated from one another, delimiting grooves, a flexible plastic sheath which is extruded onto the bundle, wherein said sheath has a cylindrical exterior shape and has a lobed interior wall with recesses and projections, the peripheral wires being housed in the recesses and the projections extending into the grooves; and in at least one portion of the reinforcement, baring the solid wires and anchoring bared wires to at least a constituent part of the building work so as to cause the reinforcement to work in tension.
  • 3. Method according to claim 2, further comprising wedging the solid wires of the reinforcement collectively into an anchoring jaw assembly.
Priority Claims (1)
Number Date Country Kind
99 11515 Sep 1999 FR
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a divisional application of U.S. Pat. No. 09/831,840, filed on May 15, 2001, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,560,807 which is 371 of PCT/FR00/02509 filed Sep. 12, 2000, which is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety. The present invention relates to the field of reinforcements used in building work structures.

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