Calcineurin regulatable adenylate cyclase

The present invention relates to the control of cellular metabolic process by adenylate cyclase.
Cells of multi-cellular organisms may be metabolically affected by external factors, which are usually chemical. Hormones are a well-known example of such chemical factors. Generally the external chemical factors interact with a specific receptor located on the membrane of the targeted cell. The binding event of the factor to its receptor may induce alterations in cellular metabolism via a "secondary messenger" mediator.
One of the key "secondary messengers" is cyclic AMP (cAMP) (see Sutherland, Science 177:401-407 (1972)). Cyclic AMP is produced from ATP through the action of an enzyme, adenylate cyclase. It is now known that adenylate cyclase activity may be affected by a factor/receptor binding event transmitted through an associated G protein.
Alteration of the intracellular concentration of cAMP affects many cellular reactions. For example, an increase in cAMP intracellular concentration stimulates the activity of protein kinases (enzymes that transfer terminal phosphate groups from ATP to specific sites on targeted proteins). The action of the protein kinases changes the activity or function of its substrate.
For a general review of cAMP and secondary messenger systems reference is made to "Molecular Cell Biology", Darnell et al, 1986, Chapter 16, incorporated herein by reference.
Further investigations of cAMP as a secondary messenger revealed that an alteration in cAMP intracellular concentration was caused by the interaction of several different external factors with their distinct receptors. Further, it was found that different receptors were associated with their own particular G-protein intermediary which was itself associated with adenylate cyclase. More recent investigations have shown that there are in fact different types (isoenzymes) of adenylate cyclase, which display considerable regulatory diversity.
To date eight distinct isoenzymes of adenylate cyclase have been identified and described in the literature. The complete cDNA sequences are known for isoenzymes types 1 to 8. A review of the current understanding and knowledge of the known adenylate cyclase isoenzymes is set out in Pieroni et al, Current Opinion in Neurobiology 3:345-351 (1993); Kerwin Jr in Annual Reports in Medicinal Chemistry, Section VI, Chapter 29, Pages 287-295 (ed Venuti), (1994) and Premont, Methods in Enzymology 238:116-127 (1994).
A summary of the regulation of the known isoenzymes of adenylate cyclase is set out below in Table 1.
TABLE 1______________________________________ cAMPIsoenzyme Regulated by concentration______________________________________1 Ca.sup.2+ /CaM .uparw. .beta. .gamma. dimer .dwnarw.2 G.sub.xi + PKC .uparw. .beta. .gamma. dimer .uparw. PKC .uparw.3 Ca.sup.2+ /CaM .uparw.4 .beta. .gamma. dimer .uparw.5 Ca.sup.2+ .dwnarw.6 Ca.sup.2+ .dwnarw.______________________________________ CaM = calmodulin PCK = protein Kinase C
It has now been found, for the first time, that the protein phosphatase calcineurin regulates an adenylate cyclase isoenzyme.
It has further now been found that the isoenzyme regulated by calcineurin is a novel previously uncharacterised adenylate cyclase isoenzyme. The novel isoenzyme of the present invention was originally referred to as adenylate cyclase 10 (AC10), but a review of nomenclature has now caused the novel adenylate cyclase to be referred to as adenylate cyclase 9 (AC9). To avoid confusion with the different isoenzyme known before the nomenclature revision as "adenylate cyclase 9", the novel adenylate cyclase of the present invention will herein simply be referred to as "AC".
The nucleotide sequence encoding for AC has been identified, cloned and sequenced (see Example 2). The nucleotide sequence encoding for AC is given in SEQ ID No 1. The sequence is also accessible in the Genbank.TM. database under accession No. MMU30602 and in the EMBL database under accession No. Z50190.
The present invention therefore provides a polypeptide encoded by the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID No 1 or as set out in SEQ ID No 2 (or functional equivalents or parts of those sequences).
The term "functional equivalents" is used herein to refer to any modified version of a nucleotide or polypeptide which retains the basic function of its unmodified form. As an example, it is well-known that certain alterations in amino acid or nucleic acid sequences may not affect the polypeptide encoded by that molecule or the function of the polypeptide. It is also possible for deleted versions of a molecule to perform a particular function as well as the original molecule. Even where an alteration does affect whether and to what degree a particular function is performed, such altered molecules are included within the term "functional equivalent" provided that the function of the molecule is not so deleteriously affected as to render the molecule useless for its intended purpose.
Whilst we do not wish to be bound to theoretical considerations, it is believed that calcineurin regulates AC by removal of phosphate group(s) required for the active form of the enzyme. Thus, the adenylate cyclase activity of AC is believed to decrease in the presence of calcineurin.
In a further aspect, therefore, the present invention provides the use of calcineurin in the regulation of adenylate cyclase activity, in particular in the regulation of AC.
The activity of calcineurin is itself enhanced by the presence of Ca.sup.2+ ions and further enhanced by the additional presence of calmodulin.
In a further aspect, the present invention provides an adenylate cyclase isoenzyme, the activity of which can be regulated by calcineurin.
Desirably the calcineurin regulatable adenylate cyclase isoenzyme is encoded by the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID No 1, functional equivalents or parts thereof.
In a yet further aspect, the present invention provides a polynucleotide comprising a sequence derived from the sequence set out in SEQ ID No 1 or a part thereof.
The phrase "derived from" includes identical and complementary copies of the sequence of SEQ ID No 1, whether of RNA or DNA and whether in single or double-stranded form. The phrase "derived from" further includes sequences with alterations which (due to the degeneracy of the genetic code) do not affect the amino acid sequence of the polypeptide expressed, as well as sequences modified by deletions, additions or replacements of nucleotide(s) which cause no substantial deleterious affection to function (including the function of the polypeptide expressed).
The polynucleotide of the present invention includes all recombinant constructs comprising a nucleotide sequence of the invention as defined above. Such recombinant constructs may be designed to express only part of AC. The constructs may include expression control sequence(s) which differ to the control sequence(s) naturally adjoining the AC gene. Optionally, the construct may include a non-AC protein encoding region. Thus the recombinant construct includes constructs encoding for chimeric proteins, which comprise at least part of AC or a functional equivalent thereof.
In a particular embodiment, the present invention provides a vector (such as a cloning or expression vector) which comprises a recombinant construct as defined above. Vectors include conventional cloning and expression plasmids for bacterial and yeast host cells as well as virus vectors such as vaccinia, which may be useful for expression in eukaryotic cell lines. Such a vector may be used to transform a suitable host cell (either for cloning or expression purposes) and the transformed host cell also forms a further aspect of the present invention. If the vector produced is comprised only in part of a nucleotide sequence derived from SEQ ID No 1 it may be appropriate to select a host cell type which is compatible with the vector. Mention may be made of prokaryotic host cells such as E coli as well as eukaryotic host cells, including yeasts, algae and fish, insect or mammalian cells in culture. Insect cells may be especially useful where a baculovirus expression system is used. Suitable host cells will be known to those skilled in the art.
As a general reference to genetic engineering techniques, mention may be made of Sambrook, Fritsch, Maniatis, in "Molecular Cloning, a Laboratory Manual", Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y., 1989; and also to Old and Primrose "Principles of Genetic Manipulation", 5th edition, 1994.
In particular cell lines derived from the human embryonic kidney cell line 293 (HEK293) have been generated and stably express AC. Briefly, the cells were transfected with pcDNA3 containing the full length AC DNA (clone JP 173--see Example 3) and cells were selected on the basis of resistance to G418 antibiotic (0.8 mg/ml) for 4 weeks. Individual clones of resistant cells were expanded and tested for cAMP production in response to CRF and the effects of immunosuppressants were also examined. At least three cell lines exhibited cAMP production in response to CRF which was enhanced by both cyclosporin A and FK506. In the case of FK506, this effect is blocked by L-685,818. Furthermore, the accumulation of cAMP in the presence of inhibitors of phosphodiesterase is about 10-fold higher than in wild type HEK293 cells. This latter finding suggests that the transfected cyclase is. constitutively active and thus may be a mutant of the wild type enzyme.
In a yet further aspect, the present invention provides regulators of AC. Such regulators may act directly on AC itself, and may include (but are not limited to) calcineurin and antibodies specific to AC, or may affect production of AC, including (for example) antisense oligonucleotides (which prevent expression of the AC gene by binding to a portion of DNA preventing transcription and/or by binding to the mRNA preventing translation), and agents which bind to receptors and thus affect the activity of AC, for example .beta.-adrenergic agonists and .beta.-adrenergic antagonists. As .beta.-adrenergic agonists mention may be made of salbutamol, clenbuterol, fenoterol and the like, whereas suitable .beta.-adrenergic antagonists include propranolol.
Antibodies (including monoclonal antibodies) specific to AC may be produced using conventional immunological techniques.
In a yet further aspect, the present invention provides a method of regulating cellular metabolism, wherein said method comprises altering the activity or amount of AC. For example, the activity or amount of AC may be influenced by the regulators described above. Alternatively, for example, the amount of AC could be controlled through genetic manipulation of the genome, by providing agents that affect transcription and/or translation of the AC gene.
The distribution of AC varies between different tissues or cell types and it is postulated that the intracellular concentration of AC may fluctuate as a result of expression control of the AC gene in response to particular stimuli.
Studies of AC distribution in tissues suggest that it is prominently present in skeletal muscle and heart (FIG. 17). Its likely function in these tissues is the coordination between contraction and metabolic demand. Intracellular calcium ions promote contraction, and cAMP promotes glycogenolysis. Feedback of calcium ions on cAMP synthesis would delimit the accumulation of calcium and ensure that the contractions are no longer than what can be metabolically tolerated by the cells. In this respect it is plausible that the levels of cyclase will be regulated by the trophic state of the muscle such as that seen in the training of sportsmen and animals such as racing horses. Thus the measurement of AC levels by means of specific probes would constitute a means of predicting optimal regulation of contraction and metabolism of nutrients.
Thus for example AC may be present at abnormal levels in certain disease states or conditions. Mention may be made in this regard of neurological-based disorders (for example Parkinson's disease, epilepsy), psychiatrically-based disorders (for example, anxiety, major depression disorder, mania, schizophrenia, obsessive-compulsive disorder, Tourette's Syndrome and related tics) endocrine-based disorders (for example Cushing's Syndrome and disease, Nelson's Syndrome, Cohn's Syndrome, glucocorticoid resistance, Graves' disease (thyrotoxicosis) with or without exophthalmia, hyper and hypothyroidism; hyperprolactinaemia and its effects); hypertrophy of the prostate; cardiovascular-based disorders (for example, angina pectoris, cardiac infarction, hypertension (benign and malignant)), pregnancy-based disorders (for example, recurrent spontaneous abortion, pre-eclampsia and eclampsia) respiratory-based disorders (for example, asthma, bronchitis, chronic bronchitis emphysema and cor pulmonale), bone-based disorders (for example, hyperparathyroidism, osteomalacia, Paget's disease, osteoporosis), promotion of bone healing, kidney-based disorders (for example, acute and chronic glomerular nephritis, Albright's Syndrome--or the McCune Albright's Syndrome), gut-based disorders (for example, ulcerative colitis, irritable bowel, Crohn's disease, Hirschssprung's disease), tumours (benign and malignant), especially ovarian tumours and prostate tumours, and in the control or promotion of fertility. AC has been found to be of greater prevalence in the brain (in particular the cortex, striatum and hippocampus regions of the brain), in the ovaries and in the lungs.
Finally, substances developed to regulate the activity of this cyclase may be useful as improvers of metabolic balance in ischemic heart muscle and syndromes of skeletal muscle atrophy.
In a further aspect, therefore, the present invention provides a method of treating such conditions by control of AC activity. An example of such control could be the design of compounds that mimic the steric conformation of amino acids in positions 503 to 610, especially 503 to 570, of SEQ ID No 2 which may function as a calcineurin binding-site.
The amino acid sequence of AC has been analysed (see Example 3 and SEQ ID No 2 for further details) and a domain corresponding to the immunophilin protein FKBP12 (which potently inhibits calcineurin) has been located in residues 594 to 611. The sequence similarity strongly suggests that this is the calcineurin binding site.
Other adenylyl cyclases were also examined for potential sequence similarities with the FKPB12 and 13 proteins as described in Example 3. A summary of the findings is shown in FIG. 15. Briefly, all of the known adenylyl cyclase sequences appear to show significant similarity with FKBPs in the area that corresponds to the junction of the Cl.alpha. and Cl.beta. domains (see Example 3 for nomenclature). As shown in FIG. 16 the alignments of individual cyclases with FKBP12 are distinct i.e. different portions of the Cl.alpha. high homology region are part of the FKBP like sequence. These alignments are possible because of modular repeats in the cyclase amino acid sequence in this region. The guiding motif for these alignments is the requirement of the presence of an "80s" loop of FKBP12 in a homologous position in the cyclase "FKBP like" sequence (Yang et al, (1993) Journal of the American Chemical Society 115:819-820). It is of note for instance, that ACtype1, a calcium activated adenylyl cyclase contains a significant portion (sequence: FGPLI) of the 80s loop of FKBP12 which is essential for the interaction with calcineurin (Yang et al, 1993 supra).
Taken together with the current knowledge on the regulation of ACtype1 it appears that the Cl.alpha.-Cl.beta. junction domain is an important regulatory site of adenylyl cyclase activity. It is proposed that all adenylyl cyclases are regulated by tightly associated calcineurin bound in this region. This association may eventually prove to be dependent on calcium ions. It is also of note that there are potential protein kinase A, CAM kinase II and casein kinase II phosphorylation sites in this area in most adenylyl cyclases, which could be substrates of calcineurin and/or may influence the avidity of association of calcineurin with the cyclases.
The FKBP12 like domain (residues 594-611) of mouse AC has been expressed as a Glutathione-S-transferase (GST) fusion protein in the expression vector pGEX-2T (Pharmacia). The cyclase portion of this fusion protein can be phosphorylated by cAMP dependent protein kinase and dephosphorylated in a calcium dependent manner by calcineurin. These data support the notion that the region of the cyclase described here is a clacineurin binding site and contains phosphorylated amino acids that are substrates for calcineurin.
Data recently published show a remarkable similarity between a phosphorylation site for myotonic dystrophy protein kinase on the .beta.-subunit of the L type skeletal muscle calcium channel (Timchenko et al, (1995) Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 92:5366-5370) and the FKBP-like domain of AC as shown below (wherein * shows amino acid identity and .vertline. shows functionally conservative subsitutions):
______________________________________IDDSRESSGPR AC.sub.594-604 (SEQ ID NO: 4).vertline..vertline. .cndot..cndot. .cndot..cndot. .vertline..vertline.LRQSRLSSS-K calcium channel (SEQ ID NO: 3) .beta.-subunit.sub.176-185______________________________________
In addition, it has been reported that the calcium .beta.-subunit is selectively dephosphorylated by calcineurin (Lai et al. (1993) Journal of Neurochemistry 61:1333-1339). It is therefore likely that Ser.sub.600 or Ser.sub.601 in AC may be phosphorylated by myotonic dystrophy protein kinase and dephosphorylated by calcineurin. Abnormalities in this process may occur in myotonic dystrophy and contribute to the symptoms of this hereditary disorder, especially with respect to the pathological changes of brain, muscle, heart and anterior pituitary function.
In a yet further aspect, the present invention also provides a diagnostic assay, to determine the presence and/or the amount of AC within a sample, said method comprising contacting an agent specific to AC with said sample and determining the presence and/or amount of complex formed. The agent may be, for example, an anti-sense oligonucleotide which is complementary to the mRNA of AC. Alternatively, the agent may be an antibody specific to AC, or may be calcineurin.
In a preferred embodiment the diagnostic agent is immobilised on a support, for example a membrane.
Further, it is also preferred that a labelling moiety is present in the assay, so that measurement of the agent/AC complex is simplified.

The present invention will now be further described with reference to the following examples and with references to the accompanying figures in which:
FIG. 1
Effect of FK506, cyclosporin A (CsA) and MeVal.sup.4 -cyclosporin A (MeVal.sup.4 CsA) (SDZ202-384) on cAMP accumulation induced by 10 nmol/l CRF in AtT20 cells in the presence of 0.5 nmol/l isobutylmethylxanthine. Basal cAMP production was 0.6.+-.0.08 pmol/well. Data are means.+-.SEM, expressed as percentage of the increment caused by 10 nmol/l CRF which was 6.1 pmol/well.
FIGS. 2A and B
A: Effect of cyclosporin A on the time-course of basal and CRF-induced cAMP formation. Data are from a representative of 2 experiments. Means.+-.SEM, n=3 for CRF treated groups (o=10 nmol/l CRF+vehicle, .circle-solid.=CRF+1 .mu.mol/l cyclosporin A) and n=1 for basal (.DELTA.=vehicle, .tangle-solidup.=cyclosporin A), 0.5 mmol/l IBM, 0.1 mM rolipram and cyclosporin A were given as pre-treatment for 30 minutes at 37.degree. C. before the application of 3 nM CRF for 10 minutes at 24.degree. C. *P<0.05 compared with respective control group (one way ANOVA followed by orthogonal contrasts).
B: Dependence of the effect of 1 .mu.mol/l FK506 on CRF-induced cAMP formation in the presence of 0.5 mM IBMX. FK506 and IBMX are given as for FIG. 2A. Data are means.+-.SEM, n=4-6/group. (.quadrature.=FK506 group, .DELTA.=control group) * P<0.05 compared with respective vehicle treated group (one-way ANOVA followed by orthogonal contrasts).
FIGS. 3A and B
A: The effect of L685,818 on the enhancement of CRF-induced cAMP formation by FK506. Data are means.+-.SEM, the cAMP level in the presence of 10 nmol/l CRF taken as 100% was 12 pmol/well*10 minutes, basal levels were 1.6 pmol/well*10 minutes.
B: The effect of L685,818 on the inhibition of calcineurin activity by 1 .mu.mol/l FK506 in AtT20 cells. Calcineurin activity was measured by the phosphocasein method, the activity measured in the absence of FK506 was taken as 100%.
FIG. 4
Effects of various manipulations that reduce intracellular free calcium concentration on CRF-induced cAMP accumulation in AtT20 cells. IBMX 0.5 mmol/l present throughout. All data are expressed as the percentage of CRF-induced cAMP-formation, means.+-.SEM, n=4/group.
EGTA: cells exposed to 2 mmol/l EGTA in calcium free medium during the preincubation period; nimodipine: cells exposed to 1 .mu.mol/l nimodipine during preincubation period;
BAPTA-AM: cells incubated in 20 .mu.mol/l [1,2-bis-(o-Aminophenoxy)-ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid tetra-(acetoxymethyl)-ester] during the preincubation period.
FIG. 5
Effect of FK506 on the inhibition of CRF-induced cAMP accumulation by extracellular calcium ions in AtT20 cells. Cells were depleted of calcium by preincubation in 2 mmol/l EGTA, calcium free medium, containing 5 .mu.mol/l A23187 and 5 .mu.mol/l nimodipine, and graded amounts of CaCl.sub.2 were added with 10 nmol/l CRF. The values on the abscissa give the nominal free extracellular calcium ion concentration. Data are means.+-.SEM, n=6/group.
FIG. 6
Effect of pertussis toxin (1 .mu.g/ml for 18 hours) on the modulation of CRF-induced cAMP formation by FK506 and somatostatin. AtT20 cells were preincubated with FK506 or somatostatin for 30 minutes. IBMX (0.5 mmol/l) present throughout. Data are means.+-.SEM, n=6/group.
FIGS. 7A and B
A: FK506 (0.5 .mu.mol/l) on basal and CRF-induced ACTH secretion in AtT20 cells.
B: Antagonism of the effect of FKS06 (0.5 .mu.mol/l) on CRF-induced ACTH release by L685,818, which had no effect on basal ACTH secretion in this system even at 5 .mu.mol/l. n=4/group, means.+-.SEM.
In panel A the values for basal and CRF-stimulated ACTH release taken as 100% were 15.+-.1 and 22 .+-.1 fmol/well*30 minutes, respectively.
FIG. 8
Comparison of the sequence amplified from AtT20 cell RNA using primer set B SEQ ID NO: 64, with the corresponding sequences with other adenylyl cyclases found in current databases (EMBL, GenBank, SwissProt(SEQ ID NO: 64 to 65)). The numbers relate to the amino acid sequence of rabbit ACtype5 (ocmradcyv(SEQ ID NO: 60)). The sequence is annotated by .circle-solid. showing amino acid identity of the novel sequence with at least one previously reported AC, .smallcircle. shows funtionally conservative substitutions,--denotes non-conservative subsitutions.
Abbreviations and Sequence Identification Numbers
hum7--Human ACtype7 (GenBank #D25538 (SEQ ID NO: 48));
mmu12919--mouse ACtype7 (SEQ ID NO: 49 );
cya2.sub.-- rat--rat ACtype2; (SEQ ID NO: 50)
cya4.sub.-- rat--rat ACtype4; (SEQ ID NO: 51)
hsadencyr8--Human ACtype8; (SEQ ID NO: 52)
ratacviii--rat ACtype8; (SEQ ID NO: 53)
a46187--human ACtype5; (SEQ ID NO: 54)
cya6.sub.-- mouse--mouse ACtype6; (SEQ ID NO: 55);
a49201--mouse ACtype5; (SEQ ID NO: 56)
cya6.sub.-- rat--rat ACtype6; (SEQ ID NO: 57)
cya6.sub.-- canfa--dog ACtype6; (SEQ ID NO: 58)
s29717--rat ACtype5; (SEQ ID NO: 59)
ocmradcyv--rabbit ACtype5; (SEQ ID NO: 60)
cya5.sub.-- canfa--dog ACtype5; (SEQ ID NO: 61)
cya1.sub.-- bovin--bovine ACtype1; (SEQ ID NO: 62);
cya3.sub.-- rat--rat ACtype3; (SEQ ID NO: 63)
AC--AtT20 derived new sequence, ie AC (SEQ ID NO: 64)
FIG. 9
Pileup analysis of adenylyl cyclase sequences found in the EMBL and GenBank data bases.
______________________________________Abbreviations:legend on dendrogram adenylyl cyclase isoform______________________________________hum7 Human type 7 GenBank #D25538;mmu12919 mouse type 7;cya2.sub.-- rat rat type 2;cya4.sub.-- rat rat type 4;cya5.sub.-- canfa dog type 5;cyas.sub.-- rabit rabbit type 5;s29717 rat type 5;cya6.sub.-- mouse mouse type 6;cya1.sub.-- bovin bovine type 1;ratacviii rat type 8;cya3.sub.-- rat rat type 3;Ac mouse AC 9, ie AC.______________________________________
FIG. 10
Hydrophobicity plot of AC according to Kyte et al (1982) J Mol Biol 157:105. The numbers show predicted intramembrane domains.
FIGS. 11A-D
Functional analysis of cloned AC in transfected host cells
Levels of cAMP in transiently transfected HEK293 (a-c) and COS7 (d) in the presence of phosphodiesterase inhibitors (1 mmol/l isobutylmethylxanthine) and 0.1 mmol/l rolipram). Data shown are means.+-.SEM, n=4/group. Representative data from two similar series of experiments.
(a) HEK293 cells transfected with vector cDNA and pretreated with 0.2% (v/v) ethanol (empty columns) or 2 .mu.mol/l FK506 (striped columns) before being challenged with 0.5 nmol/l CRF.
(b) as (a) except with cells transfected with AC (Data are means.+-.SEM, n=4/group. *P<0.05 when compared with the respective vehicle-treated group, 1-way ANOVA, followed by Newman-Keuls test).
(c) The effect of FK506 on CRF-induced cAMP production was analysed further in (c). The enhancement of the CRF-induced cAMP response by FK506 was blocked by the FK506 antagonist drug L-685,818 (100 .mu.mol/l) (Dumont et al, (1992) J. Exp. Med. 176:751-760), which had no effect on CRF-induced cAMP formation when given alone. It did, however, similarly to FK506, increase the unstimulated levels of cAMP to 3-fold above basal (not shown). *P<0.05 when compared with the vehicle treated group, 1-way ANOVA, followed by Newman-Keuls test.
(d) Application of cyclosporin A, another calcineurin blocking immunosuppressant enhanced the cAMP response to 1 nmol/l CRF in COS7 cells transfected with AC (*P<0.05, when compared with the vehicle-treated group).
FIGS. 12A-C
An FKBP-like domain in AC
(A) Schematic drawing of the predicted structure of AC, nomenclature as suggested by Gilman and coworkers (Taussig et al, (1995) J. Biol. Chem. 270:1-4). N=N-terminal intracellular loop; M1 and M2=membrane spanning segments; C1.alpha. and C2.alpha. (thick line)=the highly conserved, putative catalytic cyclase domains; C1.beta. and C2.beta.=the non-conserved, putative regulatory domains of the intracellular loops.
(B) AC.sub.(503-610 (SEQ ID NO: 65) shows approximately 40% overall sequence similarity with FK506 binding-protein 12 (FKBP12). Residue numbers in the top row correspond to AC, in the bottom row to mammalian FKBP12s. A dot indicates sequence identity between AC and at least one of the FKBPs. Vertical lines denote conserved substitutions which were defined as 1) C 2) S T P A G 3) N D E Q 4) H R K 5) M I L V 6) F Y W (see Krupinski et al, (1989) Science 244:1558-1564).
yst=Saccharomyces cerevisiae, hum=human, mus=mouse, ncr=Neurospora crassa.
(C) Alignment of the C1.alpha. and C1.beta. junction region of known mammalian adenylyl cyclase isotypes (SEQ ID NO: 70 to 78). The underlined region in bovACtp1 (SEQ ID NO: 70 ) corresponds to 24 residues of the 28 amino acid residue putative calmodulin binding site (495-522) (Vorherr et al, (1993) Biochemistry (U.S.A.) 32:6081-6088; and Wu et al, (1993) J. Biol. Chem. 286:23766-23768), bov=bovine. Abbreviations as for FIG. 15.
FIG. 13
Northern analysis of AtT20-cell, HEK293-cell and mouse striatal RNA
.sup.32 P-labelled cDNA probes derived from the AC sequence were used. Note approximately 9 kb band in AtT20 cells that hybridizes with both probes. A similar size RNA species is also intensively hybridizing in mouse striatal RNA and a weak, barely discernible band is found in HEK293 cells. The relative hybridisation intensities (average of the two lanes) with probe jp 164 were: AtT20 2.1; HEK293 0.3; mouse striatum 1.4.
FIG. 14
Localisation of AC mRNA in mouse brain
AC mRNA detected by a .sup.35 S-CTP labelled antisense ribonucleic acid probe derived from plasmid JP142 in (A) the hippocampus (pyramidal cell layer of CA1-CA4(a) and of the subiculum (b), granule cells in dentate gyrus (c) and in various parts of the cereral cortex (posterior cingulate cortex indicated by (d)). (B) .sup.35 S-CTP-sense RNA probe control.
Magnification: 25.times..
FIG. 15
An alignment of adenylyl cyclases with FKBPs (SEQ ID NO: 79 to 86).
.circle-solid. indicates identity; .vertline. indicates conserved substitution in at least one of the FKBPs. Conserved substitutions are defined as
1) C
2) STPAG
3) NDEQ
4) HRK
5) MILV
6) FYW
Abbreviations and Sequence Identification Numbers______________________________________YeastFKBP12 Yeast FKBP12 (SEQ ID NO: 79)humFKBP12 human FKBP12 (SEQ ID NO: 80)musFKBP12 mouse FKBP12 (SEQ ID NO: 81)NcrFKBP12 Neurospora crassa FKBP 12 (SEQ ID NO: 83)humFKBP13 human FKBP13 (SEQ ID NO: 84)fkb2.sub.-- hum human FKBP13 precursor (SEQ ID NO: 85)fkb2.sub.-- yeast yeast FKBP13 (SEQ ID NO: 86)bovACtp1 bovine adenylyl cyclase type 1ratACtp3 rat adenylyl cyclase type 3ratActp8 rat adenylyl cyclase type 8rutabaga drosophila calmodulin activated adenylyl cyclaseratACtp5 rat adenylyl cyclase type 5ACtp5sp1 dog adenylyl cyclase type 5 splice variantratACtp6 rat adenylyl cyclase type 6musAC mouse adenylyl cyclase type 9 (AC)ratACtp2 rat adenylyl cyclase type 2ratACtp4 rat adenylyl cyclase type 4musACtp7 mouse adenylyl cyclase type 7humACtp7 human adenylyl cyclase type 7______________________________________
FIG. 16
Illustrates cyclases extracted from their alignments with FKBPs.
Abbreviations and Sequence Identification Numbers
1. bovine adenylyl cyclase type 1 (SEQ ID NO: 87)
2. rat adenylyl cyclase type 3 (SEQ ID NO: 88)
3. rat adenylyl cyclase type 8 (SEQ ID NO: 89)
4. drosophila calmodulin activated adenylyl cyclase (SEQ ID NO: 90 )
5. rat adenylyl cyclase type 5 (SEQ ID NO: 91)
6. dog adenylyl cyclase type 5 splice variant (SEQ ID NO: 92)
7. rat adenylyl cyclase type 6 (SEQ ID NO: 93)
8. mouse adenylyl cyclase type 9 ie AC (SEQ ID NO: 94)
9. rat adenylyl cyclase type 2 (SEQ ID NO: 95)
10. rat adenylyl cyclase type 4 (SEQ ID NO: 96)
11. rat adenylyl cyclase type 7 (SEQ ID NO: 97)
FIG. 17
Illustrates the relative hybridisation intensity in different tissues, showing the distribution of AC mRNA in mouse, as measured by RNase protection assay.

EXAMPLE 1
Calcineurin Feedback Inhibition of Agonist Evoked cAMP Formation
Introduction
The major immunosuppressant compounds cyclosporin A and FK506 are potent blockers of the Ca.sup.2+ /calmodulin-regulated protein phosphatase calcineurin (protein phosphatase 2B) in leukocytes (Liu et al, (1991) Cell 66:807-815). This observation has led to the discovery that calcineurin is an essential element of the signal transduction pathway activated by the T-cell receptor (Schreiber (1992) Cell 70:365-368 and Sigal et al, (1992) Ann. Rev. Immunol. 10:519-560). Immunophilins, which are proteins that mediate the effects of immunosuppressants on calcineurin activity in lymphocytes (Schreiber (1992) Cell 70:365-368) have been identified in the brain (Steiner et al, (1992) Nature 358:584-586) providing the plausible molecular targets of the prominent neurological side-effects of FK506 and cyclosporin A (Frank et al, (1993) Transplantation Proceeding 25:1887-1888 and Reyes et al, (1990) Transplantation 50:10434-1081).
While calcineurin is highly abundant in the brain (0.5-1% of total protein) (Klee et al, (1988) Advances in Enzymology 61:149-200) its functions in excitable cells remain to be defined. Calcineurin has been implicated in the control of voltage regulated ion channel activity (Armstrong, (1989) Trends in Neurosciences 12:117-122), particularly with respect to L-type calcium channels (Lai et al, (1993) J. Neurochem. 61:1333-1339). More recent studies have shown that the synaptic vesicular protein dynamin, which is thought to participate in synaptic vesicle recycling in nerve endings, is a prominent substrate for calcineurin (Liu et al, (1994) Science 265:970-973). Furthermore, blockage of calcineurin by immunosuppressants enhanced glutamate release by synaptosomes prepared from rat brain and this appeared to correlate with the state of phosphorylation of dynamin (Nichols et al, (1994) J. Biol. Chem. 269:23817-23823).
With respect to secretory function in other systems, it has been reported (Antoni et al, (1993) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 194:226-233) that immunosuppressants block calcineurin activity in pituitary corticotrope tumour (AtT20) cells and stimulate Ca.sup.2+ -dependent hormone release in correlation with their calcineurin blocking activity. Cyclic AMP (cAMP) is a cardinal signalling molecule in pituitary corticotrophs that causes an increase of intracellular free Ca.sup.2+ ([Ca.sup.2+ ].sub.i) and triggers the release of adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) (Antoni, (1986) Endocr. Rev. 7:351-378). Because ([Ca.sup.2+ ].sub.i is known to inhibit cAMP formation in a variety of systems (Cooper et al, (1993) Trends Pharm. Sci. 14:34-36) we have analyzed in AtT20 cells the effects of FK506 and cyclosporin A on cAMP production induced by the hypothalamic neuropeptide corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) and beta-adrenergic stimulation.
Experimental Procedures
AtT20 D16:16 mouse anterior pituitary tumour cells were maintained in culture as previously described (Woods et al, (1992) Endocrinology 131:2873-2880). For measurements of ACTH release, cAMP production or calcineurin activity the cells were plated on 24-well tissue culture plates (5.times.10.sup.4 cells/well), used 4-6 days afterwards. ACTH (Woods et al, (1992) Endocrinology 131:2873-2880) and cAMP (Dufau et al, (1973) Endocrinology 92:6-11) were measured by specific radioimmunoassays. Calcineurin protein phosphatase activity was determined by the .sup.32 P-labelled casein assay (Tallant et al, (1984) Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 232:269-279) or by using the .sup.32 P-labelled RII peptide substrate (Blumenthal et al, (1986) J. Biol. Chem. 261:8140-8145) adapted to measure calcineurin phosphatase activity in AtT20 cell extracts as previously described (Antoni et al, (1993) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 194:226-233).
Experiments for cAMP were all carried out in Hanks balanced salt solution containing 2 mM CaCl, and 1 mM MgSO.sub.4 buffered with 25 mM HEPES pH 7.4 and supplemented with 0.25% (w/v) of bovine serum albumin. The cells were preincubated in serum free medium for 1 hour, after which blockers of phosphosdiesterase (isobutylmethylxanthine 0.5 mM (IBMX) and/or rolipram 0.1 mM) along with various other treatments were applied for 30 minutes at 37.degree. C. Subsequently the cells were cooled to 22.degree. C. for 5 minutes in a water bath and agonists were added for 10 minutes. The reaction was stopped by the addition of 0.2 mol/l HCl to achieve a final concentration of 0.1 mol/l (Brooker et al, (1979) Adv. in Cyclic Nucl. Res. Vol. 10, G. Brooker, P. Greengard and G. A. Robinson, Raven Press, New York, 2-34). In the absence of phosphodiesterase blockers agonist-induced changes of total cAMP content (cells+medium) were small (2-3 fold of basal) and no increment of intracellular cAMP could be detected (Woods et al, (1992) Endocrinology 131:2873-2880). In the presence of IBMX total cAMP content increased linearly with time up to 10 minutes after the addition of CRF and remained constant for up to 20 minutes. In contrast, cellular cAMP content peaked between 2-5 minutes and subsequently declined to basal levels even in the presence of the phosphodiesterase blockers. Hence, after establishing that immunosuppressant drugs had the same effect on peak cellular and total cAMP content under these conditions, all experiments shown here report total cAMP content.
In some experiments cells were preincubated for 30 minutes in medium containing 2 mmol/l EGTA and no added Ca.sup.2+, supplemented with 5.mu.mol/l A23187 and 2.5 .mu.mol/l nifedipine in order to deplete rapidly mobilized cellular stores of Ca.sup.2+. This treatment also ensured that L-type Ca.sup.2+ channels, the principal avenue of voltage-regulated Ca.sup.2+ influx in AtT20 cells (Luini et al, (1985) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 82:8034-8038; Reisine et al, (1987) Mol. Pharmacol. 32:488-496 and Antoni et al, (1992) J. Endocrinol. 133:R13-R16) were fully blocked and Ca.sup.2+ subsequently added to the extracellular fluid would enter largely through the pores made by the ionophore A23187. The rationale for this pretreatment is that calcineurin reportedly influences L-channel activity (Lai et al, (1993) J. Neurochem. 61:1333-1339; and Armstrong et al, (1987) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 84:2518-2522), whereas the treatment regimen used here would make Ca.sup.2+ entry independent of this regulation.
Immunosuppressant analogues (FK506, courtesy of Fujisawa Ltd, Osaka, Japan; cyclosporin A and SDZ 220-384 (MeVal.sup.4 -cyclosporin A) (Fliri, H. (1993) Antibiotics and antiviral compounds, Chemical synthesis and modification K. Krohn, H. Kirst And H. Maasg, VCN Verlagsgesellschaft mbH, Weinheim, 229-240), courtesy of Sandoz Pharma, Basel, Switzerland, L685,818 (Dumont et al, (1992) J. Exp. Med. 176:751-760) courtesy of Merck&Co, Rahway, N.J.) were also applied during the preincubation period. These compounds were made up in ethanol at 10.sup.-3 mol/l and diluted with the incubation medium to the desired final concentrations. In some cases cells were preincubated with L685,818 the structural analogue of FK506 that binds to FKBP-12 and inhibits prolyl-isomerase activity but is devoid of immunosuppressant activity (Dumont et al, (1992) J. Exp. Med. 176:751-760) for 10 minutes before the addition of FK506 for 30 minutes at 37.degree. C.
Incubations for ACTH secretion were carried out as previously described (Woods et al, (1992) Endocrinology 131:2873-2880) except that the test incubation with CRF was at 22.degree. C.
Amplification and DNA Sequence Analysis of Adenylyl Cyclases cDNAs in AtT20 Cells
Total RNA was prepared from approximately 10.sup.7 cells using Trizol reagent (GIBCO, Paisley, UK) according to the manufacturer's instructions. RT-PCR was carried out using an RNA PCR kit (Perkin Elmer, Warrington, Cheshire, U.K.). Briefly, 0.8 .mu.g of total RNA was denatured at 95.degree. C. for 5 minutes then annealed with 2.5 .mu.M random hexanucleotide primers for first-strand cDNA synthesis which was carried out for 15 minutes at 42.degree. C. in a 20.mu.l reaction mixture containing 10 mM Tris.HCl, pH8.3, 50 mM KCl, 5 mM MgCl.sub.2 1 mM each dNTP, 20U RNase inhibitor and 50U MMLV reverse transcriptase. The reaction was terminated at 99.degree. C. for 5 minutes then cooled to 4.degree. C. and stored on ice. PCR was performed using degenerate oligonucleotides, either pair A or pair B corresponding to highly conserved regions within the first (pair A: 5' CTCATCGATGGIGAYTGYTAYTAYTG3'; (SEQ ID NO: 5) 3'GGCTCGAGCCAIACRTCRTAYTGCCA5' (SEQ ID NO: 6) expected product size 220 bp) and second (pair B: 5'GAAGCTTAARATIAARACIATIGGI.sup.T /.sub.A .sup.C /.sub.G IACITAYATGGC3'; 3'GGGATCCACRTTIACIGTRTTICCCCAIATRTCRTA5' (SEQ ID NO: 8) expected product size 180 bp) cytoplasmic domains of previously cloned mammalian adenylyl cyclases (Yoshimura et al, (1992) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 89:6716-6720; Krupinski et al, (1992) J. Biol. Chem. 267:24859-24862; and Gao et al, (1991) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 88:10178-10182). For PCR the reverse transcription reaction (20 .mu.l) was expanded to 100 .mu.l and contained 10 mM Tris.HCl, pH 8.3, 50 mM KCl, 2 mM MgCl.sub.2, 200 .mu.M each dNTP, 35 pmol of each primer and 2.5U Amplitaq DNA polymerase. PCR reactions were overlaid with mineral oil (Sigma, Poole, Dorset, U.K.) and denatured at 95.degree. C. for 3 minutes followed by 5 cycles (60 seconds denaturation at 94.degree. C., 60 seconds annealing/extension at 45.degree. C.) then a further 35 cycles (60 seconds denaturation at 94.degree. C., 60 seconds annealing/extension at 55.degree. C.) and finally 7 minutes annealing/extension at 55.degree. C. An aliquot (5%) of each reaction was analysed by agarose gel electrophoresis (3% FMC, Flowgen Instruments Ltd, Sittingbourne, Kent, U.K.). Products within the expected size range for each primer pair were excised from the gel, purified using a Wizard.TM. PCR Prep kit (Promega, Madison, Wis., U.S.A.) and ligated into the vector pGEM-T (Promega). Clones containing an insert of the expected size were identified and their DNA sequence determined by the dideoxynucleotide method (Sequenase 2.0 kit, USB, Amersham International, Aylesbury, U.K.).
Detection of mRNA Expression
Northern analysis was performed using standard procedures. Briefly, 10 .mu.g of total RNA was separated by formaldehyde gel electrophoresis and transferred by blotting onto positively charged nylon membrane (Appligene,) then fixed by baking at 80.degree. C. and prehybridised at 42.degree. C. for 2 hours in 50% deionised formamide, 5.times.SSPE, 0.5.times.Denhardt's, 0.1% w/v SDS, 0.2 mg/ml denatured salmon sperm carrier DNA and 10% Dextran sulphate. Random-primed labelled DNA probe (50 ng; >10.sup.9 cpm/.mu.g) was then added and hybridisation continued overnight at 42.degree. C. The membrane was washed twice for 20 minutes in 2.times.SSC/0.1% SDS, followed by 20 minutes in 1.times.SSC/0.1% SDS at 42.degree. C. and finally 20 minutes in 0.5.times.SSC/0.1% SDS at 50.degree. C. before wrapping in cling-film an exposing to autoradiographic film at -70.degree. C. Ribonuclease protection assays were performed using an RPA II kit (Ambion, AMS Biotechnology, Witney, Oxon, U.K.) according to the manufacturer's instructions. Briefly, 10 .mu.g of total RNA was hybridised overnight at 45.degree. C. to 10.sup.5 cpm of radiolabelled anti-sense riboprobe. Following hybridisation reactions were digested with single-strand-specific RNase and protected fragments resolved on a 6% denaturing polyacrylamide gel which was fixed for 30 minutes in 15% methanol/5% acetic acid, dried and exposed to autoradiographic film at -70.degree. C.
Results
Enhancement of CRF-Stimulated cAMP Production by Immunosuppressants
Immunosuppressant blockers of calcineurin activity, FK506, cyclosporin A and MeVal.sup.4 -cyclosporin A enhanced CRF-induced cAMP production in a concentration dependent manner (FIG. 1). The effect of cyclosporin A (FIG. 2) was statistically significant (P<0.05 or less) at 2, 5 and 10 minutes after the addition of CRF, similar data were also obtained with FK506. Enhancement of cAMP formation by FK506 was apparent at lower concentrations (0.1-10 nmol/l) of CRF, while the maximal response appeared unchanged (FIG. 2B).
The effect of FK506 on CRF-induced cAMP production (FIG. 3) could be antagonized by the FK506 analog L685,818, a potent inhibitor FKBP-12 prolyl isomerase activity which has no immunosuppressant activity and does not block calcineurin (Dumont et al, (1992) J. Exp. Med. 176:751-760) and hence, is a specific antagonist of the calcineurin inhibitory action of FK506. Importantly, this compound also blocked the inhibitory effect of FK506 on calcineurin-mediated dephosphorylation of phosphocasein (FIG. 3) in AtT20 cells.
Receptor-Evoked Synthesis of cAMP is Under Inhibitory Control by Intracellular Ca.sup.2+ and Calcineurin
Lowering of intracellular free Ca.sup.2+ by a variety of methods, such as depletion by EGTA and the calcium ionophore A23187, loading of the cells with the intracellular calcium chelator BAPTA-AM and blockage of calcium channels with the dihydropyridine channel blocker nimodipine, all markedly increased the cAMP response to CRF (FIG. 4). The effect of BAPTA-AM on CRF-induced cAMP formation was statistically significant (P<0.05) by 2 minutes after the addition of CRF and at all subsequent time-points studied up to 20 minutes (not shown).
Addition of graded amounts of Ca.sup.2 + with CRF to cells depleted of Ca.sup.2+ and pretreated with the ionophore A23187 produced a concentration-dependent inhibition of CRF-induced cAMP production to levels seen in non-depleted cells incubated in medium containing 2 mmol/l Ca.sup.2+. The effect of exogenous Ca.sup.2+ could be inhibited by FK506, which, in fact failed to alter cAMP accumulation in the absence of Ca.sup.2+ (FIG. 5).
Site and Specificity of Immunosuppressant Action
The effect of FK506 on CRF-induced cAMP formation was also evident after a 16 hours pretreatment of the cells with pertussis toxin (1 .mu.g/ml) (FIG. 6) which strongly suppressed inhibitory G-protein function as assessed by the attenuation of somatostatin-mediated inhibition of cAMP formation. Pertussis toxin treatment also had no effect on the suppression of CRF-induced cAMP formation by extracelluar Ca.sup.2+ in Ca.sup.2+ -depleted cells (not shown).
FK506 had no significant effect on cAMP accumulation evoked by 10 or 30 .mu.M forskolin, a drug that activates adenylyl cyclase independently of Gs. Loading of the cells with BAPTA-AM caused a small (15%), but statistically significant (P<0.05) enhancement of forskolin-evoked cAMP accumulation (not shown).
Finally, in contrast to the effects of FK506 and cyclosporin A, pretreatment with other blockers of protein phosphatases such as calyculi A (1-30 nmol/l) okadaic acid (0.2-5 .mu.mol/l), caused a concentration-dependent inhibition (up to 80%) of CRF-induced cAMP accumulation (not shown and Koch et al, (1994) Cellular Signalling 6:467-473).
Enhancement of CRF Stimulated ACTH Release by FK506
Blockage of calcineurin activity by FK506 enhanced the release of ACTH evoked by CRF (FIG. 7A), and this action was prevented by L685,818 (FIG. 7B). Note, that the apparent EC.sub.50 s of FK506 to inhibit calcineurin activity in AtT20 cells (Antoni, (1986) Endocr. Rev. 7:351-378), to stimulate ACTH release and to augment cAMP accumulation induced by CRF are all approximately 10 nM.
.beta.-adrenergic Stimulation is Under Similar Regulation by Calcineurin
Isoproterenol induces cAMP accumulation through .beta..sub.2 adrenergic receptors in AtT20 cells (Heisler et al, (1983) Biochemical And Biophysical Research Communications. 111:112-119). Isoproterenol induced cAMP formation was also enhanced by BAPTA-AM, FK506 and Ca.sup.2+ -depletion in AtT20 cells (Table 1).
Effect of Immunosuppressants on cAMP Accumulation in AtT20 Cells Correlates With the Expression of a Novel Adenylyl Cyclase mRNA
In order to determine the profile of adenylyl cyclase isoforms present in AtT20 cells two sets of degenerate oligonucleotide primers were used to analyze AtT20 cell total RNA for adenylyl cyclase related sequences by means of RT-PCR. Using primer set B a PCR product of approximately 180 bp was obtained. DNA sequence analysis revealed that approximately 8% of the subcloned 180 bp cDNA fragments amplified proved to be identical to Type 6 adenylyl cyclase. The majority (>90%), however, gave a novel sequence exhibiting a high level of homology with the amino acid sequences of known mammalian adenylyl cyclases present within current databases but which was not identical to any previously reported sequence (FIG. 8). Type 1 adenylyl cyclase was detected in AtT20 cells using primer set A.
Northern blot analysis of total RNA using the novel adenylyl cyclase 180 bp cDNA fragment as a probe indicated hybridisation to an approximately 9 kb mRNA expressed in AtT20 cells. Expression of this message was not detected in NCB20 or HEK293 cell RNA.
As a more sensitive alternative mRNA expression was also assayed by ribonuclease protection of the message using a radiolabelled anti-sense riboprobe transcribed from the novel adenylyl cyclase 180 bp cDNA. The presence of a ribonuclease-protected fragment migrating as a distinct, approximately 155 bp band on a denaturing polyacrylamide gel indicates that the novel adenylyl cyclase mRNA is highly abundant in AtT20 cells whereas only very low levels are present in NCB20 cells and in HEK293 cells the message remains undetected.
Measurements of calcineurin activity in cell extracts from all three cell lines revealed a similar sensitivity of calcineurin protein phosphatase activity (substrate RII subunit peptide Fruman et al, (1992) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 89:3686-3690) towards inhibition by FK506 and cyclosporin A. Furthermore, all three cell lines responded to stimulation by CRF which was enhanced by depletion of intracellular free calcium. FK506 and cyclosporin A enhanced CRF-induced cAMP formation consistently in AtT20 cells; in NCB20 cells only one out of 4 experiments gave a statistically significant effect of cyclosporin A on CRF-induced cAMP accumulation and no effects were observed in HEK293 cells.
Discussion
These data show that receptor-stimulated cAMP formation may be regulated by calcineurin, and that this regulation is associated with the expression of a novel adenylyl cyclase mRNA.
All studies of cAMP formation reported here were carried out in the presence of blocker(s) of phosphodiesterase (IBMX and/or rolipram), and hence the effects observed relate to the synthesis of cAMP rather than its degradation.
Evidence for the involvement of calcineurin in the control of cAMP accumulation is provided by the use of immunosuppressant analogs previously (Antoni et al, (1993) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 194:226-233; and Fliri (1993) Antibiotics and antiviral compounds, Chemical synthesis and modification K. Krohn, H. Kirst And H. Maasg, VCN Verlagsgesellschaft mbH, Weinheim, 229-240) shown to block calcineurin activity in AtT20 cells and T lymphocytes cells with the same order of potency that they influenced cAMP accumulation (present study). Furthermore, L685,818 an analogue of FK506 (Dumont et al, (1992) J. Exp. Med. 176:751-760) that binds to the prolyl-isomerase FKBP-12 in a manner similar to FK506, but does not give rise to a drug protein complex that inhibits the activity of calcineurin, reversed the effects of FK506 on calcineurin activity, cAMP formation as well as ACTH release. Importantly, when given alone L685,818 had no discernible effect on cAMP formation or ACTH secretion further suggesting that the changes observed upon treatment with FK506 are due to the inhibition of calcineurin. Finally, neither FK506 nor cyclosporin A were effective in cells depleted of Ca.sup.2+.
Taken together, these characteristics justify the conclusion that the effects of immunosuppressants described here are attributable to the inhibition of calcineurin.
The production of cAMP in AtT20 cells is under inhibitory control by [Ca.sup.2+ ].sub.i. Stimulation with cAMP is known to elicit a rise of [Ca.sup.2+ ].sub.i in these cells which is largely derived from the extracellular pool by influx through dihydropyridine sensitive Ca.sup.2+ -channels (Luini et al, (1985) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 82:8034-8038; Reisine et al, (1987) Mol. Pharmacol. 32:488-496 and Antoni et al, (1992) J. Endocrinol. 133:R13-R16), as intracellular pools of Ca.sup.2+ are sparse (Fiekers (1993) Abstracts of the 23rd Annual Meeting of the Society for Neuroscience 1186 Abst 488.3). Thus the [Ca.sup.2+ ].sub.i signal is a measure of electrical activity of the cell and in addition to triggering hormone release provides feedback inhibition to the chemical messenger system that generates it. In the case of CRF-induced cAMP formation this feedback is largely mediated by calcineurin.
Several possibilities have to be considered with respect to the site of action of Ca.sup.2+ /calcineurin in the signal transduction cascade.
An action of calcineurin at the receptor level is conceivable, however, the prevailing concept of G-protein coupled receptors (Sibley et al, (1987) Cell 48:913-922) dictates that receptor-down regulation or uncoupling is largely due to the action of protein kinases while protein phosphatases reverse this process. In contrast, the present data implicate calcineurin as an inhibitor of receptor stimulated cAMP production.
Dephosphorylation of the coupling protein Gs is also a possible site of regulation by calcineurin (Houslay (1994) GTPases in Biology B. F. Dickey and L. Birnbaumer, Springer Verlag, Berlin, Vol 108 Pt2,147-165). Once more, current evidence in the literature associates protein phosphorylation with down-regulation of G-protein function and implicates protein phosphatases in the restoration of the cellular response (Pyne et al, (1992) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 186:1081-1086; and Strassheim et al, (1994) J. Biol. Chem. 269:14307-14313).
With respect to the effector adenylyl cyclase, these proteins have lately emerged as dynamic sites of signal integration (Taussig et al, (1995) J. Biol. Chem. 270:1-4). At least two types of cyclase, Types 5 & 6 (Iyengar (1993) Advances in Second Messenger and Phosphoprotein Research B. L. Brown and P. R. M. Dobson, Raven Press Ltd, New York, 28:27-36), are inhibited by Ca.sup.2+ but the mechanism of this effect has not been elucidated (Yoshimura et al, (1992) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 89:6716-6720). The inhibition of Type 5 and 6 cyclase by Ca.sup.2+ is most marked after stimulation by agonists such as isoproterenol in chick heart cells (Yu et al, (1993) Mol. Pharmacol. 44:689-693), or VIP in GH.sub.4 C.sub.1 pituitary tumour cells (Boyajian et al, (1990) Cell Calcium 11:299-307), but much less prominent after activation with forskolin in GH.sub.4 C.sub.1 cells (Boyajian et al, (1990) Cell Calcium 11:299-307). Overall this is analogous to the observations made here, which in the first instance suggest a prominent action of calcineurin at or before the level of G-protein effector coupling. However, multiple types of adenylyl cyclase coexist in all cell types analyzed to date (Yoshimura et-al, (1992) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 89:6716-6720; DeBernardini et al, (1993) Biochem. J. 293:325-328 and Hellevuo et al, (1993) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 192:311-318) and this applies to AtT20 cells as RT-PCR analysis and sequencing of the amplified cDNAs clearly showed coexpression of at least three types of adenylyl cyclase mRNA (type 1 and 6 as well as a novel isotype). Forskolin appears to activate adenylyl cyclase isotypes by different efficacies and mechanisms (Iyengar (1993) Advances in Second Messenger and Phosphoprotein Research B. L. Brown and P. R. M. Dobson, Raven Press Ltd, New York, 28:27-36), hence the relative contribution of individual cyclase isotypes to forskolin-induced cAMP may be different from receptor activated cAMP formation, and as a result forskolin-induced cAMP synthesis and receptor activated synthesis may have different pharamcological profiles.
It is unlikely that type 1 cyclase is involved in the effects of Ca.sup.2+ and calcineurin reported here as it is invariably stimulated by Ca.sup.2, whereas the predominant effect on CRF and .beta.-adrenergic stimulation was an inhibition by Ca.sup.2+. Type 6 adenylyl cyclase could be implicated because it is strongly inhibited by Ca2+, however, although the Type 6 isozyme is abundant in NCB20 (Yoshimura et al, (1992) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 89:6716-6720) as well as HEK293 cells (Hellevuo et al, (1993) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 192:311-318) the stimulation of cAMP accumulation in these cells through endogenously expressed receptors for CRF was not altered upon blockage of calcineurin protein phosphatase activity. Importantly, the novel adenylyl cyclase homologue mRNA was undetectable in HEK293 cells and was found in very low amounts in NCB20 cells, whereas it appears to be the predominant adenylyl cyclase isotype mRNA in AtT20 cells. Work reported elsewhere (Paterson et al, 1995 submitted for publication) reports isolation of a 4473 bp cDNA from AtT20 cells which contains the complete coding sequence of this novel mouse adenylyl cyclase.
Taken together, these data suggest that the effects of calcineurin inhibitors are associated with specific adenylyl cyclase isotype previously not characterized.
The potential functional significance of calcineurin negative feedback on cAMP formation in pituitary cells is highlighted by previous findings, showing that adrenal corticosteroid inhibition of CRF-induced ACTH release involves the de novo synthesis of calmodulin, the calcium sensor regulatory protein of calcineurin (Shipston et al, (1992) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 189:1382-1388). Furthermore, the efficiency of corticosteroid inhibition is reduced by approximately 10-fold by immunosuppressant blockers of calcineurin (Shipston et al, (1994) Ann. N. Y. Acad. sci. 746:453-456; and Antoni et al, (1994) J. Physiol-London 475:137-138).
In summary, calcineurin is a Ca.sup.2+ -operated feedback inhibitor of cAMP production activated by CRF or .beta..sub.2 -adrenergic receptors in pituitary cortictrope tumour cells. As [Ca.sup.2+ ]i is largely derived through voltage-regulated Ca.sup.2+ channels in AtT20 cells, these cells exemplify a case where calcineurin functions as a link between the chemical and electrical signalling systems of the cell. These findings conform with previous reports (Armstrong (1989) Trends in Neurosciences 12:117-122; and Nichols et al, (1994) J. Biol. Chem. 269:23817-23823) suggesting that in excitable cells calcineurin is a fundamental negative feedback regulator of cellular responses as opposed to its role as a stimulatory element in non-excitable systems (Kincaid et al, (1993) Adv. Prot. Phosphatases 7:543-583). Furthermore, our findings extend the involvement of calcineurin from calcium channels and synaptic vesicle recycling to the adenylyl cyclase signalling pathway that is fundamental for intracellular signalling throughout the CNS.
Summary
The Ca.sup.2+ - and calmodulin-activated protein phosphatase calcineurin is highly abundant in the brain. While a physiological role for calcineurin has been delineated in T lymphocyte activation, little is known about its role in excitable cells. The present study investigated the effects of immunosuppressant blockers of calcineurin on agonist-induced cAMP formation and hormone release by mouse pituitary tumour (AtT20) cells. Inhibition of calcineurin with FK506 or cyclosporin A enhanced cAMP formation and adrenocorticotropin secretion induced by corticotropin releasing-factor (CRF). Further analysis of cAMP production revealed that intracellular Ca.sup.2+ derived through voltage-regulated calcium channels reduces cAMP formation induced by corticotropin releasing-factor or .beta..sub.2 -adrenergic stimulation, and that this effect of Ca.sup.2+ is mediated by calcineurin. Analysis of AtT20 cell RNA indicated the co-expression of at least three species of adenylyl cyclase mRNA encoding types 1 and 6 as well as a novel isotype, which appeared to be the predominant species. In two cell lines expressing very low or undetectable levels of the novel cyclase mRNA (NCB20 and HEK293 respectively), CRF-induced cAMP formation was not altered by FK506 or cyclosporin A. In summary, these data identify calcineurin as a Ca.sup.2+ sensor that mediates a negative feedback effect of intracellular Ca.sup.2+ on receptor-stimulated cAMP production thereby regulating the cellular response to cAMP generating agonists. Furthermore, the effect of calcineurin on cAMP synthesis appears to be associated with the expression of a novel adenylyl cyclase isoform, which is highly abundant in AtT20 cells.
EXAMPLE 2
DNA Cloning and Tissue Distribution of AC
Introduction
Adenylyl cyclases convert ATP to cAMP, one of the earliest recognized intracellular messenger molecules. The family of previously known adenylyl cyclases consists of eight members (Premont (1994) Meth. Enzymol. 238:116-127). Some of these enzymes have been analyzed functionally, and appear to confer unique signal processing capacities to cells (Taussig et al, (1995) J. Biol. Chem. 270:1-4). In particular isotype specific regulation of enzymatic activity by calmodulin, calcium (through as well as independently of calmodulin), protein kinase C as well as G-protein subunits has been demonstrated (for review see Taussig et al, (1995) J. Biol. Chem. 270:1-4). In addition to functional diversity adenylyl cyclase isotypes have distinct tissue distribution profiles (Krupinski et al, (1992) J. Biol. Chem. 267:24859-24862) and particularly marked regional differences of cyclase distribution have been observed in the brain (Xia et al, (1994) Mol. Brain Res. 22:236-244; and Glatt et al, (1993) Nature 361:536-538). Collectively, these observations indicate that the particular adenylyl cyclase isotype profile of a cell is fundamentally important with respect to cellular function.
Pharmacological analysis of the cAMP response to agonist stimulation in mouse corticotroph tumor (AtT20) cells (Antoni et al, (1994) Journal Of Physiology-London 475p:137-138) has shown that calcium inhibition of cAMP accumulation in these cells is mediated by the Ca.sup.2+ /calmodulin activated protein phosphatase calcineurin (protein phosphatase 2B). This novel feature of the cAMP response has led to the examination of the adenylyl cyclase isotype profile of AtT20 cells (Antoni et al, (1995) EMBO Journal submitted), which, amongst two known sequences (types 1 and 6), revealed the presence of a novel isotype. The present study reports the full cDNA sequence and tissue distribution of this novel adenylyl cyclase which is the predominant species of the enzyme expressed in AtT20 cells. The enzyme mRNA is also relatively abundant in the brain as well as certain peripheral endocrine organs, including the ovary and the adrenal gland.
Materials and Methods
Isolation of a cDNA Containing the Complete Coding Sequence of a Novel Mouse Adenylyl Cyclase Identified in AtT20 Cells
AtT20 cells were grown to sub-confluency in DMEM supplemented with 10% foetal calf serum (Woods et al, (1992) Endocrinology 131:2873-2880) and total RNA was isolated from approximately 10.sup.7 cells using Trizol reagent (GIBCO, Paisley, U.K.) according to the manufacturer's instructions. RT-PCR was carried out using an RNA PCR kit (Perkin Elmer, Warrington, Cheshire, U.K.) as previously described (Antoni et al, (1995) EMBO Journal submitted), using degenerate oligonucleotides corresponding to a highly conserved region within the second cytoplasmic domain of previously cloned mammalian adenylyl cyclases (Krupinski et al, (1992) J. Biol. Chem. 267:24859-24862; Yoshimura et al, (1992) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 89:6716-6720; and Gao et al, (1991) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 88:10178-10182) A 180 bp cDNA fragment of a novel adenylyl cyclase amplified from AtT20 cells (Antoni et al, (1995) EMBO Journal submitted) was used as a probe to obtain a cDNA containing the complete coding sequence by screening an oligo dT-primed cDNA library prepared from AtT20 cells and constructed in the vector ZAP II (a generous gift of Dr. M J Shipston, Edinburgh (see Shipston (1992) PhD Thesis, University of Edinburgh)) together with 5' RACE PCR. Screening of approximately 5.times.10.sup.5 clones was carried out according to standard procedures (Sambrook et al, (1989) Cold Spring Harbor Press, U.S.A.). Plaque-purified positive clones were recovered as pBluescript phagemids by excision using the helper phage ExAssist (Stratagene, Cambridge, U.K.). The insert size of these clones ranged from 1-3 kb. DNA sequence was determined from several independent isolates of each clone using Exo III/Mung Bean nuclease digestion and/or clone-specific primers with the Sequenase 2.0 kit (USB, Amersham International, Aylesbury, U.K.). Analysis of the DNA sequence data generated revealed the presence of an open frame which lacked a suitable initiator codon.
Two rounds of 5' RACE-PCR were performed to obtain the remaining of the open reading frame using a 5' RACE System kit (GIBCO, Paisley, U.K.) according to the manufacturer's instructions and summarised in brief as follows. Based on the DNA sequence at the 5' end of the largest cDNA clone isolated by library screening (jpl34) a set of three nested anti-sense oligonucleotides were designed. The first of these (most proximal to the 3' end of the cDNA isolated; primer 1: CGTCAATGACCTCAAAGCC(SEQ ID NO: 9)) was used to prime synthesis of first strand cDNA by reverse transcription of 0.8 .mu.g of total RNA isolated from AtT20 cells in a 25 .mu.l reaction containing 20 mM Tris.HCl (pH 8.4), 50 mM KCl, 3 mM MgCl.sub.2, 10 mM DTT, 100 nM primer 1, 400 .mu.M each dNTP and 200U Superscript II Reverse Transcriptase at 42.degree. C. for 30 minutes. First strand cDNA was purified away from this primer using the GlassMax purification system (GIBCO) and one-fifth of the purified cDNA 3'-tailed with dCTP using lOU terminal deoxynucleotide transferase (TdT) in a .sup.25 .mu.l reaction containing 20 mM Tris.HCl (pH 8.4), 50 mM KCl, 1.5 mM MgCl.sub.2, 200 .mu.M dCTP at 37.degree. C. for 15 minutes. Following heat inactivation of the TdT a second strand cDNA synthesis reaction was primed by the anchor primer supplied with the 5' RACE system kit present at 200 nM and carried out as for first strand synthesis. Double-stranded cDNA was subsequently purified using the GlassMax system and one-fifth of this preparation used as a template in PCR containing 20 mM Tris.HCl (pH 8.4), 50 mM KCl, 1.5 mM MgCl.sub.2, 200 mM each dNTP, 200 nM each of universal amplification primer (UAP; supplied with the kit) and jp134-specific nested anti-sense primer 2 (GCCTCTGCACAGCTGCAGTGGGACTCC) (SEQ ID NO: 10) and 0.03 U/.mu.l Amplitaq DNA polymerase (Perkin Elmer) (parameters for all the PCR reactions can be found in Table II). A second round of PCR using 0.05% of the primary PCR reaction (or 0.05% of size-selected primary PCR products) as a template was performed as described above except jp134-specific nested anti-sense primer 3 (CCTGGCAGAACTGCTCGATGGCTTTTATCATGC) (SEQ ID NO: 11) was substituted for primer 2. This first round of 5' RACE-PCR yielded a product of approximately 1 kb which was purified from an agarose gel and ligated into the plasmid vector PGEM-T (Promega, Madison, Wis., U.S.A.). Although DNA sequence analysis of this fragment (from both strands of two independent clones) extended the open reading frame observed in jp134 by 842 bp no suitable initiator codon was yet apparent. Another set of three anti-sense primers was designed on the basis of sequence data from the 5' end of the 1 kb fragment obtained from the first round and used in a second round of 5' RACE-PCR performed as described above except that 1) the first strand cDNA was synthesized at 50.degree. C. for 30 minutes and 2) substitution of primers 1, 2 and 3 with 4(GGAGAAGCTTCCTACTTG)(SEQ ID NO: 12), 5(GTGGCCGTGAGAGTATGATTGGAGCTGTC)(SEQ ID NO: 13) and 6(GTCCAAACCTGAAACTGCGCACGCAG)(SEQ ID NO.:14), respectively. This yielded a product of approximately 650 bp which, when cloned into pGEM-T and several independent isolates sequenced, completed the open reading frame encoding the novel mouse adenylyl cyclase.
Detection of mRNA Expression
Northern analysis was performed using standard procedures. Briefly, 20 .mu.g of total RNA was separated by formaldehyde gel electrophoresis and transferred by blotting onto positively charged nylon membrane (Appligene, Ullkirch, France) then fixed by baking at 80.degree. C. and prehybridised at 42.degree. C. for 2 hours in 50% deionised formamide, 5.times.SSPE, 0.5.times.Denhardt's, 0.1% w/v SDS, 0.2 mg/ml denatured salmon sperm carrier DNA and 10% Dextran sulphate. Random-primed labelled DNA probe (50 ng; >10.sup.9 cpm/.mu.g) was then added and hybridisation continued overnight at 42.degree. C. The membrane was washed twice for 20 minutes in 2.times.SSC/0.1% SDS, followed by 20 minutes in 1.times.SSC/0.1% SDS at 42.degree. C. and finally 20 minutes in 0.5.times.SSC/0.1% SDS at 50.degree. C. before wrapping in plastic an exposing to autoradiographic film at -70.degree. C. Ribonuclease protection assays were performed using an RPA II kit (Ambion, AMS Biotechnology, Witney, Oxon, U.K.) according to the manufacturer's instructions. Briefly, 10 .mu.g of total RNA was hybridised overnight at 45.degree. C. to 10.sup.5 cpm of radiolabelled anti-sense riboprobe. Following hybridisation, reactions were digested with single-strand-specific RNase and protected fragments resolved on a 6% denaturing polyacrylamide gel which was fixed for 30 minutes in 15% methanol/5% acetic acid, dried and exposed to autoradiographic film at -70.degree. C.
Results and Discussion
Analysis of the cDNA and Amino Acid Sequence
The sequence of the full length cDNA isolated from AtT20 cells (sense strand on top) and the deduced primary structure of AC are shown in SEQ ID No 1. A 4473 bp cDNA containing a 4062 bp open reading frame which encodes a 1352 amino acid protein. A stretch of 10 amino acids near the 5' end of the cDNA strongly resembles the Kozak consensus sequence for initiation of translation and contains the presumed initiator codon of the novel adenylyl cyclase protein. The presence of a translational stop codon upstream of this methionine residue suggests that the complete open reading frame encoding this protein has been cloned. The deduced amino acid sequence between residues 1105 and 1192 appears to be identical (except for a single asparagine to aspartic acid switch at 1191) to a short sequence derived from mouse brain RNA reported in preliminary form (Premont (1994) Meth. Enzymol. 238:116-127) and designated as AC. Although this region of the enzyme contains at least two highly preserved stretches of amino acid sequence common to all cyclases, on the basis of the abundance of AC mRNA in the brain (see below) it seems plausible that the full sequence reported here corresponds to the same enzyme and will subsequently referred to as AC.
While the key adenylyl cyclase consensus sequences thought to be involved in catalytic activity (Taussig et al, (1995) J. Biol. Chem. 270:1-4) are well conserved in AC, overall amino acid sequence homology comparisons indicate that AC is not sufficiently similar to currently known cyclases to be placed within one of the previously suggested subfamilies as illustrated by FIG. 9. Therefore AC represents a sixth adenylyl cyclase subfamily. It cannot be excluded at present that perhaps other members of this subfamily exist.
Hydrophobicity plots (Kyte et al, (1982) J. Mol. Biol. 157:105) return the previously reported adenylyl cyclase structure (FIG. 10) a short N-terminal loop followed by two homologous segments each consisting of a hydrophobic chain with 6 intermembrane helices and a large hydrophilic (putative cytoplasmic) loop. The first cytoplasmic loop appears considerably longer (by about 130 amino acids) in AC than previously reported--for other isotypes.
Analysis of putative phosphorylation sites (Pearson et al, (1991) Meth. Enzymol. 200:61-81) indicates several strong consensus protein kinase A and protein kinase C sites as well as two casein kinase phosphorylation sites (Table 3). Elements of the functionally relevant calmodulin binding site identified in ACtype1 (Wu et al, (1993) J. Biol. Chem. 286:23766-23768 and Vorherr et al, (1993) Biochemistry (U.S.A.) 32:6081-6088) can be discerned on the basis of conserved amino acid residues at positions 504-505 in the first cytoplasmic domain. However, two important basic residues Lys500 and Lys497 which are part of the calmodulin binding site in ACtype1 are substituted by Gly in AC making calmodulin binding unlikely in this region of the enzyme.
Distribution of mRNA for AC in Rat Tissues and Mouse Brain
Ribonuclease protection analysis of rat tissues showed hybridizion of total RNA with probe JP114 gave a 125 bp double stranded product that was most abundant in brain, with significant hybridizing activity in the anterior pituitary gland, the ovary, the adrenal gland, the lung and the kidney. Liver, pancreas,spleen, thymus, heart gave no detectable signal, suggesting that the distribution of the enzyme is highly tissue specific.
Gross dissection of the mouse brain suggests that AC mRNA is most abundant in the cortex, striatum and the hippocampus, with lower levels in the cerebellum and much lower but detectable concentrations in the olfactory bulb, the diencephalon, the brain stem and the pituitary gland. It is of note that the RNAse resistant hybrid in mouse tissues and AtT20 cells is larger, about 155 bp, than in rat tissues indicating interspecies sequence variation(s) in this region of the enzyme.
Northern mRNA analysis showed an approximately 9 kb size RNA in AtT20 cells that hybridizes with a JP114 antisense .sup.32 P-DNA probe.
In summary, the present results show the existence of a further member of the adenylyl cyclase family of proteins, which has a restricted tissue distribution and a distinct regional pattern in the brain. The functional properties of this cyclase have yet to be explored in detail. Pharmacological analysis (Antoni et al, (1994) Journal Of Physiology-London 475p:137-138 and Antoni et al, (1995) EMBO Journal submitted) indicates that AC is inhibited by Ca.sup.2+ through calcineurin and that this may be relevant for corticosteroid inhibition of corticotropin secretion in anterior pituitary cells (Shipston et al, (1994) Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 746:453-456). Furthermore, the abundance of AC mRNA in the striatum and hippocampus, where calcineurin is particularly abundant relative to other regions of the brain (Kuno et al, (1992) J. Neurochem. 58:1643-1651) is of interest with respect to synaptic function.
Summary
The cDNA of a novel adenylyl cyclase isotype (AC) has been cloned and sequenced from the mouse pituitary corticotrope tumour cell line AtT20. Adenylyl cyclase cDNA sequences were amplified from AtT20 cells using degenerate primers bracketing a highly conserved motif near the carboxyl terminus region of the protein. The majority of the subcloned amplified cDNA products revealed a novel sequence which was utilized to screen an AtT20 cell cDNA library, from which a 3120 bp clone was isolated and sequenced. The full length coding sequence was obtained upon two rounds of 5' RACE-PCR, yielding a 4473 bp long cDNA containing an open reading frame of 4062 bp which encodes a protein of 1352 amino acids. The hydrophobicity profile of this protein resembles that of other members of the adenylyl cyclase family in that two sets of six hydrophobic, putatively membrane-spanning regions are predicted as well as a large central cytoplasmic loop and long C-terminal cytoplasmic tail. Amino acid sequence comparisons suggest that this novel enzyme is quite distinct from other known mammalian adenylyl cyclases and cannot be easily assigned to any of the previously observed subfamilies. Tissue distribution of mRNA was examined by RNAse protection assay and indicated the highest abundance of this novel adenylyl cyclase to be in the brain followed by anterior pituitary gland, ovary and adrenal gland, which appeared to express approximately equal levels. Low level expression of this mRNA was detected in lung and kidney while in the heart, liver and pancreas none was apparent. Within the brain, relatively high levels of novel adenylyl cyclase mRNA were detected in cortex, hippocampus, striatum, cerebellum, with much less in diencephalon, olfactory bulb and the brain stem.
EXAMPLE 3
Functional Properties of AC
Method
The complete coding sequence of AC was subcloned into the eukaryotic expression vector pcDNA3 (Invitrogen). The cDNA clone for the CRF.sub.1 receptor cloned into the vector pcDNAI (Chang et al, (1993) Neuron 11:1187-1195) was a gift of Drs. R. V. Pearse II and M. G. Rosenfeld (University of California, San Diego). Both expression plasmids (10 .mu.g) were transfected into SV40-transformed monkey embryonic kidney (COS-7) cells grown in DMEM and 10% fetal bovine serum to 70% confluency in 75 cm.sup.2 flasks following the double DEAE-dextran transfection protocol (Ishikawa et al, (1992) Nucl. Acids Res. 20:4367), while only AC cDNA was transfected into adenovirus-transformed human embryonic kidney (HEK293) cells as these express endogenous receptors for CRF (F. A. Antoni, unpublished data). In control transfections pcDNA3 vector DNA replaced the AC expression construct. Forty-eight hours after the second transfection the cells were harvested in Hank's Ca.sup.2+ and Mg.sup.2+ free balanced salt solution containing 0.1% EDTA and centrifuged at 200.times.g, for 10 minutes. Following resuspension the cells were centrifuged again to remove serum proteins and resuspended in 1 ml of HEPES (25 mmol/l, pH 7.4) buffered Hank's balanced salt solution and a 50 .mu.l aliquot was removed for the measurement of protein content. The cells were then diluted further with 4 ml of HEPES buffered Hank's solution containing 0.25% BSA, and preincubated for 1 hour at 37.degree. C. under air. Subsequently the cells were pelleted again and distributed (final concentration 3.times.10.sup.5 cells/ml) into polypropylene vials and processed as AtT20 cells except that 1 mmol IBMX and 0.1 mmol/l rolipram were used as inhibitors of cAMP-degrading phosphodiesterases (see Example 1).
The functional properties of the cloned AC10 were investigated in transiently transfected HEK293 and COS7 cells (FIG. 11). In HEK293 cells which have endogenous receptors for CRF, unstimulated levels of cAMP and the cAMP response to CRF were unchanged upon transfection with AC (FIGS. 11a and b). However, preincubation with FK506 increased unstimulated cAMP levels 3-fold and significantly enhanced the cAMP response to 1 but not to 5 (FIG. 11b) or 25 nmol/l CRF (not shown). These effects were specific to cells transfected with AC (FIGS. 11a and b). Surprisingly, in cells transfected with AC 100 .mu.mol/l L-685,818 increased unstimulated cAMP levels to the same extent as 2 .mu.mol/l FK506, while having no effect in sham-transfected or pcDNA3-transfected cells (not shown). Importantly, L-685,818 had no significant effect on CRF-induced cAMP production but blocked the enhancement of the response to 1 nmol/l CRF by FK506 in cells transfected with AC (FIG. 11c). Slightly different results were obtained in COS7 cells. In this system unstimulated cAMP production in cells transfected with AC cDNA (without or in combination with the CRF receptor) was 1.9-fold higher than in controls receiving vector DNA (unstimulated cAMP [pmol/mg protein] in COS7 cells transfected with CRF receptor and pcDNA3: 20.9.+-.0.2; with CRF receptor and AC cDNA: 38.2.+-.3.4; mean.+-.SEM, n=4/group P<0.001, Student's t-test, representative of 4 separate experiments) whereas the increment produced by CRF (1-25 nmol/l) was not consistently altered (FIG. 11d and data not shown). Preincubation with cyclosporin A significantly and selectively enhanced the cAMP response to 1 nmol/l CRF in cells transfected with AC (FIG. 11d).
These data confirm that the cDNA for AC encodes a cAMP generating enzyme. At this point the cause of the differences in unstimulated cAMP production between COS7 cells and HEK293 cells is unknown, however, such discrepancies are not unprecedented in eukaryotic expression systems (Premont (1994) Meth. Enzymol. 238:116-127; and Adie et al, (1994) Biochem. J. 303:803-808). With respect to the paradoxical effect of L-685,818 on unstimulated cAMP levels, it is likely that it has some calcineurin inhibiting activity at a high concentration (100 .mu.mol/l) which may be sufficient to enhance basal cAMP production. However, this small inhibitory effect is not enough to cause a functionally relevant reduction of activity when calcineurin is activated by the cAMP-induced increase of intracellular free Ca.sup.2+ that is known to occur upon a cAMP stimulation in both HEK293 and COS7 (Lin et al, (1995) Mol. Pharmacol. 47:131-139; and Widman et al, (1994) Mol. Pharmacol. 45:1029-1035 (1994)) cells. The consistent finding of the transient transfection experiments is that cAMP production in response to low CRF concentrations is enhanced by immunosuppressant blockers of calcineurin and, in the case of FK506, this is blocked by the antagonist L-685,818. In this respect the findings with cloned and transiently transfected AC are in good agreement with the findings in AtT20 cells and with pilot studies in HEK293 cells stably transfected with AC (Antoni et al, unpublished data).
Sequence Comparison
Method
Comparisons with other adenylyl cylases were made using the GCG package available from the Human Genome Mapping Programme, Cambridge U.K. Initial alignments with FKBP12 were made using GeneJockeyII (Biosoft, Cambridge U.K.), and adjusted visually by the aid of the programme.
Closer examination of the primary sequence of AC revealed that residues 503 to 610 in the first cytoplasmic loop show approximately 40% similarity with FKBP12 (FIGS. 12a and b). The first part of this FKBP12-like segment consists of the C-terminal segment of the C1.alpha. domain which is highly conserved in all adenylyl cyclases (residues 503-570 in FIG. 12c) (Taussig et al, (1995) J. Biol. Chem. 270:1-4). The second part is the beginning of the long non-conserved segment (C1.beta. domain). Importantly, some of the sequence identities correspond to Asp37, Gly86, Phe87, Ile90 in FKBP12 (FIG. 12b) and are amino acid residues of key importance for the high-affinity interaction of the FK506/FKBP12 complex with calcineurin (Aldape et al, (1992) J. Biol. Chem. 267:16029-16032; Yang et al, (1993) J. Am. Chem. Soc. 115:819-820; and Braun et al, (1995) FASEB J. 9:63-72). The best overall sequence similarity is observed with yeast FKBP12, which in fact has been shown to bind calcineurin in the absence of FK506 (Cardenas et al, (1994) EMBO J. 13:5944-5957). Given the prominent actions of calcineurin blocker immunosuppressants on cAMP formation in systems expressing AC it seems reasonable to suggest that AC.sub.(503-610) may be a physiologically relevant docking site for calcineurin.
Adenylyl cyclase type 1 (ACtp1) is also thought to interact directly with a protein co-factor distinct from G-protein subunits as this cyclase is markedly stimulated by Ca.sup.2+ /calmodulin (for review see Taussig et al, (1995) J. Biol. Chem. 270:1-4). Residues 495-522 of ACtp1 (495-518 shown underlined in FIG. 12c) bind calmodulin with nanomolar affinity (Vorherr et al, (1993) Biochemistry (U.S.A.) 32:6081-6088). Moreover, point mutations of Phe.sub.503 and Lys.sub.504 virtually abolish the stimulatory effect of Ca.sup.2+ /calmodulin on this cyclase (Wu et al, (1993) J. Biol. Chem. 286:23766-23768). Intriguingly, the position of residues 495-522 along the cytoplasmic loop of AC corresponds to the C-terminal part of the FKBP12-like sequence in AC (FIG. 12c). It seems therefore that the junction between the C1.alpha. and C1.beta. domains in adenylyl cyclase 1 and in AC is a site of allosteric regulation by calcium binding proteins. In the case of AC a strong candidate for such a regulatory protein is calcineurin.
AC is Enriched in Nerve Cells
Method
Northern analysis of total RNA (20 .mu.g per lane) was performed by transfer onto positively charged nylon membrane (Appligene, Ullkirch, France) then hybridized to radio-labelled probe in 50% formamide and washed according to standard procedures (Sambrook et al, Molecular Cloning: a Laboratory Manual Ed. 2 (Cold Spring Harbor Press, U.S.A., 1989)). The cDNA probes used correspond to amino acid residues 1-195 (JP164) and 1105-1165 (JP114).
Ribonuclease protection assays were performed using an RPA II kit (Ambion, AMS Biotechnology, Witney, Oxon, U.K.) according to the manufacturer's instructions using radio-labelled anti-sense riboprobe derived from JP114 or JP142 (corresponding to amino acids 320-478). The AC probes showed no significant cross hybridisation in Southern analysis with adenylyl cyclase isotype cDNAs 1, 2, 3, 5 or 6. A 250 bp probe hybridising with .beta.-actin was used as the internal standard to correct for differences in RNA loading. Blots and gels were exposed to X-ray film as well as to Molecular Dynamics Phosphorimager casettes and quantified with the ImageQuant software using the 28S RNA band and the .beta.-actin band as standards for RNA loading in Northern and RNase protection analysis, respectively. Division of the integrated volume of pixels of the selected radiolabelled band with the integrated volume of the internal standard band yields the relative hybridisation intensity, which was used to compare the intensity of labelled RNA bands within blots. The relative abundance of the protected RNA species in a given tissue is expressed as the percentage of the relative hybridisation intensity of the whole brain RNA band run in the same assay.
Importantly, we have discovered that AC mRNA is present in relatively high levels in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus that contains the major contingent of CRF41 and vasopressin producing neuroendocrine motoneurones and controls the secretion of ACTH by the anterior pituitary gland. In addition, the levels of mRNA are apparently controlled by adrenal corticosteroids, so that lowering of adrenocortical steroid levels causes an increased expression of AC mRNA. This reinforces the notion that AC is expressed in areas of the brain important for the negative feedback action of adrenal corticosteroids, in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis. This system is a servomechanism where, when corticosteroid feedback is detected as inadequate by the relevant as yet unidentified components of the system, the levels of AC mRNA are increased.
Results
Existence of a calcineurin-regulated adenylyl cyclase is of great potential significance for brain function as calcineurin constitutes about 1% of total brain protein (Klee et al, (1988) Adv. Enzymol. 61:149-200). AC is in fact highly abundant in the brain: Northern blot analysis shows the presence of a 9 kb mRNA in mouse striatum and AtT20 cells (FIG. 13). RNAse protection anaylsis of dissected regions of the mouse brain suggest the relative abundance of AC mRNA to be hippocampus.gtoreq.striatum.gtoreq.cortex.gtoreq.cerebellum.gtoreq.olfactory bulb>brain stem>diencephalon.gtoreq.anterior pituitary gland (range 3-fold, see FIG. 13 for methods). These findings indicated a primarily neuronal localisation which was confirmed by in situ hybridisation histochemistry, showing robust AC mRNA hybridisation in hippocampal neurons (FIG. 14).
RNAse protection assay also shows the presence of AC10 mRNA, amongst other tissues, in mouse kidney, thymus and spleen (relative abundance 50, 10 and 8%, respectively if brain=100%, see FIG. 13 for methods) all of which are important targets of immunosuppressants (Schreier et al, (1993) Transplant. Proc. 25:502-507; and Dumont et al, (1992) J. Exp. Med. 176:751-760).
Functional Implications of Calcineurin Regulated Adenylyl Cyclase
In summary, the present results show the existence of a new member of the adenylyl cyclase family of proteins that is abundant in the brain and is inhibited by calcineurin. The intricate control of calcineurin activity by its EF-hand protein .beta.-subunit as well as additional regulation by calmodulin (Schreier et al, (1993) Transplant. Proc. 25:502-507) suggest a potentially fundamental role for AC in situations where fine interplay between intracellular Ca.sup.2+ and cAMP determines cellular function (Cooper et al, (1995) Nature 374:421-424). Furthermore, the abundance of AC mRNA in the striatum and hippocampus, where calcineurin is particularly enriched relative to other regions of the brain (Kuno et al, (1992) J. Neurochem. 58:1643-1651) is of major interest with respect to synaptic function. Finally, it remains to be explored whether or not the currently known Ca.sup.2+ regulated cyclases are also subject to control by calcineurin. A recent study has in fact reported the facilitation of cAMP formation by Ca.sup.2+ /calcineurin suggestive of calcineurin control of a Ca.sup.2+ -stimulated adenylyl cyclase (Baukal et al, (1994) J. Biol. Chem. 269:24546-24549).
TABLE I______________________________________Effect of pretreatment with FK506 (1 .mu.mol/l) andBAPTA/AM (20 .mu.mol/l) on cAMP accumulation induced by .beta.-adrenergic stimulation in AtT20 cells. Data are means.+-.SEM, n = 4/group. IBMX 0.5 mmol/l and rokpram 0.1 mmol/lpresent throughout. nd - not determined, previousstudies showed that there is no effect of eitherpreincubation protocol on basal cAMP levels.Isoproterenol Pretreatment(nmol/l) None FK506 BAPTA/AM______________________________________None 0.43 .+-. 04 nd nd0.4 0.7 .+-. 0.04 0.94 .+-. 0.09 0.96 .+-. 0.062 2.0 .+-. 0.08 3.3 .+-. 0.7 3.6 .+-. 0.610 9.5 .+-. 0.33 15.3 .+-. 2.5 11.4 .+-. 0.9100 19.5 .+-. .5 31.4 .+-. 1.9 35.5 .+-. 3.41000 32.1 .+-. 0.5 45.3 .+-. 9 46.9 .+-. 9______________________________________
TABLE II______________________________________PCR protocols for 5' RACE base cDNA cloning of AC fromAtT20 cell total RNA______________________________________Reaction using primers 2 or 3 with UAP1 cycle 95.degree. C. 5 min 80.degree. 5 min (Taq polymerase added)5 cycles 94.degree. C. 45 sec 55.degree. C. 30 sec 72.degree. C. 90 sec30 cycles 94.degree. C. 45 sec 57.degree. C. 30 sec 72.degree. C. 90 sec1 cycle 72.degree. C. 10 minReaction using primer 5 with UAP:1 cycle 95.degree. C. 5 min 80.degree. C. 5 min (Taq polymerase added)35 cycles 94.degree. C. 45 sec 55.degree. C. 30 sec 72.degree. C. 90 sec1 cycle 72.degree. C. 10 minReaction using primer 6 with UAP1 cycle 95.degree. C. 5 min 80.degree. C. 5 min (Taq polymerase added)35 cycles 94.degree. C. 60 sec 58.degree. C. 60 sec 72.degree. C. 90 sec1 cycle 72.degree. C. 10 min______________________________________
TABLE III______________________________________Potential sites of phosphorylation by common S/Tprotein kinases in AC______________________________________A KINASE: CASEIN KINASE II:Motif: RXS Position Motif: 3 acidic aa-s afterRAS 85 phosphorylation site are aRES 597 strong indication (*), highlyRTS 763 S preferringRSS 919 SCAEA 581 (SEQ ID NO:29) SGFEV 588* (SEQ ID NO:30) SLCEI 690 (SEQ ID NO:31)Motif: SYQEE 765 (SEQ ID NO:32)RXXSRASS 85 (SEQ ID NO:15) SEFET 885* (SEQ ID NO:33)RVDS 201 (SEQ ID NO:16) SWREP 1310 (SEQ ID NO:34)RSRS 304 (SEQ ID NO:17) TTSET 261 (SEQ ID NO:35)RESS 597 (SEQ ID NO:18) TKCEK 432 (SEQ ID NO:36)RPAS 972 (SEQ ID NO:19) TKCEK 432RVLS 1213 (SEQ ID NO:20) TGVEC 1199 (SEQ ID NO:37)C KINASE CAM KINASE II:Motif: (S/T)X(K/R) Motif: XRXX(S/T) PositionS preferred withhydrophobic AA on COOH ERASS 84 (SEQ ID NO:38)side of S GRVDS 200 (SEQ ID NO:39)(23/37 of known sites VRSRS 303 (SEQ ID NO:40)are like this) SRESS 596 (SEQ ID NO:41)SIR 837 RRPAS 971 (SEQ ID NO:42)SMR 1022 YRVLS 1212 (SEQ ID NO:43)SWR 1310 KRHAT 358 (SEQ ID NO:44)SVK 356 IREKT 719 (SEQ ID NO:45)SVR 27 SRMDT 1194 (SEQ ID NO:46)SYR 761 GRSPT 1270 (SEQ ID NO:47)SYR 1002SYR 1211TAK 534TLR 187TVK 619Motif (K/R)XX(S/T)(S preferred withhydrophobic AA)KIKTI 1105 (SEQ ID NO:21)KTATL 266 (SEQ ID NO:22)KISTL 436 (SEQ ID NO:23)KKSSI 370 (SEQ ID NO:24)KEDSL 732 (SEQ ID NO:25)KFDSM 94 (SEQ ID NO:26)KIQSM 1019 (SEQ ID NO:27)RPASL 972 (SEQ ID NO:28)______________________________________
TABLE IV______________________________________Inhibition by 1 .mu.mol/l FK506 of the effect ofextracellular calcium ions on 10 nmol/l CRF-induced cAMPformation in calcium-depleted AtT20 cells in thepresence of 0.5 mmol/l IBMX (see Legend to FIG. 1 andExample 1 for methods). Data are means .+-. SEM,pmol/well, n = 6/group. 2-way ANOVA gave a significant(P < 0.05) interaction between extracellular calcium andFK506. Unstimulated cAMP levels were 0.5 .+-. 0.06 pmol/l.Extracellularfree [Ca.sup.2+ ][mmol/l] Vehicle FK50E______________________________________0 12.1 .+-. 0.16 10.3 .+-. 0.100.5 10.4 .+-. 0.96 10.0 .+-. 0.111.0 9.7 .+-. 0.10 10.4 .+-. 0.101.5 6.2 .+-. 0.04 11.3 .+-. 0.132.0 5.2 .+-. 0.54 9.5 .+-. 0.11______________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________# SEQUENCE LISTING- <160> NUMBER OF SEQ ID NOS: 97- <210> SEQ ID NO 1<211> LENGTH: 4473<212> TYPE: DNA<213> ORGANISM: Mouse<220> FEATURE:<221> NAME/KEY: CDS<222> LOCATION: (43)..(4101)#cyclase coding region": PRODUCT = "Adenylate<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: ANTI-SENSE : NO<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: CELL TYPE : Corticotr - #oph tumour cell line<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: CELL LINE : AtT20<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: STRANDEDNESS : Single<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: TOPOLOGY : Linear<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: MOLECULE TYPE : cDNA<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: HYPOTHETICAL : NO- <400> SEQUENCE: 1- tgcccctgac ctggtcggga aaggttccaa gagctcggca ac atg gct - # tcc tca 54# Met Ala Ser Ser# 1- ccc cac cag cag ctg ctg cat cac cat agc ac - #c gag gtg agc tgc gac 102Pro His Gln Gln Leu Leu His His His Ser Th - #r Glu Val Ser Cys Asp# 20- tca agc gga gac agc aac agc gtg agg gtc aa - #g atc aac cct aag cag 150Ser Ser Gly Asp Ser Asn Ser Val Arg Val Ly - #s Ile Asn Pro Lys Gln# 35- ctg tcc tcc aac acc cac ccg aag cac tgc aa - #g tac agc atc tcc tcc 198Leu Ser Ser Asn Thr His Pro Lys His Cys Ly - #s Tyr Ser Ile Ser Ser# 50- agc tgt agc agc tcg gga gac tca ggg ggc ct - #t ccc cgg agg gtt ggc 246Ser Cys Ser Ser Ser Gly Asp Ser Gly Gly Le - #u Pro Arg Arg Val Gly# 65- ggc ggg ggt cgc ctg cgc aga cag aag aag ct - #g ccc cag ctt ttt gag 294Gly Gly Gly Arg Leu Arg Arg Gln Lys Lys Le - #u Pro Gln Leu Phe Glu# 80- agg gcc tcc agc cgg tgg tgg gac ccc aaa tt - #c gac tcc atg aac ctg 342Arg Ala Ser Ser Arg Trp Trp Asp Pro Lys Ph - #e Asp Ser Met Asn Leu#100- gag gag gcc tgc ctg gag cgc tgc ttt ccg ca - #g acc cag cgc cgc ttc 390Glu Glu Ala Cys Leu Glu Arg Cys Phe Pro Gl - #n Thr Gln Arg Arg Phe# 115- cgg tac gca ctc ttt tat gtg ggc ttc gcc tg - #c ctt ctc tgg agc atc 438Arg Tyr Ala Leu Phe Tyr Val Gly Phe Ala Cy - #s Leu Leu Trp Ser Ile# 130- tat ttc gct gtc cac atg aaa tcc aaa gtg at - #t gtc atg gtg gtc cca 486Tyr Phe Ala Val His Met Lys Ser Lys Val Il - #e Val Met Val Val Pro# 145- gct ctg tgc ttc ctg gtg gtg tgt gtg ggc tt - #t ttc ctg ttt act ttc 534Ala Leu Cys Phe Leu Val Val Cys Val Gly Ph - #e Phe Leu Phe Thr Phe# 160- acc aag ctg tac gcc cgg cat tat gcg tgg ac - #c tcg ctg gct ctc acc 582Thr Lys Leu Tyr Ala Arg His Tyr Ala Trp Th - #r Ser Leu Ala Leu Thr165 1 - #70 1 - #75 1 -#80- ctg ctg gtg ttc gcc ctg acc ctg gct gcg ca - #g ttt cag gtt tgg aca 630Leu Leu Val Phe Ala Leu Thr Leu Ala Ala Gl - #n Phe Gln Val Trp Thr# 195- cct ctg tca gga cgt gtt gac agc tcc aat ca - #t act ctc acg gcc act 678Pro Leu Ser Gly Arg Val Asp Ser Ser Asn Hi - #s Thr Leu Thr Ala Thr# 210- ccg gcg gac act tgc tta tct caa gta gga ag - #c ttc tcc ata tgc atc 726Pro Ala Asp Thr Cys Leu Ser Gln Val Gly Se - #r Phe Ser Ile Cys Ile# 225- gaa gtg ctc ctt ttg ctc tac aca gtc atg ca - #g tta cct ctg tac ctg 774Glu Val Leu Leu Leu Leu Tyr Thr Val Met Gl - #n Leu Pro Leu Tyr Leu# 240- agc ttg ttt ttg ggg gtg gtc tat tct gtc ct - #t ttt gag acc ttc ggc 822Ser Leu Phe Leu Gly Val Val Tyr Ser Val Le - #u Phe Glu Thr Phe Gly245 2 - #50 2 - #55 2 -#60- tac cac ttc cga aac gaa gac tgc tac cct tc - #t ccg ggc cct ggg gcc 870Tyr His Phe Arg Asn Glu Asp Cys Tyr Pro Se - #r Pro Gly Pro Gly Ala# 275- ctg cac tgg gag ctg ctg agc aga gcc ctg ct - #t cac gtg tgc att cac 918Leu His Trp Glu Leu Leu Ser Arg Ala Leu Le - #u His Val Cys Ile His# 290- gct atc ggg atc cat ctg ttt gtc atg tct ca - #g gtg agg tcc agg agc 966Ala Ile Gly Ile His Leu Phe Val Met Ser Gl - #n Val Arg Ser Arg Ser# 305- acc ttt ctc aag gtg gga caa tcc att atg ca - #c ggc aaa gat ctg gaa1014Thr Phe Leu Lys Val Gly Gln Ser Ile Met Hi - #s Gly Lys Asp Leu Glu# 320- gta gag aaa gcc ctg aaa gag agg atg att ca - #t tca gtg atg cca aga1062Val Glu Lys Ala Leu Lys Glu Arg Met Ile Hi - #s Ser Val Met Pro Arg325 3 - #30 3 - #35 3 -#40- atc ata gcc gac gac tta atg aaa caa ggg ga - #c gag gag agt gag aat1110Ile Ile Ala Asp Asp Leu Met Lys Gln Gly As - #p Glu Glu Ser Glu Asn# 355- tct gtc aag agg cat gcc acc tcc agt ccc aa - #g aac agg aag aag aag1158Ser Val Lys Arg His Ala Thr Ser Ser Pro Ly - #s Asn Arg Lys Lys Lys# 370- tcc tcc ata cag aag gca ccg ata gca ttc cg - #c ccc ttt aag atg cag1206Ser Ser Ile Gln Lys Ala Pro Ile Ala Phe Ar - #g Pro Phe Lys Met Gln# 385- cag att gaa gaa gtc agt att tta ttt gca ga - #c att gtg ggt ttc acc1254Gln Ile Glu Glu Val Ser Ile Leu Phe Ala As - #p Ile Val Gly Phe Thr# 400- aag atg agc gcc aac aaa tct gcg cat gcc tt - #g gta ggc cta ctc aat1302Lys Met Ser Ala Asn Lys Ser Ala His Ala Le - #u Val Gly Leu Leu Asn405 4 - #10 4 - #15 4 -#20- gac ctg ttc ggt cgc ttt gac cgc ctg tgt ga - #g cag acc aag tgt gag1350Asp Leu Phe Gly Arg Phe Asp Arg Leu Cys Gl - #u Gln Thr Lys Cys Glu# 435- aag atc agc act ctg ggg gac tgt tat tac tg - #t gtg gca ggg tgt ccg1398Lys Ile Ser Thr Leu Gly Asp Cys Tyr Tyr Cy - #s Val Ala Gly Cys Pro# 450- gag ccc cgg gca gac cat gcc tac tgc tgc at - #t gaa atg ggc tta ggc1446Glu Pro Arg Ala Asp His Ala Tyr Cys Cys Il - #e Glu Met Gly Leu Gly# 465- atg ata aaa gcc atc gag cag ttc tgc cag ga - #g aag aaa gag atg gtg1494Met Ile Lys Ala Ile Glu Gln Phe Cys Gln Gl - #u Lys Lys Glu Met Val# 480- aac atg cgt gtt ggg gtt cac acg ggg act gt - #c ctg tgt ggc atc ctg1542Asn Met Arg Val Gly Val His Thr Gly Thr Va - #l Leu Cys Gly Ile Leu485 4 - #90 4 - #95 5 -#00- ggc atg agg agg ttt aaa ttt gat gtg tgg tc - #c aac gat gtg aac ttg1590Gly Met Arg Arg Phe Lys Phe Asp Val Trp Se - #r Asn Asp Val Asn Leu# 515- gct aat ctc atg gag cag ctg gga gtg gct gg - #c aaa gtt cac ata tct1638Ala Asn Leu Met Glu Gln Leu Gly Val Ala Gl - #y Lys Val His Ile Ser# 530- gag gcc act gca aaa tac tta gac gac agg ta - #t gaa atg gaa gat ggg1686Glu Ala Thr Ala Lys Tyr Leu Asp Asp Arg Ty - #r Glu Met Glu Asp Gly# 545- aga gtt att gag cgc ctt ggg cag agt gtg gt - #g gct gac cag ttg aaa1734Arg Val Ile Glu Arg Leu Gly Gln Ser Val Va - #l Ala Asp Gln Leu Lys# 560- ggt ttg aag aca tac ctg ata tcg ggt cag ag - #a gcc aag gag tcc cac1782Gly Leu Lys Thr Tyr Leu Ile Ser Gly Gln Ar - #g Ala Lys Glu Ser His565 5 - #70 5 - #75 5 -#80- tgc agc tgt gca gag gcc ctg ctt tct ggc tt - #t gag gtc att gac gac1830Cys Ser Cys Ala Glu Ala Leu Leu Ser Gly Ph - #e Glu Val Ile Asp Asp# 595- tca cgg gag tcc tca ggc cct agg gga cag gg - #g aca gca tcg cca ggg1878Ser Arg Glu Ser Ser Gly Pro Arg Gly Gln Gl - #y Thr Ala Ser Pro Gly# 610- agt gtc agt gat ttg gcg cag act gtc aaa ac - #c ttt gat aac ctt aag1926Ser Val Ser Asp Leu Ala Gln Thr Val Lys Th - #r Phe Asp Asn Leu Lys# 625- act tgc cct tct tgt gga atc aca ttt gct cc - #c aaa tct gaa gct ggt1974Thr Cys Pro Ser Cys Gly Ile Thr Phe Ala Pr - #o Lys Ser Glu Ala Gly# 640- gca gaa gga gga act gtg caa aat ggc tgt ca - #a gac gag cct aag acc2022Ala Glu Gly Gly Thr Val Gln Asn Gly Cys Gl - #n Asp Glu Pro Lys Thr645 6 - #50 6 - #55 6 -#60- agc acc aag gct tct gga gga ccc aac tcc aa - #a acc cag aat gga ctt2070Ser Thr Lys Ala Ser Gly Gly Pro Asn Ser Ly - #s Thr Gln Asn Gly Leu# 675- ctg agc cct cct gca gag gag aag ctc act aa - #c agc cag acc tcc ctc2118Leu Ser Pro Pro Ala Glu Glu Lys Leu Thr As - #n Ser Gln Thr Ser Leu# 690- tgt gag atc ctg caa gag aag gga cgg tgg gc - #a ggc gtg agc ttg gac2166Cys Glu Ile Leu Gln Glu Lys Gly Arg Trp Al - #a Gly Val Ser Leu Asp# 705- cag tca gcc ctc ctc ccg ctc agg ttc aag aa - #c atc cgt gag aaa act2214Gln Ser Ala Leu Leu Pro Leu Arg Phe Lys As - #n Ile Arg Glu Lys Thr# 720- gat gcc cac ttt gtt gat gtc atc aaa gaa ga - #c agc ctg atg aaa gat2262Asp Ala His Phe Val Asp Val Ile Lys Glu As - #p Ser Leu Met Lys Asp725 7 - #30 7 - #35 7 -#40- tat ttc ttc aag ccg ccc atc aat cag ttc ag - #c ctg aac ttc ctg gac2310Tyr Phe Phe Lys Pro Pro Ile Asn Gln Phe Se - #r Leu Asn Phe Leu Asp# 755- cag gag ctg gag cga tca tat aga acc agc ta - #c cag gaa gag gtc ata2358Gln Glu Leu Glu Arg Ser Tyr Arg Thr Ser Ty - #r Gln Glu Glu Val Ile# 770- aag aat tct cct gtg aag acg ttc gcc agt gc - #c acc ttc agc tcc ctt2406Lys Asn Ser Pro Val Lys Thr Phe Ala Ser Al - #a Thr Phe Ser Ser Leu# 785- ctg gat gtg ttt ctg tca acc acc gtg ttc ct - #g att ctc tcc atc acc2454Leu Asp Val Phe Leu Ser Thr Thr Val Phe Le - #u Ile Leu Ser Ile Thr# 800- tgc ttc cta aag tat gga gcc acc gcc acc cc - #t ccc cca ccg gct gcc2502Cys Phe Leu Lys Tyr Gly Ala Thr Ala Thr Pr - #o Pro Pro Pro Ala Ala805 8 - #10 8 - #15 8 -#20- ctg gcc gtc ttt ggt gca gac ctg ctg ctg ga - #g gtg ctt tcc ctc ata2550Leu Ala Val Phe Gly Ala Asp Leu Leu Leu Gl - #u Val Leu Ser Leu Ile# 835- gtg tcc atc aga atg gtg ttt ttc cta gag ga - #t gtc atg aca tgc aca2598Val Ser Ile Arg Met Val Phe Phe Leu Glu As - #p Val Met Thr Cys Thr# 850- aag tgg ttg ctg gaa tgg atc gct ggc tgg ct - #c cct cgc cac tgc att2646Lys Trp Leu Leu Glu Trp Ile Ala Gly Trp Le - #u Pro Arg His Cys Ile# 865- ggg gca atc ttg gtg tct ctt cct gcc ctg gc - #t gtc tat tca cac atc2694Gly Ala Ile Leu Val Ser Leu Pro Ala Leu Al - #a Val Tyr Ser His Ile# 880- acc tct gag ttt gag acc aac ata cat gtc ac - #c atg ttc act ggc tct2742Thr Ser Glu Phe Glu Thr Asn Ile His Val Th - #r Met Phe Thr Gly Ser885 8 - #90 8 - #95 9 -#00- gcg gtg ctg gtg gcc gtt gtg cac tac tgt aa - #c ttc tgc cag ctc agc2790Ala Val Leu Val Ala Val Val His Tyr Cys As - #n Phe Cys Gln Leu Ser# 915- tcc tgg atg agg tcc tcc ctt gcc acc atc gt - #g ggg gct ggg ctg ctg2838Ser Trp Met Arg Ser Ser Leu Ala Thr Ile Va - #l Gly Ala Gly Leu Leu# 930- ctt ctg ctc cac atc tcc ctg tgt cag gac ag - #t tcc att gtg atg tcc2886Leu Leu Leu His Ile Ser Leu Cys Gln Asp Se - #r Ser Ile Val Met Ser# 945- ccc ttg gac tca gca cag aat ttc agt gcc ca - #g agg aac cca tgc aac2934Pro Leu Asp Ser Ala Gln Asn Phe Ser Ala Gl - #n Arg Asn Pro Cys Asn# 960- agc tca gtg ctg cag gac ggc agg agg ccg gc - #c agc ctc ata ggc aag2982Ser Ser Val Leu Gln Asp Gly Arg Arg Pro Al - #a Ser Leu Ile Gly Lys965 9 - #70 9 - #75 9 -#80- gag ctt atc ctc acc ttc ttc ctc ctg ctc ct - #c ttg gtc tgg ttc ctg3030Glu Leu Ile Leu Thr Phe Phe Leu Leu Leu Le - #u Leu Val Trp Phe Leu# 995- aac cgg gag ttc gag gtc agc tac cgg ctg ca - #c tac cat ggg gat gtg3078Asn Arg Glu Phe Glu Val Ser Tyr Arg Leu Hi - #s Tyr His Gly Asp Val# 10105- gag gcc gac cta cac cgc acc aag atc cag ag - #c atg aga gac cag gct3126Glu Ala Asp Leu His Arg Thr Lys Ile Gln Se - #r Met Arg Asp Gln Ala# 10250- gac tgg cta ctg cgg aac atc atc ccc tac ca - #t gtg gct gag cag ctc3174Asp Trp Leu Leu Arg Asn Ile Ile Pro Tyr Hi - #s Val Ala Glu Gln Leu# 10405- aag gtc tct cag acc tac tcc aag aac cat ga - #c agc ggg gga gtc atc3222Lys Val Ser Gln Thr Tyr Ser Lys Asn His As - #p Ser Gly Gly Val Ile# 10605 0- ttt gcc agc att gtc aac ttc agt gaa ttc ta - #t gag gag aac tat gag3270Phe Ala Ser Ile Val Asn Phe Ser Glu Phe Ty - #r Glu Glu Asn Tyr Glu# 10750- ggg ggc aag gag tgc tac cgt gtc ctc aac ga - #g ctg atc ggt gac ttc3318Gly Gly Lys Glu Cys Tyr Arg Val Leu Asn Gl - #u Leu Ile Gly Asp Phe# 10905- gat gag ctc ttg agc aag ccg gac tat aat ag - #c atc gag aag atc aag3366Asp Glu Leu Leu Ser Lys Pro Asp Tyr Asn Se - #r Ile Glu Lys Ile Lys# 11050- acc atc ggg gcc aca tac atg gca gcc tca gg - #g ctg aac acg gcc cag3414Thr Ile Gly Ala Thr Tyr Met Ala Ala Ser Gl - #y Leu Asn Thr Ala Gln# 11205- tgt cag gag ggt ggc cac cca cag gag cat ct - #g cgt atc ctc ttc gag3462Cys Gln Glu Gly Gly His Pro Gln Glu His Le - #u Arg Ile Leu Phe Glu# 11405 0- ttc gcc aag gag atg atg cgc gtg gtg gat ga - #c ttc aac aac aat atg3510Phe Ala Lys Glu Met Met Arg Val Val Asp As - #p Phe Asn Asn Asn Met# 11550- tta tgg ttc aac ttc aag ctc agg gtc ggc tt - #t aac cac gga ccc ctc3558Leu Trp Phe Asn Phe Lys Leu Arg Val Gly Ph - #e Asn His Gly Pro Leu# 11705- aca gca ggt gtc ata ggt acc acc aag ctg ct - #g tat gac atc tgg ggg3606Thr Ala Gly Val Ile Gly Thr Thr Lys Leu Le - #u Tyr Asp Ile Trp Gly# 11850- gac acc gtc aac atc gcc agc agg atg gac ac - #c act ggt gtg gag tgc3654Asp Thr Val Asn Ile Ala Ser Arg Met Asp Th - #r Thr Gly Val Glu Cys# 12005- cgt atc cag gtg agc gaa gag agc tac cgt gt - #g ctg agc aag atg ggt3702Arg Ile Gln Val Ser Glu Glu Ser Tyr Arg Va - #l Leu Ser Lys Met Gly# 12205 0- tat gac ttt gac tac cga ggg acc gtg aat gt - #c aag ggg aaa ggg cag3750Tyr Asp Phe Asp Tyr Arg Gly Thr Val Asn Va - #l Lys Gly Lys Gly Gln# 12350- atg aag acc tac ctt tac cca aag tgc acg ga - #c aat gga gtg gtt ccc3798Met Lys Thr Tyr Leu Tyr Pro Lys Cys Thr As - #p Asn Gly Val Val Pro# 12505- cag cac cag ctg tcc atc tcc cca gac atc cg - #a gtc cag gtg gac ggc3846Gln His Gln Leu Ser Ile Ser Pro Asp Ile Ar - #g Val Gln Val Asp Gly# 12650- agc att ggg cgg tct ccc aca gat gag att gc - #c aac ttg gtg cct tcc3894Ser Ile Gly Arg Ser Pro Thr Asp Glu Ile Al - #a Asn Leu Val Pro Ser# 12805- gtt cag tat tcg gac aag gct tcc ctg gga tc - #t gat gat agc aca cag3942Val Gln Tyr Ser Asp Lys Ala Ser Leu Gly Se - #r Asp Asp Ser Thr Gln# 13005 0- gct aag gaa gct cac ctg tcc tct aag agg tc - #c tgg aga gag cca gtc3990Ala Lys Glu Ala His Leu Ser Ser Lys Arg Se - #r Trp Arg Glu Pro Val# 13150- aaa gca gag gaa agg ttt cca ttt ggc aaa gc - #c ata gaa aag gac agc4038Lys Ala Glu Glu Arg Phe Pro Phe Gly Lys Al - #a Ile Glu Lys Asp Ser# 13305- tgt gaa gac ata gga gta gaa gag gcc agt ga - #a ctc agc aag ctc aat4086Cys Glu Asp Ile Gly Val Glu Glu Ala Ser Gl - #u Leu Ser Lys Leu Asn# 13450- gtc tca aag agt gtg tgaggcagcg ccgagagctg ccaaggtgc - #t ctgcgtgtcc4141Val Ser Lys Ser Val 1350- aaacacagta acatctgtgt cgataggctg ttgtgctatc tagcacctca gt - #ttctgtcc4201- ccagatgtgg tgtcacgtgg tcatttcagc ccgaatctct gtgtggagca ca - #gttattca4261- gggttcattt ccacccattt cggttttcct ttacttgcgt tcctggaagc ct - #tttcctgg4321- aagcctgccc ccagcccagc caggggatcc agtcagcagc gtggagggat tc - #aagtgcct4381- tcagggtctg gccttgcgtc tggggctgag gccactggtg gaatcatggc cc - #tggggatt4441# 4473 tttt tttttttttt tt- <210> SEQ ID NO 2<211> LENGTH: 1353<212> TYPE: PRT<213> ORGANISM: Mouse<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: HYPOTHETICAL : NO- <400> SEQUENCE: 2- Met Ala Ser Ser Pro His Gln Gln Leu Leu Hi - #s His His Ser Thr Glu# 15- Val Ser Cys Asp Ser Ser Gly Asp Ser Asn Se - #r Val Arg Val Lys Ile# 30- Asn Pro Lys Gln Leu Ser Ser Asn Thr His Pr - #o Lys His Cys Lys Tyr# 45- Ser Ile Ser Ser Ser Cys Ser Ser Ser Gly As - #p Ser Gly Gly Leu Pro# 60- Arg Arg Val Gly Gly Gly Gly Arg Leu Arg Ar - #g Gln Lys Lys Leu Pro# 80- Gln Leu Phe Glu Arg Ala Ser Ser Arg Trp Tr - #p Asp Pro Lys Phe Asp# 95- Ser Met Asn Leu Glu Glu Ala Cys Leu Glu Ar - #g Cys Phe Pro Gln Thr# 110- Gln Arg Arg Phe Arg Tyr Ala Leu Phe Tyr Va - #l Gly Phe Ala Cys Leu# 125- Leu Trp Ser Ile Tyr Phe Ala Val His Met Ly - #s Ser Lys Val Ile Val# 140- Met Val Val Pro Ala Leu Cys Phe Leu Val Va - #l Cys Val Gly Phe Phe145 1 - #50 1 - #55 1 -#60- Leu Phe Thr Phe Thr Lys Leu Tyr Ala Arg Hi - #s Tyr Ala Trp Thr Ser# 175- Leu Ala Leu Thr Leu Leu Val Phe Ala Leu Th - #r Leu Ala Ala Gln Phe# 190- Gln Val Trp Thr Pro Leu Ser Gly Arg Val As - #p Ser Ser Asn His Thr# 205- Leu Thr Ala Thr Pro Ala Asp Thr Cys Leu Se - #r Gln Val Gly Ser Phe# 220- Ser Ile Cys Ile Glu Val Leu Leu Leu Leu Ty - #r Thr Val Met Gln Leu225 2 - #30 2 - #35 2 -#40- Pro Leu Tyr Leu Ser Leu Phe Leu Gly Val Va - #l Tyr Ser Val Leu Phe# 255- Glu Thr Phe Gly Tyr His Phe Arg Asn Glu As - #p Cys Tyr Pro Ser Pro# 270- Gly Pro Gly Ala Leu His Trp Glu Leu Leu Se - #r Arg Ala Leu Leu His# 285- Val Cys Ile His Ala Ile Gly Ile His Leu Ph - #e Val Met Ser Gln Val# 300- Arg Ser Arg Ser Thr Phe Leu Lys Val Gly Gl - #n Ser Ile Met His Gly305 3 - #10 3 - #15 3 -#20- Lys Asp Leu Glu Val Glu Lys Ala Leu Lys Gl - #u Arg Met Ile His Ser# 335- Val Met Pro Arg Ile Ile Ala Asp Asp Leu Me - #t Lys Gln Gly Asp Glu# 350- Glu Ser Glu Asn Ser Val Lys Arg His Ala Th - #r Ser Ser Pro Lys Asn# 365- Arg Lys Lys Lys Ser Ser Ile Gln Lys Ala Pr - #o Ile Ala Phe Arg Pro# 380- Phe Lys Met Gln Gln Ile Glu Glu Val Ser Il - #e Leu Phe Ala Asp Ile385 3 - #90 3 - #95 4 -#00- Val Gly Phe Thr Lys Met Ser Ala Asn Lys Se - #r Ala His Ala Leu Val# 415- Gly Leu Leu Asn Asp Leu Phe Gly Arg Phe As - #p Arg Leu Cys Glu Gln# 430- Thr Lys Cys Glu Lys Ile Ser Thr Leu Gly As - #p Cys Tyr Tyr Cys Val# 445- Ala Gly Cys Pro Glu Pro Arg Ala Asp His Al - #a Tyr Cys Cys Ile Glu# 460- Met Gly Leu Gly Met Ile Lys Ala Ile Glu Gl - #n Phe Cys Gln Glu Lys465 4 - #70 4 - #75 4 -#80- Lys Glu Met Val Asn Met Arg Val Gly Val Hi - #s Thr Gly Thr Val Leu# 495- Cys Gly Ile Leu Gly Met Arg Arg Phe Lys Ph - #e Asp Val Trp Ser Asn# 510- Asp Val Asn Leu Ala Asn Leu Met Glu Gln Le - #u Gly Val Ala Gly Lys# 525- Val His Ile Ser Glu Ala Thr Ala Lys Tyr Le - #u Asp Asp Arg Tyr Glu# 540- Met Glu Asp Gly Arg Val Ile Glu Arg Leu Gl - #y Gln Ser Val Val Ala545 5 - #50 5 - #55 5 -#60- Asp Gln Leu Lys Gly Leu Lys Thr Tyr Leu Il - #e Ser Gly Gln Arg Ala# 575- Lys Glu Ser His Cys Ser Cys Ala Glu Ala Le - #u Leu Ser Gly Phe Glu# 590- Val Ile Asp Asp Ser Arg Glu Ser Ser Gly Pr - #o Arg Gly Gln Gly Thr# 605- Ala Ser Pro Gly Ser Val Ser Asp Leu Ala Gl - #n Thr Val Lys Thr Phe# 620- Asp Asn Leu Lys Thr Cys Pro Ser Cys Gly Il - #e Thr Phe Ala Pro Lys625 6 - #30 6 - #35 6 -#40- Ser Glu Ala Gly Ala Glu Gly Gly Thr Val Gl - #n Asn Gly Cys Gln Asp# 655- Glu Pro Lys Thr Ser Thr Lys Ala Ser Gly Gl - #y Pro Asn Ser Lys Thr# 670- Gln Asn Gly Leu Leu Ser Pro Pro Ala Glu Gl - #u Lys Leu Thr Asn Ser# 685- Gln Thr Ser Leu Cys Glu Ile Leu Gln Glu Ly - #s Gly Arg Trp Ala Gly# 700- Val Ser Leu Asp Gln Ser Ala Leu Leu Pro Le - #u Arg Phe Lys Asn Ile705 7 - #10 7 - #15 7 -#20- Arg Glu Lys Thr Asp Ala His Phe Val Asp Va - #l Ile Lys Glu Asp Ser# 735- Leu Met Lys Asp Tyr Phe Phe Lys Pro Pro Il - #e Asn Gln Phe Ser Leu# 750- Asn Phe Leu Asp Gln Glu Leu Glu Arg Ser Ty - #r Arg Thr Ser Tyr Gln# 765- Glu Glu Val Ile Lys Asn Ser Pro Val Lys Th - #r Phe Ala Ser Ala Thr# 780- Phe Ser Ser Leu Leu Asp Val Phe Leu Ser Th - #r Thr Val Phe Leu Ile785 7 - #90 7 - #95 8 -#00- Leu Ser Ile Thr Cys Phe Leu Lys Tyr Gly Al - #a Thr Ala Thr Pro Pro# 815- Pro Pro Ala Ala Leu Ala Val Phe Gly Ala As - #p Leu Leu Leu Glu Val# 830- Leu Ser Leu Ile Val Ser Ile Arg Met Val Ph - #e Phe Leu Glu Asp Val# 845- Met Thr Cys Thr Lys Trp Leu Leu Glu Trp Il - #e Ala Gly Trp Leu Pro# 860- Arg His Cys Ile Gly Ala Ile Leu Val Ser Le - #u Pro Ala Leu Ala Val865 8 - #70 8 - #75 8 -#80- Tyr Ser His Ile Thr Ser Glu Phe Glu Thr As - #n Ile His Val Thr Met# 895- Phe Thr Gly Ser Ala Val Leu Val Ala Val Va - #l His Tyr Cys Asn Phe# 910- Cys Gln Leu Ser Ser Trp Met Arg Ser Ser Le - #u Ala Thr Ile Val Gly# 925- Ala Gly Leu Leu Leu Leu Leu His Ile Ser Le - #u Cys Gln Asp Ser Ser# 940- Ile Val Met Ser Pro Leu Asp Ser Ala Gln As - #n Phe Ser Ala Gln Arg945 9 - #50 9 - #55 9 -#60- Asn Pro Cys Asn Ser Ser Val Leu Gln Asp Gl - #y Arg Arg Pro Ala Ser# 975- Leu Ile Gly Lys Glu Leu Ile Leu Thr Phe Ph - #e Leu Leu Leu Leu Leu# 990- Val Trp Phe Leu Asn Arg Glu Phe Glu Val Se - #r Tyr Arg Leu His Tyr# 10050- His Gly Asp Val Glu Ala Asp Leu His Arg Th - #r Lys Ile Gln Ser Met# 10205- Arg Asp Gln Ala Asp Trp Leu Leu Arg Asn Il - #e Ile Pro Tyr His Val# 10405 0- Ala Glu Gln Leu Lys Val Ser Gln Thr Tyr Se - #r Lys Asn His Asp Ser# 10550- Gly Gly Val Ile Phe Ala Ser Ile Val Asn Ph - #e Ser Glu Phe Tyr Glu# 10705- Glu Asn Tyr Glu Gly Gly Lys Glu Cys Tyr Ar - #g Val Leu Asn Glu Leu# 10850- Ile Gly Asp Phe Asp Glu Leu Leu Ser Lys Pr - #o Asp Tyr Asn Ser Ile# 11005- Glu Lys Ile Lys Thr Ile Gly Ala Thr Tyr Me - #t Ala Ala Ser Gly Leu# 11205 0- Asn Thr Ala Gln Cys Gln Glu Gly Gly His Pr - #o Gln Glu His Leu Arg# 11350- Ile Leu Phe Glu Phe Ala Lys Glu Met Met Ar - #g Val Val Asp Asp Phe# 11505- Asn Asn Asn Met Leu Trp Phe Asn Phe Lys Le - #u Arg Val Gly Phe Asn# 11650- His Gly Pro Leu Thr Ala Gly Val Ile Gly Th - #r Thr Lys Leu Leu Tyr# 11805- Asp Ile Trp Gly Asp Thr Val Asn Ile Ala Se - #r Arg Met Asp Thr Thr# 12005 0- Gly Val Glu Cys Arg Ile Gln Val Ser Glu Gl - #u Ser Tyr Arg Val Leu# 12150- Ser Lys Met Gly Tyr Asp Phe Asp Tyr Arg Gl - #y Thr Val Asn Val Lys# 12305- Gly Lys Gly Gln Met Lys Thr Tyr Leu Tyr Pr - #o Lys Cys Thr Asp Asn# 12450- Gly Val Val Pro Gln His Gln Leu Ser Ile Se - #r Pro Asp Ile Arg Val# 12605- Gln Val Asp Gly Ser Ile Gly Arg Ser Pro Th - #r Asp Glu Ile Ala Asn# 12805 0- Leu Val Pro Ser Val Gln Tyr Ser Asp Lys Al - #a Ser Leu Gly Ser Asp# 12950- Asp Ser Thr Gln Ala Lys Glu Ala His Leu Se - #r Ser Lys Arg Ser Trp# 13105- Arg Glu Pro Val Lys Ala Glu Glu Arg Phe Pr - #o Phe Gly Lys Ala Ile# 13250- Glu Lys Asp Ser Cys Glu Asp Ile Gly Val Gl - #u Glu Ala Ser Glu Leu# 13405- Ser Lys Leu Asn Val Ser Lys Ser Val345 1350- <210> SEQ ID NO 3<211> LENGTH: 10<212> TYPE: PRT<213> ORGANISM: Unknown Organism<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: TOPOLOGY : Linear<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: MOLECULE TYPE : Peptide<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: CELL TYPE : Skeletal m - #uscle<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: Description of Unknown Or - #ganism:- <400> SEQUENCE: 3- Leu Arg Gln Ser Arg Leu Ser Ser Ser Lys# 10- <210> SEQ ID NO 4<211> LENGTH: 11<212> TYPE: PRT<213> ORGANISM: mouse<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: TOPOLOGY : Linear<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: MOLECULE TYPE : Pepti - #de<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: CELL LINE : AtT20- <400> SEQUENCE: 4- Ile Asp Asp Ser Arg Glu Ser Ser Gly Pro Ar - #g# 10- <210> SEQ ID NO 5<211> LENGTH: 26<212> TYPE: DNA<213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: HYPOTHETICAL : NO<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: ANTI-SENSE : NO<220> FEATURE:#adenylate cyclasesTION: CELL LINE : mammalian<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: TOPOLOGY : Linear<220> FEATURE:<221> NAME/KEY: misc.sub.-- feature<222> LOCATION: (12)<223> OTHER INFORMATION: Modified base; mod.sub.-- - #base= i<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: STRANDEDNESS : Single<220> FEATURE:#Sequence: PCR PrimerN: Description of Artificial corresponding to highly conserved fi - #rst cytoplasmic domain of mammalian aden - #yl cyclases- <400> SEQUENCE: 5# 26 gyta ytaytg- <210> SEQ ID NO 6<211> LENGTH: 26<212> TYPE: DNA<213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: STRANDEDNESS : Single<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: TOPOLOGY : Linear<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: MOLECULE TYPE : cDNA<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: HYPOTHETICAL : NO<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: ANTI-SENSE : NO<220> FEATURE:#adenylate cyclasesTION: CELL LINE : Mammalian<220> FEATURE:<221> NAME/KEY: misc.sub.-- feature<222> LOCATION: (12)<223> OTHER INFORMATION: modified base; mod.sub.-- - #base = i<220> FEATURE:#Sequence:PCR PrimerION: Description of Artificial corresponding to highly conserved fi - #rst cytoplasmic domain of mammalian aden - #yl cyclases- <400> SEQUENCE: 6# 26 crta ytgcca- <210> SEQ ID NO 7<211> LENGTH: 39<212> TYPE: DNA<213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: STRANDEDNESS : Single<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: TOPOLOGY : Linear<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: MOLECULE TYPE : cDNA<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: HYPOTHETICAL : NO<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: ANTI-SENSE : NO<220> FEATURE:#adenylate cyclasesTION: CELL LINE : Mammalian<220> FEATURE:<221> NAME/KEY: misc.sub.-- feature<222> LOCATION: (13)<223> OTHER INFORMATION: modified base; mod.sub.-- - #base= i<220> FEATURE:<221> NAME/KEY: misc.sub.-- feature<222> LOCATION: (19)<223> OTHER INFORMATION: modified base; mod.sub.-- - #base= i<220> FEATURE:<221> NAME/KEY: misc.sub.-- feature<222> LOCATION: (22)<223> OTHER INFORMATION: Modified base; mod.sub.-- - #base= i<220> FEATURE:<221> NAME/KEY: misc.sub.-- feature<222> LOCATION: (25)<223> OTHER INFORMATION: Modified base; mod.sub.-- - #base =i<220> FEATURE:<221> NAME/KEY: misc.sub.-- feature<222> LOCATION: (28)<223> OTHER INFORMATION: Modified base; Mod.sub.-- - #base= i<220> FEATURE:<221> NAME/KEY: misc.sub.-- feature<222> LOCATION: (31)<223> OTHER INFORMATION: Modified base; mod.sub.-- - #base= i<220> FEATURE:#Sequence: PCR PrimerON: Description of Artificial corresponsing to highly conserved se - #cond cytoplasmic domain of mammalian aden - #yl cyclases- <400> SEQUENCE: 7# 39 acaa taggawsaac atayatggc- <210> SEQ ID NO 8<211> LENGTH: 36<212> TYPE: DNA<213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: STRANDEDNESS : Single<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: TOPOLOGY : Linear<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: MOLECULE TYPE : cDNA<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: HYPOTHETICAL : NO<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: ANTI-SENSE : NO<220> FEATURE:#adenylate cyclasesTION: CELL LINE : Mammalian<220> FEATURE:<221> NAME/KEY: misc.sub.-- feature<222> LOCATION: (13)<223> OTHER INFORMATION: Modified base; mod.sub.-- - #base= i<220> FEATURE:<221> NAME/KEY: misc.sub.-- feature<222> LOCATION: (16)<223> OTHER INFORMATION: Modified base; mod.sub.-- - #base= i<220> FEATURE:<221> NAME/KEY: misc.sub.-- feature<222> LOCATION: (22)<223> OTHER INFORMATION: Modified base; mod.sub.-- - #base= i<220> FEATURE:<221> NAME/KEY: misc.sub.-- feature<222> LOCATION: (28)<223> OTHER INFORMATION: Modified base; Mod.sub.-- - #base= i<220> FEATURE:#Sequence: PCR PrimerON: Description of Artificial corresponsing to highly conserved se - #cond cytoplasmic domain of mammalian aden - #yl cyclases- <400> SEQUENCE: 8# 36 gtrt taccccaaat rtcrta- <210> SEQ ID NO 9<211> LENGTH: 19<212> TYPE: DNA<213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: STRANDEDNESS : Single<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: TOPOLOGY : Linear<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: MOLECULE TYPE : cDNA<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: HYPOTHETICAL : NO<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: ANTI-SENSE : YES<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: CELL LINE : AtT20<220> FEATURE:#Sequence:PCR Primer to: Description of Artificial cDNA clone jp134 of AtT20- <400> SEQUENCE: 9# 19 gcc- <210> SEQ ID NO 10<211> LENGTH: 27<212> TYPE: DNA<213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: STRANDEDNESS : Single<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: TOPOLOGY : Linear<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: MOLECULE TYPE : cDNA<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: HYPOTHETICAL : NO<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: ANTI-SENSE : YES<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: CELL LINE : AtT20<220> FEATURE:#Sequence:PCR Primer to: Description of Artificial cDNA clone jp134 of AtT20- <400> SEQUENCE: 10# 27 agtg ggactcc- <210> SEQ ID NO 11<211> LENGTH: 33<212> TYPE: DNA<213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: STRANDEDNESS : Single<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: TOPOLOGY : Linear<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: MOLECULE TYPE : cDNA<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: HYPOTHETICAL : NO<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: ANTI-SENSE : YES<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: CELL LINE : AtT20<220> FEATURE:#Sequence:PCR Primer to: Description of Artificial cDNA clone jp134 of AtT20- <400> SEQUENCE: 11# 33 gatg gcttttatca tgc- <210> SEQ ID NO 12<211> LENGTH: 18<212> TYPE: DNA<213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: STRANDEDNESS : Single<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: TOPOLOGY : Linear<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: MOLECULE TYPE : cDNA<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: HYPOTHETICAL : NO<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: ANTI-SENSE : YES<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: CELL LINE : AtT20<220> FEATURE:#Sequence: PCR Primer to Description of Artificial 1kb extension of cDNA clone jp134 - # of AtT20- <400> SEQUENCE: 12# 18 tg- <210> SEQ ID NO 13<211> LENGTH: 29<212> TYPE: DNA<213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: STRANDEDNESS : Single<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: TOPOLOGY : Linear<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: MOLECULE TYPE : c - #DNA<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: HYPOTHETICAL : NO<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: ANTI-SENSE : YES<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: CELL LINE : AtT20<220> FEATURE:#Sequence: PCR Primer to Description of Artificial 1kb extension of cDNA clone jp134 - # of AtT20- <400> SEQUENCE: 13# 29 gatt ggagctgtc- <210> SEQ ID NO 14<211> LENGTH: 26<212> TYPE: DNA<213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: STRANDEDNESS : Single<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: TOPOLOGY : Linear<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: MOLECULE TYPE: cDNA<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: HYPOTHETICAL : NO<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: ANTI-SENSE : YES<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: CELL LINE : AtT20<220> FEATURE:#Sequence: PCR Primer to Description of Artificial 1kb extension of cDNA clone jp134 - # of AtT20- <400> SEQUENCE: 14# 26 gcgc acgcag- <210> SEQ ID NO 15<211> LENGTH: 4<212> TYPE: PRT<213> ORGANISM: Mouse<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: STRANDEDNESS : Single<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: TOPOLOGY : Linear<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: MOLECULE TYPE : Pepti - #de<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: HYPOTHETICAL : NO<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: ANTI-SENSE : NO- <400> SEQUENCE: 15- Arg Ala Ser Ser 1- <210> SEQ ID NO 16<211> LENGTH: 4<212> TYPE: PRT<213> ORGANISM: Mouse<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: STRANDEDNESS : Single<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: TOPOLOGY : Linear<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: MOLECULE TYPE : Pepti - #de<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: HYPOTHETICAL : NO<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: ANTI-SENSE : NO- <400> SEQUENCE: 16- Arg Val Asp Ser 1- <210> SEQ ID NO 17<211> LENGTH: 4<212> TYPE: PRT<213> ORGANISM: Mouse<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: STRANDEDNESS : Single<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: TOPOLOGY : Linear<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: MOLECULE TYPE : Peptide<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: HYPOTHETICAL : NO<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: ANTI-SENSE : NO- <400> SEQUENCE: 17- Arg Ser Arg Ser 1- <210> SEQ ID NO 18<211> LENGTH: 4<212> TYPE: PRT<213> ORGANISM: Mouse<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: STRANDEDNESS: Single<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: TOPOLOGY : Linear<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: MOLECULE TYPE : Peptide<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: HYPOTHETICAL : NO<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: ANTI-SENSE : NO- <400> SEQUENCE: 18- Arg Glu Ser Ser 1- <210> SEQ ID NO 19<211> LENGTH: 4<212> TYPE: PRT<213> ORGANISM: Mouse<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: STRANDEDNESS : Single<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: TOPOLOGY : Linear<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: MOLECULE TYPE : Peptide<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: HYPOTHETICAL : NO<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: ANTI-SENSE : NO- <400> SEQUENCE: 19- Arg Pro Ala Ser 1- <210> SEQ ID NO 20<211> LENGTH: 4<212> TYPE: PRT<213> ORGANISM: Mouse<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: STRANDEDNESS : Single<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: TOPOLOGY : Linear<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: MOLECULE TYPE : Peptide<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: HYPOTHETICAL : NO<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: ANTI-SENSE : NO- <400> SEQUENCE: 20- Arg Val Leu Ser 1- <210> SEQ ID NO 21<211> LENGTH: 5<212> TYPE: PRT<213> ORGANISM: Mouse<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: STRANDEDNESS : Single<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: TOPOLOGY : Linear<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: MOLECULE TYPE : Peptide<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: HYPOTHETICAL : NO<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: ANTI-SENSE : NO- <400> SEQUENCE: 21- Lys Ile Lys Thr Ile 1 5- <210> SEQ ID NO 22<211> LENGTH: 5<212> TYPE: PRT<213> ORGANISM: Mouse<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: STRANDEDNESS : Single<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: TOPOLOGY : Linear<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: MOLECULE TYPE : Peptide<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: HYPOTHETICAL : NO<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: ANTI-SENSE : NO- <400> SEQUENCE: 22- Lys Thr Ala Thr Leu 1 5- <210> SEQ ID NO 23<211> LENGTH: 5<212> TYPE: PRT<213> ORGANISM: Mouse<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: STRANDEDNESS : Single<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: TOPOLOGY : Linear<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: MOLECULE TYPE : Peptide<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: HYPOTHETICAL : NO<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: ANTI-SENSE : NO- <400> SEQUENCE: 23- Lys Ile Ser Thr Leu 1 5- <210> SEQ ID NO 24<211> LENGTH: 5<212> TYPE: PRT<213> ORGANISM: Mouse<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: STRANDEDNESS : Single<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: TOPOLOGY : Linear<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: MOLECULE TYPE : Peptide<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: HYPOTHETICAL : NO<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: ANTI-SENSE : NO- <400> SEQUENCE: 24- Lys Lys Ser Ser Ile 1 5- <210> SEQ ID NO 25<211> LENGTH: 5<212> TYPE: PRT<213> ORGANISM: Mouse<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: STRANDEDNESS : Single<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: TOPOLOGY : Linear<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: MOLECULE TYPE : Peptide<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: HYPOTHETICAL : NO<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: ANTI-SENSE : NO- <400> SEQUENCE: 25- Lys Glu Asp Ser Leu 1 5- <210> SEQ ID NO 26<211> LENGTH: 5<212> TYPE: PRT<213> ORGANISM: Mouse<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: STRANDEDNESS : Single<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: TOPOLOGY : Linear<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: MOLECULE TYPE : Peptide<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: HYPOTHETICAL : NO<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: ANTI-SENSE : NO- <400> SEQUENCE: 26- Lys Phe Asp Ser Met 1 5- <210> SEQ ID NO 27<211> LENGTH: 5<212> TYPE: PRT<213> ORGANISM: Mouse<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: STRANDEDNESS : Single<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: TOPOLOGY : Linear<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: MOLECULE TYPE : Peptide<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: HYPOTHETICAL : NO<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: ANTI-SENSE : NO- <400> SEQUENCE: 27- Lys Ile Gln Ser Met 1 5- <210> SEQ ID NO 28<211> LENGTH: 5<212> TYPE: PRT<213> ORGANISM: Mouse<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: STRANDEDNESS : Single<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: TOPOLOGY : Linear<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: MOLECULE TYPE : Peptide<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: HYPOTHETICAL : NO<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: ANTI-SENSE : NO- <400> SEQUENCE: 28- Arg Pro Ala Ser Leu 1 5- <210> SEQ ID NO 29<211> LENGTH: 5<212> TYPE: PRT<213> ORGANISM: Mouse<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: STRANDEDNESS : Single<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: TOPOLOGY : Linear<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: MOLECULE TYPE : Peptide<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: HYPOTHETICAL : NO<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: ANTI-SENSE : NO- <400> SEQUENCE: 29- Ser Cys Ala Glu Ala 1 5- <210> SEQ ID NO 30<211> LENGTH: 5<212> TYPE: PRT<213> ORGANISM: Mouse<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: STRANDEDNESS : Single<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: TOPOLOGY : Linear<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: MOLECULE TYPE : Peptide<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: HYPOTHETICAL : NO<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: ANTI-SENSE : NO- <400> SEQUENCE: 30- Ser Gly Phe Glu Val 1 5- <210> SEQ ID NO 31<211> LENGTH: 5<212> TYPE: PRT<213> ORGANISM: Mouse<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: STRANDEDNESS : Single<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: TOPOLOGY : Linear<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: MOLECULE TYPE : Peptide<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: HYPOTHETICAL : NO<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: ANTI-SENSE : NO- <400> SEQUENCE: 31- Ser Leu Cys Glu Ile 1 5- <210> SEQ ID NO 32<211> LENGTH: 5<212> TYPE: PRT<213> ORGANISM: Mouse<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: STRANDEDNESS : Single<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: TOPOLOGY : Linear<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: MOLECULE TYPE : Peptide<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: HYPOTHETICAL : NO<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: ANTI-SENSE : NO- <400> SEQUENCE: 32- Ser Tyr Gln Glu Glu 1 5- <210> SEQ ID NO 33<211> LENGTH: 5<212> TYPE: PRT<213> ORGANISM: Mouse<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: STRANDEDNESS : Single<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: TOPOLOGY : Linear<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: MOLECULE TYPE : Peptide<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: HYPOTHETICAL : NO<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: ANTI-SENSE : NO- <400> SEQUENCE: 33- Ser Glu Phe Glu Thr 1 5- <210> SEQ ID NO 34<211> LENGTH: 5<212> TYPE: PRT<213> ORGANISM: Mouse<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: STRANDEDNESS : Single<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: TOPOLOGY : Linear<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: MOLECULE TYPE : Peptide<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: HYPOTHETICAL : NO<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: ANTI-SENSE : NO- <400> SEQUENCE: 34- Ser Trp Arg Glu Pro 1 5- <210> SEQ ID NO 35<211> LENGTH: 5<212> TYPE: PRT<213> ORGANISM: Mouse<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: STRANDEDNESS : Single<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: TOPOLOGY : Linear<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: MOLECULE TYPE : Peptide<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: HYPOTHETICAL : NO<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: ANTI-SENSE : NO- <400> SEQUENCE: 35- Thr Thr Ser Glu Thr 1 5- <210> SEQ ID NO 36<211> LENGTH: 5<212> TYPE: PRT<213> ORGANISM: Mouse<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: STRANDEDNESS : Single<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: TOPOLOGY : Linear<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: MOLECULE TYPE : Peptide<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: HYPOTHETICAL : NO<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: ANTI-SENSE : NO- <400> SEQUENCE: 36- Thr Lys Cys Glu Lys 1 5- <210> SEQ ID NO 37<211> LENGTH: 5<212> TYPE: PRT<213> ORGANISM: Mouse<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: STRANDENESS : Single<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: TOPOLOGY : Linear<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: MOLECULE TYPE : Peptide<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: HYPOTHETICAL : NO<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: ANTI-SENSE : NO- <400> SEQUENCE: 37- Thr Gly Val Glu Cys 1 5- <210> SEQ ID NO 38<211> LENGTH: 5<212> TYPE: PRT<213> ORGANISM: Mouse<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: STRANDEDNESS : Single<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: TOPOLOGY : Linear<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: MOLECULE TYPE : Peptide<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: HYPOTHETICAL : NO<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: ANTI-SENSE : NO- <400> SEQUENCE: 38- Glu Arg Ala Ser Ser 1 5- <210> SEQ ID NO 39<211> LENGTH: 5<212> TYPE: PRT<213> ORGANISM: Mouse<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: STRANDEDNESS : Single<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: TOPOLOGY : Linear<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: MOLECULE TYPE : Peptide<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: HYPOTHETICAL : NO<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: ANTI-SENSE : NO- <400> SEQUENCE: 39- Gly Arg Val Asp Ser 1 5- <210> SEQ ID NO 40<211> LENGTH: 5<212> TYPE: PRT<213> ORGANISM: Mouse<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: STRANDEDNESS : Single<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: TOPOLOGY : Linear<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: MOLECULE TYPE : Peptide<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: HYPOTHETICAL : NO<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: ANTI-SENSE : NO- <400> SEQUENCE: 40- Val Arg Ser Arg Ser 1 5- <210> SEQ ID NO 41<211> LENGTH: 5<212> TYPE: PRT<213> ORGANISM: Mouse<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: STRANDEDNESS : Single<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: TOPOLOGY : Linear<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: MOLECULE TYPE : Peptide<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: HYPOTHETICAL : NO<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: ANTI-SENSE : NO- <400> SEQUENCE: 41- Ser Arg Glu Ser Ser 1 5- <210> SEQ ID NO 42<211> LENGTH: 5<212> TYPE: PRT<213> ORGANISM: Mouse<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: STRANDEDNESS : Single<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: TOPOLOGY : Linear<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: MOLECULE TYPE : Peptide<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: HYPOTHETICAL : NO<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: ANTI-SENSE : NO- <400> SEQUENCE: 42- Arg Arg Pro Ala Ser 1 5- <210> SEQ ID NO 43<211> LENGTH: 5<212> TYPE: PRT<213> ORGANISM: Mouse<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: STRANDEDNESS : Single<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: TOPOLOGY : Linear<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: MOLECULE TYPE : Peptide<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: HYPOTHETICAL : NO<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: ANTI-SENSE : NO- <400> SEQUENCE: 43- Tyr Arg Val Leu Ser 1 5- <210> SEQ ID NO 44<211> LENGTH: 5<212> TYPE: PRT<213> ORGANISM: Mouse<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: STRANDEDNESS : Single<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: TOPOLOGY : Linear<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: MOLECULE TYPE : Peptide<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: HYPOTHETICAL : NO<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: ANTI-SENSE : NO- <400> SEQUENCE: 44- Lys Arg His Ala Thr 1 5- <210> SEQ ID NO 45<211> LENGTH: 5<212> TYPE: PRT<213> ORGANISM: Mouse<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: STRANDEDNESS : Single<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: TOPOLOGY : Linear<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: MOLECULE TYPE : Peptide<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: HYPOTHETICAL : NO<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: ANTI-SENSE : NO- <400> SEQUENCE: 45- Ile Arg Glu Lys Thr 1 5- <210> SEQ ID NO 46<211> LENGTH: 5<212> TYPE: PRT<213> ORGANISM: Mouse<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: STRANDEDNESS : Single<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: TOPOLOGY : Linear<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: MOLECULE TYPE : Peptide<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: HYPOTHETICAL : NO<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: ANTI-SENSE : NO- <400> SEQUENCE: 46- Ser Arg Met Asp Thr 1 5- <210> SEQ ID NO 47<211> LENGTH: 5<212> TYPE: PRT<213> ORGANISM: Mouse<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: STRANDEDNESS : Single<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: TOPOLOGY : Linear<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: MOLECULE TYPE : Peptide<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: HYPOTHETICAL : NO<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: ANTI-SENSE : NO- <400> SEQUENCE: 47- Gly Arg Ser Pro Thr 1 5- <210> SEQ ID NO 48<211> LENGTH: 90<212> TYPE: PRT<213> ORGANISM: Human- <400> SEQUENCE: 48- Lys Ile Lys Thr Ile Gly Ser Thr Tyr Met Al - #a Ala Ala Gly Leu Ser# 15- Val Ala Ser Gly His Glu Asn Gln Glu Leu Gl - #u Arg Gln His Ala His# 30- Ile Gly Val Met Val Glu Phe Ser Ile Ala Le - #u Met Ser Lys Leu Asp# 45- Gly Ile Asn Arg His Ser Phe Asn Ser Phe Ar - #g Leu Arg Val Gly Ile# 60- Asn His Gly Pro Val Ile Ala Gly Val Ile Gl - #y Ala Arg Lys Pro Gln# 80- Tyr Asp Ile Trp Gly Asn Thr Val Asn Val# 90- <210> SEQ ID NO 49<211> LENGTH: 90<212> TYPE: PRT<213> ORGANISM: Mouse- <400> SEQUENCE: 49- Lys Ile Lys Thr Ile Gly Ser Thr Tyr Met Al - #a Ala Ala Gly Leu Ser# 15- Ala Pro Ser Gly His Glu Asn Gln Asp Leu Gl - #u Arg Lys His Val His# 30- Ile Gly Val Leu Val Glu Phe Ser Met Ala Le - #u Met Ser Lys Leu Asp# 45- Gly Ile Asn Arg His Ser Phe Asn Ser Phe Ar - #g Leu Arg Val Gly Ile# 60- Asn His Gly Pro Val Ile Ala Gly Val Ile Gl - #y Ala Arg Lys Pro Gln# 80- Tyr Asp Ile Trp Gly Asn Thr Val Asn Val# 90- <210> SEQ ID NO 50<211> LENGTH: 91<212> TYPE: PRT<213> ORGANISM: Rat- <400> SEQUENCE: 50- Lys Ile Lys Thr Ile Gly Ser Thr Tyr Met Al - #a Ala Thr Gly Leu Ser# 15- Ala Ile Pro Ser Gln Glu His Ala Gln Glu Pr - #o Glu Arg Gln Tyr Met# 30- His Ile Gly Thr Met Val Glu Phe Ala Tyr Al - #a Leu Val Gly Lys Leu# 45- Asp Ala Ile Asn Lys His Ser Phe Asn Asp Ph - #e Lys Leu Arg Val Gly# 60- Ile Asn His Gly Pro Val Ile Ala Gly Val Il - #e Gly Ala Gln Lys Pro# 80- Gln Tyr Asp Ile Trp Gly Asn Thr Val Asn Va - #l# 90- <210> SEQ ID NO 51<211> LENGTH: 91<212> TYPE: PRT<213> ORGANISM: Rat- <400> SEQUENCE: 51- Lys Ile Lys Thr Ile Gly Ser Thr Tyr Met Al - #a Ala Thr Gly Leu Asn# 15- Ala Thr Pro Gly Gln Asp Thr Gln Gln Asp Al - #a Glu Arg Ser Cys Ser# 30- His Leu Gly Thr Met Val Glu Phe Ala Val Al - #a Leu Gly Ser Lys Leu# 45- Gly Val Ile Asn Lys His Ser Phe Asn Asn Ph - #e Arg Leu Arg Val Gly# 60- Leu Asn His Gly Pro Val Val Ala Gly Val Il - #e Gly Ala Gln Lys Pro# 80- Gln Tyr Asp Ile Trp Gly Asn Thr Val Asn Va - #l# 90- <210> SEQ ID NO 52<211> LENGTH: 86<212> TYPE: PRT<213> ORGANISM: Human- <400> SEQUENCE: 52- Lys Ile Lys Thr Ile Gly Ser Thr Tyr Met Al - #a Val Ser Gly Leu Ser# 15- Pro Glu Lys Gln Gln Cys Glu Asp Lys Trp Gl - #y His Leu Cys Ala Leu# 30- Ala Asp Phe Ser Leu Ala Leu Thr Glu Ser Il - #e Gln Glu Ile Asn Lys# 45- His Ser Phe Asn Asn Phe Glu Leu Arg Ile Gl - #y Ile Ser His Gly Ser# 60- Val Val Ala Gly Val Ile Gly Ala Lys Lys Pr - #o Gln Tyr Asp Ile Trp# 80- Gly Lys Thr Val Asn Leu 85- <210> SEQ ID NO 53<211> LENGTH: 86<212> TYPE: PRT<213> ORGANISM: Rat- <400> SEQUENCE: 53- Lys Ile Lys Thr Ile Gly Ser Thr Tyr Met Al - #a Val Ser Gly Leu Ser# 15- Pro Glu Lys Gln Gln Cys Glu Asp Lys Trp Gl - #y His Leu Cys Ala Leu# 30- Ala Asp Phe Ser Leu Ala Leu Thr Glu Ser Il - #e Gln Glu Ile Asn Lys# 45- His Ser Phe Asn Asn Phe Glu Leu Arg Ile Gl - #y Ile Ser His Gly Ser# 60- Val Val Ala Gly Val Ile Gly Ala Lys Lys Pr - #o Gln Tyr Asp Ile Trp# 80- Gly Lys Thr Val Asn Leu 85- <210> SEQ ID NO 54<211> LENGTH: 85<212> TYPE: PRT<213> ORGANISM: Human- <400> SEQUENCE: 54- Lys Ile Lys Thr Ile Gly Ser Thr Tyr Met Al - #a Ala Ser Gly Leu Asn# 15- Ala Ser Thr Tyr Asp Gln Val Gly Arg Ser Hi - #s Ile Thr Ala Leu Ala# 30- Asp Tyr Ala Met Arg Leu Met Glu Gln Met Ly - #s His Ile Asn Glu His# 45- Ser Phe Asn Asn Phe Gln Met Lys Ile Gly Le - #u Asn Met Gly Pro Val# 60- Val Ala Gly Val Ile Gly Ala Arg Lys Pro Gl - #n Tyr Asp Ile Trp Gly# 80- Asn Thr Val Asn Val 85- <210> SEQ ID NO 55<211> LENGTH: 85<212> TYPE: PRT<213> ORGANISM: Mouse- <400> SEQUENCE: 55- Lys Ile Lys Thr Ile Gly Ser Thr Tyr Met Al - #a Ala Ser Gly Leu Asn# 15- Ala Ser Thr Tyr Asp Gln Val Gly Arg Ser Hi - #s Ile Thr Ala Leu Ala# 30- Asp Tyr Ala Met Arg Leu Met Glu Gln Met Ly - #s His Ile Asn Glu His# 45- Ser Phe Asn Asn Phe Gln Met Lys Ile Gly Le - #u Asn Met Gly Pro Val# 60- Val Ala Gly Val Ile Gly Ala Arg Lys Pro Gl - #n Tyr Asp Ile Trp Gly# 80- Asn Thr Val Asn Val 85- <210> SEQ ID NO 56<211> LENGTH: 85<212> TYPE: PRT<213> ORGANISM: Mouse- <400> SEQUENCE: 56- Lys Ile Lys Thr Ile Gly Ser Thr Tyr Met Al - #a Ala Ser Gly Leu Asn# 15- Ala Ser Thr Tyr Asp Gln Val Gly Arg Ser Hi - #s Ile Thr Ala Leu Ala# 30- Asp Tyr Ala Met Arg Leu Met Glu Gln Met Ly - #s His Ile Asn Glu His# 45- Ser Phe Asn Asn Phe Gln Met Lys Ile Gly Le - #u Asn Met Gly Pro Val# 60- Val Ala Gly Val Ile Gly Ala Arg Lys Pro Gl - #n Tyr Asp Ile Trp Gly# 80- Asn Thr Val Asn Val 85- <210> SEQ ID NO 57<211> LENGTH: 85<212> TYPE: PRT<213> ORGANISM: Rat- <400> SEQUENCE: 57- Lys Ile Lys Thr Ile Gly Ser Thr Tyr Met Al - #a Ala Ser Gly Leu Asn# 15- Ala Ser Thr Tyr Asp Gln Val Gly Arg Ser Hi - #s Ile Thr Ala Leu Ala# 30- Asp Tyr Ala Met Arg Leu Met Glu Gln Met Ly - #s His Ile Asn Glu His# 45- Ser Phe Asn Asn Phe Gln Met Lys Ile Gly Le - #u Asn Met Gly Pro Val# 60- Val Ala Gly Val Ile Gly Ala Arg Lys Pro Gl - #n Tyr Asp Ile Trp Gly# 80- Asn Thr Val Asn Val 85- <210> SEQ ID NO 58<211> LENGTH: 85<212> TYPE: PRT<213> ORGANISM: Dog- <400> SEQUENCE: 58- Lys Ile Lys Thr Ile Gly Ser Thr Tyr Met Al - #a Ala Ser Gly Leu Asn# 15- Ala Ser Thr Tyr Asp Gln Ala Gly Arg Ser Hi - #s Ile Thr Ala Leu Ala# 30- Asp Tyr Ala Met Arg Leu Met Glu Gln Met Ly - #s His Ile Asn Glu His# 45- Ser Phe Asn Asn Phe Gln Met Lys Ile Gly Le - #u Asn Met Gly Pro Val# 60- Val Ala Gly Val Ile Gly Ala Arg Lys Pro Gl - #n Tyr Asp Ile Trp Gly# 80- Asn Thr Val Asn Val 85- <210> SEQ ID NO 59<211> LENGTH: 85<212> TYPE: PRT<213> ORGANISM: Rat- <400> SEQUENCE: 59- Lys Ile Lys Thr Ile Gly Ser Thr Tyr Met Al - #a Ala Ser Gly Leu Asn# 15- Asp Ser Thr Tyr Asp Lys Ala Gly Lys Thr Hi - #s Ile Lys Ala Leu Ala# 30- Asp Phe Ala Met Lys Leu Met Asp Gln Met Ly - #s Tyr Ile Asn Glu His# 45- Ser Phe Asn Asn Phe Gln Met Lys Ile Gly Le - #u Asn Ile Gly Pro Val# 60- Val Ala Gly Val Ile Gly Ala Arg Lys Pro Gl - #n Tyr Asp Ile Trp Gly# 80- Asn Thr Val Asn Val 85- <210> SEQ ID NO 60<211> LENGTH: 85<212> TYPE: PRT<213> ORGANISM: Rabbit- <400> SEQUENCE: 60- Lys Ile Lys Thr Ile Gly Ser Thr Tyr Met Al - #a Ala Ser Gly Leu Asn# 15- Asp Ser Thr Tyr Asp Lys Val Gly Lys Thr Hi - #s Ile Lys Ala Leu Ala# 30- Asp Phe Ala Met Lys Leu Met Asp Gln Met Ly - #s Tyr Ile Asn Glu His# 45- Ser Phe Asn Asn Phe Gln Met Lys Ile Gly Le - #u Asn Ile Gly Pro Val# 60- Val Ala Gly Val Ile Gly Ala Arg Lys Pro Gl - #n Tyr Asp Ile Trp Gly# 80- Asn Thr Val Asn Val 85- <210> SEQ ID NO 61<211> LENGTH: 85<212> TYPE: PRT<213> ORGANISM: Dog- <400> SEQUENCE: 61- Lys Ile Lys Thr Ile Gly Ser Thr Tyr Met Al - #a Ala Ser Gly Leu Asn# 15- Asp Ser Thr Tyr Asp Lys Val Gly Lys Thr Hi - #s Ile Lys Ala Leu Ala# 30- Asp Phe Ala Met Lys Leu Met Asp Gln Met Ly - #s Tyr Ile Asn Glu His# 45- Ser Phe Asn Asn Phe Gln Met Lys Ile Gly Le - #u Asn Ile Gly Pro Val# 60- Val Ala Gly Val Ile Gly Ala Arg Lys Pro Gl - #n Tyr Asp Ile Trp Gly# 80- Asn Thr Val Asn Val 85- <210> SEQ ID NO 62<211> LENGTH: 88<212> TYPE: PRT<213> ORGANISM: Bovine- <400> SEQUENCE: 62- Lys Ile Lys Thr Ile Gly Ser Thr Tyr Met Al - #a Ala Val Gly Leu Ala# 15- Pro Thr Ala Gly Thr Lys Ala Lys Lys Cys Il - #e Ser Ser His Leu Ser# 30- Thr Leu Ala Asp Phe Ala Ile Glu Met Phe As - #p Val Leu Asp Glu Ile# 45- Asn Tyr Gln Ser Tyr Asn Asp Phe Val Leu Ar - #g Val Gly Ile Asn Val# 60- Gly Pro Val Val Ala Gly Val Ile Gly Ala Ar - #g Arg Pro Gln Tyr Asp# 80- Ile Trp Gly Asn Thr Val Asn Val 85- <210> SEQ ID NO 63<211> LENGTH: 98<212> TYPE: PRT<213> ORGANISM: Rat- <400> SEQUENCE: 63- Lys Ile Lys Thr Ile Gly Ser Thr Tyr Met Al - #a Ala Ser Gly Val Thr# 15- Pro Asp Val Asn Thr Asn Gly Phe Thr Ser Se - #r Ser Lys Glu Glu Lys# 30- Ser Asp Lys Glu Arg Trp Gln His Leu Ala As - #p Leu Ala Asp Phe Ala# 45- Leu Ala Met Lys Asp Thr Leu Thr Asn Ile As - #n Asn Gln Ser Phe Asn# 60- Asn Phe Met Leu Arg Ile Gly Met Asn Lys Gl - #y Gly Val Leu Ala Gly# 80- Val Ile Gly Ala Arg Lys Pro His Tyr Asp Il - #e Trp Gly Asn Thr Val# 95- Asn Val- <210> SEQ ID NO 64<211> LENGTH: 88<212> TYPE: PRT<213> ORGANISM: Mouse- <400> SEQUENCE: 64- Lys Ile Lys Thr Ile Gly Ala Thr Tyr Met Al - #a Ala Ser Gly Leu Asn# 15- Thr Ala Gln Cys Gln Glu Gly Gly His Pro Gl - #n Glu His Leu Arg Ile# 30- Leu Phe Glu Phe Ala Lys Glu Met Met Arg Va - #l Val Asp Asp Phe Asn# 45- Asn Asn Met Leu Trp Phe Asn Phe Lys Leu Ar - #g Val Gly Phe Asn His# 60- Gly Pro Leu Thr Ala Gly Val Ile Gly Thr Th - #r Lys Leu Leu Tyr Asp# 80- Ile Trp Gly Asp Thr Val Asn Ile 85- <210> SEQ ID NO 65<211> LENGTH: 108<212> TYPE: PRT<213> ORGANISM: Mouse- <400> SEQUENCE: 65- Arg Phe Lys Phe Asp Val Trp Ser Asn Asp Va - #l Asn Leu Ala Asn Leu# 15- Met Glu Gln Leu Gly Val Ala Gly Lys Val Hi - #s Ile Ser Glu Ala Thr# 30- Ala Lys Tyr Leu Asp Asp Arg Tyr Glu Met Gl - #u Asp Gly Arg Val Ile# 45- Glu Arg Leu Gly Gln Ser Val Val Ala Asp Gl - #n Leu Lys Gly Leu Lys# 60- Thr Tyr Leu Ile Ser Gly Gln Arg Ala Lys Gl - #u Ser His Cys Ser Cys# 80- Ala Glu Ala Leu Leu Ser Gly Phe Glu Val Il - #e Asp Asp Ser Arg Glu# 95- Ser Ser Gly Pro Arg Gly Gln Gly Thr Ala Se - #r Pro# 105- <210> SEQ ID NO 66<211> LENGTH: 107<212> TYPE: PRT<213> ORGANISM: Saccharomyces cerevisiae- <400> SEQUENCE: 66- Asn Val Lys Ile Asp Arg Ile Ser Pro Gly As - #p Gly Ala Thr Phe Pro# 15- Lys Thr Gly Asp Leu Val Thr Ile His Tyr Th - #r Gly Thr Leu Glu Asn# 30- Gly Gln Lys Phe Asp Ser Ser Val Asp Arg Gl - #y Ser Pro Phe Gln Cys# 45- Asn Ile Gly Val Gly Gln Val Ile Lys Gly Tr - #p Asp Val Gly Ile Pro# 60- Lys Leu Ser Val Gly Glu Lys Ala Arg Leu Th - #r Ile Pro Gly Pro Tyr# 80- Ala Tyr Gly Pro Arg Gly Phe Pro Gly Leu Il - #e Pro Pro Asn Ser Thr# 95- Leu Val Phe Asp Val Glu Leu Leu Lys Val As - #n# 105- <210> SEQ ID NO 67<211> LENGTH: 107<212> TYPE: PRT<213> ORGANISM: Human- <400> SEQUENCE: 67- Gly Val Gln Val Glu Thr Ile Ser Pro Gly As - #p Gly Arg Thr Phe Pro# 15- Lys Arg Gly Gln Thr Cys Val Val His Tyr Th - #r Gly Met Leu Glu Asp# 30- Gly Lys Lys Phe Asp Ser Ser Arg Asp Arg As - #n Lys Pro Phe Lys Phe# 45- Met Leu Gly Lys Gln Glu Val Ile Arg Gly Tr - #p Glu Glu Gly Val Ala# 60- Gln Met Ser Val Gly Gln Arg Ala Lys Leu Th - #r Ile Ser Pro Asp Tyr# 80- Ala Tyr Gly Ala Thr Gly His Pro Gly Ile Il - #e Pro Pro His Ala Thr# 95- Leu Val Phe Asp Val Glu Leu Leu Lys Leu Gl - #u# 105- <210> SEQ ID NO 68<211> LENGTH: 107<212> TYPE: PRT<213> ORGANISM: Mouse- <400> SEQUENCE: 68- Gly Val Gln Val Glu Thr Ile Ser Pro Gly As - #p Gly Arg Thr Phe Pro# 15- Lys Arg Gly Gln Thr Cys Val Val His Tyr Th - #r Gly Met Leu Glu Asp# 30- Gly Lys Lys Phe Asp Ser Ser Arg Asp Arg As - #n Lys Pro Phe Lys Phe# 45- Thr Leu Gly Lys Gln Glu Val Ile Arg Gly Tr - #p Glu Glu Gly Val Ala# 60- Gln Met Ser Val Gly Gln Arg Ala Lys Leu Il - #e Ile Ser Ser Asp Tyr# 80- Ala Tyr Gly Ala Thr Gly His Pro Gly Ile Il - #e Pro Pro His Ala Thr# 95- Leu Val Phe Asp Val Glu Leu Leu Lys Leu Gl - #u# 105- <210> SEQ ID NO 69<211> LENGTH: 107<212> TYPE: PRT<213> ORGANISM: Neurospora crassa- <400> SEQUENCE: 69- Gly Leu Gln Ile Glu Val Gln Gln Glu Gly Gl - #n Gly Thr Arg Glu Thr# 15- Arg Arg Gly Asp Asn Val Asp Val His Tyr Ly - #s Gly Val Leu Thr Ser# 30- Gly Lys Lys Phe Asp Ala Ser Tyr Asp Arg Gl - #y Glu Pro Leu Asn Phe# 45- Thr Val Gly Gln Gly Gln Val Ile Lys Gly Tr - #p Asp Glu Gly Leu Leu# 60- Gly Met Lys Ile Gly Glu Lys Arg Lys Leu Th - #r Ile Ala Pro His Leu# 80- Ala Tyr Gly Asn Arg Ala Val Gly Gly Ile Il - #e Pro Ala Asn Ser Thr# 95- Leu Ile Phe Glu Thr Glu Leu Val Gly Ile Ly - #s# 105- <210> SEQ ID NO 70<211> LENGTH: 104<212> TYPE: PRT<213> ORGANISM: Bovine- <400> SEQUENCE: 70- Lys Trp Gln Tyr Asp Val Trp Ser Asn Asp Va - #l Thr Leu Ala Asn Val# 15- Met Glu Ala Ala Gly Leu Pro Gly Lys Val Hi - #s Ile Thr Lys Thr Thr# 30- Leu Ala Cys Leu Asn Gly Asp Tyr Glu Val Gl - #u Pro Gly His Gly His# 45- Glu Arg Asn Ser Phe Leu Lys Thr His Asn Il - #e Glu Thr Phe Phe Ile# 60- Val Pro Ser His Arg Arg Lys Ile Phe Pro Gl - #y Leu Ile Leu Ser Asp# 80- Ile Lys Pro Ala Lys Arg Met Lys Phe Lys Th - #r Val Cys Tyr Leu Leu# 95- Val Gln Leu Met Tyr His Cys Arg 100- <210> SEQ ID NO 71<211> LENGTH: 104<212> TYPE: PRT<213> ORGANISM: Rat- <400> SEQUENCE: 71- Arg Trp Gln Tyr Asp Val Trp Ser Thr Asp Va - #l Thr Val Ala Asn Lys# 15- Met Glu Ala Gly Gly Ile Pro Gly Arg Val Hi - #s Ile Ser Gln Ser Thr# 30- Met Asp Cys Leu Lys Gly Glu Phe Asp Val Gl - #u Pro Gly Asp Gly Gly# 45- Ser Arg Cys Asp Tyr Leu Asp Glu Lys Gly Il - #e Glu Thr Tyr Leu Ile# 60- Ile Ala Ser Lys Pro Glu Val Lys Lys Thr Al - #a Gln Asn Gly Leu Asn# 80- Gly Ser Ala Leu Pro Asn Gly Ala Pro Ala Se - #r Lys Pro Ser Ser Ser# 95- Pro Ala Leu Ile Glu Thr Lys Glu 100- <210> SEQ ID NO 72<211> LENGTH: 104<212> TYPE: PRT<213> ORGANISM: Rat- <400> SEQUENCE: 72- Lys Trp Gln Phe Asp Val Trp Ser Trp Asp Va - #l Asp Ile Ala Asn Lys# 15- Leu Glu Ser Gly Gly Ile Pro Gly Arg Ile Hi - #s Ile Ser Lys Ala Thr# 30- Leu Asp Cys Leu Ser Gly Asp Tyr Asn Val Gl - #u Glu Gly His Gly Lys# 45- Glu Arg Asn Glu Phe Leu Arg Lys His Asn Il - #e Glu Thr Tyr Leu Ile# 60- Lys Gln Pro Glu Glu Ser Leu Leu Ser Leu Pr - #o Glu Asp Ile Val Lys# 80- Glu Ser Val Ser Cys Ser Asp Arg Arg Asn Se - #r Gly Ala Thr Phe Thr# 95- Glu Gly Ser Trp Ser Pro Glu Leu 100- <210> SEQ ID NO 73<211> LENGTH: 104<212> TYPE: PRT<213> ORGANISM: Rat- <400> SEQUENCE: 73- Lys Trp Gln Phe Asp Val Trp Ser Asn Asp Va - #l Thr Leu Ala Asn His# 15- Met Glu Ala Gly Gly Lys Ala Gly Arg Ile Hi - #s Ile Thr Lys Ala Thr# 30- Leu Asn Tyr Leu Asn Gly Asp Tyr Glu Val Gl - #u Pro Gly Cys Gly Gly# 45- Glu Arg Asn Ala Tyr Leu Lys Glu His Ser Il - #e Glu Thr Phe Leu Ile# 60- Leu Arg Cys Thr Gln Lys Arg Lys Glu Glu Ly - #s Ala Met Ile Ala Lys# 80- Met Asn Arg Gln Arg Thr Asn Ser Ile Gly Hi - #s Asn Pro Pro His Trp# 95- Gly Ala Glu Arg Pro Phe Tyr Asn 100- <210> SEQ ID NO 74<211> LENGTH: 104<212> TYPE: PRT<213> ORGANISM: Rat- <400> SEQUENCE: 74- Lys Trp Gln Phe Asp Val Trp Ser Asn Asp Va - #l Thr Leu Ala Asn His# 15- Met Glu Ala Gly Gly Arg Ala Gly Arg Ile Hi - #s Ile Thr Arg Ala Thr# 30- Leu Gln Tyr Leu Asn Gly Asp Tyr Glu Val Gl - #u Pro Gly Arg Gly Gly# 45- Glu Arg Asn Gly Tyr Leu Lys Glu Gln Cys Il - #e Glu Thr Phe Leu Ile# 60- Leu Gly Ala Ser Gln Lys Arg Lys Glu Glu Ly - #s Ala Met Leu Val Lys# 80- Leu Gln Arg Thr Arg Ala Asn Ser Met Glu Gl - #y Leu Met Pro His Trp# 95- Gly Ala Glu Arg Pro Phe Tyr Asn 100- <210> SEQ ID NO 75<211> LENGTH: 102<212> TYPE: PRT<213> ORGANISM: Rat- <400> SEQUENCE: 75- Lys Trp Gln Tyr Asp Val Trp Ser His Asp Va - #l Thr Leu Ala Asn His# 15- Met Glu Ala Gly Gly Val Pro Gly Arg Val Hi - #s Ile Ser Ser Val Thr# 30- Leu Glu His Leu Asn Gly Ala Tyr Lys Val Gl - #u Glu Gly Asp Gly Glu# 45- Ile Arg Asp Pro Tyr Leu Lys Gln His Leu Va - #l Lys Thr Tyr Phe Val# 60- Ile Asn Pro Lys Gly Glu Arg Arg Ser Pro Gl - #n His Leu Phe Arg Pro# 80- Arg His Thr Leu Asp Gly Ala Lys Met Arg Al - #a Ser Val Arg Met Thr# 95- Arg Tyr Leu Ser Trp Gly 100- <210> SEQ ID NO 76<211> LENGTH: 103<212> TYPE: PRT<213> ORGANISM: Rat- <400> SEQUENCE: 76- Lys Asn Gln Tyr Asp Val Asn Ser His Asp Va - #l Thr Leu Ala Asn His# 15- Met Glu Ala Gly Gly Val Pro Gly Arg Val Hi - #s Ile Thr Gly Ala Thr# 30- Leu Ala Leu Leu Ala Gly Ala Tyr Ala Val Gl - #u Arg Ala Asp Met Glu# 45- His Arg Asp Pro Tyr Leu Arg Glu Leu Gly Gl - #u Pro Thr Tyr Leu Val# 60- Ile Asp Pro Trp Ala Glu Glu Glu Asp Glu Ly - #s Gly Thr Glu Arg Gly# 80- Leu Leu Ser Ser Leu Glu Gly His Thr Met Ar - #g Pro Ser Leu Leu Met# 95- Thr Arg Tyr Leu Ser Trp Gly 100- <210> SEQ ID NO 77<211> LENGTH: 103<212> TYPE: PRT<213> ORGANISM: Mouse- <400> SEQUENCE: 77- Lys Trp Gln Tyr Asp Val Trp Ser His Asp Va - #l Ser Leu Ala Asn Arg# 15- Met Glu Ala Ala Gly Val Pro Gly Arg Val Hi - #s Ile Thr Glu Ala Thr# 30- Leu Asn His Leu Asp Lys Ala Tyr Glu Val Gl - #u Asp Gly His Gly Glu# 45- Gln Arg Asp Pro Tyr Leu Lys Glu Met Asn Il - #e Arg Thr Tyr Leu Val# 60- Ile Asp Pro Arg Ser Gln Gln Pro Pro Pro Pr - #o Ser His His Leu Ser# 80- Lys Pro Lys Gly Asp Ala Thr Leu Lys Met Ar - #g Ala Ser Val Arg Val# 95- Thr Arg Tyr Leu Ser Trp Gly 100- <210> SEQ ID NO 78<211> LENGTH: 103<212> TYPE: PRT<213> ORGANISM: Human- <400> SEQUENCE: 78- Lys Trp Gln Tyr Asp Val Trp Ser His Asp Va - #l Ser Leu Ala Asn Arg# 15- Met Glu Ala Ala Gly Val Pro Gly Arg Val Hi - #s Ile Thr Glu Ala Thr# 30- Leu Lys His Leu Asp Lys Ala Tyr Glu Val Gl - #u Asp Gly His Gly Gln# 45- Gln Arg Asp Pro Tyr Leu Lys Glu Met Asn Il - #e Arg Thr Tyr Leu Val# 60- Ile Asp Pro Arg Ser Gln Gln Pro Pro Pro Pr - #o Ser Gln His Leu Pro# 80- Arg Pro Lys Gly Asp Ala Ala Leu Lys Met Ar - #g Ala Ser Val Arg Met# 95- Thr Arg Tyr Leu Ser Trp Gly 100- <210> SEQ ID NO 79<211> LENGTH: 107<212> TYPE: PRT<213> ORGANISM: Yeast- <400> SEQUENCE: 79- Asn Val Lys Ile Asp Arg Ile Ser Pro Gly As - #p Gly Ala Thr Phe Pro# 15- Lys Thr Gly Asp Leu Val Thr Ile His Tyr Th - #r Gly Thr Leu Glu Asn# 30- Gly Gln Lys Phe Asp Ser Ser Val Asp Arg Gl - #y Ser Pro Phe Gln Cys# 45- Asn Ile Gly Val Gly Gln Val Ile Lys Gly Tr - #p Asp Val Gly Ile Pro# 60- Lys Leu Ser Val Gly Glu Lys Ala Arg Leu Th - #r Ile Pro Gly Pro Tyr# 80- Ala Tyr Gly Pro Arg Gly Phe Pro Gly Leu Il - #e Pro Pro Asn Ser Thr# 95- Leu Val Phe Asp Val Glu Leu Leu Lys Val As - #n# 105- <210> SEQ ID NO 80<211> LENGTH: 107<212> TYPE: PRT<213> ORGANISM: Human- <400> SEQUENCE: 80- Gly Val Gln Val Glu Thr Ile Ser Pro Gly As - #p Gly Arg Thr Phe Pro# 15- Lys Arg Gly Gln Thr Cys Val Val His Tyr Th - #r Gly Met Leu Glu Asp# 30- Gly Lys Lys Phe Asp Ser Ser Arg Asp Arg As - #n Lys Pro Phe Lys Phe# 45- Met Leu Gly Lys Gln Glu Val Ile Arg Gly Tr - #p Glu Glu Gly Val Ala# 60- Gln Met Ser Val Gly Gln Arg Ala Lys Leu Th - #r Ile Ser Pro Asp Tyr# 80- Ala Tyr Gly Ala Thr Gly His Pro Gly Ile Il - #e Pro Pro His Ala Thr# 95- Leu Val Phe Asp Val Glu Leu Leu Lys Leu Gl - #u# 105- <210> SEQ ID NO 81<211> LENGTH: 107<212> TYPE: PRT<213> ORGANISM: Mouse- <400> SEQUENCE: 81- Gly Val Gln Val Glu Thr Ile Ser Pro Gly As - #p Gly Arg Thr Phe Pro# 15- Lys Arg Gly Gln Thr Cys Val Val His Tyr Th - #r Gly Met Leu Glu Asp# 30- Gly Lys Lys Phe Asp Ser Ser Arg Asp Arg As - #n Lys Pro Phe Lys Phe# 45- Thr Leu Gly Lys Gln Glu Val Ile Arg Gly Tr - #p Glu Glu Gly Val Ala# 60- Gln Met Ser Val Gly Gln Arg Ala Lys Leu Il - #e Ile Ser Ser Asp Tyr# 80- Ala Tyr Gly Ala Thr Gly His Pro Gly Ile Il - #e Pro Pro His Ala Thr# 95- Leu Val Phe Asp Val Glu Leu Leu Lys Leu Gl - #u# 105- <210> SEQ ID NO 82<211> LENGTH: 107<212> TYPE: PRT<213> ORGANISM: Bovine- <400> SEQUENCE: 82- Gly Val Glu Ile Glu Thr Ile Ser Pro Gly As - #p Gly Arg Thr Phe Pro# 15- Lys Lys Gly Gln Thr Cys Val Val His Tyr Th - #r Gly Met Leu Gln Asn# 30- Gly Lys Lys Phe Asp Ser Ser Arg Asp Arg As - #n Lys Pro Phe Lys Phe# 45- Arg Ile Gly Lys Gln Glu Val Ile Lys Gly Ph - #e Glu Glu Gly Ala Ala# 60- Gln Met Ser Leu Gly Gln Arg Ala Lys Leu Th - #r Cys Thr Pro Asp Val# 80- Ala Tyr Gly Ala Thr Gly His Pro Gly Val Il - #e Pro Pro Asn Ala Thr# 95- Leu Ile Phe Asp Val Glu Leu Leu Asn Leu Gl - #u# 105- <210> SEQ ID NO 83<211> LENGTH: 107<212> TYPE: PRT<213> ORGANISM: Neurospora crassa- <400> SEQUENCE: 83- Gly Leu Gln Ile Glu Val Gln Gln Glu Gly Gl - #n Gly Thr Arg Glu Thr# 15- Arg Arg Gly Asp Asn Val Asp Val His Tyr Ly - #s Gly Val Leu Thr Ser# 30- Gly Lys Lys Phe Asp Ala Ser Tyr Asp Arg Gl - #y Glu Pro Leu Asn Phe# 45- Thr Val Gly Gln Gly Gln Val Ile Lys Gly Tr - #p Asp Glu Gly Leu Leu# 60- Gly Met Lys Ile Gly Glu Lys Arg Lys Leu Th - #r Ile Ala Pro His Leu# 80- Ala Tyr Gly Asn Arg Ala Val Gly Gly Ile Il - #e Pro Ala Asn Ser Thr# 95- Leu Ile Phe Glu Thr Glu Leu Val Gly Ile Ly - #s# 105- <210> SEQ ID NO 84<211> LENGTH: 105<212> TYPE: PRT<213> ORGANISM: Human- <400> SEQUENCE: 84- Arg Val Asp His Cys Pro Ile Lys Ser Arg Ly - #s Gly Asp Val Leu His# 15- Met His Tyr Thr Gly Lys Leu Glu Asp Gly Th - #r Glu Phe Asp Ser Ser# 30- Leu Pro Gln Asn Gln Pro Phe Val Phe Ser Le - #u Gly Thr Gly Gln Val# 45- Ile Lys Gly Trp Asp Gln Gly Leu Leu Gly Me - #t Tyr Glu Gly Glu Lys# 60- Arg Lys Leu Val Ile Pro Ser Glu Leu Gly Ty - #r Gly Glu Arg Gly Ala# 80- Pro Pro Lys Ile Pro Gly Gly Ala Thr Leu Va - #l Phe Glu Val Glu Leu# 95- Leu Lys Ile Glu Arg Arg Thr Glu Leu# 105- <210> SEQ ID NO 85<211> LENGTH: 103<212> TYPE: PRT<213> ORGANISM: Human- <400> SEQUENCE: 85- Ser Val Leu Lys Lys Gly Asp Lys Thr Asn Ph - #e Pro Lys Lys Gly Asp# 15- Val Val His Cys Trp Tyr Thr Gly Thr Leu Gl - #n Asp Gly Thr Val Phe# 30- Asp Thr Asn Ile Gln Thr Ser Lys Pro Leu Se - #r Phe Lys Val Gly Val# 45- Gly Lys Val Ile Arg Gly Trp Asp Glu Ala Le - #u Leu Thr Met Ser Lys# 60- Gly Glu Lys Ala Arg Leu Glu Ile Glu Pro Gl - #u Trp Ala Tyr Gly Lys# 80- Lys Gly Gln Pro Ala Lys Ile Pro Pro Asn Al - #a Lys Leu Thr Phe Glu# 95- Val Glu Leu Val Asp Ile Asp 100- <210> SEQ ID NO 86<211> LENGTH: 104<212> TYPE: PRT<213> ORGANISM: Yeast- <400> SEQUENCE: 86- Ile Lys Arg Ile Pro Val Glu Asp Cys Leu Il - #e Lys Ala Met Pro Gly# 15- Asp Lys Val Lys Val His Tyr Thr Gly Ser Le - #u Glu Ser Gly Thr Val# 30- Phe Asp Ser Ser Tyr Ser Arg Gly Ser Pro Il - #e Ala Phe Glu Leu Gly# 45- Val Gly Arg Val Ile Lys Gly Trp Asp Gln Gl - #y Val Ala Gly Met Cys# 60- Val Gly Glu Lys Arg Lys Leu Gln Ile Pro Se - #r Ser Leu Ala Tyr Gly# 80- Glu Arg Gly Val Pro Gly Val Ile Pro Pro Se - #r Ala Asp Leu Val Phe# 95- Asp Val Glu Leu Val Asp Val Lys 100- <210> SEQ ID NO 87<211> LENGTH: 110<212> TYPE: PRT<213> ORGANISM: Bovine- <400> SEQUENCE: 87- Thr Gly Arg Val Leu Cys Gly Val Leu Gly Le - #u Arg Lys Trp Gln Tyr# 15- Asp Val Trp Ser Asn Asp Val Thr Leu Ala As - #n Val Met Glu Ala Ala# 30- Gly Leu Pro Gly Lys Val His Ile Thr Lys Th - #r Thr Leu Ala Cys Leu# 45- Asn Gly Asp Tyr Glu Val Glu Pro Gly His Gl - #y His Glu Arg Asn Ser# 60- Phe Leu Lys Thr His Asn Ile Glu Thr Phe Ph - #e Ile Val Pro Ser His# 80- Arg Arg Lys Ile Phe Pro Gly Leu Ile Ile Se - #r Asp Ile Lys Pro Ala# 95- Lys Arg Met Lys Phe Lys Thr Val Cys Tyr Le - #u Ile Val Gln# 110- <210> SEQ ID NO 88<211> LENGTH: 109<212> TYPE: PRT<213> ORGANISM: Rat- <400> SEQUENCE: 88- Ala Asn Lys Met Glu Ala Gly Gly Ile Pro Gl - #y Arg Val His Ile Ser# 15- Gln Ser Thr Met Asp Cys Leu Lys Gly Glu Ph - #e Asp Val Glu Pro Gly# 30- Asp Gly Gly Ser Arg Cys Asp Tyr Leu Asp Gl - #u Lys Gly Ile Glu Thr# 45- Tyr Leu Ile Ile Ala Ser Lys Pro Glu Val Ly - #s Lys Thr Ala Gln Asn# 60- Gly Leu Asn Gly Ser Ala Leu Pro Asn Gly Al - #a Pro Ala Ser Lys Pro# 80- Ser Ser Pro Ala Leu Ile Glu Thr Lys Glu Pr - #o Asn Gly Ser Ala His# 95- Ala Ser Gly Ser Thr Ser Glu Glu Ala Glu Gl - #u Gln Glu# 105- <210> SEQ ID NO 89<211> LENGTH: 101<212> TYPE: PRT<213> ORGANISM: Rat- <400> SEQUENCE: 89- Ala Asn Lys Leu Glu Ser Gly Gly Ile Pro Gl - #y Arg Ile His Ile Ser# 15- Lys Ala Thr Leu Asp Cys Leu Ser Gly Asp Ty - #r Asn Val Glu Glu Gly# 30- His Gly Lys Glu Arg Asn Glu Phe Leu Arg Ly - #s His Asn Ile Glu Thr# 45- Tyr Leu Ile Lys Gln Pro Glu Glu Ser Leu Le - #u Ser Leu Pro Glu Asp# 60- Ile Val Lys Glu Ser Val Ser Cys Ser Asp Ar - #g Arg Asn Ser Gly Ala# 80- Thr Phe Thr Glu Gly Ser Trp Ser Pro Glu Le - #u Pro Phe Asp Asn Ile# 95- Val Gly Lys Gln Asn 100- <210> SEQ ID NO 90<211> LENGTH: 101<212> TYPE: PRT<213> ORGANISM: Drosophilia calmodulin- <400> SEQUENCE: 90- Ala Asn His Met Glu Ser Gly Gly Glu Pro Gl - #y Arg Val His Val Thr# 15- Arg Ala Thr Asp Ser Leu Ser Gly Glu Tyr Gl - #u Val Glu Ala Gly His# 30- Gly Asp Glu Arg Ser Ser Tyr Leu Arg Asp Hi - #s Gly Val Asp Thr Phe# 45- Phe Ile Val Pro Pro Pro His Arg Arg Lys Pr - #o Leu Met Leu Asn Thr# 60- Leu Gly Val Arg Ser Ala Ile Gly Ser Arg Ar - #g Lys Leu Ser Phe Arg# 80- Asn Val Ser Asn Val Val Met Gln Leu Leu Hi - #s Thr Ile Lys Phe Ser# 95- Glu Pro Val Pro Phe 100- <210> SEQ ID NO 91<211> LENGTH: 109<212> TYPE: PRT<213> ORGANISM: Rat- <400> SEQUENCE: 91- Lys Trp Gln Phe Asp Val Trp Ser Asn Asp Va - #l Thr Leu Ala Asn His# 15- Met Glu Ala Gly Gly Lys Ala Gly Arg Ile Hi - #s Ile Thr Lys Ala Thr# 30- Leu Asn Tyr Leu Asn Gly Asp Tyr Glu Val Gl - #u Pro Gly Cys Gly Gly# 45- Glu Arg Asn Ala Tyr Leu Lys Glu His Ser Il - #e Glu Thr Phe Leu Ile# 60- Leu Arg Cys Thr Gln Lys Arg Lys Glu Glu Ly - #s Ala Met Ile Ala Lys# 80- Met Asn Arg Gln Arg Thr Asn Ser Ile Gly Hi - #s Asn Pro Pro His Trp# 95- Gly Ala Glu Arg Pro Phe Tyr Asn His Leu Gl - #y Gly Asn# 105- <210> SEQ ID NO 92<211> LENGTH: 119<212> TYPE: PRT<213> ORGANISM: Dog- <400> SEQUENCE: 92- Gly Met Asp Met Ile Glu Ala Ile Ser Leu Va - #l Arg Glu Val Thr Gly# 15- Val Asn Val Asn Met Arg Val Gly Ile His Se - #r Gly Arg Val His Cys# 30- Gly Val Leu Gly Leu Arg Lys Trp Gln Phe As - #p Val Trp Ser Asn Asp# 45- Val Thr Leu Ala Asn His Met Glu Ala Gly Gl - #y Lys Ala Gly Arg Ile# 60- His Ile Thr Lys Ala Thr Leu Ser Tyr Leu As - #n Gly Asp Tyr Glu Val# 80- Glu Pro Gly Cys Gly Gly Glu Arg Asn Ala Ty - #r Leu Lys Glu His Ser# 95- Ile Glu Thr Phe Leu Ile Leu Arg Cys Thr Gl - #n Lys Arg Val Arg Gly# 110- Gly Gly Gly Pro Arg Pro Gly 115- <210> SEQ ID NO 93<211> LENGTH: 113<212> TYPE: PRT<213> ORGANISM: Rat- <400> SEQUENCE: 93- Lys Trp Gln Phe Asp Val Trp Ser Asn Asp Va - #l Thr Leu Ala Asn His# 15- Met Glu Ala Ala Arg Ala Gly Arg Ile His Il - #e Thr Arg Ala Thr Leu# 30- Gln Tyr Leu Asn Gly Asp Tyr Glu Val Glu Pr - #o Gly Arg Gly Gly Glu# 45- Arg Asn Ala Tyr Leu Lys Glu Gln His Ile Gl - #u Thr Phe Leu Ile Leu# 60- Gly Ala Ser Gln Lys Arg Lys Glu Glu Lys Al - #a Met Leu Ala Lys Leu# 80- Gln Arg Thr Arg Ala Asn Ser Met Glu Gly Le - #u Met Pro Arg Trp Val# 95- Pro Asp Arg Ala Phe Ser Arg Thr Lys Asp Se - #r Lys Ala Phe Arg Gln# 110- Met- <210> SEQ ID NO 94<211> LENGTH: 106<212> TYPE: PRT<213> ORGANISM: Mouse- <400> SEQUENCE: 94- Arg Phe Lys Phe Asp Val Trp Ser Asn Asp Va - #l Asn Leu Ala Asn Leu# 15- Met Glu Gln Leu Gly Val Ala Gly Lys Val Hi - #s Ile Ser Glu Ala Thr# 30- Ala Lys Tyr Leu Asp Asp Arg Tyr Glu Met Gl - #u Asp Gly Arg Val Ile# 45- Glu Arg Leu Gly Gln Ser Val Val Ala Asp Gl - #n Leu Lys Gly Leu Lys# 60- Thr Tyr Leu Ile Ser Gly Gln Arg Ala Lys Gl - #u Ser His Cys Ser Cys# 80- Ala Glu Ala Leu Leu Gly Phe Glu Val Ile As - #p Asp Ser Arg Glu Ser# 95- Ser Gly Pro Arg Gly Gln Gly Thr Ala Ser# 105- <210> SEQ ID NO 95<211> LENGTH: 109<212> TYPE: PRT<213> ORGANISM: Rat- <400> SEQUENCE: 95- Lys Trp Gln Tyr Asp Val Trp Ser His Asp Va - #l Thr Leu Ala Asn His# 15- Met Glu Ala Gly Gly Val Pro Gly Arg Val Hi - #s Ile Ser Ser Val Thr# 30- Leu Glu His Leu Asn Gly Ala Tyr Lys Val Gl - #u Glu Gly Asp Gly Glu# 45- Ile Arg Asp Pro Tyr Leu Lys Gln His Leu Va - #l Lys Thr Tyr Phe Val# 60- Ile Asn Pro Lys Gly Glu Arg Arg Ser Pro Gl - #n His Leu Phe Arg Pro# 80- Arg His Thr Leu Asp Gly Ala Lys Met Arg Al - #a Ser Val Arg Met Thr# 95- Arg Tyr Leu Glu Ser Trp Gly Ala Ala Lys Pr - #o Phe Ala# 105- <210> SEQ ID NO 96<211> LENGTH: 109<212> TYPE: PRT<213> ORGANISM: Rat- <400> SEQUENCE: 96- Lys Trp Gln Tyr Asp Val Trp Ser His Asp Va - #l Thr Leu Ala Asn His# 15- Met Glu Ala Gly Gly Val Pro Gly Arg Val Hi - #s Ile Thr Gly Ala Thr# 30- Leu Ala Leu Leu Ala Gly Ala Tyr Ala Val Gl - #u Arg Ala Asp Met Glu# 45- His Arg Asp Pro Tyr Leu Arg Glu Leu Gly Gl - #u Pro Thr Tyr Leu Val# 60- Ile Asp Pro Trp Ala Glu Glu Glu Asp Glu Ly - #s Gly Thr Glu Arg Gly# 80- Leu Leu Ser Ser Leu Glu Gly His Thr Met Ar - #g Pro Ser Leu Leu Met# 95- Thr Arg Tyr Leu Glu Ser Trp Gly Ala Ala Ly - #s Pro Phe# 105- <210> SEQ ID NO 97<211> LENGTH: 114<212> TYPE: PRT<213> ORGANISM: Rat- <400> SEQUENCE: 97- Lys Trp Gln Tyr Asp Val Trp Ser His Asp Va - #l Ser Leu Ala Asn Arg# 15- Met Glu Ala Ala Gly Val Pro Gly Arg Val Hi - #s Ile Thr Glu Ala Thr# 30- Leu Asn His Leu Asp Lys Ala Tyr Glu Val Gl - #u Asp Gly His Gly Glu# 45- Gln Arg Asp Pro Tyr Leu Lys Glu Met Asn Il - #e Arg Thr Tyr Leu Val# 60- Ile Asp Pro Arg Ser Gln Gln Pro Pro Pro Pr - #o Ser His His Leu Ser# 80- Lys Pro Lys Gly Asp Lys Ala Thr Leu Lys Me - #t Arg Ala Ser Val Arg# 95- Val Thr Arg Tyr Leu Glu Ser Trp Gly Ala Al - #a Arg Pro Phe Ala His# 110- Leu Asn__________________________________________________________________________

Number	Date	Country	Kind
9502806	Feb 1995	GBX
9516528	Aug 1995	GBX

Calcineurin regulatable adenylate cyclase

Information

Patent Number

Date Filed

Date Issued

Inventors

Original Assignees

Examiners

Agents

CPC

US Classifications

Field of Search

US

International Classifications

Abstract

Description

Claims

Priority Claims (2)

PCT Information

Non-Patent Literature Citations (9)

Entry
Antoni et al., Ca2+/calcineurin inhibition of adenylyl cyclase in mouse anterior pituitary corticotroph tumor cells, J. Physiol, vol. 475P, 1994, pp. 137P-138P.
Shipston et al., Glucocorticoid Negative Feedback in Pituitary Corticotropes, Annals NY Academy of Sciences, vol. 746, Nov. 30, 1994, pp. 453-455.
Paterson et al., Control of a Novel Adenylyl Cyclase by Calcineurin, Biochemical & Biophysical Resrch Communications, vol. 214, No. 3, Sep. 25, 1995, pp. 1000-1008.
Antoni et al., Calcineurin Feedback Inhibition of Agonist-evoked cAMP Formation, Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol. 270, No. 47, Nov. 24, 1995, pp. 28055-28061.
Krupinski et al., Molecular Diversity in the Adenylylcyclase Family, Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol. 267, No. 34, Dec. 5, 1992, pp. 24858-24862.
Premont et al., Two members of a widely expressed subfamily of hormone-stimulated adenylyl cyclases, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., vol. 89, Dec. 1992, pp. 9809-9813.
Premont, Identification of Adenylyl Cyclases by Amplification Using Degenerate Primers, Methods in Enzymology, vol. 238, pp. 116-127, (1994).
Kerwin et al., Adenylate Cyclase Subtypes as Molecular Drug Targets, Annual Reports in Medicinal Chemistry, Chapter 29, pp. 287-295, (1994).
Pieroni et al., Signal Recognition and Integration by Gs-Stimulated Adenylyl Cyclases, Current Opinion in Neurobiology (1993), vol. 3, pp. 344-351.