BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to ammunition of firearms, for both smoothbore and a rifled barrels.
Known are the following conventional projectile designs: a fletched-subcaliber bullet for smooth-bore barrels. Authors: D. I. Shiryaev, V. V. Shipilov, N. V. Terehov, SU Patent No. 3246468 A1, published Jan. 1, 1972. It is taken as a prototype. In the prototype, a bullet casing with lead core, plastic fletching fixed of the straight tail. A well-known shell-bullet “Sauvestre”, published in “Kalashnikov, weapons, ammunition, equipment” Journal of February 2000, with a bullet weighing 24 g. The round is subcaliber, with a container. This is a decent round, but the fletching is in the aerodynamic shadow. Another known projectile is shown in my application No. RU 2012139499, published on Mar. 20, 2014.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Reference will now be made in detail to the preferred embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
The proposed projectile is made in a caliber of a barrel, and includes a housing 1, see FIGS. 1, 2, 9 which is made of steel tubes, non-ferrous metals, such as copper, or their alloys, high-strength plastics. The projectile has different diameters d2 and length L2, see FIG. 2, and depending on the caliber, L4, see FIG. 2, and has varying thickness, on top of the housing there is an edge bevel L3, see FIG. 2, to improve the aerodynamic properties of the projectile, and its penetrating power. Also on top of the housing there is a technological groove 9, see FIGS. 1, 5, 7 of arbitrary width, for fixing continuation of plates of the fletching block in the top part.
As an alternative with the sleeve-nozzle, see FIG. 9, the cartridge is shown in sectional view, in the bottom part of the housing at the inner edge there is a threaded connection 15, see FIG. 9, therefore, on the sleeve-nozzle opposing part there is a corresponding thread. The sleeve-nozzle 16, see FIG. 9, is made of steel or non-ferrous metals such as copper, or alloys thereof, and includes a head and a threaded tube-nozzle of inner diameter d3, see FIG. 9 and, depending on caliber, of a length L6, see FIG. 9, which also varies.
In the area of compound of fletching block with the sleeve-nozzle on it there is a recess 17, see FIG. 9, to prevent turning of the fletching block. The core 2, see FIGS. 2, 5, 9 (a projectile in cross-section) with a diameter d1, see FIG. 2 (depending on the caliber) is made out of heavy metal, such as lead or steel.
As an option, a funnel-shaped cavity is made in the upper part of the core—i.e., expansive funnel 8, see FIGS. 2, 5. As an alternative to a funnel on top of housing there is a conical lid 13, see FIGS. 6, 9 with an expansive cavity or without it, see 14 in FIGS. 6, 9, for locking on the threads in the center core, made out of a solid metal, such as steel, nonferrous metals or their alloys, or high strength plastics. In the core in the rear of the housing there is a cavity in the shape of a polyhedron 10, see FIGS. 2, 7, for example—in this illustration, a square, to avoid turning of the fletching block. As an option, a protrusion of the core L5, see FIG. 5 is made in the shape of a polyhedron, for example—in the form of a square. For technological processing of the steel core, instead of the cavity in the shape of a polyhedron 10, see FIGS. 2, 7, in the core, a cavity is made with a screw thread, the direction of the thread corresponds to the direction of the barrel rifling.
As an option of the core made from steel, on a continuation of the core from the housing L5, see FIG. 5, instead of a polyhedron there is a screw thread.
The Fletching block 3, see FIGS. 1, 2, 3, 4, 9 for smoothbore barrels include stabilizing plates 4.5, see FIGS. 1, 3, 4: FIG. 3 shows a rear view, and the number of plates may be varied. The plates are arranged in a straight line, have a continuation on the housing L1, see FIG. 2, almost to the front edge, where, in the technological groove, in the housing, there are fixed, centering a projectile in the barrel, with the expansion of the area of the plates to the center of the fletching block at the end, for aerodynamic stabilization.
Alternatively, for rifled barrels, the stabilizing plate is disposed at an angle 5, see FIG. 4, also with the transition on the housing, in technological groove in the housing are fixed, with the expansion of the area of the plates to the center of the of fletching block at the end of. In a junction of the housing and the block of fletching, on the block the ledge in the form of a polyhedron is made 11, see FIGS. 2, 4, for example a square. As an option, in the block there is a cavity under a polyhedron of the continuation of the core L5, see FIG. 5. Diameter d2, see FIG. 2 of the block of fletching of a projectile, is 2-12 percent larger in diameter than the caliber of a barrel, depending on a material of manufacturing. For example, a 12 caliber barrel 18.4 mm, the projectile housing diameter of 14 mm, respectively, the height of the plates on the housing is 2.5 mm on each side, and they are not in aerodynamic shadow.
The fletching block is made of high-strength plastics or non-ferrous metals such as copper, or alloys thereof. A rigid mounting of the block to the housing is achieved by inserting the protrusion in the form of a polyhedron of the Fletching block, to the cavity in the shape of a polyhedron in the core at the rear of housing, as well as at the expense of fixation of continuing plates in the technological groove in the upper part of the housing, see FIG. 2.
As an option, a continuation of the core out of Housing L5, see FIG. 5 is inserted into the cavity in the form of a polyhedron in the fletching block, see FIG. 5. In a variant with a sleeve-nozzle in the middle of the block the hole is made, with a diameter d4, see FIG. 9.
Also, the housing, the core, the cap and sleeve-nozzle can be manufactured as a single unit from hard material such as steel, non-ferrous metals or alloys thereof. The projectile is inserted at the end of the block of fletching on the wad-obturator 12, see FIGS. 1, 8, in which the size of the cavity is made exactly the same as the end of the block of fletching, see FIG. 8. The wad-obturator itself is made of plastic, such as polyethylene, in the diameter of the shell casing, wherein the wad can have different heights.
As an option, with a sleeve-nozzle a wad hole with a diameter d4 is made, see FIGS. 8, 9. Projectile weight can be 10 grams and higher, length can be 15 mm and longer, see L in FIG. 2.
On the powder charge 7, see FIGS. 1, 9 there is placed a gasket 6, see FIGS. 1, 9, then the wad-obturator 12, see FIGS. 1, 9, and on it the projectile, and the shell casing is closed.
As an option, the housing with the sleeve-nozzle, see FIG. 9, the sleeve-nozzle cavity is filled with additional of charge, and is inserted into the wad-obturator hole. An additional charge may be of different purposes, tracer, incendiary, firmly fuel, and so on. How it works, on a powder charge, there is a gasket, then the wad-obturator, and then the projectile.
As an option, the housing with the sleeve-nozzle, on the main powder charge there is a gasket with a hole in the middle under the nozzle, then the wad-obturator is inserted into the opening, and then the projectile with an additional charge.
When fired, at high temperatures and pressure contacting part of plates are softened, the projectile passing through the barrel is centered. It achieves a high initial velocity, since the friction of barrel to the projectile is minimal, plus initializing of additional charge gives a significant acceleration. The center of gravity of the projectile is in the front, as the aerodynamic stabilization at the expense of the fletching block. In rifled barrels, protruding plates of the block of fletching fall into the rifling and the projectile acquires gyroscopic stability.
Having thus described a preferred embodiment, it should be apparent to those skilled in the art that certain advantages of the described apparatus have been achieved.
It should also be appreciated that various modifications, adaptations, and alternative embodiments thereof may be made within the scope and spirit of the present invention. The invention is further defined by the following claims.
Patent Application
20170205213
