The invention relates to a camera, more particularly for recording aerial images from aircraft, having a lens and, affixed on a substrate, at least one digital two-dimensional image sensor, with a predetermined pixel dimension, having arching within a specific tolerance range, said arching in particular being due to the attachment on the substrate.
Practical experience has taught that digital image sensors, in particular CCD (charge coupled device) image sensors, should as a result of commercial demands or for reasons of cost have ever finer pixel geometries or smaller pixel dimensions in the case of unchanging dimensions or utilized amounts of silicon. By way of example, very large CCD sensors with more than 140 megapixels are already in production. This results in pixel dimensions of less than 7.2 μm, more particularly e.g. 5.6 μm. These requirements also increase the requirements in respect of the focused imaging of the light within the pixel geometries at a given depth of field.
There now is a problem inasmuch as the silicon plate of the CCD sensor generally needs to be applied, usually by adhesive bonding, to a substrate, e.g. a housing or the like. Adhesives exert a greater adhesive force at the corners of the silicon plate because the silicon material is pulled by two force vectors. As a result, the silicon plate obtains measurable arching.
During the production process—for as long as the silicon plate or the CCD sensor 1.2 has not yet been adhesively bonded and therefore does not yet have arching 3—the individual pixels can be considered to be small, at least rectangular or even square light-sensitive regions 4, which are arranged on the surface of the silicon plate or of the CCD sensor 1.2 as a grid 5. In
However, a good image quality should be ensured if such CCD sensors 1.1 to 1.3 are used in cameras, more particularly for recording aerial images from aircraft, even in the case of relatively small pixel dimensions and relatively large CCD sensors 1.1 to 1.3.
Proceeding therefrom, the object of the present invention is to avoid the disadvantages of the prior art, in particular to develop a camera of the type mentioned at the outset, in which a sufficient image quality is ensured even in the case of small pixel dimensions and large image sensors.
According to the invention, this object is achieved by a camera, more particularly for recording aerial images from aircraft, having a lens with, affixed on a substrate, at least one digital two-dimensional image sensor, with a predetermined pixel dimension, having arching within a specific tolerance range, said arching in particular being due to the attachment on the substrate, wherein the lens brings about at least partial optical compensation of the arching of the digital two-dimensional image sensor.
As a result of the measures according to the invention, the arching, and hence the reduced image quality accompanying this, is advantageously compensated for optically, particularly in the case of relatively small pixel dimensions. This is brought about by the lens or the design of the optical unit. To this end, a tolerance range for the arching of the digital two-dimensional image sensor should be prescribed during the production in order to be able to define the optical unit accordingly. This tolerance range should be kept as constant as possible during the production process.
Accordingly, it is very advantageous if the observation light rays or the light are/is, as a result of the compensation, at least approximately imaged in focus within the pixel dimension or the pixel geometry of the digital planar two-dimensional image sensor.
The optical imaging properties of the lens can be established in advance on the basis of a predetermined model related to a specific tolerance range of the arching of the digital two-dimensional image sensor.
For compensating the arching, at least one optical element of the lens can bring about an appropriate image distortion.
A digital two-dimensional image sensor can be adhesively bonded onto the substrate and preferably have a pixel dimension of less than or equal to 7.2 μm, more particularly of 5.6 μm. Here, there is a connection between the pixel dimension, the imaging-point dimension of the lens and the curvature of the digital two-dimensional image sensor. The pixel dimensions are therefore not set absolutely.
The digital two-dimensional image sensor or frame sensor can be embodied as CCD sensor, CMOS sensor or the like. The pixels of the digital two-dimensional image sensor can be arranged in the form of a rectangular matrix.
The substrate can comprise glass, ceramics or plastic, or be made therefrom.
Claim 9 specifies a photogrammetric camera system having a plurality of cameras.
Advantageous embodiments and developments of the invention emerge from the dependent claims.
In the following text, the drawing will be used to describe the principles of an exemplary embodiment of the invention.
In detail:
The CCD image sensor 1.4 is adhesively bonded to the substrate 2. In the present exemplary embodiment, the CCD image sensor 1.4 has a pixel dimension of less than or equal to 7.2 μm, more particularly of 5.6 μm. The substrate 2 can be made of glass, ceramics or plastic, or comprise such materials.
The camera 7 can be one of a plurality of cameras of a photogrammetric camera system.
The optical imaging properties of the lens 8 are established in advance on the basis of a predetermined model. To this end, the surface of each CCD sensor 1.4 is measured. The optical imaging properties of the lens 8 are matched to the CCD image sensor 1.4 on the basis of the surface measurement. Moreover, a generic tolerance range Δ1 is specified, within which the CCD image sensor 1.4 is constant during mass production. The model is related to the specific tolerance range Δ1 of the arching 3 of the CCD image sensor 1.4. For clarification purposes,
Number | Date | Country | Kind |
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10 2010 019 805.6 | May 2010 | DE | national |
Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind | 371c Date |
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PCT/EP2011/057185 | 5/5/2011 | WO | 00 | 4/22/2013 |