Patent Application
20240277860
The content of the following submission on ASCII text file is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety: a computer readable form (CRF) of the Sequence Listing (file name: 761682002540SEQLIST.TXT, date recorded: Oct. 2, 2019, size: 13 KB).
A great deal of interest has surrounded the use of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) for the targeted delivery of cytotoxic agents to tumor cells. While a number of different drug classes have been evaluated for delivery via antibodies, only a few drug classes have proved sufficiently active as antibody drug conjugates, while having a suitable toxicity profile, to warrant clinical development. One class receiving interest is the camptothecins.
The design of Antibody Drug Conjugates (ADCs), by attaching a cytotoxic agent to antibody, typically via a linker, involves consideration of a variety of factors, including the presence of a conjugation handle on the drug for attachment to the linker and linker technology for attaching the drug to an antibody in a conditionally stable manner. Certain drug classes thought to be lacking appropriate conjugation handles have been considered unsuitable for use as ADCs. Although it may be possible to modify such a drug to include a conjugation handle, such a modification can negatively interfere with the drug's activity profile.
Linkers comprising esters and carbonates have also typically been used for conjugation of alcohol-containing drugs and result in ADCs having variable stability and drug release profiles. A non-optimal profile can result in reduced ADC potency, insufficient immunologic specificity of the conjugate and increased toxicity due to non-specific release of the drug from the conjugate.
Therefore, a need exists for new linker technologies and conjugates useful for targeted therapy. The present invention addresses those and other needs.
The invention provides, inter alia, Camptothecin Conjugates, Camptothecin-Linker Compounds and Camptothecin Compounds, methods of preparing and using them, and intermediates useful in the preparation thereof. The Camptothecin Conjugates of the present invention are stable in circulation, yet capable of inflicting cell death once free drug is released from a Conjugate in the vicinity or within tumor cells.
In one principal embodiment, a Camptothecin Conjugate is provided having a formula (I):
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein
In some embodiments of the Camptothecin Conjugate of formula (I), AA1 is Val. In some embodiments, AA1 is Ala or D-Ala.
In some embodiments of the Camptothecin Conjugate of formula (I), AA2 is Lys. In some embodiments, AA2 is Ala or D-Ala.
In some embodiments of the Camptothecin Conjugate of formula (I), B is an amino acid selected from the group consisting of Arg, Lys, His, Asp, Glu, Thr, Gln, Ala, Phe, Val, Leu, Met, Trp, and D-Ala. In some embodiments, B is D-Ala. In some embodiments, B is Arg, Lys, His, Asp, or Glu. In some embodiments, B is Thr or Gln. In some embodiments, B is Phe, Val, Leu, Met, or Trp.
In some embodiments of the Camptothecin Conjugate of formula (I), RF is H.
In some embodiments of the Camptothecin Conjugate of formula (I), S* is a PEG Unit. In some embodiments, the PEG Unit has the formula:
wherein the wavy line on the left indicates the site of attachment to A, the wavy line on the right indicates the site of attachment to AA1, and b is an integer from 2 to 20, or is 2, 4, 8, or 12. In some embodiments, the PEG Unit has the formula:
wherein the wavy line on the left indicates the site of attachment to A, the wavy line on the right indicates the site of attachment to AA1, and b is an integer from 2 to 20, or is 2, 4, 8, or 12.
In some embodiments of the Camptothecin Conjugate of formula (I), Z has Formula Za:
wherein the asterisk indicates the position of attachment to the Ligand Unit (L); the wavy line indicates the position of attachment to the Connector Unit (A); and R17 is —C1-C10 alkylene-, C1-C10 heteroalkylene-, —C3-C8 carbocyclo-, —O—(C1-C8 alkylene)-, -arylene-, —C1-C10 alkylene-arylene-, -arylene-C1-C10 alkylene-, —C1-C10 alkylene-(C3-C8 carbocyclo)-, —(C3-C8 carbocyclo)-C1-C10 alkylene-, —C3-C8 heterocyclo-, —C1-C10 alkylene-(C3-C8 heterocyclo)-, —(C3-C8 heterocyclo)-C1-C10 alkylene-, —C1-C10 alkylene-C(═O)—, C1-C10 heteroalkylene-C(═O)—, —C3-C8 carbocyclo-C(═O)—, —O—(C1-C8 alkylene)-C(═O)—, -arylene-C(═O)—, —C1-C10 alkylene-arylene-C(═O)—, -arylene-C1-C10 alkylene-C(═O)—, —C1-C10 alkylene-(C3-C8 carbocyclo)-C(═O)—, —(C3-C8 carbocyclo)-C1-C10 alkylene-C(═O)—, —C3-C8 heterocyclo-C(═O)—, —C1-C10 alkylene-(C3-C8 heterocyclo)-C(═O)—, —(C3-C8 heterocyclo)-C1-C10 alkylene-C(═O)—, —C1-C10 alkylene-NH—, C1-C10 heteroalkylene-NH—, —C3-C8 carbocyclo-NH—, —O—(C1-C8 alkylene)-NH—, -arylene-NH—, —C1-C10 alkylene-arylene-NH—, -arylene-C1-C10 alkylene-NH—, —C1-C10 alkylene-(C3-C8 carbocyclo)-NH—, —(C3-C8 carbocyclo)-C1-C10 alkylene-NH—, —C3-C8 heterocyclo-NH—, —C1-C10 alkylene-(C3-C8 heterocyclo)-NH—, —(C3-C8 heterocyclo)-C1-C10 alkylene-NH—, —C1-C10 alkylene-S—, C1-C10 heteroalkylene-S—, —C3-C8 carbocyclo-S—, —O—(C1-C8 alkylene)-S—, -arylene-S—, —C1-C10 alkylene-arylene-S—, -arylene-C1-C10 alkylene-S—, —C1-C10 alkylene-(C3-C8 carbocyclo)-S—, —(C3-C8 carbocyclo)-C1-C10 alkylene-S—, —C3-C8 heterocyclo-S—, —C1-C10 alkylene-(C3-C8 heterocyclo)-S—, or —(C3-C8 heterocyclo)-C1-C10 alkylene-S—;
wherein R17 is optionally substituted with a Basic Unit (BU) that is —(CH2)xNH2, —(CH2)xNHRa, or —(CH2)xNRa2; wherein x is an integer of from 1-4; and each Ra is independently selected from the group consisting of C1-6 alkyl and C1-6 haloalkyl, or two Ra groups are combined with the nitrogen to which they are attached to form a 4- to 6-membered heterocycloalkyl ring, or an azetidinyl, pyrrolidinyl or piperidinyl group. In some embodiments, R17 is —(C1-C5)alkylene-C(═O)—, wherein the alkylene portion of R17 is optionally substituted with the Basic Unit (BU). In some embodiments, Z is:
In some embodiments, Z is:
In some embodiments, Z is:
In some embodiments of the Camptothecin Conjugate of formula (I), A is a bond.
In another aspect, provided is a Camptothecin Conjugate having a formula (Ib):
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein
In some embodiments of the Camptothecin Conjugate of formula (Ib), y is 1.
In some embodiments of the Camptothecin Conjugate of formula (Ib), b is 8.
In some embodiments of the Camptothecin Conjugate of formula (Ib), AA1-AA2 is Val-Lys.
In some embodiments of the Camptothecin Conjugate of formula (Ib), B is an amino acid selected from the group consisting of Arg, Lys, His, Asp, Glu, Thr, Gln, Ala, Phe, Val, Leu, Met, Trp, and D-Ala.
In some embodiments of the Camptothecin Conjugate of formula (Ib), AA1-AA2-B is Ala-Ala-D-Ala.
In some embodiments of the Camptothecin Conjugate of formula (Ib), RF is H.
In some embodiments of the Camptothecin Conjugate of formula (I) or formula (Ib), p is 1 to 16, or is 2 to 8, or is 2, or is 4, or is 8.
In some embodiments of the Camptothecin Conjugate of formula (I) or formula (Ib), the Ligand Unit is an antibody or an antigen-binding fragment thereof. In some embodiments, the antibody is a monoclonal antibody or an antigen-binding fragment thereof. In some embodiments, the antibody is a cAC10 anti-CD30 antibody or an antigen-binding fragment thereof. In some embodiments, the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises CDR-H1, CDR-H2, CDR-H3, CDR-L1, CDR-L2, and CDR-L3 comprising the amino acid sequences of SEQ ID NOs: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6, respectively. In some embodiments, the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable region comprising an amino acid sequence that is at least 95% identical to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 7 and a light chain variable region comprising an amino acid sequence that is at least 95% identical to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 8. In some embodiments, the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 7 and a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 8. In some embodiments, the antibody comprises a heavy chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 9 or SEQ ID NO: 10 and a light chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 11.
In another principal embodiment, a Camptothecin-Linker Compound is provided having a formula (II):
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein
In some embodiments of the Camptothecin-Linker Compound of formula (II), AA1 is Val. In some embodiments, AA1 is Ala or D-Ala.
In some embodiments of the Camptothecin-Linker Compound of formula (II), AA2 is Lys. In some embodiments, AA2 is Ala or D-Ala.
In some embodiments of the Camptothecin-Linker Compound of formula (II), B is an amino acid selected from the group consisting of Arg, Lys, His, Asp, Glu, Thr, Gln, Ala, Phe, Val, Leu, Met, Trp, and D-Ala. In some embodiments, B is D-Ala. In some embodiments, B is Arg, Lys, His, Asp, or Glu. In some embodiments, B is Thr or Gln. In some embodiments, B is Phe, Val, Leu, Met, or Trp.
In some embodiments of the Camptothecin-Linker Compound of formula (II), RF is H.
In some embodiments of the Camptothecin-Linker Compound of formula (II), S* is a PEG Unit. In some embodiments, the PEG Unit has the formula:
wherein the wavy line on the left indicates the site of attachment to A, the wavy line on the right indicates the site of attachment to AA1, and b is an integer from 2 to 20, or is 2, 4, 8, or 12. In some embodiments, the PEG Unit has the formula:
wherein the wavy line on the left indicates the site of attachment to A, the wavy line on the right indicates the site of attachment to AA1, and b is an integer from 2 to 20, or is 2, 4, 8, or 12.
In some embodiments of the Camptothecin-Linker Compound of formula (II), Z‘ has Formula Z’b:
wherein R17 is —C1-C10 alkylene-, C1-C10 heteroalkylene-, —C3-C8 carbocyclo-, —O—(C1-C8 alkylene)-, -arylene-, —C1-C10 alkylene-arylene-, -arylene-C1-C10 alkylene-, —C1-C10 alkylene-(C3-C8 carbocyclo)-, —(C3-C8 carbocyclo)-C1-C10 alkylene-, —C3-C8 heterocyclo-, —C1-C10 alkylene-(C3-C8 heterocyclo)-, —(C3-C8 heterocyclo)-C1-C10 alkylene-, —C1-C10 alkylene-C(═O)—, C1-C10 heteroalkylene-C(═O)—, —C3-C8 carbocyclo-C(═O)—, —O—(C1-C8 alkylene)-C(═O)—, -arylene-C(═O)—, —C1-C10 alkylene-arylene-C(═O)—, -arylene-C1-C10 alkylene-C(═O)—, —C1-C10 alkylene-(C3-C8 carbocyclo)-C(═O)—, —(C3-C8 carbocyclo)-C1-C10 alkylene-C(═O)—, —C3-C8 heterocyclo-C(═O)—, —C1-C10 alkylene-(C3-C8 heterocyclo)-C(═O)—, —(C3-C8 heterocyclo)-C1-C10 alkylene-C(═O)—, —C1-C10 alkylene-NH—, C1-C10 heteroalkylene-NH—, —C3-C8 carbocyclo-NH—, —O—(C1-C8 alkylene)-NH—, -arylene-NH—, —C1-C10 alkylene-arylene-NH—, -arylene-C1-C10 alkylene-NH—, —C1-C10 alkylene-(C3-C8 carbocyclo)-NH—, —(C3-C8 carbocyclo)-C1-C10 alkylene-NH—, —C3-C8 heterocyclo-NH—, —C1-C10 alkylene-(C3-C8 heterocyclo)-NH—, —(C3-C8 heterocyclo)-C1-C10 alkylene-NH—, —C1-C10 alkylene-S—, C1-C10 heteroalkylene-S—, —C3-C8 carbocyclo-S—, —O—(C1-C8 alkylene)-S—, -arylene-S—, —C1-C10 alkylene-arylene-S—, -arylene-C1-C10 alkylene-S—, —C1-C10 alkylene-(C3-C8 carbocyclo)-S—, —(C3-C8 carbocyclo)-C1-C10 alkylene-S—, —C3-C8 heterocyclo-S—, —C1-C10 alkylene-(C3-C8 heterocyclo)-S—, or —(C3-C8 heterocyclo)-C1-C10 alkylene-S—; wherein R17 is optionally substituted with a Basic Unit (BU) that is —(CH2)xNH2, —(CH2)xNHRa, or —(CH2)xNRa2; wherein x is an integer of from 1-4; and each Ra is independently selected from the group consisting of C1-6 alkyl and C1-6 haloalkyl, or two Ra groups are combined with the nitrogen to which they are attached to form a 4- to 6-membered heterocycloalkyl ring, or an azetidinyl, pyrrolidinyl or piperidinyl group. In some embodiments, R17 is —(C1-C5)alkylene-C(═O)—, wherein the alkylene portion of R17 is optionally substituted with the Basic Unit (BU). In some embodiments, Z′ is:
In some embodiments, Z′ is:
In some embodiments, Z′ is:
In some embodiments of the Camptothecin-Linker Compound of formula (II), A is a bond.
In another aspect, provided is a Camptothecin-Linker Compound having a formula (IIb):
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein
In some embodiments of the Camptothecin Conjugate of formula (IIb), y is 1.
In some embodiments of the Camptothecin Conjugate of formula (IIb), b is 8.
In some embodiments of the Camptothecin Conjugate of formula (IIb), AA1-AA2 is Val-Lys.
In some embodiments of the Camptothecin Conjugate of formula (IIb), B is an amino acid selected from the group consisting of Arg, Lys, His, Asp, Glu, Thr, Gln, Ala, Phe, Val, Leu, Met, Trp, and D-Ala.
In some embodiments of the Camptothecin Conjugate of formula (IIb), AA1-AA2-B is Ala-Ala-D-Ala.
In some embodiments of the Camptothecin Conjugate of formula (IIb), RF is H.
In another principal embodiment, a Camptothecin Compound is provided having a formula (III):
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein
Provided in some aspects is a method of treating cancer in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of a Camptothecin Conjugate of formula (I) or any variation thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof or a Camptothecin Compound of formula (III) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In some embodiments, the cancer is a lymphoma, a leukemia, or a solid tumor. In some embodiments, the method comprises administering to the subject an effective amount of an additional therapeutic agent, one or more chemotherapeutic agents, or radiation therapy.
Provided in some aspects is a method of treating an autoimmune disease in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of a Camptothecin Conjugate of formula (I) or any variation thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof or a Camptothecin Compound of formula (III) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In some embodiments, the autoimmune disease is a Th2 lymphocyte related disorder, a Th1 lymphocyte-related disorder, or an activated B lymphocyte-related disorder.
Provided in some aspects is a method of treating cancer in a subject in need thereof, comprising contacting the cancer cells with the Camptothecin Compound of formula (III) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In some embodiments, the cancer is a lymphoma, a leukemia, or a solid tumor.
Provided in some aspects is a method of preparing a Camptothecin Conjugate of formula (I) or any variation thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, comprising reacting an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof with a Camptothecin-Linker Compound of formula (II) or any variation thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
Provided in some aspects is a pharmaceutical composition comprising the Camptothecin Conjugate of formula (I) or any variation thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
Provided in some aspects is a kit comprising a Camptothecin Conjugate of formula (I) or any variation thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, optionally comprising an additional therapeutic agent.
Provided in some aspects is use of the Camptothecin Conjugate of formula (I) or any variation thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof or the Camptothecin Compound of formula (III) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for treating a disease or disorder.
Provided in some aspects is use of the Camptothecin Conjugate of formula (I) or any variation thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof or a Camptothecin Compound of formula (III) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient, carrier, or diluent, in preparation of a medicament for treating a disease or disorder.
Other principal embodiments as noted above, are Camptothecin-Linker Compounds useful as intermediates for preparing Camptothecin Conjugates, wherein the Camptothecin-Linker Compound is comprised of a Camptothecin Stretcher Unit precursor (Z′) capable of forming a covalent bond to a targeting ligand that provides for a Ligand Unit, and a Releasable Linker (RL) (i.e., -AA1-AA2-B-).
Other principal embodiments as noted above, are Camptothecin-Linker Compounds useful as intermediates for preparing Camptothecin Conjugates, wherein the Camptothecin-Linker Compound is comprised of a Camptothecin and a Linker Unit Precursor (Q′), wherein the Linker Unit Precursor is comprised of a Stretcher Unit precursor (Z′) capable of forming a covalent bond to a targeting ligand that provides for a Ligand Unit, and a Releasable Linker (RL) (i.e., -AA2-B-).
In another aspect, provided herein are methods of treating cancer comprising administering to a subject in need thereof a Camptothecin Conjugate described herein.
In another aspect, provided herein are methods of treating cancer using Camptothecin-Linker Compounds or Camptothecins described herein.
In another aspect, provided herein are kits comprising a Camptothecin Conjugate described herein.
Unless stated otherwise, the following terms and phrases as used herein are intended to have the following meanings. When trade names are used herein, the trade name includes the product formulation, the generic drug, and the active pharmaceutical ingredient(s) of the trade name product, unless otherwise indicated by context.
The term “antibody” as used herein is used in the broadest sense and specifically covers intact monoclonal antibodies, polyclonal antibodies, monospecific antibodies, multispecific antibodies (e.g., bispecific antibodies), and antibody fragments that exhibit the desired biological activity. The native form of an antibody is a tetramer and consists of two identical pairs of immunoglobulin chains, each pair having one light chain and one heavy chain. In each pair, the light and heavy chain variable regions (VL and VH) are together primarily responsible for binding to an antigen. The light chain and heavy chain variable domains consist of a framework region interrupted by three hypervariable regions, also called “complementarity determining regions” or “CDRs.” The constant regions may be recognized by and interact with the immune system. (see, e.g., Janeway et al., 2001, Immunol. Biology, 5th Ed., Garland Publishing, New York). An antibody can be of any type (e.g., IgG, IgE, IgM, IgD, and IgA), class (e.g., IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgG4, IgA1 and IgA2) or subclass. The antibody can be derived from any suitable species. In some embodiments, the antibody is of human or murine origin. An antibody can be, for example, human, humanized or chimeric.
The term “monoclonal antibody” as used herein refers to an antibody obtained from a population of substantially homogeneous antibodies, i.e., the individual antibodies comprising the population are identical except for possible naturally-occurring mutations that may be present in minor amounts. Monoclonal antibodies are highly specific, being directed against a single antigenic site. The modifier “monoclonal” indicates the character of the antibody as being obtained from a substantially homogeneous population of antibodies, and is not to be construed as requiring production of the antibody by any particular method.
An “intact antibody” is one which comprises an antigen-binding variable region as well as a light chain constant domain (CL) and heavy chain constant domains, CH1, CH2, CH3 and CH4, as appropriate for the antibody class. The constant domains may be native sequence constant domains (e.g., human native sequence constant domains) or amino acid sequence variant thereof.
An “antibody fragment” comprises a portion of an intact antibody, comprising the antigen-binding or variable region thereof. Examples of antibody fragments include Fab, Fab′, F(ab′)2, and Fv fragments, diabodies, triabodies, tetrabodies, linear antibodies, single-chain antibody molecules, scFv, scFv-Fc, multispecific antibody fragments formed from antibody fragment(s), a fragment(s) produced by a Fab expression library, or an epitope-binding fragments of any of the above which immunospecifically bind to a target antigen (e.g., a cancer cell antigen, a viral antigen or a microbial antigen).
An “antigen” is an entity to which an antibody specifically binds.
The terms “specific binding” and “specifically binds” mean that the antibody or antibody derivative will bind, in a highly selective manner, with its corresponding epitope of a target antigen and not with the multitude of other antigens. Typically, the antibody or antibody derivative binds with an affinity of at least about 1×10−7 M, and preferably 10−8 M to 10−9 M, 10−10 M, 10−11 M, or 10−12 M and binds to the predetermined antigen with an affinity that is at least two-fold greater than its affinity for binding to a non-specific antigen (e.g., BSA, casein) other than the predetermined antigen or a closely-related antigen.
The term “inhibit” or “inhibition of” means to reduce by a measurable amount, or to prevent entirely.
The term “therapeutically effective amount” refers to an amount of a conjugate effective to treat a disease or disorder in a mammal. In the case of cancer, the therapeutically effective amount of the conjugate may reduce the number of cancer cells; reduce the tumor size; inhibit (i.e., slow to some extent and preferably stop) cancer cell infiltration into peripheral organs; inhibit (i.e., slow to some extent and preferably stop) tumor metastasis; inhibit, to some extent, tumor growth; and/or relieve to some extent one or more of the symptoms associated with the cancer. To the extent the drug may inhibit growth and/or kill existing cancer cells, it may be cytostatic and/or cytotoxic. For cancer therapy, efficacy can, for example, be measured by assessing the time to disease progression (TTP) and/or determining the response rate (RR).
The term “substantial” or “substantially” refers to a majority, i.e. >50% of a population, of a mixture or a sample, preferably more than 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% of a population.
The term “cytotoxic activity” refers to a cell-killing effect of a drug or Camptothecin Conjugate or an intracellular metabolite of a Camptothecin Conjugate. Cytotoxic activity may be expressed as the IC50 value, which is the concentration (molar or mass) per unit volume at which half the cells survive.
The term “cytostatic activity” refers to an anti-proliferative effect of a drug or Camptothecin Conjugate or an intracellular metabolite of a Camptothecin Conjugate.
The term “cytotoxic agent” as used herein refers to a substance that has cytotoxic activity and causes destruction of cells. The term is intended to include chemotherapeutic agents, and toxins such as small molecule toxins or enzymatically active toxins of bacterial, fungal, plant or animal origin, including synthetic analogs and derivatives thereof.
The terms “cancer” and “cancerous” refer to or describe the physiological condition or disorder in mammals that is typically characterized by unregulated cell growth. A “tumor” comprises one or more cancerous cells.
An “autoimmune disease” as used herein refers to a disease or disorder arising from and directed against an individual's own tissues or proteins.
“Patient” as used herein refers to a subject to whom is administered a Camptothecin Conjugate of the present invention. Patient includes, but are not limited to, a human, rat, mouse, guinea pig, non-human primate, pig, goat, cow, horse, dog, cat, bird and fowl. Typically, the patient is a rat, mouse, dog, human or non-human primate, more typically a human.
The terms “treat” or “treatment,” unless otherwise indicated by context, refer to therapeutic treatment and prophylactic wherein the object is to inhibit or slow down (lessen) an undesired physiological change or disorder, such as the development or spread of cancer. For purposes of this invention, beneficial or desired clinical results include, but are not limited to, alleviation of symptoms, diminishment of extent of disease, stabilized (i.e., not worsening) state of disease, delay or slowing of disease progression, amelioration or palliation of the disease state, and remission (whether partial or total), whether detectable or undetectable. “Treatment” can also mean prolonging survival as compared to expected survival if not receiving treatment. Those in need of treatment include those already with the condition or disorder as well as those prone to have the condition or disorder.
In the context of cancer, the term “treating” includes any or all of: killing tumor cells; inhibiting growth of tumor cells, cancer cells, or of a tumor; inhibiting replication of tumor cells or cancer cells, lessening of overall tumor burden or decreasing the number of cancerous cells, and ameliorating one or more symptoms associated with the disease.
In the context of an autoimmune disease, the term “treating” includes any or all of: inhibiting replication of cells associated with an autoimmune disease state including, but not limited to, cells that produce an autoimmune antibody, lessening the autoimmune-antibody burden and ameliorating one or more symptoms of an autoimmune disease.
The term “pharmaceutically acceptable form” as used herein refers to a form of a disclosed compound including, but is not limited to, pharmaceutically acceptable salts, esters, hydrates, solvates, polymorphs, isomers, prodrugs, and isotopically labeled derivatives thereof. In one embodiment, a “pharmaceutically acceptable form” includes, but is not limited to, pharmaceutically acceptable salts, esters, prodrugs and isotopically labeled derivatives thereof. In some embodiments, a “pharmaceutically acceptable form” includes, but is not limited to, pharmaceutically acceptable isomers and stereoisomers, prodrugs and isotopically labeled derivatives thereof.
In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable form is a pharmaceutically acceptable salt. The term “pharmaceutically acceptable salt,” as used herein, refers to pharmaceutically acceptable organic or inorganic salts of a compound (e.g., a Drug, Drug-Linker, or a Camptothecin Conjugate). In some aspects, the compound can contain at least one amino group, and accordingly acid addition salts can be formed with the amino group. Exemplary salts include, but are not limited to, sulfate, trifluoroacetate, citrate, acetate, oxalate, chloride, bromide, iodide, nitrate, bisulfate, phosphate, acid phosphate, isonicotinate, lactate, salicylate, acid citrate, tartrate, oleate, tannate, pantothenate, bitartrate, ascorbate, succinate, maleate, gentisinate, fumarate, gluconate, glucuronate, saccharate, formate, benzoate, glutamate, methanesulfonate, ethanesulfonate, benzenesulfonate, p-toluenesulfonate, and pamoate (i.e., 1,1′-methylene-bis-(2-hydroxy-3-naphthoate)) salts. A pharmaceutically acceptable salt may involve the inclusion of another molecule such as an acetate ion, a succinate ion or other counterion. The counterion may be any organic or inorganic moiety that stabilizes the charge on the parent compound. Furthermore, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt may have more than one charged atom in its structure. Instances where multiple charged atoms are part of the pharmaceutically acceptable salt can have multiple counter ions. Hence, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt can have one or more charged atoms and/or one or more counterion.
“PEG Unit” as used herein is an organic moiety comprised of repeating ethylene-oxy subunits (PEGs or PEG subunits) and may be polydisperse, monodisperse or discrete (i.e., having discrete number of ethylene-oxy subunits). Polydisperse PEGs are a heterogeneous mixture of sizes and molecular weights whereas monodisperse PEGs are typically purified from heterogeneous mixtures and are therefore provide a single chain length and molecular weight. Preferred PEG Units comprises discrete PEGs, compounds that are synthesized in step-wise fashion and not via a polymerization process. Discrete PEGs provide a single molecule with defined and specified chain length.
The PEG Unit provided herein comprises one or multiple polyethylene glycol chains, each comprised of one or more ethyleneoxy subunits, covalently attached to each other. The polyethylene glycol chains can be linked together, for example, in a linear, branched or star shaped configuration. Typically, at least one of the polyethylene glycol chains prior to incorporation into a Camptothecin Conjugate is derivatized at one end with an alkyl moiety substituted with an electrophilic group for covalent attachment to the carbamate nitrogen of a methylene carbamate unit. Typically, the terminal ethyleneoxy subunit in each polyethylene glycol chains not involved in covalent attachment to the remainder of the Linker Unit or Linker Unit Precursor is modified with a PEG Capping Unit, typically an optionally substituted alkyl such as —CH3, CH2CH3 or CH2CH2CO2H. A preferred PEG Unit has a single polyethylene glycol chain with 2 to 24 —CH2CH2O— subunits covalently attached in series and terminated at one end with a PEG Capping Unit.
Unless otherwise indicated, the term “alkyl” by itself or as part of another term refers to a substituted or unsubstituted straight chain or branched, saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon having the indicated number of carbon atoms (e.g., “—C1-C8 alkyl” or “—C1-C10” alkyl refer to an alkyl group having from 1 to 8 or 1 to 10 carbon atoms, respectively). When the number of carbon atoms is not indicated, the alkyl group has from 1 to 8 carbon atoms. Representative straight chain “—C1-C8 alkyl” groups include, but are not limited to, -methyl, -ethyl, -n-propyl, -n-butyl, -n-pentyl, -n-hexyl, -n-heptyl and -n-octyl; while branched —C3-C8 alkyls include, but are not limited to, -isopropyl, -sec-butyl, -isobutyl, -tert-butyl, -isopentyl, and -2-methylbutyl; unsaturated —C2-C8 alkyls include, but are not limited to, -vinyl, -allyl, -1-butenyl, -2-butenyl, -isobutylenyl, -1 pentenyl, -2 pentenyl, -3-methyl-1-butenyl, -2 methyl-2-butenyl, -2,3 dimethyl-2-butenyl, -1-hexyl, 2-hexyl, -3-hexyl, -acetylenyl, -propynyl, -1 butynyl,-2 butynyl, -1 pentynyl, -2 pentynyl and -3 methyl 1 butynyl. Sometimes an alkyl group is unsubstituted. An alkyl group can be substituted with one or more groups. In other aspects, an alkyl group will be saturated.
Unless otherwise indicated, “alkylene,” by itself of as part of another term, refers to a substituted or unsubstituted saturated, branched or straight chain or cyclic hydrocarbon radical of the stated number of carbon atoms, typically 1-10 carbon atoms, and having two monovalent radical centers derived by the removal of two hydrogen atoms from the same or two different carbon atoms of a parent alkane. Typical alkylene radicals include, but are not limited to: methylene (—CH2—), 1,2-ethylene (—CH2CH2—), 1,3-propylene (—CH2CH2CH2—), 1,4-butylene (—CH2CH2CH2CH2—), and the like. In preferred aspects, an alkylene is a branched or straight chain hydrocarbon (i.e., it is not a cyclic hydrocarbon).
Unless otherwise indicated, “aryl,” by itself or as part of another term, means a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent carbocyclic aromatic hydrocarbon radical of the stated number of carbon atoms, typically 6-20 carbon atoms, derived by the removal of one hydrogen atom from a single carbon atom of a parent aromatic ring system. Some aryl groups are represented in the exemplary structures as “Ar”. Typical aryl groups include, but are not limited to, radicals derived from benzene, substituted benzene, naphthalene, anthracene, biphenyl, and the like. An exemplary aryl group is a phenyl group.
Unless otherwise indicated, an “arylene,” by itself or as part of another term, is an aryl group as defined above which has two covalent bonds (i.e., it is divalent) and can be in the ortho, meta, or para orientations as shown in the following structures, with phenyl as the exemplary group:
Unless otherwise indicated, a “C3-C8 heterocycle,” by itself or as part of another term, refers to a monovalent substituted or unsubstituted aromatic or non-aromatic monocyclic or bicyclic ring system having from 3 to 8 carbon atoms (also referred to as ring members) and one to four heteroatom ring members independently selected from N, O, P or S, and derived by removal of one hydrogen atom from a ring atom of a parent ring system. One or more N, C or S atoms in the heterocycle can be oxidized. The ring that includes the heteroatom can be aromatic or nonaromatic. Heterocycles in which all of the ring atoms are involved in aromaticity are referred to as heteroaryls and otherwise are referred to heterocarbocycles. Unless otherwise noted, the heterocycle is attached to its pendant group at any heteroatom or carbon atom that results in a stable structure. As such a heteroaryl may be bonded through an aromatic carbon of its aromatic ring system, referred to as a C-linked heteroaryl, or through a non-double-bonded N atom (i.e., not ═N—) in its aromatic ring system, which is referred to as an N-linked heteroaryl. Thus, nitrogen-containing heterocycles may be C-linked or N-linked and include pyrrole moieties, such pyrrol-1-yl (N-linked) and pyrrol-3-yl (C-linked), and imidazole moieties such as imidazol-1-yl and imidazol-3-yl (both N-linked), and imidazol-2-yl, imidazol-4-yl and imidazol-5-yl moieties (all of which are C-linked).
Unless otherwise indicated, a “C3-C8 heteroaryl,” is an aromatic C3-C8 heterocycle in which the subscript denotes the total number of carbons of the cyclic ring system of the heterocycle or the total number of aromatic carbons of the aromatic ring system of the heteroaryl and does not implicate the size of the ring system or the presence or absence of ring fusion. Representative examples of a C3-C8 heterocycle include, but are not limited to, pyrrolidinyl, azetidinyl, piperidinyl, morpholinyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, tetrahydropyranyl, benzofuranyl, benzothiophene, indolyl, benzopyrazolyl, pyrrolyl, thiophenyl (thiophene), furanyl, thiazolyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridinyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl, isothiazolyl, and isoxazolyl. When explicitly given, the size of the ring system of a heterocycle or heteroaryl is indicated by the total number of atoms in the ring. For example, designation as a 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl indicates the total number or aromatic atoms (i.e., 5 or 6) in the heteroaromatic ring system of the heteroaryl, but does not imply the number of aromatic heteroatoms or aromatic carbons in that ring system. Fused heteroaryls are explicitly stated or implied by context as such and are typically indicated by the number of aromatic atoms in each aromatic ring that are fused together to make up the fused heteroaromatic ring system. For example a 5,6-membered heteroaryl is an aromatic 5-membered ring fused to an aromatic 6-membered ring in which one or both of the rings have aromatic heteroatom(s) or where a heteroatom is shared between the two rings.
A heterocycle fused to an aryl or heteroaryl such that the heterocycle remains non-aromatic and is part of a larger structure through attachment with the non-aromatic portion of the fused ring system is an example of an optionally substituted heterocycle in which the heterocycle is substituted by ring fusion with the aryl or heteroaryl. Likewise, an aryl or heteroaryl fused to heterocycle or carbocycle that is part of a larger structure through attachment with the aromatic portion of the fused ring system is an example of an optionally substituted aryl or heterocycle in which the aryl or heterocycle is substituted by ring fusion with the heterocycle or carbocycle.
Unless otherwise indicated, “C3-C8 heterocyclo,” by itself or as part of another term, refers to a C3-C8 heterocyclic defined above wherein one of the hydrogen atoms of the heterocycle is replaced with a bond (i.e., it is divalent). Unless otherwise indicated, a “C3-C8 heteroarylene,” by itself or as part of another term, refers to a C3-C8 heteroaryl group defined above wherein one of the heteroaryl group's hydrogen atoms is replaced with a bond (i.e., it is divalent).
Unless otherwise indicated, a “C3-C8 carbocycle,” by itself or as part of another term, is a 3-, 4-, 5-, 6-, 7- or 8-membered monovalent, substituted or unsubstituted, saturated or unsaturated non-aromatic monocyclic or bicyclic carbocyclic ring derived by the removal of one hydrogen atom from a ring atom of a parent ring system. Representative —C3-C8 carbocycles include, but are not limited to, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclopentadienyl, cyclohexyl, cyclohexenyl, 1,3-cyclohexadienyl, 1,4-cyclohexadienyl, cycloheptyl, 1,3-cycloheptadienyl, 1,3,5-cycloheptatrienyl, cyclooctyl, and cyclooctadienyl.
Unless otherwise indicated, a “C3-C8 carbocyclo,” by itself or as part of another term, refers to a C3-C8 carbocycle group defined above wherein another of the carbocycle groups' hydrogen atoms is replaced with a bond (i.e., it is divalent).
Unless otherwise indicated, the term “heteroalkyl,” by itself or in combination with another term, means, unless otherwise stated, a stable straight or branched chain hydrocarbon, or combinations thereof, fully saturated or containing from 1 to 3 degrees of unsaturation, consisting of the stated number of carbon atoms and from one to ten, preferably one to three, heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of O, N, Si and S, and wherein the nitrogen and sulfur atoms may optionally be oxidized and the nitrogen heteroatom may optionally be quaternized. The heteroatom(s) O, N and S may be placed at any interior position of the heteroalkyl group or at the position at which the alkyl group is attached to the remainder of the molecule. The heteroatom Si may be placed at any position of the heteroalkyl group, including the position at which the alkyl group is attached to the remainder of the molecule. Examples include —CH2—CH2—O—CH3, —CH2—CH2—NH—CH3, —CH2—CH2—N(CH3)—CH3, —CH2—S—CH2—CH3, —CH2—CH2—S(O)—CH3, —NH—CH2—CH2—NH—C(O)—CH2—CH3, —CH2—CH2—S(O)2-CH3, —CH═CH—O—CH3, —Si(CH3)3, —CH2—CH═N—O—CH3, and —CH═CH—N(CH3)—CH3. Up to two heteroatoms may be consecutive, such as, for example, —C2—NH—OCH3 and —CH2—O—Si(CH3)3. Typically, a C1 to C4 heteroalkyl or heteroalkylene has 1 to 4 carbon atoms and 1 or 2 heteroatoms and a C1 to C3 heteroalkyl or heteroalkylene has 1 to 3 carbon atoms and 1 or 2 heteroatoms. In some aspects, a heteroalkyl or heteroalkylene is saturated.
Unless otherwise indicated, the term “heteroalkylene” by itself or in combination with another term means a divalent group derived from heteroalkyl (as discussed above), as exemplified by —CH2—CH2—S—CH2—CH2— and —CH2—S—CH2—CH2—NH—CH2—. For heteroalkylene groups, heteroatoms can also occupy either or both of the chain termini. Still further, for alkylene and heteroalkylene linking groups, no orientation of the linking group is implied.
Unless otherwise indicated, “aminoalkyl” by itself or in combination with another term means a heteroalkyl wherein an alkyl moiety as defined herein is substituted with an amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino or cycloalkylamino group. Exemplary non-limiting aminoalkyls are —CH2NH2, —CH2CH2NH2, —CH2CH2NHCH3 and —CH2CH2N(CH3)2 and further includes branched species such as —CH(CH3)NH2 and —C(CH3)CH2NH2 in the (R)- or (S)-configuration. Alternatively, an aminoalkyl is an alkyl moiety, group, or substituent as defined herein wherein a sp3 carbon other than the radical carbon has been replaced with an amino or alkylamino moiety wherein its sp3 nitrogen replaces the sp3 carbon of the alkyl provided that at least one sp3 carbon remains. When referring to an aminoalkyl moiety as a substituent to a larger structure or another moiety the aminoalkyl is covalently attached to the structure or moiety through the carbon radical of the alkyl moiety of the aminoalkyl.
Unless otherwise indicated “alkylamino” and “cycloalkylamino” by itself or in combination with another term means an alkyl or cycloalkyl radical, as described herein, wherein the radical carbon of the alkyl or cycloalkyl radical has been replaced with a nitrogen radical, provided that at least one sp3 carbon remains. In those instances where the alkylamino is substituted at its nitrogen with another alkyl moiety the resulting substituted radical is sometimes referred to as a dialkylamino moiety, group or substituent wherein the alkyl moieties substituting nitrogen are independently selected. Exemplary and non-limiting amino, alkylamino and dialkylamino substituents, include those having the structure of —N(R′)2, wherein R′ in these examples are independently selected from hydrogen or C1-6 alkyl, typically hydrogen or methyl, whereas in cycloalkyl amines, which are included in heterocycloalkyls, both R′ together with the nitrogen to which they are attached define a heterocyclic ring. When both R′ are hydrogen or alkyl, the moiety is sometimes described as a primary amino group and a tertiary amine group, respectively. When one R′ is hydrogen and the other is alkyl, then the moiety is sometimes described as a secondary amino group. Primary and secondary alkylamino moieties are more reactive as nucleophiles towards carbonyl-containing electrophilic centers whereas tertiary amines are more basic.
“Substituted alkyl” and “substituted aryl” mean alkyl and aryl, respectively, in which one or more hydrogen atoms, typically one, are each independently replaced with a substituent. Typical substituents include, but are not limited to a —X, —R′, —OH, —OR′, —SR′, —N(R′)2, —N(R′)3, ═NR′, —CX3, —CN, —NO2, —NR′C(═O)R′, —C(═O)R′, —C(═O)N(R′)2, —S(═O)2R′, —S(═O)2NR, —S(═O)R′, —OP(═O)(OR′)2, —P(═O)(OR′)2, —PO3—, PO3H2, —C(═O)R′, —C(═S)R′, —CO2R′, —CO2—, —C(═S)OR′, —C(═O)SR′, —C(═S)SR′, —C(═O)N(R′)2, —C(═S)N(R′)2, and —C(═NR)N(R′)2, where each X is independently selected from the group consisting of a halogen: —F, —C1, —Br, and —I; and wherein each R′ is independently selected from the group consisting of —H, —C1-C20 alkyl, —C6-C20 aryl, —C3-C14 heterocycle, a protecting group, and a prodrug moiety.
More typically substituents are selected from the group consisting of —X, —R′, —OH, —OR′, —SR′, —N(R′)2, —N(R′)3, ═NR′, —NR′C(═O)R′, —C(═O)R′, —C(═O)N(R′)2, —S(═O)2R′, —S(═O)2NR′, —S(═O)R′, —C(═O)R′, —C(═S)R′, —C(═O)N(R′)2, —C(═S)N(R′)2, and —C(═NR)N(R′)2, wherein each X is independently selected from the group consisting of —F and —C1, or are selected from the group consisting of —X, —R′, —OH, —OR′, —N(R′)2, —N(R′)3, —NR C(═O)R′, —C(═O)N(R)2, —S(═O)2R′, —S(═O)2NR′, —S(═O)R′, —C(═O)R′, —C(═O)N(R)2, —C(═NR)N(R′)2, a protecting group, and a prodrug moiety wherein each X is —F; and wherein each R′ is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, -C1-C20 alkyl, —C6-C20 aryl, —C3-C14 heterocycle, a protecting group, and a prodrug moiety. In some aspects, an alkyl substituent is selected from the group consisting —N(R′)2, —N(R′)3 and —C(═NR)N(R′)2, wherein R′ is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and -C1-C20 alkyl. In other aspects, alkyl is substituted with a series of ethyleneoxy moieties to define a PEG Unit. Alkylene, carbocycle, carbocyclo, arylene, heteroalkyl, heteroalkylene, heterocycle, heterocyclo, heteroaryl, and heteroarylene groups as described above may also be similarly substituted.
“Protecting group” as used here means a moiety that prevents or reduces the ability of the atom or functional group to which it is linked from participating in unwanted reactions. Typical protecting groups for atoms or functional groups are given in Greene (1999), “P
A protecting group is suitable when it is capable of preventing or avoiding unwanted side-reactions or premature loss of the protecting group under reaction conditions required to effect desired chemical transformation elsewhere in the molecule and during purification of the newly formed molecule when desired, and can be removed under conditions that do not adversely affect the structure or stereochemical integrity of that newly formed molecule. By way of example and not limitation, a suitable protecting group may include those previously described for protecting functional groups. A suitable protecting group is sometimes a protecting group used in peptide coupling reactions.
“Electron withdrawing group (EWG)” as used herein means a functional group or electronegative atom that draws electron density away from an atom to which it is bonded either inductively and/or through resonance, whichever is more dominant (i.e., a functional group or atom may be electron withdrawing inductively but may overall be electron donating through resonance), and tends to stabilize anions or electron-rich moieties. The electron withdrawing effect is typically transmitted inductively, albeit in attenuated form, to other atoms attached to the bonded atom that has been made electron deficient by the electron withdrawing group (EWG), thus affecting the electrophilicity of a more remote reactive center. Exemplary electron withdrawing groups include, but are not limited to —C(═O), —CN, —NO2, —CX3, —X, —C(═O)OR′, —C(═O)N(R′)2, —C(═O)R′, —C(═O)X, —S(═O)2R′, —S(═O)2OR′, —S(═O)2NHR′, —S(═O)2N(R′)2, —P(═O)(OR′)2, —P(═O)(CH3)NHR′, —NO, —N(R′)3+, wherein X is —F, —Br, —C1, or —I, and R′ in some aspects is, at each occurrence, independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and C1-6 alkyl, and certain O-linked moieties as described herein such as acyloxy.
Exemplary EWGs can also include aryl groups (e.g., phenyl) depending on substitution and certain heteroaryl groups (e.g., pyridine). Thus, the term “electron withdrawing groups” also includes aryls or heteroaryls that are further substituted with electron withdrawing groups. Typically, electron withdrawing groups on aryls or heteroaryls are —C(═O), —CN, —NO2, —CX3, and —X, wherein X independently selected is halogen, typically —F or —Cl. Depending on their substituents, an alkyl moiety may also be an electron withdrawing group.
“Leaving group ability” relates to the ability of an alcohol-, thiol-, amine- or amide-containing compound corresponding to a Camptothecin in a Camptothecin Conjugate to be released from the Conjugate as a free drug subsequent to activation of a self-immolative event within the Conjugate. That release can be variable without the benefit of a methylene carbamate unit to which its Camptothecin is attached (i.e., when the Camptothecin is directly attached to a self-immolative moiety and does not have an intervening methylene carbamate unit). Good leaving groups are usually weak bases and the more acidic the functional group that is expelled from such conjugates the weaker the conjugate base is. Thus, the leaving group ability of an alcohol-, thiol-, amine- or amide-containing free drug from a Camptothecin will be related to the pKa of the drug's functional group that is expelled from a conjugate in cases where methylene carbamate unit (i.e., one in which a Camptothecin is directly attached to a self-immolative moiety) is not used. Thus, a lower pKa for that functional group will increase its leaving group ability. Although other factors may contribute to release of free drug from conjugates not having the benefit of a methylene carbamate unit, generally a drug having a functional group with a lower pKa value will typically be a better leaving group tha a drug attached via a functional group with a higher pKa value. Another consideration is that, a functional group having too low of a pKa value may result in an unacceptable activity profile due to premature loss of the Camptothecin via spontaneous hydrolysis. For conjugates employing a methylene carbamate unit, a common functional group (i.e., a carbamic acid) having a pKa value that allows for efficient release of free drug, without suffering unacceptable loss of Camptothecin, is produced upon self-immolation.
“Succinimide moiety” as used herein refers to an organic moiety comprised of a succinimide ring system, which is present in one type of Stretcher Unit (Z) that is typically further comprised of an alkylene-containing moiety bonded to the imide nitrogen of that ring system. A succinimide moiety typically results from Michael addition of a sulfhydryl group of a Ligand Unit to the maleimide ring system of a Stretcher Unit precursor (Z′). A succinimide moiety is therefore comprised of a thio-substituted succinimide ring system and when present in a Camptothecin Conjugate has its imide nitrogen substituted with the remainder of the Linker Unit of the Camptothecin Conjugate and is optionally substituted with substituent(s) that were present on the maleimide ring system of Z′.
“Acid-amide moiety” as used herein refers to succinic acid having an amide substituent that results from the thio-substituted succinimide ring system of a succinimide moiety having undergone breakage of one of its carbonyl-nitrogen bonds by hydrolysis. Hydrolysis resulting in a succinic acid-amide moiety provides a Linker Unit less likely to suffer premature loss of the Ligand Unit to which it is bonded through elimination of the antibody-thio substituent. Hydrolysis of the succinimide ring system of the thio-substituted succinimide moiety is expected to provide regiochemical isomers of acid-amide moieties that are due to differences in reactivity of the two carbonyl carbons of the succinimide ring system attributable at least in part to any substituent present in the maleimide ring system of the Stretcher Unit precursor and to the thio substituent introduced by the targeting ligand.
The term “Prodrug” as used herein refers to a less biologically active or inactive compound which is transformed within the body into a more biologically active compound via a chemical or biological process (i.e., a chemical reaction or an enzymatic biotransformation). Typically, a biologically active compound is rendered less biologically active (i.e., is converted to a prodrug) by chemically modifying the compound with a prodrug moiety. In some aspects the prodrug is a Type II prodrug, which are bioactivated outside cells, e.g., in digestive fluids, or in the body's circulation system, e.g., in blood. Exemplary prodrugs are esters and 3-D-glucopyranosides.
In many instances, the assembly of the conjugates, linkers and components described herein will refer to reactive groups. A “reactive group” or RG is a group that contains a reactive site (RS) that is capable of forming a bond with either the components of the Linker unit or Linker Unit Precursor (e.g., A) or the Camptothecin. RS is the reactive site within a Reactive Group (RG). Reactive groups include sulfhydryl groups to form disulfide bonds or thioether bonds, aldehyde, ketone, or hydrazine groups to form hydrazone bonds, carboxylic or amino groups to form peptide bonds, carboxylic or hydroxy groups to form ester bonds, sulfonic acids to form sulfonamide bonds, alcohols to form carbamate bonds, and amines to form sulfonamide bonds or carbamate bonds. The following table is illustrative of Reactive Groups, Reactive Sites, and exemplary functional groups that can form after reaction of the reactive site. The table is not limiting. One of skill in the art will appreciate that the noted R′ and R″ portions in the table are effectively any organic moiety (e.g., an alkyl group, aryl group, heteroaryl group, or substituted alkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl, group) which is compatible with the bond formation provided in converting RG to one of the Exemplary Functional Groups. It will also be appreciated that, as applied to the embodiments of the present invention, R′ may represent one or more components of the self-stabilizing linker or optional secondary linker, as the case may be, and R″ may represent one or more components of the optional secondary linker, Camptothecin, stabilizing unit, or detection unit, as the case may be.
Isotopically-labeled compounds are also within the scope of the present disclosure. As used herein, an “isotopically-labeled compound” or “isotope derivative” refers to a presently disclosed compound including pharmaceutical salts and prodrugs thereof, each as described herein, in which one or more atoms are replaced by an atom having an atomic mass or mass number different from the atomic mass or mass number usually found in nature. Examples of isotopes that can be incorporated into compounds presently disclosed include isotopes of hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorous, fluorine and chlorine, such as 2H, 3H, 13C, 4C, 5N, 18O, 17O, 31P, 32P, 35S, 18F, and 36Cl, respectively.
By isotopically-labeling the presently disclosed compounds, the compounds may be useful in drug and/or substrate tissue distribution assays. Tritiated (H) and carbon-14 (14C) labeled compounds are particularly preferred for their ease of preparation and detectability. Further, substitution with heavier isotopes such as deuterium (H) can afford certain therapeutic advantages resulting from greater metabolic stability, for example increased in vivo half-life or reduced dosage requirements and, hence, may be preferred in some circumstances. Isotopically labeled compounds presently disclosed, including pharmaceutical salts, esters, and prodrugs thereof, can be prepared by any means known in the art. Benefits may also be obtained from replacement of normally abundant 12C with 3C. (See, WO 2007/005643, WO 2007/005644, WO 2007/016361, and WO 2007/016431.)
For example, deuterium (H) can be incorporated into a compound disclosed herein for the purpose in order to manipulate the oxidative metabolism of the compound by way of the primary kinetic isotope effect. The primary kinetic isotope effect is a change of the rate for a chemical reaction that results from exchange of isotopic nuclei, which in turn is caused by the change in ground state energies necessary for covalent bond formation after this isotopic exchange. Exchange of a heavier isotope usually results in a lowering of the ground state energy for a chemical bond and thus causes a reduction in the rate in rate-limiting bond breakage. If the bond breakage occurs in or in the vicinity of a saddle-point region along the coordinate of a multi-product reaction, the product distribution ratios can be altered substantially. For explanation: if deuterium is bonded to a carbon atom at a non-exchangeable position, rate differences of kM/kD=2-7 are typical. If this rate difference is successfully applied to a compound disclosed herein that is susceptible to oxidation, the profile of this compound in vivo can be drastically modified and result in improved pharmacokinetic properties.
When discovering and developing therapeutic agents, the person skilled in the art is able to optimize pharmacokinetic parameters while retaining desirable in vitro properties. It is reasonable to assume that many compounds with poor pharmacokinetic profiles are susceptible to oxidative metabolism. In vitro liver microsomal assays currently available provide valuable information on the course of oxidative metabolism of this type, which in turn permits the rational design of deuterated compounds of those disclosed herein with improved stability through resistance to such oxidative metabolism. Significant improvements in the pharmacokinetic profiles of compounds disclosed herein are thereby obtained, and can be expressed quantitatively in terms of increases in the in vivo half-life (t/2), concen-tra-tion at maximum therapeutic effect (Cmax), area under the dose response curve (AUC), and F; and in terms of reduced clearance, dose and materials costs.
The following is intended to illustrate the above: a compound which has multiple potential sites of attack for oxidative metabolism, for example benzylic hydrogen atoms and hydrogen atoms bonded to a nitrogen atom, is prepared as a series of analogues in which various combinations of hydrogen atoms are replaced by deuterium atoms, so that some, most or all of these hydrogen atoms have been replaced by deuterium atoms. Half-life determinations enable favorable and accurate determination of the extent of the extent to which the improvement in resistance to oxidative metabolism has improved. In this way, it is determined that the half-life of the parent compound can be extended by up to 100% as the result of deuterium-hydrogen exchange of this type.
Deuterium-hydrogen exchange in a compound disclosed herein can also be used to achieve a favorable modification of the metabolite spectrum of the starting compound in order to diminish or eliminate undesired toxic metabolites. For example, if a toxic metabolite arises through oxidative carbon-hydrogen (C—H) bond cleavage, it can reasonably be assumed that the deuterated analogue will greatly diminish or eliminate production of the unwanted metabolite, even if the particular oxidation is not a rate-determining step. Further information on the state of the art with respect to deuterium-hydrogen exchange may be found, for example in Hanzlik et al., J. Org. Chem. 55, 3992-3997, 1990, Reider et al., J. Org. Chem. 52, 3326-3334, 1987, Foster, Adv. Drug Res. 14, 1-40, 1985, Gillette et al, Biochemistry 33(10) 2927-2937, 1994, and Jarman et al. Carcinogenesis 16(4), 683-688, 1993.
Combinations of substituents and variables envisioned by this invention are only those that result in the formation of stable compounds. The term “stable”, as used herein, refers to compounds which possess stability sufficient to allow manufacture and which maintains the integrity of the compound for a sufficient period of time to be useful for the purposes detailed herein (e.g., therapeutic or prophylactic administration to a subject).
Compounds of the present invention are, subsequent to their preparation, preferably isolated and purified to obtain a composition containing an amount by weight equal to or greater than 95% (“substantially pure”), which is then used or formulated as described herein. In certain embodiments, the compounds of the present invention are more than 99% pure.
A number of embodiments of the invention are described below, which are not meant to limit the invention in any way, and are followed by a more detailed discussion of the components that make up the conjugates. One of skill in the art will understand that each of the conjugates identified and any of the selected embodiments thereof is meant to include the full scope of each component and linker.
In one aspect, provided herein are camptothecin conjugates having a formula (I):
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein
In some aspect of these embodiments, p is from 1 to 16. In some aspect of these embodiments, p is 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10. In some aspect, p is 1 to 16, or is 2 to 8, or is 2, or is 4, or is 8. In some aspect of these embodiments, p is 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10. In some aspect, p is 2, 4 or 8. In some aspect, p is 8.
In one group of embodiments, RF is H.
In one group of embodiments, RF is C1-C6 alkyl. In some embodiments, RF is C1-C3 alkyl, such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, or isopropyl. In some embodiments, RF is —CH3.
In some embodiments, the Camptothecin Conjugates have Formula (Ib):
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein
In some aspect of these embodiments, y is an integer from 1 to 8, or 1 to 4; or 1 or 4. In some aspect of these embodiments, y is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8.
In some embodiments, the Camptothecin Conjugates have Formula (Ia):
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein
In some aspect of these embodiments, b is an integer from 2 to 20. In some aspect of these embodiments, b is 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, or 20. In some aspect of these embodiments, b is from 2 to 20, or from 2 to 12, or from 4 to 12. In some aspect of these embodiments, b is 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, or 12. In some aspect of these embodiments, b is 8.
In some aspect of these embodiments, p is from 1 to 16. In some aspect of these embodiments, p is 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10. In some aspect, p is 1 to 16, or is 2 to 8, or is 2, or is 4, or is 8. In some aspect of these embodiments, p is 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10. In some aspect, p is 2, 4 or 8. In some aspect, p is 8.
In some embodiments, the Camptothecin Conjugates have formula:
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof;
wherein AA1, AA2, B, are RF are as defined for formula (I); wherein b is an integer from 2 to 20; wherein y is an integer from 1 to 8, or 1 to 4; or 1 or 4; and wherein p is 2, 4, or 8. In some embodiments, p is 8.
In some embodiments, the Camptothecin Conjugates have formula:
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof;
wherein AA1, AA2, B, are RF are as defined for formula (I); wherein y is an integer from 1 to 8, or 1 to 4; or 1 or 4; and wherein p is 2, 4, or 8. In some embodiments, p is 8.
In some embodiments, the Camptothecin Conjugates have formula:
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof;
wherein AA1, AA2, B, are RF are as defined for formula (I); wherein y is an integer from 1 to 8, or 1 to 4; or 1 or 4; and wherein p is 2, 4, or 8. In some embodiments, p is 8.
In some embodiments, the Camptothecin Conjugates have formula:
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof;
wherein AA1, AA2, B, are RF are as defined for formula (I); wherein b is an integer from 2 to 20; and wherein p is 2, 4, or 8. In some embodiments, p is 8.
In some embodiments, the Camptothecin Conjugates have formula:
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof;
In some embodiments, the Camptothecin Conjugates have formula:
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof;
wherein AA1, AA2, B, are RF are as defined for formula (I); and wherein p is 2, 4, or 8. In some embodiments, p is 8.
In some aspects, when preparing the Camptothecin Conjugates, it will be desirable to synthesize the full drug-linker combination, or the drug in combination with a portion of the linker, prior to conjugation to a targeting ligand. In such embodiments, Camptothecin-Linker Compounds as described herein, are intermediate compounds. In these embodiments, the Stretcher Unit in a Camptothecin-Linker Compound is not yet covalently attached to the Ligand Unit and therefore has a functional group for conjugation to a targeting ligand (i.e., is a Stretcher Unit precursor, Z′). In one aspect, a Camptothecin-Linker Compound comprises a Camptothecin and a Linker Unit Precursor (Q′) comprising a Peptide Releasable Linker (RL) through which the Ligand Unit is connected to the Camptothecin. In one aspect, a Camptothecin-Linker Compound comprises Camptothecin, B, AA2, AA1, S*, A, and Z′. Thus, the Linker Unit Precursor comprises, in addition to RL (which is a Peptide Linker), a Stretcher Unit precursor (Z′) comprising a functional group for conjugation to a Ligand Unit and capable of (directly or indirectly) connecting the RL to the Ligand Unit. In some embodiments, a Connector Unit (A) is present when it is desirable to add more distance between the Stretcher Unit or Stretcher Unit precursor and RL.
In one aspect, provided herein are camptothecin conjugates having a formula (II):
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein
A is a bond or a Connector Unit;
S* is a bond or a Partitioning Agent;
AA1 is an amino acid;
AA2 is an amino acid;
B is an amino acid selected from the group consisting of Arg, Lys, His, Asp, Glu, Thr, Gln, Ala, Phe, Val, Leu, Met, Trp, D-Ala, Aib, and pAbz; and
RF is H or C1-C6 alkyl.
In one group of embodiments, RF is H.
In one group of embodiments, RF is C1-C6 alkyl. In some embodiments, RF is C1-C3 alkyl, such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, or isopropyl. In some embodiments, RF is —CH3.
In some embodiments, the Camptothecin-Linker Compounds have Formula (IIb):
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein
AA1 is an amino acid;
AA2 is an amino acid;
B is an amino acid selected from the group consisting of Arg, Lys, His, Asp, Glu, Thr, Gln, Ala, Phe, Val, Leu, Met, Trp, D-Ala, Aib, and pAbz;
RF is hydrogen or C1-C6 alkyl;
b is an integer from 2 to 20; and
y is an integer from 1 to 8, or 1 to 4; or 1 or 4.
In some aspect of these embodiments, y is an integer from 1 to 8, or 1 to 4; or 1 or 4. In some aspect of these embodiments, y is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8.
In some embodiments, the Camptothecin-Linker Compounds have Formula (IIa):
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein
AA1 is an amino acid;
AA2 is an amino acid;
B is an amino acid selected from the group consisting of Arg, Lys, His, Asp, Glu, Thr, Gln, Ala, Phe, Val, Leu, Met, Trp, D-Ala, Aib, and pAbz;
RF is hydrogen or C1-C6 alkyl; and
b is an integer from 2 to 20.
In some aspect of these embodiments, b is an integer from 2 to 20. In some aspect of these embodiments, b is 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, or 20. In some aspect of these embodiments, b is from 2 to 20, or from 2 to 12, or from 4 to 12. In some aspect of these embodiments, b is 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, or 12. In some aspect of these embodiments, b is 8.
In some embodiments, the Camptothecin-Linker Compounds have formula:
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof;
wherein AA1, AA2, B, are RF are as defined for formula (I).
In some embodiments, the Camptothecin-Linker Compounds have formula:
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof;
wherein AA1, AA2, B, are RF are as defined for formula (I).
In the context of the Camptothecin Conjugates and/or the Camptothecin-Linker Compounds—the assembly is best described in terms of its component groups. While some procedures are also described herein, the order of assembly and the general conditions to prepare the Conjugates and Compounds will be well understood by one of skill in the art.
In one aspect, provided herein are Camptothecin Compounds having a formula (III):
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein
B′ is an amino acid selected from the group consisting of Arg, Lys, His, Asp, Glu, Thr, Gln, Ala, Phe, Val, Leu, Met, Trp, D-Ala, Aib, and pAbz; and
RF is H or C1-C6 alkyl.
In some embodiments of the invention, a Ligand Unit is present. The Ligand Unit (L) is a targeting agent that specifically binds to a target moiety. In one group of embodiments, the Ligand Unit specifically and selectively binds to a cell component (a Cell Binding Agent) or to other target molecules of interest. The Ligand Unit acts to target and present the camptothecin or a drug component containing camptothecin to the particular target cell population with which the Ligand Unit interacts due to the presence of its targeted component or molecule and allows for subsequent release of free drug within (i.e., intracellularly) or within the vicinity of the target cells (i.e., extracellularly). Ligand Units, L, include, but are not limited to, proteins, polypeptides and peptides. Suitable Ligand Units include, for example, antibodies, e.g., full-length antibodies and antigen binding fragments thereof, interferons, lymphokines, hormones, growth factors and colony-stimulating factors, vitamins, nutrient-transport molecules (such as, but not limited to, transferrin), or any other cell binding molecule or substance. In some embodiments, the Ligand Unit (L) is an antibody or a non-antibody protein targeting agent.
In one group of embodiments a Ligand Unit is bonded to Q (a Linker Unit) which comprises a Peptide Releasable Linker. As noted above, still other linking components can be present in the conjugates described herein to serve the purpose of providing additional space between the Camptothecin drug compound and the Ligand Unit (e.g., a Stretcher Unit and optionally a Connector Unit, A), or providing attributes to the composition to increases solubility (e.g., a Partitioning Agent, S*). In some of those embodiments, the Ligand Unit is bonded to Z of the Linker Unit via a heteroatom of the Ligand Unit. Heteroatoms that may be present on a Ligand Unit for that bonding include sulfur (in one embodiment, from a sulfhydryl group of a targeting ligand), oxygen (in one embodiment, from a carboxyl or hydroxyl group of a targeting ligand) and nitrogen, optionally substituted (in one embodiment, from a primary or secondary amine functional group of a targeting ligand or in another embodiment from an optionally substituted amide nitrogen). Those heteroatoms can be present on the targeting ligand in the ligand's natural state, for example in a naturally-occurring antibody, or can be introduced into the targeting ligand via chemical modification or biological engineering.
In one embodiment, a Ligand Unit has a sulfhydryl functional group so that the Ligand Unit is bonded to the Linker Unit via the sulfur atom of the sulfhydryl functional group.
In another embodiment, a Ligand Unit has one or more lysine residues that are capable of reacting with activated esters (such esters include, but are not limited to, N-hydroxysuccimide, pentafluorophenyl, and p-nitrophenyl esters) of a Stretcher Unit precursor of a Camptothecin-Linker Compound intermediate and thus provides an amide bond consisting of the nitrogen atom of the Ligand Unit and the C═O group of the Linker Unit's Stretcher Unit.
In yet another aspect, a Ligand Unit has one or more lysine residues capable of chemical modification to introduce one or more sulfhydryl groups. In those embodiments, the Ligand Unit is covalently attached to the Linker Unit via the sulfhydryl functional group's sulfur atom. The reagents that can be used to modify lysines in that manner include, but are not limited to, N-succinimidyl S-acetylthioacetate (SATA) and 2-Iminothiolane hydrochloride (Traut's Reagent).
In another embodiment, a Ligand Unit has one or more carbohydrate groups capable of modification to provide one or more sulfhydryl functional groups. The chemically modified Ligand Unit in a Camptothecin Conjugate is bonded to a Linker Unit component (e.g., a Stretcher Unit) via the sulfur atom of the sulfhydryl functional group.
In yet another embodiment, the Ligand Unit has one or more carbohydrate groups that can be oxidized to provide an aldehyde (—CHO) functional group (see, e.g., Laguzza, et al., 1989, J. Med. Chem. 32(3):548-55). In these embodiments, the corresponding aldehyde interacts with a reactive site on a Stretcher Unit precursor to form a bond between the Stretcher Unit and the Ligand Unit. Reactive sites on a Stretcher Unit precursor that capable of interacting with a reactive carbonyl-containing functional group on a targeting Ligand Unit include, but are not limited to, hydrazine and hydroxylamine. Other protocols for the modification of proteins for the attachment of Linker Units (Q) or related species are described in Coligan et al., Current Protocols in Protein Science, vol. 2, John Wiley & Sons (2002) (incorporated herein by reference).
In some aspects, a Ligand Unit is capable of forming a bond by interacting with a reactive functional group on a Stretcher Unit precursor (Z′) to form a covalent bond between the Stretcher Unit (Z) and the Ligand Unit corresponding to the targeting ligand. The functional group of Z′ having that capability for interacting with a targeting ligand will depend on the nature of the Ligand Unit. In some embodiments, the reactive group is a maleimide that is present on a Stretcher Unit prior to its attachment to form a Ligand Unit (i.e., a maleimide moiety of a Stretcher Unit precursor). Covalent attachment of a Ligand Unit to a Stretcher Unit is accomplished through a sulfhydryl functional group of a Ligand Unit interacting with the maleimide functional group of Z′ to form a thio-substituted succinimide. The sulfhydryl functional group can be present on the Ligand Unit in the Ligand Unit's natural state, for example, in a naturally-occurring residue, or can be introduced into the Ligand Unit via chemical modification or by biological engineering.
In still another embodiment, the Ligand Unit is an antibody and the sulfhydryl group is generated by reduction of an interchain disulfide of the antibody. Accordingly, in some embodiments, the Linker Unit is conjugated to a cysteine residue from reduced interchain disulfide(s).
In yet another embodiment, the Ligand Unit is an antibody and the sulfhydryl functional group is chemically introduced into the antibody, for example, by introduction of a cysteine residue. Accordingly, in some embodiments, the Linker Unit (with or without an attached Camptothecin) is conjugated to a Ligand Unit through an introduced cysteine residue of a Ligand Unit.
It has been observed for bioconjugates that the site of drug conjugation can affect a number of parameters including ease of conjugation, drug-linker stability, effects on biophysical properties of the resulting bioconjugates, and in-vitro cytotoxicity. With respect to drug-linker stability, the site of conjugation of a drug-linker moiety to a Ligand Unit can affect the ability of the conjugated drug-linker moiety to undergo an elimination reaction, in some instances, to cause premature release of free drug. Sites for conjugation on a targeting ligand include, for example, a reduced interchain disulfide as well as selected cysteine residues at engineered sites. In some embodiments conjugation methods to form Camptothecin Conjugates as described herein use thiol residues at genetically engineered sites that are less susceptible to the elimination reaction (e.g., positions 239 according to the EU index as set forth in Kabat) in comparison to conjugation methods that use thiol residues from a reduced disulfide bond. In other embodiments conjugation methods to form Camptothecin Conjugates as described herein use thiol residues at sites that are more susceptible to the elimination reaction (e.g. resulting from interchain disulfide reduction).
In some embodiments, a Camptothecin Conjugate comprises a non-immunoreactive protein, polypeptide, or peptide, as its Ligand Unit. Accordingly, in some embodiments, the Ligand Unit is a non-immunoreactive protein, polypeptide, or peptide. Examples include, but are not limited to, transferrin, epidermal growth factors (“EGF”), bombesin, gastrin, gastrin-releasing peptide, platelet-derived growth factor, IL-2, IL-6, transforming growth factors (“TGF”), such as TGF-α and TGF-β, vaccinia growth factor (“VGF”), insulin and insulin-like growth factors I and II, somatostatin, lectins and apoprotein from low density lipoprotein.
Particularly preferred Ligand Units are from antibodies. In fact, in any of the embodiments described herein, the Ligand Unit can be from an antibody. Useful polyclonal antibodies are heterogeneous populations of antibody molecules derived from the sera of immunized animals. Useful monoclonal antibodies are homogeneous populations of antibodies to a particular antigenic determinant (e.g., a cancer cell antigen, a viral antigen, a microbial antigen, a protein, a peptide, a carbohydrate, a chemical, nucleic acid, or fragments thereof). A monoclonal antibody (mAb) to an antigen-of-interest can be prepared by using any technique known in the art, which provides for the production of antibody molecules by continuous cell lines in culture.
Useful monoclonal antibodies include, but are not limited to, human monoclonal antibodies, humanized monoclonal antibodies, or chimeric human-mouse (or other species) monoclonal antibodies. The antibodies include full-length antibodies and antigen binding fragments thereof. Human monoclonal antibodies can be made by any of numerous techniques known in the art (e.g., Teng et al., 1983, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 80:7308-7312; Kozbor et al., 1983, Immunology Today 4:72-79; and Olsson et al., 1982, Meth. Enzymol. 92:3-16).
The antibody can be a functionally active fragment, derivative or analog of an antibody that immunospecifically binds to target cells (e.g., cancer cell antigens, viral antigens, or microbial antigens) or other antibodies bound to tumor cells or matrix. In this regard, “functionally active” means that the fragment, derivative or analog is able to immunospecifically binds to target cells. To determine which CDR sequences bind the antigen, synthetic peptides containing the CDR sequences can be used in binding assays with the antigen by any binding assay method known in the art (e.g., the BIA core assay) (See, e.g., Kabat et al., 1991, Sequences of Proteins of Immunological Interest, Fifth Edition, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Md; Kabat E et al., 1980, J. Immunology 125(3):961-969).
Other useful antibodies include fragments of antibodies such as, but not limited to, F(ab′)2 fragments, Fab fragments, Fvs, single chain antibodies, diabodies, triabodies, tetrabodies, scFv, scFv-FV, or any other molecule with the same specificity as the antibody.
Additionally, recombinant antibodies, such as chimeric and humanized monoclonal antibodies, comprising both human and non-human portions, which can be made using standard recombinant DNA techniques, are useful antibodies. A chimeric antibody is a molecule in which different portions are derived from different animal species, such as for example, those having a variable region derived from a murine monoclonal and human immunoglobulin constant regions. (See, e.g., U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,816,567; and 4,816,397, which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.) Humanized antibodies are antibody molecules from non-human species having one or more complementarity determining regions (CDRs) from the non-human species and a framework region from a human immunoglobulin molecule. (See, e.g., U.S. Pat. No. 5,585,089, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.) Such chimeric and humanized monoclonal antibodies can be produced by recombinant DNA techniques known in the art, for example using methods described in International Publication No. WO 87/02671; European Patent Publication No. 0 184 187; European Patent Publication No. 0 171 496; European Patent Publication No. 0 173 494; International Publication No. WO 86/01533; U.S. Pat. No. 4,816,567; European Patent Publication No. 012 023; Berter et al., 1988, Science 240:1041-1043; Liu et al., 1987, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 84:3439-3443; Liu et al., 1987, J. Immunol. 139:3521-3526; Sun et al., 1987, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 84:214-218; Nishimura et al., 1987, Cancer. Res. 47:999-1005; Wood et al., 1985, Nature 314:446-449; and Shaw et al., 1988, J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 80:1553-1559; Morrison, 1985, Science 229:1202-1207; Oi et al., 1986, BioTechniques 4:214; U.S. Pat. No. 5,225,539; Jones et al., 1986, Nature 321:552-525; Verhoeyan et al., 1988, Science 239:1534; and Beidler et al., 1988, J. Immunol. 141:4053-4060; each of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
Completely human antibodies in some instances (e.g., when immunogenicity to a non-human or chimeric antibody may occur) are more desirable and can be produced using transgenic mice that are incapable of expressing endogenous immunoglobulin heavy and light chains genes, but which can express human heavy and light chain genes.
Antibodies include analogs and derivatives that are either modified, i.e., by the covalent attachment of any type of molecule as long as such covalent attachment permits the antibody to retain its antigen binding immunospecificity. For example, but not by way of limitation, derivatives and analogs of the antibodies include those that have been further modified, e.g., by glycosylation, acetylation, PEGylation, phosphorylation, amidation, derivatization by known protecting/blocking groups, proteolytic cleavage, linkage to a cellular antibody unit or other protein, etc. Any of numerous chemical modifications can be carried out by known techniques including, but not limited to, specific chemical cleavage, acetylation, formylation, metabolic synthesis in the presence of tunicamycin, etc. Additionally, the analog or derivative can contain one or more unnatural amino acids.
Antibodies can have modifications (e.g., substitutions, deletions or additions) in amino acid residues that interact with Fc receptors. In particular, antibodies can have modifications in amino acid residues identified as involved in the interaction between the anti-Fc domain and the FcRn receptor (see, e.g., International Publication No. WO 97/34631, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety).
In some embodiments, antibodies of the present disclosure may be described or specified in terms of the particular CDRs they comprise. The precise amino acid sequence boundaries of a given CDR or FR can be readily determined using any of a number of well-known schemes, including those described by Kabat et al. (1991), “Sequences of Proteins of Immunological Interest,” 5th Ed. Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (“Kabat” numbering scheme); Al-Lazikani et al., (1997) JMB 273,927-948 (“Chothia” numbering scheme); MacCallum et al., J. Mol. Biol. 262:732-745 (1996), “Antibody-antigen interactions: Contact analysis and binding site topography,” J. Mol. Biol. 262, 732-745.” (“Contact” numbering scheme); Lefranc M P et aL., “IMGT unique numbering for immunoglobulin and T cell receptor variable domains and Ig superfamily V-like domains,” Dev Comp Immunol, 2003 January; 27(1):55-77 (“IMGT” numbering scheme); Honegger A and Plückthun A, “Yet another numbering scheme for immunoglobulin variable domains: an automatic modeling and analysis tool,” J Mol Biol, 2001 Jun. 8; 309(3):657-70, (“Aho” numbering scheme); and Martin et al., “Modeling antibody hypervariable loops: a combined algorithm,” PNAS, 1989, 86(23):9268-9272, (“AbM” numbering scheme). The boundaries of a given CDR may vary depending on the scheme used for identification. In some embodiments, a “CDR” or “complementarity determining region,” or individual specified CDRs (e.g., CDR-H1, CDR-H2, CDR-H3), of a given antibody or region thereof (e.g., variable region thereof) should be understood to encompass a (or the specific) CDR as defined by any of the aforementioned schemes. For example, where it is stated that a particular CDR (e.g., a CDR-H3) contains the amino acid sequence of a corresponding CDR in a given VH or VL region amino acid sequence, it is understood that such a CDR has a sequence of the corresponding CDR (e.g., CDR-H3) within the variable region, as defined by any of the aforementioned schemes. The scheme for identification of a particular CDR or CDRs may be specified, such as the CDR as defined by the Kabat, Chothia, AbM or IMGT method.
Antibodies immunospecific for a cancer cell antigen can be obtained commercially or produced by any method known to one of skill in the art such as, recombinant expression techniques. The nucleotide sequence encoding antibodies immunospecific for a cancer cell antigen can be obtained, e.g., from the GenBank database or a database like it, the literature publications, or by routine cloning and sequencing.
In a specific embodiment, a known antibody for the treatment of cancer can be used.
In another specific embodiment, antibodies for the treatment of an autoimmune disease are used in accordance with the compositions and methods of the invention.
In certain embodiments, useful antibodies can bind to a receptor or a receptor complex expressed on an activated lymphocyte. The receptor or receptor complex can comprise an immunoglobulin gene superfamily member, a TNF receptor superfamily member, an integrin, a cytokine receptor, a chemokine receptor, a major histocompatibility protein, a lectin, or a complement control protein.
In some aspects, the antibody that is incorporated into a Camptothecin Conjugate will specifically bind to CD19, CD30, CD33, CD70 or LIV-1.
In some aspects, the antibody that is incorporated into a Camptothecin Conjugate specifically binds to CD30. In another aspects, the antibody that is incorporated into a Camptothecin Conjugate is a cAC10 anti-CD30 antibody, which is described in International Patent Publication No. WO 02/43661. In some embodiments, the anti-CD30 antibody is cAC10, which is described in International Patent Publication No. WO 02/43661. cAC10 is also known as brentuximab. In some embodiments, the anti-CD30 antibody comprises the CDRs of cAC10. In some embodiments, the CDRs are as defined by the Kabat numbering scheme. In some embodiments, the CDRs are as defined by the Chothia numbering scheme. In some embodiments, the CDRs are as defined by the IMGT numbering scheme. In some embodiments, the CDRs are as defined by the AbM numbering scheme. In some embodiments, the anti-CD30 antibody comprises CDR-H1, CDR-H2, CDR-H3, CDR-L1, CDR-L2, and CDR-L3 comprising the amino acid sequences of SEQ ID NOs: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6, respectively. In some embodiments, the anti-CD30 antibody comprises a heavy chain variable region comprising an amino acid sequence that is at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at last 98%, at least 99%, or 100% identical to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 7 and a light chain variable region comprising an amino acid sequence that is at least 95% at least 96%, at least 97%, at last 98%, at least 99%, or 100% identical to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 8. In some embodiments, the anti-CD30 antibody comprises a heavy chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 9 or SEQ ID NO: 10 and a light chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 11.
In some aspects, the antibody that is incorporated into a Camptothecin Conjugate specifically binds to CD70. In another aspects, the antibody that is incorporated into a Camptothecin Conjugate is a h1F6 anti-CD70 antibody, which is described in International Patent Publication No. WO 2006/113909. In some embodiments, the anti-CD70 antibody comprises the CDRs of h1F6. In some embodiments, the CDRs are as defined by the Kabat numbering scheme. In some embodiments, the CDRs are as defined by the Chothia numbering scheme. In some embodiments, the CDRs are as defined by the IMGT numbering scheme. In some embodiments, the CDRs are as defined by the AbM numbering scheme. In some aspects, the antibody that is incorporated into a Camptothecin Conjugate specifically binds to CD48. In another aspects, the antibody that is incorporated into a Camptothecin Conjugate is a hMEM102 anti-CD48 antibody, which is described in International Patent Publication No. WO 2016/149535. In some embodiments, the anti-CD48 antibody comprises the CDRs of hMEM102. In some embodiments, the CDRs are as defined by the Kabat numbering scheme. In some embodiments, the CDRs are as defined by the Chothia numbering scheme. In some embodiments, the CDRs are as defined by the IMGT numbering scheme. In some embodiments, the CDRs are as defined by the AbM numbering scheme. In some aspects, the antibody that is incorporated into a Camptothecin Conjugate specifically binds to NTB-A. In another aspects, the antibody that is incorporated into a Camptothecin Conjugate is a h20F3 anti-NTB-A antibody, which is described in International Patent Publication No. WO 2017/004330. In some embodiments, the anti-NTB-A antibody comprises the CDRs of h20F3. In some embodiments, the CDRs are as defined by the Kabat numbering scheme. In some embodiments, the CDRs are as defined by the Chothia numbering scheme. In some embodiments, the CDRs are as defined by the IMGT numbering scheme. In some embodiments, the CDRs are as defined by the AbM numbering scheme.
The Camptothecins utilized in the various aspects and embodiments described herein are represented by the formula:
wherein the wavy line indicates attachment to B or B′ and RF is H or C1-C6 alkyl.
In a specific embodiment, the Camptothecin is selected from the group consisting of:
The Camptothecin is capable of being released from the conjugate as a free drug. The resulting drug-linker moiety is one that can release active free drug from a Camptothecin Conjugate having that moiety at the site targeted by its Ligand Unit in order to exert a cytotoxic, cytostatic or immunosuppressive effect.
“Free drug” refers to drug, as it exists once released from the drug-linker moiety. In some embodiments, the free drug includes a fragment of the Peptide Releasable Linker (RL). In some embodiments, the free drug that includes a fragment of the Peptide Releasable Linker group is biologically active. Free drug that includes a fragment of the Peptide Releasable Linkerare released from the remainder of the drug-linker moiety via cleavage of the releasable linker and are active after release. In some embodiments, the free drug differs from the conjugated drug in that the functional group of the drug for attachment to the self-immolative assembly unit is no longer associated with components of the Camptothecin Conjugate (other than a previously shared heteroatom).
In some embodiments, the Camptothecins are biologically active. In some embodiments, such Camptothecins are useful in a method of inhibiting topoisomerase, killing tumor cells, inhibiting growth of tumor cells, cancer cells, or of a tumor, inhibiting replication of tumor cells or cancer cells, lessening of overall tumor burden or decreasing the number of cancerous cells, or ameliorating one or more symptoms associated with a cancer or autoimmune disease. Such methods comprise, for example, contacting cancer cells with a Camptothecin compound.
As noted above, is some embodiments, the Linker Unit (Q) has a formula -Z-A-S*-RL-, wherein Z is a Stretcher Unit, A is a bond or Connector Unit, S* is a bond or Partitioning Agent, and RL is a Peptide Releasable Linker (e.g., -AA1-AA2-B-). In some embodiments, the Linker Unit Precursor (Q′) has a formula —Z′-A-S*-RL-, wherein Z′ is a Stretcher Unit Precursor, A is a bond or Connector Unit, S* is a bond or Partitioning Agent, and RL is a Peptide Releasable Linker (e.g., -AA1-AA2-B—).
A Stretcher Unit (Z) is a component of a Camptothecin Conjugate or other Intermediate that acts to connect the Ligand Unit to the remainder of the conjugate. In that regard a Stretcher Unit, prior to attachment to a Ligand Unit (i.e. a Stretcher Unit precursor, Z′), has a functional group that can form a bond with a functional group of a targeting ligand.
In some aspects, a Stretcher Unit precursor (Z′) has an electrophilic group that is capable of interacting with a reactive nucleophilic group present on a Ligand Unit (e.g., an antibody) to provide a covalent bond between a Ligand Unit and the Stretcher Unit. Nucleophilic groups on an antibody having that capability include but are not limited to, sulfhydryl, hydroxyl and amino functional groups. The heteroatom of the nucleophilic group of an antibody is reactive to an electrophilic group on a Stretcher Unit precursor and provides a covalent bond between the Ligand Unit and Stretcher Unit. Useful electrophilic groups for that purpose include, but are not limited to, maleimide, haloacetamide groups, and NHS esters. The electrophilic group provides a convenient site for antibody attachment to form a Camptothecin Conjugate or Ligand Unit-Linker intermediate.
In another embodiment, a Stretcher Unit precursor has a reactive site which has a nucleophilic group that is reactive to an electrophilic group present on a Ligand Unit (e.g., an antibody). Useful electrophilic groups on an antibody for that purpose include, but are not limited to, aldehyde and ketone carbonyl groups. The heteroatom of a nucleophilic group of a Stretcher Unit precursor can react with an electrophilic group on an antibody and form a covalent bond to the antibody. Useful nucleophilic groups on a Stretcher Unit precursor for that purpose include, but are not limited to, hydrazide, hydroxylamine, amino, hydrazine, thiosemicarbazone, hydrazine carboxylate, and arylhydrazide. The electrophilic group on an antibody provides a convenient site for antibody attachment to form a Camptothecin Conjugate or Ligand Unit-Linker intermediate.
In some embodiments, a sulfur atom of a Ligand Unit is bound to a succinimide ring system of a Stretcher Unit formed by reaction of a thiol functional group of a targeting ligand with a maleimide moiety of the corresponding Stretcher Unit precursor. In other embodiments, a thiol functional group of a Ligand Unit reacts with an alpha haloacetamide moiety to provide a sulfur-bonded Stretcher Unit by nucleophilic displacement of its halogen substituent.
Representative Stretcher Units of those embodiments include those within the square brackets of Formulas Za and Zb:
wherein the asterisk indicates the position of attachment to the Ligand Unit (L);
wherein the wavy line indicates attachment to A; and
R17 is —C1-C10 alkylene-, C1-C10 heteroalkylene-, —C3-C8 carbocyclo-, —O—(C1-C8 alkylene)-, -arylene-, —C1-C10 alkylene-arylene-, -arylene-C1-C10 alkylene-, —C1-C10 alkylene-(C3-C8 carbocyclo)-, —(C3-C8 carbocyclo)-C1-C10 alkylene-, —C3-C8 heterocyclo-, —C1-C10 alkylene-CH3—C8 heterocyclo)-, —(C3-C8 heterocyclo)-C1-C10 alkylene-, —C1-C10 alkylene-C(═O)—, C1-C10 heteroalkylene-C(═O)—, —C3-C8 carbocyclo-C(═O)—, —O—(C1-C8 alkylene)-C(═O)—, -arylene-C(═O)—, —C1-C10 alkylene-arylene-C(═O)—, -arylene-C1-C10 alkylene-C(═O)—, —C1-C10 alkylene-(C3-C8 carbocyclo)-C(═O)—, —(C3-C8 carbocyclo)-C1-C10 alkylene-C(═O)—, —C3-C8 heterocyclo-C(═O)—, —C1-C10 alkylene-(C3-C8 heterocyclo)-C(═O)—, —(C3-C8 heterocyclo)-C1-C10 alkylene-C(═O)—, —C1-C10 alkylene-NH—, C1-C10 heteroalkylene-NH—, —C3-C8 carbocyclo-NH—, —O—(C1-C8 alkylene)-NH—, -arylene-NH—, —C1-C10 alkylene-arylene-NH—, -arylene-C1-C10 alkylene-NH—, —C1-C10 alkylene-(C3-C8 carbocyclo)-NH—, —(C3-C8 carbocyclo)-C1-C10 alkylene-NH—, —C3-C8 heterocyclo-NH—, —C1-C10 alkylene-(C3-C8 heterocyclo)-NH—, —(C3-C8 heterocyclo)-C1-C10 alkylene-NH—, —C1-C10 alkylene-S—, C1-C10 heteroalkylene-S—, —C3-C8 carbocyclo-S—, —O—(C1-C8 alkylene)-S—, -arylene-S—, —C1-C10 alkylene-arylene-S—, -arylene-C1-C10 alkylene-S—, —C1-C10 alkylene-(C3-C8 carbocyclo)-S—, —(C3-C8 carbocyclo)-C1-C10 alkylene-S—, —C3-C8 heterocyclo-S—, —C1-C10 alkylene-(C3-C8 heterocyclo)-S—, or —(C3-C8 heterocyclo)-C1-C10 alkylene-S—.
In some aspects, the R17 group of formula Za is optionally substituted by a Basic Unit (BU) such as an aminoalkyl moiety, e.g. —(CH2)xNH2, —(CH2)xNRa, and —(CH2)xNRa2, wherein x is an integer of from 1-4 and each Ra is independently selected from the group consisting of C1-6 alkyl and C1-6 haloalkyl, or two Ra groups are combined with the nitrogen to which they are attached to form an azetidinyl, pyrrolidinyl or piperidinyl group.
An illustrative Stretcher Unit is that of Formula Za or Zb wherein R17 is —C1-C10 alkylene-C(═O)—, —C1-C10 heteroalkylene-C(═O)—, —C3-C8 carbocyclo-C(═O)—, —O—(C1-C8 alkylene)-C(═O)—, -arylene-C(═O)—, —C1-C10 alkylene-arylene-C(═O)—, -arylene-C1-C10 alkylene-C(═O)—, —C1-C10 alkylene-(C3-C8 carbocyclo)-C(═O)—, —(C3-C8 carbocyclo)-C1-C10 alkylene-C(═O)—, —C3-C8 heterocyclo-C(═O)—, —C1-C10 alkylene-(C3-C8 heterocyclo)-C(═O)—, or —(C3-C8 heterocyclo)-C1-C10 alkylene-C(═O)—.
Another illustrative Stretcher Unit is that of formula Za wherein R17 is —C1-C5 alkylene-C(═O)—, wherein the alkylene is optionally substituted by a Basic Unit (BU) such as an optionally substituted aminoalkyl, e.g., —(CH2)xNH2, —(CH2)xNRa, and —(CH2)xN(Ra)2, wherein x is an integer of from 1-4 and each Ra is independently selected from the group consisting of C1-6 alkyl and C1-6 haloalkyl, or two Ra groups are combined with the nitrogen to which they are attached to form an azetidinyl, pyrrolidinyl or piperidinyl group. During synthesis, the basic amino functional group of the Basic Unit can be protected by a protecting group.
Exemplary embodiments of Stretcher Unit Z are as follows:
wherein the asterisk indicates the position of attachment to the Ligand Unit (L); and the wavy line indicates attachment to A.
In some embodiments of the Camptothecin Conjugate of formula (I), Z is
In some embodiments, Z is
In some embodiments, Z is
In some preferred embodiments a Stretcher unit (Z) is comprised of a succinimide moiety, that when bonded to L is represented by the structure of formula Za′:
wherein the wavy line adjacent the carbonyl indicates attachment to A; R17 is —C1-C5 alkylene-, wherein the alkylene is substituted by a Basic Unit (BU), wherein BU is —(CH2)xNH2, —(CH2)xNHRa, or —(CH2)xN(Ra)2, wherein x is an integer of from 1-4 and each Ra is independently selected from the group consisting of C1-6 alkyl and C1-6 haloalkyl, or both Ra together with the nitrogen to which they are attached define an azetidinyl, pyrrolidinyl or piperidinyl group.
It will be understood that a Ligand Unit-substituted succinimide may exist in hydrolyzed form(s). Those forms are exemplified below for hydrolysis of Za′ bonded to L, wherein the structures representing the regioisomers from that hydrolysis are formula Zb′ and Zc′. Accordingly, in other preferred embodiments a Stretcher unit (Z) is comprised of an acid-amide moiety that when bonded to L is represented by the following:
the wavy line adjacent to the carbonyl bonded to R17 is as defined for Za′; and R17 is —C1-C5 alkylene-, wherein the alkylene is substituted by a Basic Unit (BU), wherein BU is —(CH2)xNH2, —(CH2)xNHRa, or —(CH2)xN(Ra)2, wherein x is an integer of from 1-4 and each Ra is independently selected from the group consisting of C1-6 alkyl and C1-6 haloalkyl, or both Ra together with the nitrogen to which they are attached define an azetidinyl, pyrrolidinyl or piperidinyl group.
In some embodiments a Stretcher unit (Z) is comprised of an acid-amide moiety that when bonded to L is represented by the structure of formula Zd′ or Ze′:
wherein the wavy line adjacent to the carbonyl is as defined for Za′.
In preferred embodiments a Stretcher unit (Z) is comprised of a succinimide moiety that when bonded to L is represented by the structure of
which is generated from a maleimido-amino-propionyl (mDPR) analog (a 3-amino-2-(2,5-dioxo-2,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrol-1-yl)propanoic acid derivative), or is comprised of an acid-amide moiety that when bonded to L is represented by the structure of:
Illustrative Stretcher Units bonded to a Ligand Unit (L) and A have the following structures, which are comprised of the structure from Za, Za′, Zb′ or Zc′, wherein —R17— or —R17(BU)— is —CH2—, —CH2CH2— or —CH(CH2NH2)—:
wherein the wavy line adjacent to the carbonyl indicates attachment to S*.
In one group of embodiments, Z-A- comprises a maleimido-alkanoic acid component or an mDPR component. See, for example, see WO 2013/173337. In one group of embodiments, Z-A- is a maleimidopropionyl component.
Illustrative Stretcher Units prior to conjugation to the Ligand Unit (i.e., Stretcher Unit precursors) are comprised of a maleimide moiety and are represented by structures including that of formula Z′a:
wherein the wavy line adjacent to the carbonyl indicates attachment to A; and R17 is —(CH2)1-5—, optionally substituted with a Basic Unit such as an optionally substituted aminoalkyl, e.g., —(CH2)xNH2, —(CH2)xNHRa, and —(CH2)xN(Ra)2, wherein x is an integer of from 1-4 and each Ra is independently selected from the group consisting of C1-6 alkyl and C1-6 haloalkyl, or two Ra groups are combined with the nitrogen to which they are attached to form an azetidinyl, pyrrolidinyl or piperidinyl group.
In some preferred embodiments of formula Z′a, a Stretcher Unit precursor (Z′) is represented by one of the following structures:
wherein the wavy line adjacent to the carbonyl indicates attachment to A.
In other preferred embodiments a Stretcher Unit precursor (Z′) is comprised of a maleimide moiety and is represented by the structure of formula Z′b:
wherein the wavy line indicates attachment to A; and
In other preferred embodiments a Stretcher Unit precursor (Z′) is comprised of a maleimide moiety and is represented by the structure of formula Z‘a’:
In more preferred embodiments the Stretcher unit precursor (Z′) is comprised of a maleimide moiety and is represented by the structure of:
wherein the wavy line adjacent to the carbonyl indicates attachment to A.
In Stretcher Units having a BU moiety, it will be understood that the amino functional group of that moiety may be protected by an amino protecting group during synthesis, e.g., an acid labile protecting group (e.g., BOC).
Illustrative Stretcher Unit precursors covalently attached to A which are comprised of the structure from Z′a wherein —R17— or —R17(BU)- is —CH2—, —CH2CH2— or —CH(CH2NH2)— have the following structures:
wherein the wavy line adjacent to the carbonyl indicates attachment to S*.
In another embodiment, the Stretcher Unit is attached to the Ligand Unit via a disulfide bond between a sulfur atom of the Ligand Unit and a sulfur atom of the Stretcher unit. A representative Stretcher Unit of this embodiment is depicted within the square brackets of Formula Zb:
wherein the wavy line indicates attachment to A and R17 is —C1-C10 alkylene-, C1-C10 heteroalkylene-, —C3-C8 carbocyclo-, —O—(C1-C8 alkylene)-, -arylene-, —C1-C10 alkylene-arylene-, -arylene-C1-C10 alkylene-, —C1-C10 alkylene-(C3-C8 carbocyclo)-, —(C3-C8 carbocyclo)-C1-C10 alkylene-, —C3-C8 heterocyclo-, —C1-C10 alkylene-(C3-C8 heterocyclo)-, —(C3-C8 heterocyclo)-C1-C10 alkylene-, —C1-C10 alkylene-C(═O)—, C1-C10 heteroalkylene-C(═O)—, —C3-C8 carbocyclo-C(═O)—, —O—(C1-C8 alkylene)-C(═O)—, -arylene-C(═O)—, —C1-C10 alkylene-arylene-C(═O)—, -arylene-C1-C10 alkylene-C(═O)—, —C1-C10 alkylene-(C3-C8 carbocyclo)-C(═O)—, —(C3-C8 carbocyclo)-C1-C10 alkylene-C(═O)—, —C3-C8 heterocyclo-C(═O)—, —C1-C10 alkylene-(C3-C8 heterocyclo)-C(═O)—, —(C3-C8 heterocyclo)-C1-C10 alkylene-C(═O)—, —C1-C10 alkylene-NH—, —C1-C10 heteroalkylene-NH—, —C3-C8 carbocyclo-NH—, —O—(C1-C8 alkylene)-NH—, -arylene-NH—, —C1-C10 alkylene-arylene-NH—, -arylene-C1-C10 alkylene-NH—, —C1-C10 alkylene-(C3-C8 carbocyclo)-NH—, —(C3-C8 carbocyclo)-C1-C10 alkylene-NH—, —C3-C8 heterocyclo-NH—, —C1-C10 alkylene-(C3-C8 heterocyclo)-NH—, —(C3-C8 heterocyclo)-C1-C10 alkylene-NH—, —C1-C10 alkylene-S—, C1-C10 heteroalkylene-S—, —C3-C8 carbocyclo-S—, —O—(C1-C8 alkylene)-S—, -arylene-S—, —C1-C10 alkylene-arylene-S—, -arylene-C1-C10 alkylene-S—, —C1-C10 alkylene-(C3-C8 carbocyclo)-S—, —(C3-C8 carbocyclo)-C1-C10 alkylene-S—, —C3-C8 heterocyclo-S—, —C1-C10 alkylene-(C3-C8 heterocyclo)-S—, or —(C3-C8 heterocyclo)-C1-C10 alkylene-S—.
In yet another embodiment, the reactive group of a Stretcher Unit precursor contains a reactive site that can form a bond with a primary or secondary amino group of a Ligand Unit. Examples of these reactive sites include, but are not limited to, activated esters such as succinimide esters, 4-nitrophenyl esters, pentafluorophenyl esters, tetrafluorophenyl esters, anhydrides, acid chlorides, sulfonyl chlorides, isocyanates and isothiocyanates. Representative Stretcher Units of this embodiment are depicted within the square brackets of Formulas Zci, Zcii and Zciii:
wherein the wavy line indicates attachment to A and R17 is —C1-C10 alkylene-, C1-C10 heteroalkylene-, —C3-C8 carbocyclo-, —O—(C1-C8 alkylene)-, -arylene-, —C1-C10 alkylene-arylene-, -arylene-C1-C10 alkylene-, —C1-C10 alkylene-(C3-C8 carbocyclo)-, —(C3-C8 carbocyclo)-C1-C10 alkylene-, —C3-C8 heterocyclo-, —C1-C10 alkylene-(C3-C8 heterocyclo)-, —(C3-C8 heterocyclo)-C1-C10 alkylene-, —C1-C10 alkylene-C(═O)—, C1-C10 heteroalkylene-C(═O)—, —C3-C8 carbocyclo-C(═O)—, —O—(C1-C8 alkylene)-C(═O)—, -arylene-C(═O)—, —C1-C10 alkylene-arylene-C(═O)—, -arylene-C1-C10 alkylene-C(═O)—, —C1-C10 alkylene-(C3-C8 carbocyclo)-C(═O)—, —(C3-C8 carbocyclo)-C1-C10 alkylene-C(═O)—, —C3-C8 heterocyclo-C(═O)—, —C1-C10 alkylene-(C3-C8 heterocyclo)-C(═O)—, —(C3-C8 heterocyclo)-C1-C10 alkylene-C(═O)—, —C1-C10 alkylene-NH—, —C1-C10 heteroalkylene-NH—, —C3-C8 carbocyclo-NH—, —O—(C1-C8 alkylene)-NH—, -arylene-NH—, —C1-C10 alkylene-arylene-NH—, -arylene-C1-C10 alkylene-NH—, —C1-C10 alkylene-(C3-C8 carbocyclo)-NH—, —(C3-C8 carbocyclo)-C1-C10 alkylene-NH—, —C3-C8 heterocyclo-NH—, —C1-C10 alkylene-(C3-C8 heterocyclo)-NH—, —(C3-C8 heterocyclo)-C1-C10 alkylene-NH—, —C1-C10 alkylene-S—, C1-C10 heteroalkylene-S—, —C3-C8 carbocyclo-S—, —O—(C1-C8 alkylene)-S—, -arylene-S—, —C1-C10 alkylene-arylene-S—, -arylene-C1-C10 alkylene-S—, —C1-C10 alkylene-(C3-C8 carbocyclo)-S—, —(C3-C8 carbocyclo)-C1-C10 alkylene-S—, —C3-C8 heterocyclo-S—, —C1-C10 alkylene-(C3-C8 heterocyclo)-S—, or —(C3-C8 heterocyclo)-C1-C10 alkylene-S—.
In yet another aspect, the reactive group of the Stretcher Unit precursor contains a reactive nucleophile that is capable of reacting with an electrophile present on, or introduced to, a Ligand Unit. For example, a carbohydrate moiety on a targeting ligand can be mildly oxidized using a reagent such as sodium periodate and the resulting electrophilic functional group (—CHO) of the oxidized carbohydrate can be condensed with a Stretcher Unit precursor that contains a reactive nucleophile such as a hydrazide, an oxime, a primary or secondary amine, a hydrazine, a thiosemicarbazone, a hydrazine carboxylate, or an arylhydrazide such as those described by Kaneko, T. et al. (1991) Bioconjugate Chem. 2:133-41. Representative Stretcher Units of this embodiment are depicted within the square brackets of Formulas Zdi, Zdii, and Zdiii:
wherein the wavy line indicates attachment to A and R17 is —C1-C10 alkylene-, C1-C10 heteroalkylene-, —C3-C8 carbocyclo-, —O—(C1-C8 alkylene)-, -arylene-, —C1-C10 alkylene-arylene-, -arylene-C1-C10 alkylene-, —C1-C10 alkylene-(C3-C8 carbocyclo)-, —(C3-C8 carbocyclo)-C1-C10 alkylene-, —C3-C8 heterocyclo-, —C1-C10 alkylene-(C3-C8 heterocyclo)-, —(C3-C8 heterocyclo)-C1-C10 alkylene-, —C1-C10 alkylene-C(═O)—, C1-C10 heteroalkylene-C(═O)—, —C3-C8 carbocyclo-C(═O)—, —O—(C1-C8 alkylene)-C(═O)—, -arylene-C(═O)—, —C1-C10 alkylene-arylene-C(═O)—, -arylene-C1-C10 alkylene-C(═O)—, —C1-C10 alkylene-(C3-C8 carbocyclo)-C(═O)—, —(C3-C8 carbocyclo)-C1-C10 alkylene-C(═O)—, —C3-C8 heterocyclo-C(═O)—, —C1-C10 alkylene-(C3-C8 heterocyclo)-C(═O)—, —(C3-C8 heterocyclo)-C1-C10 alkylene-C(═O)—, —C1-C10 alkylene-NH—, —C1-C10 heteroalkylene-NH—, —C3-C8 carbocyclo-NH—, —O—(C1-C8 alkylene)-NH—, -arylene-NH—, —C1-C10 alkylene-arylene-NH—, -arylene-C1-C10 alkylene-NH—, —C1-C10 alkylene-(C3-C8 carbocyclo)-NH—, —(C3-C5 carbocyclo)-C1-C10 alkylene-NH—, —C3-C8 heterocyclo-NH—, —C1-C10 alkylene-(C3-C8 heterocyclo)-NH—, —(C3-C8 heterocyclo)-C1-C10 alkylene-NH—, —C1-C10 alkylene-S—, C1-C10 heteroalkylene-S—, —C3-C8 carbocyclo-S—, —O—(C1-C8 alkylene)-S—, -arylene-S—, —C1-C10 alkylene-arylene-S—, -arylene-C1-C10 alkylene-S—, —C1-C10 alkylene-(C3-C8 carbocyclo)-S—, —(C3-C8 carbocyclo)-C1-C10 alkylene-S—, —C3-C8 heterocyclo-S—, —C1-C10 alkylene-(C3-C8 heterocyclo)-S—, or —(C3-C8 heterocyclo)-C1-C10 alkylene-S—.
In some aspects of the present invention the Stretcher Unit has a mass of no more than about 1000 daltons, no more than about 500 daltons, no more than about 200 daltons, from about 30, 50 or 100 daltons to about 1000 daltons, from about 30, 50 or 100 daltons to about 500 daltons, or from about 30, 50 or 100 daltons to about 200 daltons.
In some embodiments, A is a bond or a Connector Unit. A serves to bind the Stretcher Unit (Z) or Stretcher Unit Precursor (Z′) to the Partitioning Agent (S*). In some embodiments, A is a bond that directly links the components. In some embodiments, A is a Connector Unit that is included in a Camptothecin Conjugate or Camptothecin-Linker Compound to add additional distance between the Stretcher Unit (Z) or precursor thereof (Z′), respectively, and the Peptide Releasable Linker (RL). In some aspects, the extra distance will aid with activation within RL. Accordingly, the Connector Unit extends the framework of the Linker Unit or Linker Unit Precursor. In that regard, a Connector Unit is covalently bonded with the Stretcher Unit (or its precursor) at one terminus and is covalently bonded to the Partitioning Agent at its other terminus. When the Partitioning Agent is not present (i.e., S* is a bond), the Connector Unit is covalently bonded with the Stretcher Unit (or its precursor) at one terminus and is covalently bonded to AA1 at its other terminus.
The skilled artisan will appreciate that the Connector Unit can be any group that serves to provide for attachment of S* to the Stretcher Unit or Stretcher Unit Precursor. The Connector Unit can be, for example, comprised of one or more (e.g., 1-10, preferably, 1, 2, 3, or 4) natural or non-natural amino acid, amino alcohol, amino aldehyde, or diamino residues. In some aspects, the Connector Unit is a single natural or non-natural amino acid, amino alcohol, amino aldehyde, or diamino residue. An exemplary amino acid capable of acting as Connector units is 0-alanine.
In some aspects, the Connector Unit has the formula denoted below:
wherein the wavy lines indicate attachment of the Connector Unit within the Camptothecin Conjugate or Camptothecin Linker Compound; and wherein R111 is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, p-hydroxybenzyl, methyl, isopropyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, —CH2OH, —CH(OH)CH3, —CH2CH2SCH3, —CH2CONH2, —CH2COOH, —CH2CH2CONH2, —CH2CH2COOH, —(CH2)3NHC(═NH)NH2, —(CH2)3NH2, —(CH2)3NHCOCH3, —(CH2)3NHCHO, —(CH2)4NHC(═NH)NH2, —(CH2)4NH2, —(CH2)4NHCOCH3, —(CH2)4NHCHO, —(CH2)3NHCONH2, —(CH2)4NHCONH2, —CH2CH2CH(OH)CH2NH2, 2-pyridylmethyl-, 3-pyridylmethyl -4-pyridylmethyl-,
and each R100 is independently selected from hydrogen and —C1-C3 alkyl, preferably hydrogen or CH3; and the subscript c is an independently selected integer from 1 to 10, preferably 1 to 3.
A representative Connector Unit having a carbonyl group for attachment to the S* is as follows:
wherein in each instance R13 is independently selected from the group consisting of —C1-C6 alkylene-, —C3-C8carbocyclo-, -arylene-, —C1-C10 heteroalkylene-, —C3-C8heterocyclo-, —C1-C10alkylene-arylene-, -arylene-C1-C10alkylene-, —C1-C10alkylene-(C3-C8carbocyclo)-, —C3-C8carbocyclo)-C1-C10alkylene-, —C1-C10alkylene-(C3-C8 heterocyclo)-, and —(C3-C8 heterocyclo)-C1-C10 alkylene-, and the subscript c is an integer ranging from 1 to 4. In some embodiments R13 is —C1-C6 alkylene and c is 1.
Another representative Connector Unit having a carbonyl group for attachment to S* is as follows:
wherein R13 is —C1-C6 alkylene-, —C3-C8carbocyclo-, -arylene-, —C1-C10 heteroalkylene-, —C3-C8heterocyclo-, —C1-C10alkylene-arylene-, -arylene-C1-C10alkylene-, —C1-C10alkylene-C3-C8carbocyclo)-, —(C3-C8carbocyclo)-C1-C10alkylene-, —C1-C10alkylene-(C3-C8 heterocyclo)-, or —(C3-C8 heterocyclo)-C1-C10 alkylene-. In some embodiments R13 is —C1-C6 alkylene.
A representative Connector Unit having a NH moiety that attaches to S* is as follows:
wherein in each instance, R13 is independently selected from the group consisting of —C1-C6 alkylene-, —C3-C8carbocyclo-, -arylene-, —C1-C10 heteroalkylene-, —C3-C8heterocyclo-, C1-C10alkylene-arylene-, -arylene-C1-C10alkylene-, —C1-C10alkylene-(C3-C8carbocyclo)-, —C3-C8carbocyclo)-C1-C10alkylene-, —C1-C10alkylene-(C3-C8 heterocyclo)-, and —(C3-C8 heterocyclo)-C1-C10 alkylene-, and the subscript c is from 1 to 14. In some embodiments R13 is —C1-C6 alkylene and the subscript c is 1.
Another representative Connector Unit having a NH moiety that attaches to S* is as follows:
wherein R13 is —C1-C6 alkylene-, —C3-C8carbocyclo-, -arylene-, —C1-C10 heteroalkylene-, —C3-C8heterocyclo-, —C1-C10alkylene-arylene-, -arylene-C1-C10alkylene-, —C1-C10alkylene-C3-C8carbocyclo)-, —(C3-C8carbocyclo)-C1-C10alkylene-, —C1-C10alkylene-(C3-C8 heterocyclo)-, —(C3-C8 heterocyclo)-C1-C10 alkylene-, —C(═O)C1-C6 alkylene- or —C1-C6 alkylene-C(═O)—C1-C6 alkylene.
Selected embodiments of Connector Units include those having the following structure
wherein the wavy line adjacent to the nitrogen indicates covalent attachment a Stretcher Unit (Z) (or its precursor Z′), and the wavy line adjacent to the carbonyl indicates attachment to S*; and d is an integer ranging from 1 to 6, preferably 2 to 6, more preferably 2 to 4.
The Peptide Releasable Linker (RL) is -AA1-AA2-B—. In some aspects, in the presence of an enzyme (e.g., a tumor-associated protease), an amide linkage between AA1 and AA2 or between AA2 and B is cleaved, which ultimately leads to release of free drug.
Each AA1 and AA2 can be natural or unnatural amino acid and/or a D- or L-isomer thereof.
Amino acids may be referred to herein by their full name (e.g., alanine), three letter code (e.g., Ala), or one letter code (e.g., A).
In some embodiments, each AA1 and AA2 is independently selected from the group consisting of alanine, arginine, aspartic acid, asparagine, histidine, glycine, glutamic acid, glutamine, phenylalanine, lysine, leucine, serine, tyrosine, threonine, isoleucine, proline, tryptophan, valine, cysteine, methionine, selenocysteine, ornithine, penicillamine, β-alanine, aminoalkanoic acid, aminoalkynoic acid, aminoalkanedioic acid, aminobenzoic acid, amino-heterocyclo-alkanoic acid, heterocyclo-carboxylic acid, citrulline, statine, diaminoalkanoic acid, and derivatives thereof. In some embodiments, each AA1 and AA2 is independently selected from the group consisting of alanine, arginine, aspartic acid, asparagine, histidine, glycine, glutamic acid, glutamine, phenylalanine, lysine, leucine, serine, tyrosine, threonine, isoleucine, proline, tryptophan, valine, cysteine, methionine, and selenocysteine. In some embodiments, each AA1 and AA2 is independently selected from the group consisting of alanine, arginine, aspartic acid, asparagine, histidine, glycine, glutamic acid, glutamine, phenylalanine, lysine, leucine, serine, tyrosine, threonine, isoleucine, proline, tryptophan, and valine. In some embodiments, each AA1 and AA2 is selected from the proteinogenic or the non-proteinogenic amino acids.
In another embodiment, each AA1 and AA2 is independently selected from the group consisting of the following L-(natural) amino acids: alanine, arginine, aspartic acid, asparagine, histidine, glycine, glutamic acid, glutamine, phenylalanine, lysine, leucine, serine, tyrosine, threonine, isoleucine, tryptophan and valine.
In another embodiment, each AA1 and AA2 is independently selected from the group consisting of the following D-isomers of these natural amino acids: alanine, arginine, aspartic acid, asparagine, histidine, glycine, glutamic acid, glutamine, phenylalanine, lysine, leucine, serine, tyrosine, threonine, isoleucine, tryptophan and valine.
In certain embodiments, AA1 is a natural amino acid. In certain embodiments, AA1 is a non-natural amino acid. In certain embodiments, AA1 is a D-isomer of a natural amino acid.
In some embodiments, AA1 is selected from the group consisting of alanine, arginine, aspartic acid, asparagine, histidine, glycine, glutamic acid, glutamine, phenylalanine, lysine, leucine, serine, tyrosine, threonine, isoleucine, proline, tryptophan, valine, cysteine, methionine, selenocysteine, ornithine, penicillamine, β-alanine, aminoalkanoic acid, aminoalkynoic acid, aminoalkanedioic acid, aminobenzoic acid, amino-heterocyclo-alkanoic acid, heterocyclo-carboxylic acid, citrulline, statine, diaminoalkanoic acid, and derivatives thereof. In some embodiments, AA1 is selected from the group consisting of alanine, arginine, aspartic acid, asparagine, histidine, glycine, glutamic acid, glutamine, phenylalanine, lysine, leucine, serine, tyrosine, threonine, isoleucine, proline, tryptophan, valine, cysteine, methionine, and selenocysteine. In some embodiments, AA1 is selected from the group consisting of alanine, arginine, aspartic acid, asparagine, histidine, glycine, glutamic acid, glutamine, phenylalanine, lysine, leucine, serine, tyrosine, threonine, isoleucine, proline, tryptophan, and valine. In some embodiments, AA1 is selected from the proteinogenic and the non-proteinogenic amino acids. In some embodiments, AA1 is Val. In some embodiments, AA1 is Ala or D-Ala.
In certain embodiments, AA2 is a natural amino acid. In certain embodiments, AA2 is a non-natural amino acid. In certain embodiments, AA2 is a D-isomer of a natural amino acid.
In some embodiments, AA2 is selected from the group consisting of alanine, arginine, aspartic acid, asparagine, histidine, glycine, glutamic acid, glutamine, phenylalanine, lysine, leucine, serine, tyrosine, threonine, isoleucine, proline, tryptophan, valine, cysteine, methionine, selenocysteine, ornithine, penicillamine, β-alanine, aminoalkanoic acid, aminoalkynoic acid, aminoalkanedioic acid, aminobenzoic acid, amino-heterocyclo-alkanoic acid, heterocyclo-carboxylic acid, citrulline, statine, diaminoalkanoic acid, and derivatives thereof. In some embodiments, AA2 is selected from the group consisting of of alanine, arginine, aspartic acid, asparagine, histidine, glycine, glutamic acid, glutamine, phenylalanine, lysine, leucine, serine, tyrosine, threonine, isoleucine, proline, tryptophan, valine, cysteine, methionine, and selenocysteine. In some embodiments, AA2 is selected from the group consisting of alanine, arginine, aspartic acid, asparagine, histidine, glycine, glutamic acid, glutamine, phenylalanine, lysine, leucine, serine, tyrosine, threonine, isoleucine, proline, tryptophan, and valine. In some embodiments, AA2 is selected from the proteinogenic and the non-proteinogenic amino acids. In some embodiments, AA2 is Lys. In some embodiments, AA2 is Ala or D-Ala.
In certain embodiments, B is selected from the group consisting of Arg, Lys, His, Asp, Glu, Thr, Gln, Ala, Phe, Val, Leu, Met, Trp, D-Ala, Aib, and pAbz. “Aib” is aminoisobutyric acid. “pAbz” is 4-aminobenzoic acid. In certain embodiments, B is selected from the group consisting of Arg, Lys, His, Asp, Glu, Thr, Gln, Ala, Phe, Val, Leu, Met, Trp, and D-Ala. In some embodiments, B is selected from the group consising of D-Ala, Arg, Lys, His, Asp, Glu, Thr, Gln, Phe, Val, Leu, Met, and Trp. In some embodiments, B is Ala. In some embodiments, B is D-Ala. In some embodiments, B is Arg, Lys, His, Asp, or Glu. In some embodiments, B is Thr or Gln. In some embodiments, B is Phe, Val, Leu, Met, or Trp. In some embodiments, B is Ala, Phe, Val, Leu, Met, or Trp. In some embodiments, B is D-Ala or Aib.
In certain embodiments, B′ is selected from the group consisting of Arg, Lys, His, Asp, Glu, Thr, Gln, Ala, Phe, Val, Leu, Met, Trp, D-Ala, Aib, and pAbz. In certain embodiments, B′ is selected from the group consisting of Arg, Lys, His, Asp, Glu, Thr, Gln, Ala, Phe, Val, Leu, Met, Trp, and D-Ala. In some embodiments, B′ is selected from the group consising of D-Ala, Arg, Lys, His, Asp, Glu, Thr, Gln, Phe, Val, Leu, Met, and Trp. In some embodiments, B′ is Ala. In some embodiments, B′ is D-Ala. In some embodiments, B′ is Arg, Lys, His, Asp, or Glu. In some embodiments, B′ is Thr or Gln. In some embodiments, B′ is Phe, Val, Leu, Met, or Trp. In some embodiments, B′ is Ala, Phe, Val, Leu, Met, or Trp. In some embodiments, B′ is D-Ala or Aib.
Useful Peptide Releasable Linkers can be designed and optimized in their selectivity for enzymatic cleavage by a particular enzyme, for example, a tumor-associated protease. In some embodiments, cleavage of a linkage is catalyzed by cathepsin B, C or D, or a plasmin protease.
In some embodiments, AA1 has the formula denoted below:
wherein R19 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, methyl, isopropyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, benzyl, p-hydroxybenzyl, —CH2OH, —CH(OH)CH3, —CH2CH2SCH3, —CH2CONH2, —CH2COOH, —CH2CH2CONH2, —CH2CH2COOH, —(CH2)3NHC(═NH)NH2, —(CH2)3NH2, —(CH2)3NHCOCH3, —(CH2)3NHCHO, —(CH2)4NHC(═NH)NH2, —(CH2)4NH2, —(CH2)4NHCOCH3, —(CH2)4NHCHO, —(CH2)3NHCONH2, —(CH2)4NHCONH2, —CH2CH2CH(OH)CH2NH2, 2-pyridylmethyl-, 3-pyridylmethyl-, 4-pyridylmethyl-, phenyl, cyclohexyl,
In some aspects, R19 is hydrogen, methyl, isopropyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, —(CH2)3NH2, or —(CH2)4NH2. In some aspects, R19 is hydrogen, methyl, isopropyl, or —(CH2)4NH2.
In some embodiments, AA2 has the formula denoted below:
wherein R19a is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, methyl, isopropyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, benzyl, p-hydroxybenzyl, —CH2OH, —CH(OH)CH3, —CH2CH2SCH3, —CH2CONH2, -CH2COOH, —CH2CH2CONH2, —CH2CH2COOH, —(CH2)3NHC(═NH)NH2, —(CH2)3NH2, —(CH2)3NHCOCH3, —(CH2)3NHCHO, —(CH2)4NHC(═NH)NH2, —(CH2)4NH2, —(CH2)4NHCOCH3, —(CH2)4NHCHO, —(CH2)3NHCONH2, —(CH2)4NHCONH2, —CH2CH2CH(OH)CH2NH2-2-pyridylmethyl-, 3-pyridylmethyl-, 4-pyridylmethyl-, phenyl, cyclohexyl,
In some aspects, R19a is hydrogen, methyl, isopropyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, —(CH2)3NH2, or —(CH2)4NH2. In some aspects, R19a is hydrogen, methyl, isopropyl, or —(CH2)4NH2.
In certain embodiments, both AA1 and AA2 are natural amino acids. In other embodiments, both AA1 and AA2 are non-natural amino acids. In some embodiments, AA1 is a natural amino acid and AA2 is a non-natural amino acid. In some embodiments, AA2 is a natural amino acid and AA1 is a non-natural amino acid. In some embodiments, AA1 is a natural amino acid and AA2 is a D-isomer of a natural amino acid. In some embodiments, AA2 is a natural amino acid and AA1 is a D-isomer of a natural amino acid.
In another embodiment, AA1 and AA2 are independently selected from the group consisting of Ala, D-Ala, Lys, and Val. In another embodiment, -AA1-AA2- is -Ala-Ala-, -Ala-D-Ala-, -Ala-Lys-, -Ala-Val, -D-Ala-Ala-, -D-Ala-D-Ala-, -D-Ala-Lys-, -D-Ala-Val, -Lys-Ala-, -Lys-D-Ala-, -Lys-Lys-, -Lys-Val, -Val-Ala-, -Val-D-Ala-, -Val-Lys-, or -Val-Val-. In yet another embodiment, -AA1-AA2- is -Ala-Ala-, -Ala-D-Ala-, -D-Ala-Ala-, -Val-Ala-, or -Val-Lys-. In yet another embodiment, -AA1-AA2- is -Ala-Ala-, -Ala-D-Ala-, -D-Ala-Ala-, or -Val-Lys-.
In another embodiment, AA1, AA2, and B are independently selected from the group consisting of Ala and D-Ala. In some embodiments, -AA1-AA2-B— is -Ala-Ala-Ala-, -D-Ala-Ala-Ala-, -Ala-D-Ala-Ala-, -Ala-Ala-D-Ala, -D-Ala-D-Ala-Ala-, -Ala-D-Ala-D-Ala-, -D-Ala-Ala-D-Ala-, or -D-Ala-D-Ala-D-Ala-. In some embodiments, -AA1-AA2-B— is -Ala-Ala-Ala-, -D-Ala-Ala-Ala-, -Ala-D-Ala-Ala-, or -Ala-Ala-D-Ala-.
In another embodiment, AA1 is Val, AA2 is Lys, and B is selected from the group consisting of Arg, Lys, His, Asp, Glu, Thr, Gln, Ala, Phe, Val, Leu, Met, Trp, D-Ala, Aib, and pAbz. In some embodiments, -AA1-AA2-B— is -Val-Lys-Arg-, -Val-Lys-Lys-, -Val-Lys-His-, -Val-Lys-Asp-, -Val-Lys-Glu-, -Val-Lys-Thr-, -Val-Lys-Gln-, -Val-Lys-Ala-, -Val-Lys-Phe-, -Val-Lys-Val-, -Val-Lys-Leu-, -Val-Lys-Met-, -Val-Lys-Trp-, -Val-Lys-D-Ala-, -Val-Lys-Aib-, or -Val-Lys-pAbz-. In another embodiment, AA1 is Val, AA2 is Lys, and B is selected from the group consisting of Arg, Lys, His, Asp, Glu, Thr, Gln, Ala, Phe, Val, Leu, Met, Trp, and D-Ala. In some embodiments, -AA1-AA2-B— is -Val-Lys-Arg-, -Val-Lys-Lys-, -Val-Lys-His-, -Val-Lys-Asp-, -Val-Lys-Glu-, -Val-Lys-Thr-, -Val-Lys-Gln-, -Val-Lys-Ala-, -Val-Lys-Phe-, -Val-Lys-Val-, -Val-Lys-Leu-, -Val-Lys-Met-, -Val-Lys-Trp-, or -Val-Lys-D-Ala-.
In some embodiments, S* is a bond or a Partitioning Agent. The Camptothecin Conjugates or Camptothecin-Linker Compounds described herein can also include a Partitioning Agent. The Partitioning Agent portions are useful, for example, to mask the hydrophobicity of particular Camptothecins or other Linker Unit (or Linker Unit Precursor) components.
Representative Partitioning Agents include polyethylene glycol (PEG) units, cyclodextrin units, polyamides, hydrophilic peptides, polysaccharides and dendrimers.
When the polyethylene glycol (PEG) units, cyclodextrin units, polyamides, hydrophilic peptides, polysaccharides or dendrimers are included in S*, the groups may be present as an ‘in line’ component or as a side chain or branched component.
Polydisperse PEGs, monodisperse PEGs and discrete PEGs can be used as part of the Partitioning Agents in the Compounds of the present invention. Polydisperse PEGs are a heterogeneous mixture of sizes and molecular weights whereas monodisperse PEGs are typically purified from heterogeneous mixtures and are therefore provide a single chain length and molecular weight. Preferred PEGs are discrete PEGs, compounds that are synthesized in step-wise fashion and not via a polymerization process. Discrete PEGs provide a single molecule with defined and specified chain length.
The PEGs provided herein comprises one or multiple polyethylene glycol chains. A polyethylene glycol chain is composed of at least two ethylene oxide (CH2CH2O) subunits. The polyethylene glycol chains can be linked together, for example, in a linear, branched or star shaped configuration. Typically, at least one of the PEG chains is derivatized at one end or both ends for covalent attachment to an appropriate site on the remainder of the Linker Unit or Linker Unit Precursor. Exemplary attachments within the Linker Unit or Linker Unit Precursor are by means of non-conditionally cleavable linkages or via conditionally cleavable linkages. Exemplary attachments are via amide linkage, ether linkages, ester linkages, hydrazone linkages, oxime linkages, disulfide linkages, peptide linkages or triazole linkages. In some aspects, attachment within the Linker Unit or Linker Unit Precursor is by means of a non-conditionally cleavable linkage. In some aspects, attachment within the Linker Unit or Linker Unit Precursor is not via an ester linkage, hydrazone linkage, oxime linkage, or disulfide linkage. In some aspects, attachment within the Linker Unit or Linker Unit Precursor is not via a hydrazone linkage.
A conditionally cleavable linkage refers to a linkage that is not substantially sensitive to cleavage while circulating in the plasma but is sensitive to cleavage in an intracellular or intratumoral environment. A non-conditionally cleavable linkage is one that is not substantially sensitive to cleavage in any biological environment. Chemical hydrolysis of a hydrazone, reduction of a disulfide, and enzymatic cleavage of a peptide bond or glycosidic linkage are examples of conditionally cleavable linkages.
There are a number of PEG attachment methods available to those skilled in the art, [see, e.g., Goodson, et al. (1990) Bio/Technology 8:343 (PEGylation of interleukin-2 at its glycosylation site after site-directed mutagenesis); EP 0 401 384 (coupling PEG to G-CSF); Malik, et al., (1992) Exp. Hematol. 20:1028-1035 (PEGylation of GM-CSF using tresyl chloride); ACT Pub. No. WO 90/12874 (PEGylation of erythropoietin containing a recombinantly introduced cysteine residue using a cysteine-specific mPEG derivative); U.S. Pat. No. 5,757,078 (PEGylation of EPO peptides); U.S. Pat. No. 5,672,662 (Poly(ethylene glycol) and related polymers monosubstituted with propionic or butanoic acids and functional derivatives thereof for biotechnical applications); U.S. Pat. No. 6,077,939 (PEGylation of an N-terminal .alpha.-carbon of a peptide); Veronese et al., (1985) Appl. Biochem. Bioechnol 11:141-142 (PEGylation of an N-terminal α-carbon of a peptide with PEG-nitrophenylcarbonate (“PEG-NPC”) or PEG-trichlorophenylcarbonate); and Veronese (2001) Biomaterials 22:405-417 (Review article on peptide and protein PEGylation)].
For example, PEG may be covalently bound to amino acid residues via a reactive group. Reactive groups are those to which an activated PEG molecule may be bound (e.g., a free amino or carboxyl group). For example, N-terminal amino acid residues and lysine (K) residues have a free amino group; and C-terminal amino acid residues have a free carboxyl group. Thiol groups (e.g., as found on cysteine residues) are also useful as a reactive group for attaching PEG. In addition, enzyme-assisted methods for introducing activated groups (e.g., hydrazide, aldehyde, and aromatic-amino groups) specifically at the C-terminus of a polypeptide have been described (see Schwarz, et al. (1990) Methods Enzymol. 184:160; Rose, et al. (1991) Bioconjugate Chem. 2:154; and Gaertner, et al. (1994) J. Biol. Chem. 269:7224].
In some embodiments, PEG molecules may be attached to amino groups using methoxylated PEG (“mPEG”) having different reactive moieties. Non-limiting examples of such reactive moieties include succinimidyl succinate (SS), succinimidyl carbonate (SC), mPEG-imidate, para-nitrophenylcarbonate (NPC), succinimidyl propionate (SPA), and cyanuric chloride. Non-limiting examples of such mPEGs include mPEG-succinimidyl succinate (mPEG-SS), mPEG2-succinimidyl succinate (mPEG2-SS); mPEG-succinimidyl carbonate (mPEG-SC), mPEG2-succinimidyl carbonate (mPEG2-SC); mPEG-imidate, mPEG-para-nitrophenylcarbonate (mPEG-NPC), mPEG-imidate; mPEG2-para-nitrophenylcarbonate (mPEG2-NPC); mPEG-succinimidyl propionate (mPEG-SPA); mPEG2-succinimidyl propionate (mPEG2-SPA); mPEG-N-hydroxy-succinimide (mPEG-NHS); mPEG2-N-hydroxy-succinimide (mPEG2-NHS); mPEG-cyanuric chloride; mPEG2-cyanuric chloride; mPEG2-Lysinol-NPC, and mPEG2-Lys-NHS.
Generally, at least one of the PEG chains that make up the PEG Unit is functionalized so that it is capable of covalent attachment to other Linker Unit (or Linker Unit Precursor) components.
Functionalization includes, for example, via an amine, thiol, NHS ester, maleimide, alkyne, azide, carbonyl, or another functional group. In some embodiments, the PEG Unit further comprises non-PEG material (i.e., material not comprised of —CH2CH2O—) that provides coupling to other Linker Unit (or Linker Unit Precursor) components or to facilitate coupling of two or more PEG chains.
The presence of the PEG Unit (or other Partitioning Agent) in the Linker Unit can have two potential impacts upon the pharmacokinetics of the resulting Camptothecin Conjugate. The desired impact is a decrease in clearance (and consequent increase in exposure) that arises from the reduction in non-specific interactions induced by the exposed hydrophobic elements of the Camptothecin Conjugate or to the Camptothecin itself. The second impact is undesired and is a decrease in volume and rate of distribution that sometimes arises from the increase in the molecular weight of the Camptothecin Conjugate. Increasing the number of PEG subunits increases the hydrodynamic radius of a conjugate, typically resulting in decreased diffusivity. In turn, decreased diffusivity typically diminishes the ability of the Camptothecin Conjugate to penetrate into a tumor (Schmidt and Wittrup, Mol Cancer Ther 2009; 8:2861-2871). Because of these two competing pharmacokinetic effects, it is desirable to use a PEG that is sufficiently large to decrease the Camptothecin Conjugate clearance thus increasing plasma exposure, but not so large as to greatly diminish its diffusivity, to an extent that it interferes with the ability of the Camptothecin Conjugate to reach the intended target cell population. See the examples (e.g., examples 1, 18, and 21 of US2016/0310612), which is incorporated by reference herein, for methodology for selecting an optimal PEG size for a particular drug-linker.
In one group of embodiments, the PEG Unit comprises one or more linear PEG chains each having at least 2 subunits, at least 3 subunits, at least 4 subunits, at least 5 subunits, at least 6 subunits, at least 7 subunits, at least 8 subunits, at least 9 subunits, at least 10 subunits, at least 11 subunits, at least 12 subunits, at least 13 subunits, at least 14 subunits, at least 15 subunits, at least 16 subunits, at least 17 subunits, at least 18 subunits, at least 19 subunits, at least 20 subunits, at least 21 subunits, at least 22 subunits, at least 23 subunits, or at least 24 subunits. In preferred embodiments, the PEG Unit comprises a combined total of at least 4 subunits, at least 6 subunits, at least 8 subunits, at least 10 subunits, or at least 12 subunits. In some such embodiments, the PEG Unit comprises no more than a combined total of about 72 subunits, preferably no more than a combined total of about 36 subunits.
In another group of embodiments, the PEG Unit comprises a combined total of from 4 to 72, 4 to 60, 4 to 48, 4 to 36 or 4 to 24 subunits, from 5 to 72, 5 to 60, 5 to 48, 5 to 36 or 5 to 24 subunits, from 6 to 72, 6 to 60, 6 to 48, 6 to 36 or from 6 to 24 subunits, from 7 to 72, 7 to 60, 7 to 48, 7 to 36 or 7 to 24 subunits, from 8 to 72, 8 to 60, 8 to 48, 8 to 36 or 8 to 24 subunits, from 9 to 72, 9 to 60, 9 to 48, 9 to 36 or 9 to 24 subunits, from 10 to 72, 10 to 60, 10 to 48, 10 to 36 or 10 to 24 subunits, from 11 to 72, 11 to 60, 11 to 48, 11 to 36 or 11 to 24 subunits, from 12 to 72, 12 to 60, 12 to 48, 12 to 36 or 12 to 24 subunits, from 13 to 72, 13 to 60, 13 to 48, 13 to 36 or 13 to 24 subunits, from 14 to 72, 14 to 60, 14 to 48, 14 to 36 or 14 to 24 subunits, from 15 to 72, 15 to 60, 15 to 48, 15 to 36 or 15 to 24 subunits, from 16 to 72, 16 to 60, 16 to 48, 16 to 36 or 16 to 24 subunits, from 17 to 72, 17 to 60, 17 to 48, 17 to 36 or 17 to 24 subunits, from 18 to 72, 18 to 60, 18 to 48, 18 to 36 or 18 to 24 subunits, from 19 to 72, 19 to 60, 19 to 48, 19 to 36 or 19 to 24 subunits, from 20 to 72, 20 to 60, 20 to 48, 20 to 36 or 20 to 24 subunits, from 21 to 72, 21 to 60, 21 to 48, 21 to 36 or 21 to 24 subunits, from 22 to 72, 22 to 60, 22 to 48, 22 to 36 or 22 to 24 subunits, from 23 to 72, 23 to 60, 23 to 48, 23 to 36 or 23 to 24 subunits, or from 24 to 72, 24 to 60, 24 to 48, 24 to 36 or 24 subunits.
In some embodiments, the Partitioning Agent is a linear PEG Unit comprising from 2 to 20, or from 2 to 12, or from 4 to 12, or 4, 8, or 12 —CH2CH2O— subunits. In some embodiments, the linear PEG Unit is connected at one end of the PEG Unit to AA1 and at the other end of the PEG Unit to A. In some embodiments, the PEG Unit is connected to AA1 via a —CH2CH2C(O)— group that forms an amide bond with AA1 (e.g., —(CH2CH2O)n—CH2CH2C(O)-AA1) and to A via an —NH— group (e.g., -A-NH—(CH2CH2O)n—) that forms an amide bond with the A.
Illustrative embodiments for PEG Units that are connected to the RL and A are shown below:
and in a particular embodiment, the PEG Unit is:
wherein the wavy line on the left indicates the site of attachment to A, the wavy line on the right indicates the site of attachment to RL, and each b is independently selected from 2 to 72, 4 to 72, 6 to 72, 8 to 72, 10 to 72, 12 to 72, 2 to 24, 4 to 24, 6 to 24, or 8 to 24, 2 to 12, 4 to 12, 6 to 12, and 8 to 12. In some embodiments, subscript b is 2, 4, 8, 12, or 24. In some embodiments, subscript b is 2. In some embodiments, subscript b is 4. In some embodiments, subscript b is 8. In some embodiments, subscript b is 12.
As used to herein, terms “PEG2”, “PEG4”, “PEG8”, and “PEG12” refers to specific embodiments of PEG Unit which comprises the number of PEG subunits (i.e., the number of subscription “b”). For example, “PEG2” refers to embodiments of PEG Unit that comprises 2 PEG subunits, “PEG4” refers to embodiments of PEG Unit that comprises 4 PEG subunits, “PEG8” refers to embodiments of PEG Unit that comprises 8 PEG subunits, and “PEG12” refers to embodiments of PEG Unit that comprises 12 PEG subunits.
As described herein, the number of PEG subunits is selected such that it improves clearance of the resultant Camptothecin Conjugate but does not significantly impact the ability of the Conjugate to penetrate into the tumor. In embodiments, the number of PEG subunits to be selected for use will preferably have from 2 subunits to about 24 subunits, from 4 subunits to about 24 subunits, more preferably about 4 subunits to about 12 subunits.
In preferred embodiments of the present disclosure the PEG Unit is from about 300 daltons to about 5 kilodaltons; from about 300 daltons, to about 4 kilodaltons; from about 300 daltons, to about 3 kilodaltons; from about 300 daltons, to about 2 kilodaltons; or from about 300 daltons, to about 1 kilodalton. In some such aspects, the PEG Unit has at least 6 subunits or at least 8, 10 or 12 subunits. In some such aspects, the PEG Unit has at least 6 subunits or at least 8, 10 or 12 subunits but no more than 72 subunits, preferably no more than 36 subunits.
It will be appreciated that when referring to PEG subunits, and depending on context, the number of subunits can represent an average number, e.g., when referring to a population of Camptothecin Conjugates or Camptothecin-Linker Compounds, and using polydisperse PEGs.
The subscript “p”
The subscript p represents the number of Camptothecin-Linker moieties on a Ligand Unit of an individual Camptothecin Conjugate and is an integer preferably ranging from 1 to 16, 1 to 12, 1 to 10, or 1 to 8. In any of the embodiments herein, there can be 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, or 16 Camptothecin-Linker moieties conjugated to a Ligand Unit of an individual Camptothecin Conjugate. In one aspect of the invention, one group of embodiments describes a population of individual Camptothecin Conjugates substantially identical except for the number of Camptothecin Linker Compound moieties bound to each Ligand Unit (i.e., a Camptothecin Conjugate composition). The population can be described by the average number of Camptothecin Linker Compound moieties bound to the Ligand Units of the Camptothecin Conjugate (e.g., the Drug-Antibody Ratio (“DAR”)). In that group of embodiments, the average is a number ranging from 1 to about 16, 1 to about 12, 1 to about 10, or 1 to about 8, from 2 to about 16, 2 to about 12, 2 to about 10, or 2 to about 8. In some aspects, the average is about 2. In some aspects, the average is about 4. In some aspects, the average is about 8. In some aspects, the average is about 16. In some aspects, the average is 2. In some aspects, the average is 4. In some aspects, the average is 8. In some aspects, the average is 16. In some aspects, the population can be described by the drug loading of the predominate ADC in the composition.
In some aspects, conjugation will be via the interchain disulfides and there will from 1 to about 8 Camptothecin Linker Compound molecules conjugated to a ligand molecule. In some aspects, conjugation will be via an introduced cysteine residue as well as interchain disulfides and there will be from 1 to 10 or 1 to 12 or 1 to 14 or 1 to 16 Camptothecin Linker Compound molecules conjugated to a ligand molecule. In some aspects, conjugation will be via an introduced cysteine residue and there will be 2 or 4 Camptothecin Linker Compound molecules conjugated to a ligand molecule.
In some embodiments are compounds where the RL unit in the conjugate has been cleaved, leaving the drug moiety with a portion of RL bound thereto. In some embodiments, the partially released Free Drug is a compound of Formula (III):
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein B′ is an amino acid selected from the group consisting of Arg, Lys, His, Asp, Glu, Thr, Gln, Ala, Phe, Val, Leu, Met, Trp, D-Ala, Aib, and pAbz; and RF is H or C1-C6 alkyl.
In some embodiments, the compound of Formula (III) is a biologically active compound. In some embodiments, such compounds are useful in a method of inhibiting topoisomerase, killing tumor cells, inhibiting growth of tumor cells, cancer cells, or of a tumor, inhibiting replication of tumor cells or cancer cells, lessening of overall tumor burden or decreasing the number of cancerous cells, or ameliorating one or more symptoms associated with a cancer or autoimmune disease. Such methods comprise, for example, contacting a cancer cell with a compound of Formula (III).
The present invention provides Camptothecin Conjugate mixtures and pharmaceutical compositions comprising any of the Camptothecin Conjugates described herein. The mixtures and pharmaceutical compositions comprise a plurality of conjugates. In some aspects, each of the conjugates in the mixture or composition is identical or substantially identical, however, the distribution of drug-linkers on the ligands in the mixture or compositions may vary as well as the drug loading. For example, the conjugation technology used to conjugate drug-linkers to antibodies as the targeting ligand can result in a composition or mixture that is heterogeneous with respect to the distribution of Camptothecin Linker Compounds on the antibody (Ligand Unit) within the mixture and/or composition. In some aspects, the loading of Camptothecin Linker Compounds on each of the antibody molecules in a mixture or composition of such molecules is an integer that ranges from 1 to 14.
In those aspects, when referring to the composition as a whole the loading of drug-linkers is a number ranging from 1 to about 14. Within the composition or mixture, there may also be a small percentage of unconjugated antibodies. The average number of drug-linkers per Ligand Unit in the mixture or composition (i.e., average drug-load) is an important attribute as it determines the maximum amount of drug that can be delivered to the target cell. The average drug load can be 1, 2 or about 2, 3 or about 3, 4 or about 4, 5 or about 5, 6 or about 6, 7 or about 7, 8 or about 8, 9 or about 9, 10 or about 10, 11 or about 11, 12 or about 12, 13 or about 13, 14 or about 14, 15 or about 15, 16 or about 16.
In some aspects, the mixtures and pharmaceutical compositions comprise a plurality (i.e., population) of conjugates, however, the conjugates are identical or substantially identical and are substantially homogenous with respect to the distribution of drug-linkers on the ligand molecules within the mixture and/or composition and with respect to loading of drug-linkers on the ligand molecules within the mixture and/or composition. In some such aspects, the loading of drug-linkers on an antibody Ligand Unit is 2 or 4. Within the composition or mixture, there may also be a small percentage of unconjugated antibodies. The average drug load in such embodiments is about 2 or about 4. Typically, such compositions and mixtures result from the use of site-specific conjugation techniques and conjugation is due to an introduced cysteine residue.
The average number of Camptothecins or Camptothecin-Linker Compounds per Ligand Unit in a preparation from a conjugation reaction (e.g., the Drug-Antibody Ratio (“DAR”)) may be characterized by conventional means such as mass spectrometry, ELISA assay, HPLC (e.g., HIC). The quantitative distribution of Camptothecin Conjugates in terms of p may also be determined. In some instances, separation, purification, and characterization of homogeneous Camptothecin Conjugates may be achieved by means such as reverse phase HPLC or electrophoresis.
In some aspects, the compositions are pharmaceutical compositions comprising the Camptothecin Conjugates described herein and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. In some aspects, the pharmaceutical composition is in liquid form. In some aspects, the pharmaceutical composition is a solid. In some aspects, the pharmaceutical composition is a lyophilized powder.
The compositions, including pharmaceutical compositions, can be provided in purified form. As used herein, “purified” means that when isolated, the isolate contains at least 95%, and in another aspect at least 98%, of Conjugate by weight of the isolate.
The Camptothecin Conjugates described herein are useful for inhibiting the multiplication of a tumor cell or cancer cell, causing apoptosis in a tumor or cancer cell, or for treating cancer in a patient. Accordingly, provide herein are methods of treating cancer in a subject in need thereof, the method includes administering to the subject one or more Captothecin Conjugates described herein.
The Camptothecin Conjugates can be used accordingly in a variety of settings for the treatment of cancers. The Camptothecin Conjugates can be used to deliver a drug to a tumor cell or cancer cell. Without being bound by theory, in one embodiment, the Ligand Unit of a Camptothecin Conjugate binds to or associates with a cancer-cell or a tumor-cell-associated antigen, and the Camptothecin Conjugate can be taken up (internalized) inside the tumor cell or cancer cell through receptor-mediated endocytosis or other internalization mechanism. The antigen can be attached to a tumor cell or cancer cell or can be an extracellular matrix protein associated with the tumor cell or cancer cell. Once inside the cell, the drug is released via peptide cleavage within the cell. In an alternative embodiment, the free drug is released from the Camptothecin Conjugate outside the tumor cell or cancer cell, and the free drug subsequently penetrates the cell.
In one embodiment, the Ligand Unit binds to the tumor cell or cancer cell.
In another embodiment, the Ligand Unit binds to a tumor cell or cancer cell antigen which is on the surface of the tumor cell or cancer cell.
In another embodiment, the Ligand Unit binds to a tumor cell or cancer cell antigen which is an extracellular matrix protein associated with the tumor cell or cancer cell.
The specificity of the Ligand Unit for a particular tumor cell or cancer cell can be important for determining the tumors or cancers that are most effectively treated. For example, Camptothecin Conjugates that target a cancer cell antigen present in hematopoietic cancers can be useful treating hematologic malignancies (e.g., anti-CD30, anti-CD70, anti-CD19, anti-CD33 binding Ligand Unit (e.g., antibody) can be useful for treating hematologic malignancies). Camptothecin Conjugates that target a cancer cell antigen present on solid tumors can be useful treating such solid tumors.
Cancers that can be treated with a Camptothecin Conjugate include, but are not limited to, hematopoietic cancers such as, for example, lymphomas (Hodgkin Lymphoma and Non-Hodgkin Lymphomas) and leukemias and solid tumors. Examples of hematopoietic cancers include, follicular lymphoma, anaplastic large cell lymphoma, mantle cell lymphoma, acute myeloblastic leukemia, chronic myelocytic leukemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, diffuse large B cell lymphoma, and multiple myeloma. Examples of solid tumors include fibrosarcoma, myxosarcoma, liposarcoma, chondrosarcoma, osteogenic sarcoma, chordoma, angiosarcoma, endotheliosarcoma, lymphangiosarcoma, lymphangioendotheliosarcoma, synovioma, mesothelioma, Ewing's tumor, leiomyosarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, colon cancer, colorectal cancer, kidney cancer, pancreatic cancer, bone cancer, breast cancer, ovarian cancer, prostate cancer, esophageal cancer, stomach cancer, oral cancer, nasal cancer, throat cancer, squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, sweat gland carcinoma, sebaceous gland carcinoma, papillary carcinoma, papillary adenocarcinomas, cystadenocarcinoma, medullary carcinoma, bronchogenic carcinoma, renal cell carcinoma, hepatoma, bile duct carcinoma, choriocarcinoma, seminoma, embryonal carcinoma, Wilms' tumor, cervical cancer, uterine cancer, testicular cancer, small cell lung carcinoma, bladder carcinoma, lung cancer, epithelial carcinoma, glioma, glioblastoma multiforme, astrocytoma, medulloblastoma, craniopharyngioma, ependymoma, pinealoma, hemangioblastoma, acoustic neuroma, oligodendroglioma, meningioma, skin cancer, melanoma, neuroblastoma, and retinoblastoma.
In preferred embodiments, the cancers treated are any one of the above-listed lymphomas and leukemias.
Cancers, including, but not limited to, a tumor, metastasis, or other disease or disorder characterized by uncontrolled cell growth, can be treated or inhibited by administration of a Camptothecin Conjugate.
In other embodiments, methods for treating cancer are provided, including administering to a patient in need thereof an effective amount of a Camptothecin Conjugate and a chemotherapeutic agent. In one embodiment, the chemotherapeutic agent is that with which treatment of the cancer has not been found to be refractory. In another embodiment, the chemotherapeutic agent is that with which the treatment of cancer has been found to be refractory. The Camptothecin Conjugates can be administered to a patient that has also undergone surgery as treatment for the cancer.
In some embodiments, the patient also receives an additional treatment, such as radiation therapy. In a specific embodiment, the Camptothecin Conjugate is administered concurrently with the chemotherapeutic agent or with radiation therapy. In another specific embodiment, the chemotherapeutic agent or radiation therapy is administered prior or subsequent to administration of a Camptothecin Conjugate.
A chemotherapeutic agent can be administered over a series of sessions. Any one or a combination of the chemotherapeutic agents, such a standard of care chemotherapeutic agent(s), can be administered.
Additionally, methods of treatment of cancer with a Camptothecin Conjugate are provided as an alternative to chemotherapy or radiation therapy where the chemotherapy or the radiation therapy has proven or can prove too toxic, e.g., results in unacceptable or unbearable side effects, for the subject being treated. The patient being treated can, optionally, be treated with another cancer treatment such as surgery, radiation therapy or chemotherapy, depending on which treatment is found to be acceptable or bearable.
The Camptothecin Conjugates are useful for killing or inhibiting the unwanted replication of cells that produces an autoimmune disease or for treating an autoimmune disease.
The Camptothecin Conjugates can be used accordingly in a variety of settings for the treatment of an autoimmune disease in a patient. The Camptothecin Conjugates can be used to deliver a drug to a target cell. Without being bound by theory, in one embodiment, the Camptothecin Conjugate associates with an antigen on the surface of a pro-inflammatory or inappropriately-stimulated immune cell, and the Camptothecin Conjugate is then taken up inside the targeted cell through receptor-mediated endocytosis. Once inside the cell, the Linker unit is cleaved, resulting in release of the Camptothecin. The released Camptothecin is then free to migrate in the cytosol and induce cytotoxic or cytostatic activities. In an alternative embodiment, the Drug is cleaved from the Camptothecin Conjugate outside the target cell, and the Camptothecin subsequently penetrates the cell.
In one embodiment, the Ligand Unit binds to an autoimmune antigen. In one aspect, the antigen is on the surface of a cell involved in an autoimmune condition.
In one embodiment, the Ligand Unit binds to activated lymphocytes that are associated with the autoimmune disease state.
In a further embodiment, the Camptothecin Conjugate kills or inhibits the multiplication of cells that produce an autoimmune antibody associated with a particular autoimmune disease.
Particular types of autoimmune diseases that can be treated with the Camptothecin Conjugates include, but are not limited to, Th2 lymphocyte related disorders (e.g., atopic dermatitis, atopic asthma, rhinoconjunctivitis, allergic rhinitis, Omenn's syndrome, systemic sclerosis, and graft versus host disease); Th1 lymphocyte-related disorders (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, psoriasis, Sjorgren's syndrome, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, Grave's disease, primary biliary cirrhosis, Wegener's granulomatosis, and tuberculosis); and activated B lymphocyte-related disorders (e.g., systemic lupus erythematosus, Goodpasture's syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, and type I diabetes).
Methods for treating an autoimmune disease are also disclosed including administering to a patient in need thereof an effective amount of a Camptothecin Conjugate and another therapeutic agent known for the treatment of an autoimmune disease.
The present invention provides pharmaceutical compositions comprising the Camptothecin Conjugates described herein and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. The Camptothecin Conjugates can be in any form that allows the compound to be administered to a patient for treatment of a disorder associated with expression of the antigen to which the Ligand Unit binds. For example, the conjugates can be in the form of a liquid or solid. The preferred route of administration is parenteral. Parenteral administration includes subcutaneous injections, intravenous, intramuscular, intrasternal injection or infusion techniques. In one aspect, the compositions are administered parenterally. In one aspect, the conjugates are administered intravenously. Administration can be by any convenient route, for example by infusion or bolus injection
Pharmaceutical compositions can be formulated to allow a compound to be bioavailable upon administration of the composition to a patient. Compositions can take the form of one or more dosage units.
Materials used in preparing the pharmaceutical compositions can be non-toxic in the amounts used. It will be evident to those of ordinary skill in the art that the optimal dosage of the active ingredient(s) in the pharmaceutical composition will depend on a variety of factors. Relevant factors include, without limitation, the type of animal (e.g., human), the particular form of the compound, the manner of administration, and the composition employed.
The composition can be, for example, in the form of a liquid. The liquid can be useful for delivery by injection. In a composition for administration by injection, one or more of a surfactant, preservative, wetting agent, dispersing agent, suspending agent, buffer, stabilizer and isotonic agent can also be included.
The liquid compositions, whether they are solutions, suspensions or other like form, can also include one or more of the following: sterile diluents such as water for injection, saline solution, preferably physiological saline, Ringer's solution, isotonic sodium chloride, fixed oils such as synthetic mono or digylcerides which can serve as the solvent or suspending medium, polyethylene glycols, glycerin, cyclodextrin, propylene glycol or other solvents; antibacterial agents such as benzyl alcohol or methyl paraben; antioxidants such as ascorbic acid or sodium bisulfite; chelating agents such as ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid; buffers such as amino acids, acetates, citrates or phosphates; detergents, such as nonionic surfactants, polyols; and agents for the adjustment of tonicity such as sodium chloride or dextrose. A parenteral composition can be enclosed in ampoule, a disposable syringe or a multiple-dose vial made of glass, plastic or other material. Physiological saline is an exemplary adjuvant. An injectable composition is preferably sterile.
The amount of the conjugate that is effective in the treatment of a particular disorder or condition will depend on the nature of the disorder or condition, and can be determined by standard clinical techniques. In addition, in vitro or in vivo assays can optionally be employed to help identify optimal dosage ranges. The precise dose to be employed in the compositions will also depend on the route of administration, and the seriousness of the disease or disorder, and should be decided according to the judgment of the practitioner and each patient's circumstances.
The compositions comprise an effective amount of a compound such that a suitable dosage will be obtained. Typically, this amount is at least about 0.01% of a compound by weight of the composition.
For intravenous administration, the composition can comprise from about 0.01 to about 100 mg of a Camptothecin Conjugate per kg of the animal's body weight. In one aspect, the composition can include from about 1 to about 100 mg of a Camptothecin Conjugate per kg of the animal's body weight. In another aspect, the amount administered will be in the range from about 0.1 to about 25 mg/kg of body weight of a compound. Depending on the drug used, the dosage can be even lower, for example, 1.0 μg/kg to 5.0 mg/kg, 4.0 mg/kg, 3.0 mg/kg, 2.0 mg/kg or 1.0 mg/kg, or 1.0 μg/kg to 500.0 μg/kg of the subject's body weight.
Generally, the dosage of a conjugate administered to a patient is typically about 0.01 mg/kg to about 100 mg/kg of the subject's body weight or from 1.0 μg/kg to 5.0 mg/kg of the subject's body weight. In some embodiments, the dosage administered to a patient is between about 0.01 mg/kg to about 15 mg/kg of the subject's body weight. In some embodiments, the dosage administered to a patient is between about 0.1 mg/kg and about 15 mg/kg of the subject's body weight. In some embodiments, the dosage administered to a patient is between about 0.1 mg/kg and about 20 mg/kg of the subject's body weight. In some embodiments, the dosage administered is between about 0.1 mg/kg to about 5 mg/kg or about 0.1 mg/kg to about 10 mg/kg of the subject's body weight. In some embodiments, the dosage administered is between about 1 mg/kg to about 15 mg/kg of the subject's body weight. In some embodiments, the dosage administered is between about 1 mg/kg to about 10 mg/kg of the subject's body weight. In some embodiments, the dosage administered is between about 0.1 to 4 mg/kg, even more preferably 0.1 to 3.2 mg/kg, or even more preferably 0.1 to 2.7 mg/kg of the subject's body weight over a treatment cycle.
The term “carrier” refers to a diluent, adjuvant or excipient, with which a compound is administered. Such pharmaceutical carriers can be liquids, such as water and oils, including those of petroleum, animal, vegetable or synthetic origin, such as peanut oil, soybean oil, mineral oil, sesame oil. The carriers can be saline, gum acacia, gelatin, starch paste, talc, keratin, colloidal silica, urea. In addition, auxiliary, stabilizing, thickening, lubricating and coloring agents can be used. In one embodiment, when administered to a patient, the compound or compositions and pharmaceutically acceptable carriers are sterile.
Water is an exemplary carrier when the compounds are administered intravenously. Saline solutions and aqueous dextrose and glycerol solutions can also be employed as liquid carriers, particularly for injectable solutions. Suitable pharmaceutical carriers also include excipients such as starch, glucose, lactose, sucrose, gelatin, malt, rice, flour, chalk, silica gel, sodium stearate, glycerol monostearate, talc, sodium chloride, dried skim milk, glycerol, propylene, glycol, water, ethanol. The present compositions, if desired, can also contain minor amounts of wetting or emulsifying agents, or pH buffering agents.
In an embodiment, the conjugates are formulated in accordance with routine procedures as a pharmaceutical composition adapted for intravenous administration to animals, particularly human beings. Typically, the carriers or vehicles for intravenous administration are sterile isotonic aqueous buffer solutions. Where necessary, the compositions can also include a solubilizing agent. Compositions for intravenous administration can optionally comprise a local anesthetic such as lignocaine to ease pain at the site of the injection. Generally, the ingredients are supplied either separately or mixed together in unit dosage form, for example, as a dry lyophilized powder or water free concentrate in a hermetically sealed container such as an ampoule or sachets indicating the quantity of active agent. Where a conjugate is to be administered by infusion, it can be dispensed, for example, with an infusion bottle containing sterile pharmaceutical grade water or saline. Where the conjugate is administered by injection, an ampoule of sterile water for injection or saline can be provided so that the ingredients can be mixed prior to administration.
The pharmaceutical compositions are generally formulated as sterile, substantially isotonic and in full compliance with all Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) regulations of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
The Camptothecin Conjugates described herein can be prepared in either a serial construction of antibodies, linkers, and drug units, or in a convergent fashion by assembling portions followed by a completed assembly step.
In one group of embodiments, Camptothecin-Linker Compounds as provided herein, are combined with a suitable Ligand Unit to facilitate covalent attachment of the Camptothecin-Linker Compounds to the Ligand Unit. In some embodiments, the Ligand Unit is an antibody that has at least 2, at least 4, at least 6 or 8 thiols available for attachment of the Linker Compounds as a result of reducing interchain disulfide linkages. In some embodiments, the Camptothecin-Linker Compounds are attached to the Ligand Unit through an introduced cysteine moiety on the antibody.
In some aspects, kits for use in cancer treatment and the treatment of autoimmune diseases are provided. Such kits can include a pharmaceutical composition that comprises a Camptothecin Conjugate described herein.
In some embodiments, the kit can include instructions for use in any of the therapeutic methods described herein. The included instructions can provide a description of administration of the pharmaceutical compositions to a subject to achieve the intended activity, e.g., treatment of a disease or condition such as cancer, in a subject. In some embodiments, the instructions relating to the use of the pharmaceutical compositions described herein can include information as to dosage, dosing schedule, and route of administration for the intended treatment. The containers can be unit doses, bulk packages (e.g., multi-dose packages) or sub-unit doses. Instructions supplied in the kits of the disclosure are typically written instructions on a label or package insert. The label or package insert indicates that the pharmaceutical compositions are used for treating, delaying the onset, and/or alleviating a disease or disorder in a subject.
In some embodiments, the kits provided herein are in suitable packaging. Suitable packaging includes, but is not limited to, vials, bottles, jars, flexible packaging, and the like. Also contemplated are packages for use in combination with a specific device, such as an inhaler, nasal administration device, or an infusion device. In some embodiments, a kit can have a sterile access port (for example, the container can be an intravenous solution bag or a vial having a stopper pierceable by a hypodermic injection needle).
In some embodiments, the kits provided herein include an additional therapeutic agent useful in treating a cancer of autoimmune disease as described herein.
The compounds of the present disclosure may be prepared by a number of processes as generally described below and more specifically in the Examples hereinafter (such as the schemes provided in the Examples below), as well as methods known in the art. Exemplary methods are described in International Patent Application No. PCT/US19/25968. In the following process descriptions, the symbols when used in the formulae depicted are to be understood to represent those groups described above in relation to the formulae herein.
The intermediates described in the following preparations may contain a number of nitrogen, hydroxy, and acid protecting groups such as esters. The variable protecting group may be the same or different in each occurrence depending on the particular reaction conditions and the particular transformations to be performed. The protection and deprotection conditions are well known to the skilled artisan and are described in the literature. See. e.g., Greene and Wuts, Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis, (T. Greene and P. Wuts, eds., 2d ed. 1991).
Certain stereochemical centers have been left unspecified and certain substituents have been eliminated in the following schemes for the sake of clarity and are not intended to limit the teaching of the schemes in any way. Furthermore, individual isomers, enantiomers, and diastereomers may be separated or resolved by one of ordinary skill in the art at any convenient point in the synthesis of compounds of the invention, by methods such as selective crystallization techniques or chiral chromatography (See for example, J. Jacques, et al., “Enantiomers, Racemates, and Resolutions”, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 1981, and E. L. Eliel and S. H. Wilen,” Stereochemistry of Organic Compounds”, Wiley-Interscience, 1994).
The compounds of the present invention, or salts thereof, may be prepared by a variety of procedures known in the art, some of which are illustrated in the Examples below. The specific synthetic steps for each of the routes described may be combined in different ways, to prepare compounds of the invention, or salts thereof. The products of each step can be recovered by conventional methods well known in the art, including extraction, evaporation, precipitation, chromatography, filtration, trituration, and crystallization. The reagents and starting materials are readily available to one of ordinary skill in the art. Others may be made by standard techniques of organic and heterocyclic chemistry which are analogous to the syntheses of known structurally-similar compounds and the procedures described in the Examples which follow including any novel procedures.
Compounds of formula (IIIa) can be prepared according to Scheme 1, wherein RF is as defined for formula (I), or any application variations detailed herein; PG3 is an amino protecting group (e.g., Boc), and Rx3 is an amino acid sidechain.
Coupling of amines of general formula 1A with carboxylic acids of general formula 1B yields amides of general formula 1C, which can be deprotected to yield compounds of formula (IIIa). In some embodiments, Rx3 contains a protecting group (e.g., Boc-protected Lys), wherein the protecting group is removed after formation of the compound of general formula 1C.
Compounds of formula (IIc) can be prepared according to Scheme 2, wherein RF, b, and y are as defined for formula (Ib), or any application variations detailed herein; and Rx1, Rx2, and Rx3 are amino acid sidechains.
Coupling of amines of general formula 1A with carboxylic acids of general formula 2A yields Camptothecin-Linker Compounds of formula (IIc). In some embodiments, Rx1, Rx2, and Rx3 each optionally contain a protecting group, which may be the same or different and which is removed after formation of Camptothecin-Linker Compound of formula (IIc)
Compounds of formula 3G can be prepared according to Scheme 3, wherein Rx1, Rx2, and Rx3 are amino acid sidechains; and PG1 and PG2 are amino protecting groups (e.g., Fmoc).
Coupling of amino acids of general formula 3A with protected amino acids of general formula 3B yields compounds of general formula 3C, which is deprotected to yield dipeptides of general formula 3D. Coupling of amino acids of general formula 3D with protected amino acids of general formula 3E yields compounds of general formula 3F, which is deprotected to yield tripeptides of general formula 3G. In some embodiments, Rx1, Rx2, and Rx3 each optionally contain a protecting group, which may be the same or different and which is removed after coupling of the amine and carboxylic acid.
Embodiment 1: A Camptothecin Conjugate having a formula (I):
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein
Embodiment 2: The Camptothecin Conjugate of Embodiment 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein AA1 is Val. Embodiment 3: The Camptothecin Conjugate of Embodiment 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein AA1 is Ala or D-Ala. Embodiment 4: The Camptothecin Conjugate of any one of Embodiments 1-3, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein AA2 is Lys. Embodiment 5: The Camptothecin Conjugate of any one of Embodiments 1-3, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein AA2 is Ala or D-Ala. Embodiment 6: The Camptothecin Conjugate of any one of Embodiments 1-5, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein B is an amino acid selected from the group consisting of Arg, Lys, His, Asp, Glu, Thr, Gln, Ala, Phe, Val, Leu, Met, Trp, and D-Ala. Embodiment 7: The Camptothecin Conjugate of any one of Embodiments 1-6, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein B is D-Ala. Embodiment 8: The Camptothecin Conjugate of any one of Embodiments 1-6, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein B is Arg, Lys, His, Asp, or Glu. Embodiment 9: The Camptothecin Conjugate of any one of Embodiments 1-6, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein B is Thr or Gln. Embodiment 10: The Camptothecin Conjugate of any one of Embodiments 1-6, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein B is Phe, Val, Leu, Met, or Trp. Embodiment 11: The Camptothecin Conjugate of any one of Embodiments 1-10, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein RF is H. Embodiment 12: The Camptothecin Conjugate of any one of Embodiments 1-11, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein S* is a PEG Unit. Embodiment 13: The Camptothecin Conjugate of Embodiment 12, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the PEG Unit has the formula:
wherein the wavy line on the left indicates the site of attachment to A, the wavy line on the right indicates the site of attachment to AA1, and b is an integer from 2 to 20, or is 2, 4, 8, or 12. Embodiment 14: The Camptothecin Conjugate of Embodiment 13, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the PEG Unit has the formula:
wherein the wavy line on the left indicates the site of attachment to A, the wavy line on the right indicates the site of attachment to AA1, and b is an integer from 2 to 20, or is 2, 4, 8, or 12. Embodiment 15: The Camptothecin Conjugate of any one of Embodiments 1 to 14, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein Z has Formula Za:
wherein the asterisk indicates the position of attachment to the Ligand Unit (L);
the wavy line indicates the position of attachment to the Connector Unit (A); and R17 is —C1-C10 alkylene-, C1-C10 heteroalkylene-, —C3-C8 carbocyclo-, —O—(C1-C8 alkylene)-, -arylene-, —C1-C10 alkylene-arylene-, -arylene-C1-C10 alkylene-, —C1-C10 alkylene-(C3-C8 carbocyclo)-, —(C3-C8 carbocyclo)-C1-C10 alkylene-, —C3-C8 heterocyclo-, —C1-C10 alkylene-(C3-C8 heterocyclo)-, —(C3-C8 heterocyclo)-C1-C10 alkylene-, —C1-C10 alkylene-C(═O)—, C1-C10 heteroalkylene-C(═O)—, —C3-C8 carbocyclo-C(═O)—, —O—(C1-C8 alkylene)-C(═O)—, -arylene-C(═O)—, —C1-C10 alkylene-arylene-C(═O)—, -arylene-C1-C10 alkylene-C(═O)—, —C1-C10 alkylene-(C3-C8 carbocyclo)-C(═O)—, —(C3-C8 carbocyclo)-C1-C10 alkylene-C(═O)—, —C3-C8 heterocyclo-C(═O)—, —C1-C10 alkylene-(C3-C8 heterocyclo)-C(═O)—, —(C3-C8 heterocyclo)-C1-C10 alkylene-C(═O)—, C1-C10 alkylene-NH—, C1-C10 heteroalkylene-NH—, —C3-C8 carbocyclo-NH—, —O—(C1-C8 alkylene)-NH—, -arylene-NH—, —C1-C10 alkylene-arylene-NH—, -arylene-C1-C10 alkylene-NH—, —C1-C10 alkylene-C3-C8 carbocyclo)-NH—, —(C3-C8 carbocyclo)-C1-C10 alkylene-NH—, —C3-C8 heterocyclo-NH—, —C1-C10 alkylene-(C3-C8 heterocyclo)-NH—, —(C3-C8 heterocyclo)-C1-C10 alkylene-NH—, —C1-C10 alkylene-S—, C1-C10 heteroalkylene-S—, —C3-C8 carbocyclo-S—, —O—(C1-C8 alkylene)-S—, -arylene-S—, —C1-C10 alkylene-arylene-S—, -arylene-C1-C10 alkylene-S—, —C1-C10 alkylene-(C3-C8 carbocyclo)-S—, —(C3-C8 carbocyclo)-C1-C10 alkylene-S—, —C3-C8 heterocyclo-S—, —C1-C10 alkylene-(C3-C8 heterocyclo)-S—, or —(C3-C8 heterocyclo)-C1-C10 alkylene-S—; wherein R17 is optionally substituted with a Basic Unit (BU) that is —(CH2)xNH2, —(CH2)xNHRa, or —(CH2)xNRa2; wherein x is an integer of from 1-4; and each Ra is independently selected from the group consisting of C1-6 alkyl and C1-6 haloalkyl, or two Ra groups are combined with the nitrogen to which they are attached to form a 4- to 6-membered heterocycloalkyl ring, or an azetidinyl, pyrrolidinyl or piperidinyl group. Embodiment 16: The Camptothecin Conjugate of Embodiment 15, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R17 is —(C1-C5)alkylene-C(═O)—, wherein the alkylene portion of R17 is optionally substituted with the Basic Unit (BU). Embodiment 17: The Camptothecin Conjugate of Embodiment 15 or Embodiment 16, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein Z is:
Embodiment 18: The Camptothecin Conjugate of Embodiment 17, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein Z is:
Embodiment 19: The Camptothecin Conjugate of Embodiment 17, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein Z is:
Embodiment 20: The Camptothecin Conjugate of any one of Embodiments 1 to 19, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein A is a bond. Embodiment 21: The Camptothecin Conjugate of Embodiment 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, having a formula (Ib):
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein L is a Ligand Unit; AA1 is an amino acid; AA2 is an amino acid; B is an amino acid selected from the group consisting of Arg, Lys, His, Asp, Glu, Thr, Gln, Ala, Phe, Val, Leu, Met, Trp, D-Ala, Aib, and pAbz; RF is hydrogen or C1-C6 alkyl; b is an integer from 2 to 20; y is an integer from 1 to 8, or 1 to 4; or 1 or 4; and p is from 1 to 16. Embodiment 22: The Camptothecin Conjugate of Embodiment 21, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein y is 1. Embodiment 23: The Camptothecin Conjugate of Embodiment 21 or 22, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein b is 8. Embodiment 24: The Camptothecin Conjugate of any one of Embodiments 21-23, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein AA1-AA2 is Val-Lys. Embodiment 25: The Camptothecin Conjugate of any one of Embodiments 21-24, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein B is an amino acid selected from the group consisting of Arg, Lys, His, Asp, Glu, Thr, Gln, Ala, Phe, Val, Leu, Met, Trp, and D-Ala. Embodiment 26: The Camptothecin Conjugate of any one of Embodiments 21-23, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein AA1-AA2-B is Ala-Ala-D-Ala. Embodiment 27: The Camptothecin Conjugate of any one of Embodiments 21-26, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein RF is H. Embodiment 28: The Camptothecin Conjugate of any one of Embodiments 1 to 27, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein p is 1 to 16, or is 2 to 8, or is 2, or is 4, or is 8. Embodiment 29: The Camptothecin Conjugate of any one of Embodiments 1 to 28, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the Ligand Unit is an antibody or an antigen-binding fragment thereof. Embodiment 30: The Camptothecin Conjugate of Embodiment 29, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the antibody is a monoclonal antibody or an antigen-binding fragment thereof. Embodiment 31: The Camptothecin Conjugate of Embodiment 29 or Embodiment 30, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the antibody is a cAC10 anti-CD30 antibody or an antigen-binding fragment thereof. Embodiment 32: The Camptothecin Conjugate of any one of Embodiments 29-31, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises CDR-H1, CDR-H2, CDR-H3, CDR-L1, CDR-L2, and CDR-L3 comprising the amino acid sequences of SEQ ID NOs: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6, respectively. Embodiment 33: The Camptothecin Conjugate of Embodiment 31, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable region comprising an amino acid sequence that is at least 95% identical to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 7 and a light chain variable region comprising an amino acid sequence that is at least 95% identical to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 8. Embodiment 34: The Camptothecin Conjugate of Embodiment 31, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 7 and a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 8. Embodiment 35: The Camptothecin Conjugate of Embodiment 31, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the antibody comprises a heavy chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 9 or SEQ ID NO: 10 and a light chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 11. Embodiment 36: A Camptothecin-Linker Compound having a formula (II):
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein Z′ is a Stretcher Unit Precursor; A is a bond or a Connector Unit; S* is a bond or a Partitioning Agent; AA1 is an amino acid; AA2 is an amino acid; B is an amino acid selected from the group consisting of Arg, Lys, His, Asp, Glu, Thr, Gln, Ala, Phe, Val, Leu, Met, Trp, D-Ala, Aib, and pAbz; and RF is H or C1-C6 alkyl. Embodiment 37: The Camptothecin-Linker Compound of Embodiment 36, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein AA1 is Val. Embodiment 38: The Camptothecin-Linker Compound of Embodiment 36, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein AA1 is Ala or D-Ala. Embodiment 39: The Camptothecin-Linker Compound of any one of Embodiments 36-38, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein AA2 is Lys. Embodiment 40: The Camptothecin-Linker Compound of any one of Embodiments 36-38, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein AA2 is Ala or D-Ala. Embodiment 41: The Camptothecin-Linker Compound of any one of Embodiments 36-40, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein B is an amino acid selected from the group consisting of Arg, Lys, His, Asp, Glu, Thr, Gln, Ala, Phe, Val, Leu, Met, Trp, and D-Ala. Embodiment 42: The Camptothecin-Linker Compound of any one of Embodiments 36-41, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein B is D-Ala. Embodiment 43: The Camptothecin-Linker Compound of any one of Embodiments 36-41, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein B is Arg, Lys, His, Asp, or Glu. Embodiment 44: The Camptothecin-Linker Compound of any one of Embodiments 36-41, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein B is Thr or Gln. Embodiment 45: The Camptothecin-Linker Compound of any one of Embodiments 36-41, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein B is Phe, Val, Leu, Met, or Trp. Embodiment 46: The Camptothecin-Linker Compound of any one of Embodiments 36-45, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein RF is H. Embodiment 47: The Camptothecin-Linker Compound of any one of Embodiments 36-46, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein S* is a PEG Unit. Embodiment 48: The Camptothecin-Linker Compound of Embodiment 47, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the PEG Unit has the formula:
wherein the wavy line on the left indicates the site of attachment to A, the wavy line on the right indicates the site of attachment to AA1, and b is an integer from 2 to 20, or is 2, 4, 8, or 12. Embodiment 49: The Camptothecin-Linker Compound of Embodiment 48, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the PEG Unit has the formula:
wherein the wavy line on the left indicates the site of attachment to A, the wavy line on the right indicates the site of attachment to AA1, and b is an integer from 2 to 20, or is 2, 4, 8, or 12. Embodiment 50: The Camptothecin-Linker Compound of any one of Embodiments 36 to 49, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein Z′ has Formula Z′b:
wherein
Embodiment 53: The Camptothecin-Linker Compound of Embodiment 52, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein Z′ is:
Embodiment 54: The Camptothecin-Linker Compound of Embodiment 52, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein Z′ is:
Embodiment 55: The Camptothecin-Linker Compound of any one of Embodiments 36 to 54, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein A is a bond. Embodiment 56: The Camptothecin-Linker Compound of Embodiment 36, having a formula (IIb):
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein AA1 is an amino acid; AA2 is an amino acid; B is an amino acid selected from the group consisting of Arg, Lys, His, Asp, Glu, Thr, Gln, Ala, Phe, Val, Leu, Met, Trp, D-Ala, Aib, and pAbz; RF is hydrogen or C1-C6 alkyl; b is an integer from 2 to 20; and y is an integer from 1 to 8, or 1 to 4; or 1 or 4. Embodiment 57: The Camptothecin-Linker Compound of Embodiment 56, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein y is 1. Embodiment 58: The Camptothecin-Linker Compound of Embodiment 56 or 57, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein b is 8. Embodiment 59: The Camptothecin-Linker Compound of any one of Embodiments 56-58, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein AA1-AA2 is Val-Lys. Embodiment 60: The Camptothecin-Linker Compound of any one of Embodiments 56-59, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein B is an amino acid selected from the group consisting of Arg, Lys, His, Asp, Glu, Thr, Gln, Ala, Phe, Val, Leu, Met, Trp, and D-Ala. Embodiment 61: The Camptothecin-Linker Compound of any one of Embodiments 56-58, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein AA1-AA2-B is Ala-Ala-D-Ala. Embodiment 62: The Camptothecin-Linker Compound of any one of Embodiments 56-61, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein RF is H. Embodiment 63: A Camptothecin Compound having a formula (III):
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein B′ is an amino acid selected from the group consisting of Arg, Lys, His, Asp, Glu, Thr, Gln, Ala, Phe, Val, Leu, Met, Trp, D-Ala, Aib, and pAbz; and RF is H or C1-C6 alkyl. Embodiment 64: A method of treating cancer in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of a Camptothecin Conjugate of any one of Embodiments 1 to 35 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof or a Camptothecin Compound of Embodiment 63 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. Embodiment 65: The method of Embodiment 64, wherein the cancer is a lymphoma, a leukemia, or a solid tumor. Embodiment 66: The method of Embodiment 64 or Embodiment 65, wherein the method comprises administering to the subject an effective amount of an additional therapeutic agent, one or more chemotherapeutic agents, or radiation therapy. Embodiment 67: A method of treating an autoimmune disease in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of a Camptothecin Conjugate of any one of Embodiments 1 to 35 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof or a Camptothecin Compound of Embodiment 63 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. Embodiment 68: The method of Embodiment 67, wherein the autoimmune disease is a Th2 lymphocyte related disorder, a Th1 lymphocyte-related disorder, or an activated B lymphocyte-related disorder. Embodiment 69: A method of treating cancer in a subject in need thereof, comprising contacting the cancer cells with the Camptothecin Compound of Embodiment 63 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. Embodiment 70: The method of Embodiment 69, wherein the cancer is a lymphoma, a leukemia, or a solid tumor. Embodiment 71: A method of preparing a Camptothecin Conjugate of any one of Embodiments 1 to 35 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, comprising reacting an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof with a Camptothecin-Linker Compound of any one of Embodiments 36 to 62 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. Embodiment 72: A pharmaceutical composition comprising the Camptothecin Conjugate of any one of Embodiments 1 to 35 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. Embodiment 73: A kit comprising a Camptothecin Conjugate of any one of Embodiments 1 to 35 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, optionally comprising an additional therapeutic agent. Embodiment 74: Use of the Camptothecin Conjugate of any one of Embodiments 1 to 35 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof or the Camptothecin Compound of Embodiment 63 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for treating a disease or disorder. Embodiment 75: Use of the Camptothecin Conjugate of any one of Embodiments 1 to 35 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof or a Camptothecin Compound of Embodiment 63 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient, carrier, or diluent, in preparation of a medicament for treating a disease or disorder.
The following materials and methods are applicable to the synthetic procedures described in this section unless indicated otherwise. All commercially available anhydrous solvents were used without further purification. Starting materials, reagents and solvents were purchased from commercial suppliers (SigmaAldrich and Fischer). Products were purified by flash column chromatography utilizing a Biotage Isolera One flash purification system (Charlotte, NC). UPLC-MS was performed on a Waters single quad detector mass spectrometer interfaced to a Waters Acquity UPLC system. UPLC methods are described below. Preparative HPLC was carried out on a Waters 2454 Binary Gradient Module solvent delivery system configured with a Wasters 2998 PDA detector. Products were purified with the appropriate diameter of column of a Phenomenex Max-RP 4 μm Synergi 80 Å 250 mm reverse phase column eluting with 0.05% trifluoroacetic acid in water and 0.05% trifluoroacetic acid in acetonitrile unless otherwise specified.
The Camptothecin Compounds provided in the following Examples can be used in preparing Camptothecin-Linker Compounds as well as Camptothecin Conjugates as described herein.
To Boc-Leu-OH (4.44 mg, 0.0178 mmol) dissolved in anhydrous DMF (44 μl) was added HATU (6.77 mg, 0.0178 mmol) dissolved in anhydrous DMF (68 μL). DIPEA (5.8 μL, 0.036 mmol) was added and the reaction was stirred at room temperature for 20 minutes. Compound 1 (MAD-MDCPT) (5.00 mg, 0.0119 mmol) dissolved in anhydrous DMF (50 μL) was added and the reaction was stirred for 30 minutes at which point complete conversion was observed. The reaction was quenched with AcOH (5 μL) and concentrated. The crude reaction mixture was purified by preparative HPLC 10×250 mm Synergi Max-RP 5-60-95% MeCN in H2O 0.1% formic acid. Fractions containing the desired product were concentrated in vacuo to afford compound 2 as a yellow solid (3.48 mg, 0.00548 mmol, 46%). Rt=1.87 min General Method UPLC. MS (m/z) [M+H]+ calc. for C33H39N4O9 635.27, found 635.49.
Compound 2 (3.48 mg, 0.00548 mmol) was dissolved in 20% TFA in DCM (1 mL). The reaction was stirred at room temperature for 20 minutes at which point complete conversion was observed by UPLC-MS. The reaction was concentrated in vacuo and purified by preparative HPLC 10×250 mm Synergi Max RP 5-60-95% MeCN in H2O 0.1% formic acid. Fractions containing the desired product were concentrated by lyophilization to afford compound 3 as a colorless solid (1.92 mg, 3.59 μmol, 66%). Rt=1.13 min General Method UPLC. MS (m/z) [M+H]+ calc. for C28H31N4O7 535.22, found 535.55.
Solid phase peptide synthesis of MP-PEG8-Ala-Ala-Ala-OH:
Unprotected alanine pre-loaded 0.7 mmol/g on 2-chlorotrityl resin was purchased from Millipore Sigma. Resin (0.357 gram, 0.25 mmol) was added to reaction vessel. Resin was washed with DMF 3 times and drained completely. Resin was swelled by shaking in DMF for 30 minutes, and drained. Using the general coupling procedure Fmoc-Ala-OH was coupled to the resin. The Fmoc was deprotected using the general deprotection procedure. Using the general coupling procedure Fmoc-Ala-OH was coupled to the resin, followed by the general deprotection procedure. MP-PEG8-OH (3-maleimidopropionyl-NH—(CH2CH2O)8—CH2CH2C(O)—OH) was coupled using the general coupling procedure. The resin was then washed with DCM 3 times, followed by Et2O 3 times, and placed under high vacuum overnight. The peptide was cleaved off the resin by swirling the resin in a solution of 3 mL hexafluoroisopropanol, and 7 mL DCM for 1 hour. Resin was then filtered and rinsed with DCM 3 times, and then the solution was concentrated in vacuo to afford crude compound 4 as a colorless, amorphous solid (212.3 mg, 0.2634 mmol, 105%). Rt=0.93 min General Method UPLC. MS (m/z) [M+H]+ calc. for C35H60N5O16 806.89, found 806.87.
General Fmoc deprotection procedure
A solution of 20% piperidine in DMF (5 mL) was added to the resin, shaken for 1 minute, and drained. Another 5 mL of 20% piperidine in DMF was added to the resin, shaken for 30 minutes, and drained. The resin washed with DMF 4 times and drained completely.
A solution was prepared in DMF (5 mL) of Fmoc Amino Acid (0.75 mmol), HATU (0.75 mmol), DIPEA (1.5 mmol). The solution was added to the resin, and shaken for 60 minutes. The reaction vessel was drained and washed with DMF 4 times.
Compound 4 (38.3 mg, 0.0475 mmol) was dissolved in anhydrous DMF (0.38 mL). COMU (15.2 mg, 0.0356 mmol) in DMF (0.15 mL) was added followed by 2,6-lutidine (8.25 μL, 0.0712 mmol). The reaction was stirred for 10 minutes to allow for complete activation of the acid to the NHS ester. Compound 1 (5.0 mg, 0.0119 mmol) in DMF (0.050 mL) was added to the reaction. Complete conversion was observed after 5 minutes. The reaction was quenched with AcOH (25 μL) and purified by prep-HPLC 5-60-95% MeCN in H2O 0.1% formic acid. Fractions containing the desired product were concentrated in vacuo to afford compound 5 as a yellow solid (12.3 mg, 0.00740 mmol, 31%). Rt=1.24 min General Method UPLC. MS (m/z) [M+H]+ calc. for C57H77N8O21 1209.52, found 1209.83.
Solid phase peptide synthesis of MP-PEG8-Val-Lys-D-Ala-OH:
Unprotected D-alanine pre-loaded 0.75 mmol/g on 2-chlorotrityl resin was purchased from Iris Biotech. Resin (0.333 gram, 0.25 mmol) was added to reaction vessel. Resin was washed with DMF 3 times and drained completely. Resin was swelled by shaking in DMF for 30 minutes, and drained. Using the general coupling procedure Fmoc-Lys(Boc)-OH was coupled to the resin. The Fmoc was deprotected using the general deprotection procedure. Using the general coupling procedure Fmoc-Val-OH was coupled to the resin, followed by the general deprotection procedure. MP-PEG8-OH was coupled using the general coupling procedure. The resin was then washed with DCM 3 times, followed by Et2O 3 times, and placed under high vacuum overnight. The peptide was cleaved off the resin by swirling the resin in a solution of 3 mL hexafluoroisopropanol, and 7 mL DCM for 1 hour. Resin was then filtered and rinsed with DCM 3 times, and then the solution was concentrated in vacuo to afford crude compound 6 as a colorless, amorphous solid (215.7 mg, 0.2176 mmol, 87%). Rt=1.31 min General Method UPLC. MS (m/z) [M+H]+ calc. for C45H79N6O18 991.54, found 992.15.
General Fmoc deprotection procedure
A solution of 20% piperidine in DMF (5 mL) was added to the resin, shaken for 1 minute, and drained. Another 5 mL of 20% piperidine in DMF was added to the resin, shaken for 30 minutes, and drained. The resin washed with DMF 4 times and drained completely.
A solution was prepared in DMF (5 mL) of Fmoc Amino Acid (0.75 mmol), HATU (0.75 mmol), DIPEA (1.5 mmol). The solution was added to the resin, and shaken for 60 minutes. The reaction vessel was drained and washed with DMF 4 times.
Compound 6 (47.04 mg, 0.0475 mmol) was dissolved in anhydrous DMF (0.47 mL). COMU (15.2 mg, 0.0356 mmol) in DMF (0.15 mL) was added followed by 2,6-lutidine (8.25 μL, 0.0712 mmol). The reaction was stirred for 10 minutes to allow for complete activation of the acid to the NHS ester. Compound 1 (5.0 mg, 0.0119 mmol) in DMF (0.050 mL) was added to the reaction. Complete conversion was observed after 10 minutes. The reaction was quenched with AcOH (25 μL) and purified by prep-HPLC 5-60-95% MeCN in H2O 0.1% Formic Acid. Fractions containing the desired product were concentrated in vacuo to afford compound 7 as a yellow solid (1.9 mg, 0.00136 mmol, 12%). Rt=1.53 min General Method UPLC. MS (m/z) [M+H]+ calc. for C67H96N9O23 1394.66, found 1395.11.
Compound 7 was dissolved in 20% TFA in DCM. The reaction was monitored for completion by UPLC-MS. Complete conversion was observed after 10 minutes. The reaction was concentrated in vacuo, reconstituted in 20% MeCN in H2O 0.1% formic acid and purified by prep-HPLC 10×250 mm Synergi Max-RP 5-35-95% MeCN in H2O 0.1% formic acid. Fractions containing the desired product were lyophilized to afford compound 8 as a yellow powder (1.66 mg, 0.00128 mmol, 91%). Rt=1.27 min General Method UPLC. MS (m/z) [M+H]+ calc. for C62H88N9O21 1294.61, found 1294.81.
Fully or partially reduced ADCs were prepared in 50% propylene glycol (PG) iX PBS mixture. A half portion of the PG was added to reduced mAb, and half PG was added to the 1 mM DMSO camptothecin drug-linker stock. The PG/drug-linker mix was added to reduced mAb in 25% portions. After the addition of drug-linker was complete, excess drug-linker was removed by treating with activated charcoal (1 mg of charcoal to 1 mg of mAb). The charcoal was then removed via filtration, and the resulting ADC was buffer exchanged using a NAP5 or PD 10 column, into 500 trehalose in 1×PBS pH 7.4. ADCs prepared according to this method and their Drug-Antibody Ratio are provided in Table S4.
In vitro potency was assessed on multiple cancer cell lines. All cell lines were authenticated by STR profiling at IDEXX Bioresearch and cultured for no more than 2 months after resuscitation. Cells cultured in log-phase growth were seeded for 24 hours in 96-well plates containing 150 μl RPMI 1640 supplemented with 20% FBS. Serial dilutions of antibody-drug conjugates in cell culture media were prepared at 4× working concentrations, and 50 μl of each dilution was added to the 96-well plates. Following addition of test articles, cells were incubated with test articles for 4 days at 37° C. After 96 hours, growth inhibition was assessed by CellTiter-Glo® (Promega, Madison, WI) and luminescence was measured on a plate reader. The IC50 value, determined in triplicate, is defined here as the concentration that results in 50% reduction in cell growth relative to untreated controls.
In the following Tables IC50 values for ADCs and campthothecin free drugs are given in ng/mL and mmol/mL concentrations, respectively. Cell viability was determined by CellTiter-Glo staining after 96 h exposure to ADC. ND=Not Determined. Ag1 is an antibody targeting a ubiquitous and readily internalizable antigen on cancer cells.
Tables 1A-1B. In vitro potency (IC50 values) of camptothecin ADCs and camptothecin compounds as free drugs.
Table 2. ADC aggregations levels for peptide-based camptothecin drug-linkers. ADC aggregation was determined by Size Exclusion Chromatography (SEC). Lower levels of aggregation were observed when hydrophilic peptide sequences and/or PEG4 Units were included in peptide-based camptothecin drug-linker constructs.
In vitro drug release from Ag1-8 ADC (DAR 8), Ag1-8k ADC (DAR8) and Ag1-8o ADC (DAR 8) was studied in ALCL line Karpas 299 and HL cell line L540cy at 24 h. Karpas 299 (CD30 positive, T-cell lymphoma) and L540cy (CD30 positive, Hodgkin's lymphoma) cells were plated at 5E6 cells/mL (total of 5E6 cells) in fresh media (RPMI+10% FBS, RPMI+20% FBS, respectively). Upon plating, cells were dosed with Ag1-8 ADC (DAR 8), Ag1-8k ADC (DAR8), or Ag1-8o ADC (DAR 8) at 100 ng/mL of culture. Treated cells were incubated at 37° C. and harvested 24 hours post-dose. Upon harvesting, cells were pelleted, washed with PBS and frozen down in a small volume of PBS. For analytical mass spec (LC-MS/MS) sample preparation, cells were extracted in cold methanol containing an internal standard and incubated on ice. After incubation, samples were centrifuged and supernatant (containing extracted small molecule) was removed and dried under nitrogen. Dried samples were reconstituted in 90% water containing 0.1% formic acid, and injected into Supelco Discovery C18 (3 μm, 2.1×50 mm) column connected to Sciex 6500+ Triple Quadrupole Mass Spectrometer.
As shown in
Differential Activity on CD30+ parental DEL and CD30/NDR+ DEL-BVR cell lines
Differential activity of camptothecin conjugate on CD30+ parental DEL and CD30/MDR+DEL-BVR cell lines. The parental DEL lymphoma cell line is cultured in the presence of brentuximab vedotin to induce over-expression of the MDR phenotype, resulting in the DEL brentuximab vedotin resistant line (DEL-BVR).
In vivo Model Methods
All experiments are conducted in concordance with the Animal Care and Use Committee in a facility fully accredited by the Association for Assessment and Accreditation of Laboratory Animal Care. Efficacy experiments are conducted in the 786-0, L540cy and Karpas/Karpas-BVR, DelBVR, Karpas 299, L428, DEL-15, and L82 xenografts models. Tumor cells, as a cell suspension, are implanted sub-cutaneous in immune-compromised SCID or nude mice. Upon tumor engraftment, mice are randomized to study groups (5 mice per group) when the average tumor volume reaches about 100 mm3. The ADC or controls are dosed once via intraperitoneal injection. Tumor volume as a function of time is determined using the formula (L×W2)/2. Animals are euthanized when tumor volumes reaches 750 mm3. Mice showing durable regressions are terminated after 10-12 weeks post implant.
Animals are implanted with L540cy cells. After 7 days, the animals are sorted into groups with an average tumor size of 100 mm3, and then treated with a single dose of camptothecin ADC, at 3 or 10 mg/kg. In another experiment, the animals are treated with a single dose of camptothecin ADC, at 1 or 3 mg/kg. Animals are evaluated for tumor size and in-life signs during the course of the study.
Animals are implanted with 786-0 cells. On day 10, the animals are sorted into groups with an average tumor size of 100 mm3, and then treated with a single dose of camptothecin ADC, at 10 mg/kg. Animals are evaluated for tumor size and in-life signs during the course of the study.
Animals are implanted with a 1:1 mixture of CD30+ Karpas299 and C30-Karpas299-brentuximab vedotin resistant (Karpas299-BVR) cells. After 8 days, the animals are sorted into groups with an average tumor size of 100 mm3, and then treated with a single dose of camptothecin ADC, at 10 mg/kg. In another experiment, animals are treated with a single dose of camptothecin ADC, at 3 or 10 mg/kg. Animals are evaluated for tumor size and in-life signs during the course of the study.
Animals are implanted with DelBVR cells. On day 7, the animals are sorted into groups with an average tumor size of 100 mm3, and then treated with a single dose of camptothecin ADC, at 0.3 or 1 mg/kg. Animals are evaluated for tumor size and in-life signs during the course of the study.
Animals are implanted with DelBVR cells. On day 7, the animals are sorted into groups with an average tumor size of 100 mm3, and then treated with a single dose of camptothecin ADC, at 1 or 2 mg/kg, or with a single dose of camptothecin ADC, at 0.6 or 1 mg/kg. Animals are evaluated for tumor size and in-life signs during the course of the study.
Animals are implanted with Karpas299 cells. After 7 days, the animals are sorted into groups with an average tumor size of 100 mm3, and then treated with a single dose of non-binding control using h00, or camptothecin ADC, at 1, 3 or 10 mg/kg with either single or multi-dose. Animals are evaluated for tumor size and in-life signs during the course of the study.
Animals are implanted with L428 cells. After 7 days, the animals are sorted into groups with an average tumor size of 100 mm3, and then treated with camptothecin ADC, at 1, 3 or 10 mg/kg with either single or multi-dose. Animals are evaluated for tumor size and in-life signs during the course of the study.
Animals are implanted with DEL-15 cells. After 7 days, the animals are sorted into groups with an average tumor size of 100 mm3, and then treated with a single dose of camptothecin ADC, at 0.1, 0.3 or 1 mg/kg. Animals are evaluated for tumor size and in-life signs during the course of the study.
Animals are implanted with L82 cells. After 7 days, the animals are sorted into groups with an average tumor size of 100 mm3, and then treated with a single dose of camptothecin ADC, at 1 mg/kg. Animals are evaluated for tumor size and in-life signs during the course of the study.
The results of this study show that the ADCs tested are active in these animal models.
This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/911,060 filed on Oct. 4, 2019, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/US2020/054137 | 10/2/2020 | WO |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 62911060 | Oct 2019 | US |
