Patent Grant
8328041
This invention relates to an end wall for a container and more particularly but not exclusively to an end wall of a can body and a method for fixing the end wall to the can body by means of a double seam.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,093,102 (KRASKA) describes can ends comprising a peripheral cover hook, a chuck wall dependent from the interior of the cover hook, an outwardly concave annular reinforcing bead extending radially inwards from the chuck wall and a central panel joined to an inner wall of the reinforcing bead by an annular outwardly convex bead. This can end is said to contain an internal pressure of 90 psi by virtue of the inclination or slope of the chuck wall, bead outer wall and bead inner wall to a line perpendicular to the centre panel. The chuck wall slope D° is between 14° and 16°, the outer wall slope E is less than 4° and the inner wall slope C° is between 10 and 16° leading into the outwardly convex bead. We have discovered that improvements in metal usage can be made by increasing the slope of the chuck wall and limiting the width of the anti peaking bead.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,217,843 (KRASKA) describes an alternative design of can end in which the countersink has inner and outer flat walls, and a bottom radius which is less than three times the metal thickness. The can end has a chuck wall extending at an angle of approximately 24° to the vertical. Conversely, our European Patent application EP0340955A describes a can end in which the chuck wall extends at an angle of between 12° and 20° to the vertical.
Our European Patent No. 0153115 describes a method of making a can end suitable for closing a can body containing a beverage such as beer or soft drinks. This can end comprises a peripheral flange or cover hook, a chuck wall dependent from the interior of the cover hook, an outwardly concave reinforcing bead extending radially inwards from the chuck wall from a thickened junction of the chuck wall with the bead, and a central panel supported by an inner portion of the reinforcing bead. Such can ends are usually formed from a prelacquered aluminum alloy such as an aluminum magnesium manganese alloy such as alloy 5182.
Our International Patent Application published no. WO93/17864 describes a can end suitable for a beverage can and formed from a laminate of aluminum/manganese alloy coated with a film of semi crystalline thermoplastic polyester. This polyester/aluminum alloy laminate permitted manufacture of a can end with a narrow, and therefore strong reinforcing bead in the cheaper aluminum manganese alloy.
These known can ends are held during double seaming by an annular flange of chuck, the flange being of a width and height to enter the anti-peaking bead. There is a risk of scuffing if this narrow annulus slips. Furthermore a narrow annular flange of the chuck is susceptible to damage.
Continuing development of a can end using less metal, whilst still permitting stacking of a filled can upon the end of another, this invention provides a can end comprising a peripheral cover hook, a chuck wall dependant from the interior of the chuck wall, an outwardly concave annular reinforcing bead extending radially inwards from the chuck wall, and a central panel supported by an inner portion of the reinforcing bead, characterized in that, the chuck wall is inclined to an axis perpendicular to the exterior of the central panel at an angle between 30° and 60°, and the concave bead narrower than 1.5 mm (0.060″). Preferably, the angle of the chuck wall to the perpendicular is between 40° and 45°.
In a preferred embodiment of the can end an outer wall of the reinforcing bead is inclined to a line perpendicular to the central panel at an angle between −15° to +15° and the height of the outer wall is up to 2.5 mm.
In one embodiment the reinforcing bead has an inner portion parallel to an outer portion joined by said concave radius.
The ratio of the diameter of the central panel to the diameter of the peripheral curl is preferably 80% or less.
The can end may be made of a laminate of thermoplastic polymer film and a sheet aluminum alloy such as a laminate of a polyethylene terephthalate film on an aluminum-manganese alloy sheet or ferrous metal typically less than 0.010 (0.25 mm) thick for beverage packaging. A lining compound may be placed in the peripheral cover hook.
In a second aspect this invention provides a method of forming a double seam between a can body and a can end according to any preceding claim, said method comprising the steps of:—
placing the curl of the can end on a flange of a can body supported on a base plate, locating a chuck within the chuck wall of the can end to centre the can end on the can body flange, said chuck having a frustoconical drive surface of substantially equal slope to that of the chuck wall of the can end and a cylindrical surface portion extending away from the drive surface within the chuck wall, causing relative motion as between the assembly of can end and can body and a first operation seaming roll to form a first operation seam, and thereafter causing relative motion as between the first operation seam and a second operation roll to complete a double seam, during these seaming operations the chuck wall becoming bent to contact the cylindrical portion of the chuck.
Various embodiments will now be described by way of example and with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:—
In
A lifter 4 mounted in the base plate is movable towards and away from a chuck 5 mounted in the top plate. The top plate supports a first operation seaming roll 6 on an arm 7 for pivotable movement towards and away from the chuck. The top plate also supports a second operation seaming roll 8 on an arm 9 for movement towards and away from the chuck after relative motion as between the first operation roll and can end on the chuck creates a first operation seam.
As shown in
The chuck 5 comprises a body 17 having a threaded bore 18 permitting attachment to the rest of the apparatus (not shown). An annular bead 19 projects from the body 17 of the chuck to define with the end face of the body a cavity to receive the central panel 16 of the can end. The fit of panel 16 in annulus 19 may be slack between panel wall and chuck.
The exterior surface of the projecting bead 19 extends upwards towards the body at a divergent angle B of about 12° to the vertical to join the exterior of the chuck body 17 which tapers off an angle A° of about 4° to a vertical axis perpendicular to the central panel. The outer wall of the chuck 5 engages with the chuck wall at a low position marked “D” within the 12° shaped portion of the chuck bead 15.
As can ends are developed with narrower anti-peaking beads the chuck bead 19 becomes narrower and more likely to fracture. There is also a risk of scuff-mg of the can end at the drive position D which can leave unacceptable unsightly black marks after pasteurization.
Preferably the anti-peaking bead 25 is parallel sided, however the outer wall may be inclined to a line perpendicular to the central panel at an angle between −15° to +15° and the height h4 of the outer wall may be up to 2.5 mm.
This can end is preferably made from a laminate of sheet metal and polymeric coating. Preferably the laminate comprises an aluminum magnesium alloy sheet such as 5182, or aluminum manganese alloy such as 3004 with a layer of polyester film on one side. A polypropylene film may be used on the “other side” if desired
From these dimensions it can be calculated that the ratio of central panel diameter of 47.24 mm to overall diameter of can end 65.84 is about 0.72 to 1.
For economy the aluminum alloy is in the form of sheet metal less than 0.010″ (0.25 mm). A polyester film on the metal sheet is typically 0.0005″ (0.0125 mm).
Although this example shows an overall height h2 at 6.86 mm we have also found that useful can ends may be made with an overall height as little as 6.35 mm (0.25″).
In
The frustoconical drive surface is inclined outwardly and axially at an angle substantially equal to the angle of inclination C° of between 20° and 60°; in this particular example on chuck angle C of 43° is preferred. The drive surface 32 is a little shorter than the chuck wall 24 of the chuck body. The substantially cylindrical surface portion 33, rising above the drive surface 32, may be inclined at an angle between +4° and −4° to a longitudinal axis of the chuck. As in
In contrast to the chuck of
It will be understood that first operation seaming is formed using apparatus as described with reference to
During relative rotation as between the can end 22 and first operation roll 34 the edge between the chuck drive wall 32 and cylindrical wall 33 exerts a pinching force between chuck 30 and roll 34 to deform the chuck wall of the can end as shown.
After completion of the first operation seam the first operation roll is swung away from the first operation seam and a second operation roll 38 is swung inwards to bear upon the first operation seam supported by the chuck 30. Relative rotation as between the second operation roll 38 and first operation seam supported by a chuck wall 30 completes a double seam as shown in
Can ends according to the invention were made from aluminum alloy 5182 and an aluminum alloy 3004/polymer laminate sold by CarnudMetalbox under the trade mark ALULITE. Each can end was fixed by a double seam to a drawn and wall ironed (DWI) can body using various chuck angles and chuck wall angle as tabulated in Table 1 which records the pressure inside a can at which the can ends failed:—
All pressures on unaged shells in bar (psig). 5182 is an aluminum-magnesium-manganese alloy lacquered. The “ALULITE” used is a laminate of aluminum alloy and polyester film.
The early results given in Table 1 showed that the can end shape was already useful for closing cans containing relatively low pressures. It was also observed that clamping of the double seam with the “D” seam ring resulted in improved pressure retention. Further tests were done using a chuck wall angle and chuck drive surface inclined at nearly 45°. Table 2 shows the improvement observed:—
Table 2 is based on observations made on can ends made of aluminum coated with polymer film (ALULITE) to have a chuck wall length of 5.029 mm (0.198″) up the 43° slope.
It will be observed that the container pressures achieved for samples J, K, L, 4.89 bar (70.9 psig), 4.83 bar (70.0 psig) and 4.74 bar (68.7 psig) respectively were much enhanced by clamping the double seam.
In order to provide seam strength without use of a clamping ring, modified chucks were used in which the drive slope angle C° was about 43° and the cylindrical surface 33 was generally +4° and −4°. Results are shown in Table 3.
ALL PRESSURES IN BAR (PSIG)
ALL CODES
Table 3 shows Code “O” made from 0.25 mm Alulite to give 6.62 bar (95 psi) Pressure Test Result indicating a can end suitable for pressurized beverages. Further chucks with various land lengths (slope) were tried as shown in Table 4.
ALL PRESSURES IN BAR (PSIG)
CODE
Table 4 shows results of further development to seaming chuck configuration to bring closer the pressure resistance of ring supported and unsupported double seams.
Table 4 identifies parameters for length of generally vertical cylindrical surface 33 on the seaming chuck 30, and also identifies a positional relationship between the chuck wall 24 of the end and the finished double seam. It will be understood from
Table 5 shows results obtained from a typical seam chuck designed to give double seam in accordance with parameters and relationships identified in Table 4. Typically:—As shown in
The can ends may be economically made of thinner metal if pressure retention requirements permit because these can ends have a relatively small centre panel in a stiffer annulus.
The clearance between the bottom of the upper can body and lower can end may be used to accommodate ring pull features (not shown) in the can end or promotional matter such as an coiled straw or indicia.
Using the experimental data presented above, a computer program was set up to estimate the resistance to deformation available to our can ends when joined to containers containing pressurized beverage. The last two entries on the table relate to a known 206 diameter beverage can end and an estimate of what we think the KRASKA patent teaches.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 9510515.1 | May 1995 | GB | national |
This is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/417,980 filed Apr. 17, 2003, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,935,826 which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/024,862, filed Dec. 18, 2001, which issued Feb. 1, 2005 as U.S. Pat. No. 6,848,875, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/650,664, filed Aug. 30, 2000, now abandoned, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/552,668, filed Apr. 19, 2000, now abandoned, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 08/945,698, filed Nov. 21, 1997, which issued May 23, 2000 as U.S. Pat. No. 6,065,634, which is the U.S. National Phase of PCT/GB96/00709, filed Mar. 25, 1996, which claims priority to UK 9510515.1, filed May 24, 1995.
| Number | Name | Date | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 3023927 | Ehman | Mar 1962 | A |
| 3526486 | Smith et al. | Sep 1970 | A |
| 3843014 | Cospen et al. | Oct 1974 | A |
| 3967752 | Cudzik | Jul 1976 | A |
| 4015744 | Brown | Apr 1977 | A |
| 4024981 | Brown | May 1977 | A |
| 4093102 | Kraska | Jun 1978 | A |
| 4148410 | Brown | Apr 1979 | A |
| 4150765 | Mazurek | Apr 1979 | A |
| 4199073 | Gombas | Apr 1980 | A |
| 4210257 | Radtke | Jul 1980 | A |
| 4217843 | Kraska | Aug 1980 | A |
| 4276993 | Hasegawa | Jul 1981 | A |
| 4286728 | Fraze et al. | Sep 1981 | A |
| 4365724 | Walden | Dec 1982 | A |
| 4402421 | Ruemer, Jr. | Sep 1983 | A |
| 4448322 | Kraska | May 1984 | A |
| D279265 | Turner et al. | Jun 1985 | S |
| 4559801 | Smith et al. | Dec 1985 | A |
| 4578007 | Diekhoff | Mar 1986 | A |
| 4606472 | Taube et al. | Aug 1986 | A |
| D285661 | Brownbill | Sep 1986 | S |
| 4641761 | Smith et al. | Feb 1987 | A |
| 4674649 | Pavely | Jun 1987 | A |
| 4681238 | Sanchez | Jul 1987 | A |
| 4685582 | Pulciani et al. | Aug 1987 | A |
| 4716755 | Bulso, Jr. et al. | Jan 1988 | A |
| 4782594 | Porucznik et al. | Nov 1988 | A |
| 4808052 | Bulso, Jr. et al. | Feb 1989 | A |
| 4809861 | Wilkinson et al. | Mar 1989 | A |
| D300608 | Taylor et al. | Apr 1989 | S |
| D304302 | Dalli et al. | Oct 1989 | S |
| 4893725 | Ball et al. | Jan 1990 | A |
| 4930658 | McEldowney | Jun 1990 | A |
| 5046637 | Kysh | Sep 1991 | A |
| 5049019 | Franek et al. | Sep 1991 | A |
| 5064087 | Koch | Nov 1991 | A |
| 5129541 | Voigt et al. | Jul 1992 | A |
| 5143504 | Braakman | Sep 1992 | A |
| 5197536 | Hanneman | Mar 1993 | A |
| D337521 | McNulty | Jul 1993 | S |
| 5252019 | Saunders et al. | Oct 1993 | A |
| D347172 | Heynen et al. | May 1994 | S |
| 5356256 | Turner et al. | Oct 1994 | A |
| D352898 | Vacher | Nov 1994 | S |
| 5494184 | Noguchi et al. | Feb 1996 | A |
| 5582319 | Heyes et al. | Dec 1996 | A |
| 5839869 | Moran et al. | Nov 1998 | A |
| D406236 | Brifcani et al. | Mar 1999 | S |
| 5911551 | Moran | Jun 1999 | A |
| 5957647 | Hinton | Sep 1999 | A |
| 5971259 | Bacon | Oct 1999 | A |
| 6024239 | Turner et al. | Feb 2000 | A |
| 6065634 | Brifcani et al. | May 2000 | A |
| 6089072 | Fields | Jul 2000 | A |
| Number | Date | Country |
|---|---|---|
| G 92 11 788 | Jan 1993 | DE |
| 0 153 115 | Aug 1985 | EP |
| 0 153 155 | Aug 1985 | EP |
| 0 340 955 | Nov 1989 | EP |
| 1444470 | Jul 1976 | GB |
| 2 143 202 | Feb 1985 | GB |
| 2 196 891 | May 1988 | GB |
| 2 218 024 | Nov 1989 | GB |
| 57-117323 | Jul 1982 | JP |
| 63-125152 | May 1988 | JP |
| 01 1 167 050 | Jun 1989 | JP |
| 03-032835 | Feb 1991 | JP |
| 03-043349 | Feb 1991 | JP |
| WO 9317864 | Sep 1993 | WO |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20050247717 A1 | Nov 2005 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 10417980 | Apr 2003 | US |
| Child | 11152804 | US | |
| Parent | 10024862 | Dec 2001 | US |
| Child | 10417980 | US | |
| Parent | 09650664 | Aug 2000 | US |
| Child | 10024862 | US | |
| Parent | 09552668 | Apr 2000 | US |
| Child | 09650664 | US | |
| Parent | 08945698 | US | |
| Child | 09552668 | US |
