This disclosure generally relates generally to a body proximity sensor, and more specifically to a body proximity sensor that employs capacitive sensors of different sizes and/or configurations to facilitate the determination of whether an object in proximity to an electronic device is a human body or a non-human object.
Many electronic devices include components that emit radio-frequency (RF) electromagnetic field (EMF) emissions. Examples of such electronic devices include mobile communication devices, tablet computing devices, laptop computing devices, and the like. Human exposure to these RF EMF emissions is harmful if the radiation power is high, at close range, and/or over a prolonged time.
The following presents a simplified summary to provide a basic understanding of some aspects of the subject disclosure. This summary is not an extensive overview of the disclosed subject matter. It is not intended to identify key or critical elements of the disclosed subject matter, nor is it intended to delineate the scope of the subject disclosure or the claims. Its sole purpose is to present some concepts of the disclosed subject matter in a simplified form as a prelude to the more detailed description presented later.
In a non-limiting embodiment of the subject disclosure, a system is described that can be used as a body proximity sensor. The system includes a first sensor and a second sensor. The first sensor has a first shape and detects a first capacitance related to an object. The second sensor has a second shape different from the first shape and detects a second capacitance related to the object. The system also includes an electronic component that processes the first capacitance and the second capacitance to facilitate discrimination of whether the object is a human body or a non-human object.
In another non-limiting embodiment, a method is described. The method can be used to determine whether an object is a human body or a non-human object. The method includes processing a first capacitance from a first sensor with a first shape and a second capacitance from a second sensor with a second shape different from the first sensor. The method also includes determining a type of object in proximity of the first sensor and the second sensor based on the first capacitance and the second capacitance.
In a further non-limiting embodiment, an apparatus is described. The apparatus can be used as a body proximity sensor. The apparatus includes a first sensor and a second sensor. The first sensor has a first shape and detects a first capacitance. The second sensor has a second shape different from the first shape and detects a second capacitance. The apparatus also includes an electronic component that processes the first capacitance and the second capacitance to facilitate determination of whether the object is a human body or a non-human object.
The following description and the annexed drawings set forth in detail certain illustrative aspects of the disclosed subject matter. These aspects are indicative, however, of a few of the various ways in which the principles of the innovation may be employed. The disclosed subject matter is intended to include all such aspects and their equivalents. Other advantages and distinctive features of the disclosed subject matter will become apparent from the following detailed description of the innovation when considered in conjunction with the drawings.
Non-limiting and non-exhaustive embodiments of the subject disclosure are described with reference to the following figures, wherein like reference numerals refer to like parts throughout the various views unless otherwise specified.
In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments of the subject disclosure. One skilled in the relevant art will recognize, however, that the embodiments described herein can be practiced without one or more of the specific details, or with other methods, components, materials, etc. In other instances, well-known structures, materials, or operations are not shown or described in detail to avoid obscuring certain aspects.
According to an aspect of the subject disclosure, described herein are systems, apparatuses and methods that can facilitate detection of an object within the proximity of an electronic device and differentiate between a human body and a non-human object. The detection and differentiation are facilitated by a first capacitive sensor of a first shape and a second capacitive sensor of a second shape. The detection and determination can be made based on a comparison between a first capacitance from the first sensor and a second capacitance from the second sensor. Upon detection of a human body, RF EMF emissions of the electronic device can be reduced.
A schematic illustration of an example body detection system 100, according to an embodiment of the subject disclosure, is shown in
The body detection system 100 includes a first sensor (sensor 1) 108 and a second sensor (sensor 2) 110. It will be understood that the system 100 can include any number of sensors greater than or equal to 2. Two sensors 108, 110 are shown merely for simplicity of illustration and description.
The sensors 108, 110 are located near to each other, as shown, for example, in
In an embodiment, the first sensor 108 and the second sensor 110 are capacitive sensors. The first sensor 108 detects a first capacitance 104 related to an object 102 and the second sensor 110 detects a second capacitance 106 related to the object 102 when the object 102 is in proximity of the sensors 108, 110. The object 102 can be either a human body or an inanimate object.
In an embodiment, the first sensor 108 has a first area and the second sensor 110 has a second area the same as or different from the first area. In another embodiment, the first sensor 108 has a first perimeter and the second sensor 110 has a second perimeter different from the first perimeter. In a further embodiment, the first sensor 108 has a first circumference and the second sensor 110 has a second circumference different from the first circumference. In a further embodiment, the first sensor 108 has a first configuration and the second sensor 110 has a second configuration different from the first configuration, but the sensors 108, 110 have the same area.
As shown in
The first sensor 108 and the second sensor 110 can send signals 112, 114 to an electronic component 116 in response to detection of capacitances 104, 106 caused by object 102. The electronic component 116, according to an embodiment, can include a memory and a processor to facilitate processing the first capacitance (or capacitive signal 112 from first sensor 108) and the second capacitance (or capacitive signal 114 from second sensor 110) to facilitate discrimination of whether the object 102 in proximity of the sensors 108, 110 is a human body or a non-human object based on the first capacitance and the second capacitance.
In an embodiment, the electronic component 116 uses values of the first capacitance and the second capacitance to facilitate the discrimination. In another embodiment, the electronic component 116 uses a difference between the first capacitance and the second capacitance to facilitate the discrimination. In a further embodiment, the electronic component 116 uses a ratio of the first capacitance and the second capacitance to facilitate the discrimination.
The electronic component 116, in another embodiment, can employ a proximity detection algorithm (stored in the memory and executed by the processor) that utilizes the first capacitance, the second capacitance, the difference between the first capacitance and the second capacitance, and the ratio between the first capacitance and the second capacitance to sense proximity of the object 102 and/or to facilitate determination of whether the object 102 is a human body or an inanimate object.
According to the proximity detection algorithm, the total equivalent capacitance between an approaching object 102 and the two sensors 108, 110 is the sum of parallel plate (area) and fringe (perimeter or circumference) capacitances. When an object 102 approaches the sensors 108, 110, the EMF lines between the object and each sensor (the total capacitances 104, 106) will vary differently over time. The capacitance profiles over time also depend on the size and dielectric nature of the material of the object 102 approaching. It is, therefore, possible to discriminate between objects with different properties, such as a human body and an inanimate object, such as: a table, a seat, a bag, or the like.
The proximity detection algorithm processes signals 112 and 114 that contain capacitance information profiles over time using the absolute values (C1 and C2) as well as their difference (C2−C1) and ratio (C2/C1), which vary differently depending of the type of object 102 that the sensors 108, 112 are facing. This allows for detection of body proximity (or discrimination of the object 102 between a human body and an inanimate object).
As shown in
The electronic component 116 can also include a shield, such as an active bias driver, that tracks the voltage on the sensors 108, 110. The active shield technique increases immunity to noise and parasitic capacitances and can increase the accuracy of the system 600 in detecting body proximity. It may also provide sensing directionality.
Referring now to
Generally, in electronic devices, RF EMF emissions (EMF radiation power control in electronic RF devices), if varied, is adapted for optimal wireless communication, but not for the presence of human bodies (or other live beings) near its source. System 700 provides a way to detect proximity of a person to an EMF radiation source, which can provide safer usage conditions for the electronic device by reducing RF EMF emissions (EMF power) in the presence of a human body, while providing optimal RF transmissions (e.g., wireless transmissions).
System 700, in an embodiment, is a low-cost and miniaturized electronic body detection system that can discriminate between a human body and an inanimate object. If a human body is detected in proximity, system 700 can facilitate reduction in RF EMF emissions. System 700 can provide significant advantages for manufacturers of electronic devices with RF EMF radiation sources to meet stringent criteria for emission regulations and specific absorption rate (SAR) standards.
System 700 utilizes sensors 108, 110 of different sizes and electronic component 116 to facilitate the detection of a human body in proximity (detecting that an object 102 is a human body rather than an inanimate object). In an embodiment, the electronic component 116 can employ a proximity detection algorithm that can process signals 604 and 606 from ADC 602 that contain capacitance values C1 and C2. The proximity detection algorithm can also utilize the difference (C2−C1) and a ratio (C2/C1), which vary differently depending of the type of object 102 that the sensors 108, 112 are facing to facilitate discrimination of the object 102 between a human body and an inanimate object.
When a human body is detected in proximity to the electronic device, the sensors 108, 110, and/or the radiation source, the electronic component 116 can send a signal 702 (e.g., a feedback signal) to an emission control device 704 of the electronic device. In response to the signal 702, the emission control device 704 can limit RF EMF emissions 706 (in other words limit RF output power). Therefore, RF EMF radiation exposure is limited for the detected human body in proximity to the electronic device. In other words, when a human body is discriminated as in proximity to the electronic device, the electromagnetic radiation power or the exposure time from a radiation source can be limited.
Referring now to
The first sensor and the second sensor have different shapes (e.g., one or more of different areas, different perimeters, or different circumferences) or configurations. The first sensor and the second sensor can be located near to each other (
The first capacitance and the second capacitance are caused by an object in proximity to the first sensor and the second sensor. At element 804, a type of object in proximity of the first sensor and the second sensor can be determined (e.g., by electronic component 116) based on the first capacitance and the second capacitance. Additionally, the determination can also utilize a difference between the first capacitance and the second capacitance and/or a ratio between the first capacitance and the second capacitance.
The determination can be accomplished according to a proximity detection algorithm (stored in the memory and executed by the processor) that utilizes the first capacitance, the second capacitance, the difference between the first capacitance and the second capacitance, and the ratio between the first capacitance and the second capacitance to sense proximity of the object and/or to facilitate determination of whether the object is a human body or an inanimate object.
According to the proximity detection algorithm, the total equivalent capacitance between an approaching object and the two sensors is the sum of parallel plate (area) and fringe (perimeter or circumference) capacitances. When an object approaches the sensors, the EMF lines between the object and each sensor will vary differently over time. The capacitance profiles over time also depend on the size and dielectric nature of the material of the object approaching. It is, therefore, possible to discriminate between objects with different properties, such as a human body and an inanimate object.
The proximity detection algorithm processes signals that contain capacitance information profiles over time using the absolute values (C1 and C2) as well as their difference (C2−C1) and ratio (C2/C1), which vary differently depending of the type of object that the sensors are facing. This allows for discrimination of the object between a human body and an inanimate object.
Referring now to
At element 902, the analog capacitance signals from the two sensors of different sizes are converted to digital signals. In an embodiment, the conversion can be accomplished by an analog-to-digital converter. In another embodiment, the conversion can be accomplished by a time-multiplexed capacitance-to-digital converter, which can measure capacitance values (C1 and C2).
At element 904, the digital signals can be processed (e.g., by a digital signal processor) to determine the type of object (human body or inanimate object) that caused the capacitances. The digital signals can be processed according to a proximity detection algorithm (stored in the memory and executed by the processor) that utilizes the first capacitance (C1), the second capacitance (C2), the difference between the first capacitance and the second capacitance (C2−C1), and the ratio between the first capacitance and the second capacitance (C2/C1) to sense proximity of the object and/or to facilitate determination of whether the object is a human body or an inanimate object.
According to the proximity detection algorithm, the total equivalent capacitance between an approaching object and the two sensors is the sum of parallel plate (area) and fringe (perimeter or circumference) capacitances. When an object approaches the sensors, the EMF lines between the object and each sensor will vary differently over time. The capacitance profiles over time also depend on the size and dielectric nature of the material of the object approaching. It is, therefore, possible to discriminate between objects with different properties, such as a human body and an inanimate object, such as: a table, a seat, a bag, or the like.
The proximity detection algorithm processes signals that contain capacitance information profiles over time using the absolute values (C1 and C2) as well as their difference (C2−C1) and ratio (C2/C1), which vary differently depending of the type of object that the sensors are facing. This allows for discrimination of the object between a human body and an inanimate object.
Referring now to
At element 1004, radiation emissions are reduced when a human body is sensed in proximity to the sensors and/or the radiation emitter. When a human body is detected in proximity, a signal (e.g., a feedback signal) is sent to an emission control device of an electronic device. In response to the signal, the emission control device can limit RF EMF emissions (in other words limit RF output power). Therefore, RF EMF radiation exposure is limited for the detected human body in proximity to the electronic device. In other words, when a human body is discriminated as in proximity to the electronic device, the electromagnetic radiation power or the exposure time from a radiation source can be limited.
Method 1000 can provide significant advantages for manufacturers of electronic devices with RF EMF radiation sources to meet stringent criteria for emission regulations and specific absorption rate (SAR) standards by reducing radiation when a human body is in proximity to the electronic device.
The above description of illustrated embodiments, including what is described in the Abstract, is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the disclosed embodiments to the precise forms disclosed. While specific embodiments and examples are described herein for illustrative purposes, various modifications are possible that are considered within the scope of such embodiments and examples, as those skilled in the relevant art can recognize.
As used herein, the word “example” is used herein to mean serving as an example, instance, or illustration. For the avoidance of doubt, the subject matter described herein is not limited by such examples. In addition, any aspect or design described herein as an “example” is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other aspects or designs, nor is it meant to preclude equivalent structures and techniques known to those of ordinary skill in the art. Furthermore, to the extent that the terms “includes,” “has,” “contains,” and other similar words are used in either the detailed description or the claims, such terms are intended to be inclusive—in a manner similar to the term “comprising” as an open transition word—without precluding any additional or other elements.
In this regard, while the described subject matter has been described in connection with various embodiments and corresponding Figures, where applicable, it is to be understood that other similar embodiments can be used or modifications and additions can be made to the described embodiments for performing the same, similar, alternative, or substitute function of the disclosed subject matter without deviating therefrom. Therefore, the disclosed subject matter should not be limited to any single embodiment described herein, but rather should be construed in breadth and scope in accordance with the appended claims.
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