CAPACITIVE SENSOR FOR DETECTING A FLUID LEVEL WITHIN A MOVABLE FLUID TANK OF A DOMESTIC APPLIANCE

Abstract

A capacitive sensor assembly for detecting a fluid level within a removable tank of a domestic appliance along an axis, mountable within the domestic appliance, including at least one fluid level electrode including a resiliently deformable contact member adapted to contactingly engage with the removable tank received in the domestic appliance and convey at least one electrical field generated by the capacitive sensor into the removable tank.

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Field of the Invention

The invention relates to a capacitive sensor for detecting a fluid level within a movable fluid tank of a domestic appliance, for example a detergent tank of a washing machine.

Description of the Prior Art

As household appliances continue to become more sophisticated, the need for modern components increases. Dishwashers, washing machines, ovens, refrigerators, and more are all providing more and more functions to users, many of which are automated. One consequence of this trend is the need of household appliance manufacturers for sophisticated sensing elements within their products to facilitate these automated functions. In the case of water-based devices like dishwashers, embedded liquid level sensors are especially important.

Fluid level sensors are typically designed to detect, measure and regulate levels of a particular free-flowing substance within a contained area, level sensors are predominantly a tool used to monitor liquid levels. They can also be used to monitor solids such as powders. Liquid or fluid level sensors have advanced significantly over the years, and today, a variety of technologies can be used for the process of level measurement, including, for example, float sensors, hydrostatic sensor, radar sensors, ultrasonic sensors radiometric sensors and capacitive sensors.

Capacitive sensors are particularly suitable for heavy duty applications as they are easy to install and highly reliable in a contact or non-contact setup. When used in a non-contact setup, the sensor is simply attached to a (non-conductive) vessel or tank while establishing an electric field that penetrates into the vessel or tank. When there is no fluid in the in the vicinity of the sensor, the sensor will measure a predetermined capacitance (e.g. to a ground). When the fluid level rises into the filed of the sensor, the static capacitance of the sensor is disturbed or changed indicating the presence of a fluid or liquid.

Such sensors usually require a precise setup and arrangement with the fluid tank in order to provide accurate measurement or detection of precise fluid levels during use. Also, for household appliances, it is often the case that fluid tanks or vessels are removed or at least retracted to allow access for filling the tank or vessel (e.g. with detergent or conditioner). These tanks of vessels are repeatedly opened and closed over a long period of time, thus, they optimally include a hard-wearing and simplistic design that is very easy to use during the lifespan of the appliance. However, available sensors typically require a relatively precise placement or positioning in order to allow for reproducible and reliable measurements. This, in turn, requires mechanisms for the moveable tank or vessel that provide movement with low tolerances, thus increasing complexity and costs.

Therefore, it would be desirable to provide an improved fluid level sensor that is adapted to prevent or at least mitigate the problems associated with the prior art. In particular, it is an object of the present invention to provide a capacitive fluid level sensor for household appliances adapted to determine the fluid level of a removable fluid tank, that is hardwearing and reliable, and has an improved ease of use.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a capacitive sensor assembly for detecting a fluid level within a removable tank of a domestic appliance along an axis, mountable within the domestic appliance, comprising at least one fluid level electrode comprising a resiliently deformable contact member adapted to contactingly engage with the removable tank received in the domestic appliance and convey at least one electrical field generated by the capacitive sensor into the removable tank.

This provides the advantage that any possible gaps between the sensor electrodes and the removable tank (once inserted) are avoided, or at least minimised, thus providing an assembly with improved ease of use and wear and tear resistance, as well as, an improved accuracy due to the optimised contact between the inserted tank and the sensor assembly.

Advantageously, the resiliently deformable contact member is made from a material having a relative permittivity adapted to convey the at least one electrical field generated by the capacitive sensor assembly into the removable tank.

Advantageously, the resiliently deformable contact member is made from an electrically conductive material adapted to convey the at least one electrical field generated by the capacitive sensor assembly into the removable tank.

Advantageously, the removable tank is slidable in an insertion direction through an opening in the domestic appliance, and wherein the capacitive sensor assembly is mountable opposite to the opening such that the at least one resiliently deformable contact member is directed oppositely to the insertion direction so as to contactingly engage with a wall of the removable tank when inserted.

Advantageously, the resiliently deformable contact member matches the footprint of the at least one fluid level electrode.

Advantageously, the capacitive sensor assembly comprises a single fluid level electrode and wherein the single fluid level electrode extends substantially the height of the fluid tank. This provides the advantage of using one electrode in a continuous fluid level measuring mode so as to allow precise fluid level measurements using one electric field of the capacitive sensor.

Alternatively, the capacitive sensor assembly comprises a plurality of fluid level electrodes spaced apart from one another along the axis, each one comprising one of the resiliently deformable contact member. In yet another alternative embodiment, the capacitive sensor assembly comprises a plurality of fluid level electrodes arranged so as to form a first row of spaced apart fluid level electrodes along the axis, and a second row of spaced apart fluid level electrodes along the axis parallel to and axially offset from the first row of the spaced apart fluid level electrodes.

This provides the advantage of discrete fluid level measurements, where the precision of the fluid level measurement (resolution) is determined by the number of fluid level electrodes, as well as the distance between them. Additionally, a combination of continuous measurement and discrete measurement (hybrid) may be applied by measuring the discrete fluid levels when “jumping” from one electrode to the next one, and continuous fluid levels within each one of the fluid electrodes.

Advantageously, the capacitive sensor assembly comprises at least one reference electrode configured for compensating variations in environmental parameters.

Advantageously, the capacitive sensor assembly further comprises a housing having an interior configured to receive a printed circuit board (PCB) comprising at least one contact pad operably coupleable with the at least one fluid level electrode. Preferably, the housing comprises a wall with the at least one resiliently deformable contact member mounted to an outside surface of the wall, and wherein the at least one contact pad is operably coupled to the resiliently deformable contact member through the wall.

Alternatively, the housing comprises a wall having at least one aperture, and wherein the at least one resiliently deformable contact member is operably coupled to the at least one contact pad through the aperture of the wall.

Advantageously, the at least one resiliently deformable contact member comprises any one of: a sponge, for example an electrically conductive sponge, a silicone, for example an electrically conductive silicone, a rubber, for example an electrically conductive rubber, or a thermoplastic elastomer.

Alternatively, the at least one resiliently deformable contact member comprises an electrically conductive spring member. Preferably, the electrically conductive spring member is made from metal.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Example embodiment(s) of the invention are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which:

FIG. 1 illustrates a domestic appliance, in particular a washing machine;

FIG. 2(a) illustrates a fluid tank with attached capacitive sensor assembly with an array of discrete fluid electrodes spaced apart and adapted to provide discrete fluid levels in accordance with the number of fluid electrodes;

FIG. 2(b) illustrates a fluid tank with attached capacitive sensor assembly with an array of discrete fluid electrodes spaced apart an adapted to provide discrete fluid levels as well as continuous fluid levels within each of the fluid level electrodes:

FIG. 2(c) illustrates a fluid tank with attached capacitive sensor assembly with a single fluid electrode covering the full range of the tank height;

FIG. 3(a) shows an illustration of a side view of the appliance and inserting fluid tank as well as the capacitive sensor assembly having a single full-range fluid electrode;

FIG. 3(b) shows an illustration of a side view of the appliance and inserting fluid tank as well as the capacitive sensor assembly having a single full-range fluid electrode;

FIG. 3(c) shows an illustration of a side view of the appliance and inserting fluid tank as well as the capacitive sensor assembly having a single full-range fluid electrode;

FIG. 4(a) shows an illustration of a perspective view of a capacitive sensor assembly with a single full-range fluid electrode;

FIG. 4(b) shows an illustration of a side view of a capacitive sensor assembly with a single full-range fluid electrode;

FIG. 4(c) shows an illustration a perspective view of the PCB including electrode pads;

FIG. 5(a) shows an illustration of a perspective view of a capacitive sensor assembly with a plurality of “hybrid” fluid electrodes;

FIG. 5(b) shows an illustration of a side view of the capacitive sensor assembly with a plurality of “hybrid” fluid electrodes;

FIG. 6(a) shows an illustration of a perspective view of a capacitive sensor assembly with a plurality of discrete fluid electrodes;

FIG. 6(b) shows an illustration of a side view of a capacitive sensor assembly with a plurality of discrete fluid electrodes;

FIG. 6(c) shows an illustration of a perspective view of the PCB including discrete electrode pads;

FIG. 7(a) shows an illustration of a perspective view of PCBs with a “hybrid” fluid electrode pad arrangement;

FIG. 7(b) shows an illustration of a perspective view of PCBs with an alternative fluid electrode pad arrangement with two parallelly arranged and offset arrays of fluid electrode pads;

FIG. 8(a) shows an illustration of a partial cross-sectional side view of the resiliently deformable contact member attached to the outside of the housing over the fluid electrode pad of the PCB; and

FIG. 8(b) shows an illustration of a partial cross-sectional side view of the resiliently deformable contact member attached to the electrode pad of the PCB through an aperture of the housing.

DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

Certain terminology is used in the following description for convenience only and is not limiting. The words right, ‘lower’, ‘upper’, ‘front’, ‘rear’, ‘upward’, ‘down’ and ‘downward’ designate directions in the drawings to which reference is made and are with respect to the described component when assembled and mounted. The words ‘inner’, ‘inwardly’ and ‘outer’, ‘outwardly’ refer to directions toward and away from, respectively, a designated centreline or a geometric centre of an element being described (e.g. central axis), the particular meaning being readily apparent from the context of the description.

Further, as used herein, the terms ‘connected’, ‘attached’, ‘coupled’, ‘mounted’ are intended to include direct connections between two members without any other members interposed therebetween, as well as, indirect connections between members in which one or more other members are interposed therebetween. The terminology includes the words specifically mentioned above, derivatives thereof, and words of similar import.

Further, unless otherwise specified, the use of ordinal adjectives, such as, “first”, “second”, “third” etc. merely indicate that different instances of like objects are being referred to and are not intended to imply that the objects so described must be in a given sequence, either temporally, spatially, in ranking or in any other manner.

Like reference numerals are used to depict like features throughout.

FIG. 1 shows a simplified example of a domestic appliance, such as a washing machine 1. The washing machine 1 has a housing 2, a door 3 for loading and unloading and a fluid tank 4 received in an opening 5 in the housing 2. In this particular example, the fluid tank 4 may hold a liquid 7, such as, for example, a fluid detergent or a fluid softener. The fluid tank 4 is preferably movable relative to the housing 2 such that it can be fully removed from the housing 2 or simply pull out of the opening 5 so as to allow filling in the detergent or washing liquid. The fluid tank 4 may pull out of the housing 2 and be retained in the opening 5 in the manner of a drawer. The fluid tank 4 may be filled by a user. The fluid tank 4 may be latched or otherwise locked in its “closed” position when inserted into the housing 2.

In other examples, the domestic appliance 1 may be a tumble dryer and the fluid tank 4 may hold condensate from the drying process, or any other household appliance that requires a removable fluid tank.

FIGS. 2 (a) to (c) show perspective illustrations of example embodiments of a fluid tank 4 with an attached capacitive sensor assembly 100 of the invention, i.e. (a) a sensor assembly 100 with discrete fluid electrodes 102a, (b) a sensor assembly 100 with “hybrid” fluid electrodes 102b (allowing discrete fluid level detection and continuous fluid level detection within each one of the fluid electrodes 102b, and (c) a single full range fluid electrode 102c for continuous fluid level detection.

FIGS. 3 (a) to (c) show side-view illustrations of the fluid tank 4 being moved through the opening 5 and into the housing 2 of the domestic appliance 1 (see FIG. 1). The fluid tank 4 is movable relative to the housing 2 in an insertion direction 8.

As shown, an embodiment (e.g. the single full range fluid electrode 102c of FIG. 2 (c)) of the fluid level sensor or capacitive sensor assembly 100 is disposed within the housing 2 of the appliance 1, so as to operably face into the opening 5. The capacitive sensor assembly 100 is configured to detect a current level of the fluid 7 within the fluid tank 4.

In particular, the capacitive sensor assembly 100 of FIG. 3 comprises a single electrode 102c including a resiliently deformable contact member or pad 104c operably coupled to the electrode 102c. The resiliently deformable contact member or pad 104c is arranged to contactingly engage an outer wall (rear wall) of the fluid tank 4 (when inserted into the opening 5). When the fluid tank 4 is fully inserted (and latched) into the opening 5, the resiliently deformable contact member or pad 104c is configured to elastically deform so as to prevent (or at least minimise) any air gaps between the resiliently deformable contact member 104c and the outer wall of the fluid tank 4, and thus ensure maximum sensitivity of the fluid electrode(s) 102 when detecting the fluid level of the fluid tank 4.

As illustrated in FIG. 3(a), as the fluid tank 4 is initially inserted into the housing 2 the fluid tank 4 is spaced from the resiliently deformable contact member 104c of the capacitive sensor assembly 100. As shown in FIG. 3(b), once inserted into the housing 2, the fluid tank 4 contacts the fluid electrode 102c (via the resiliently deformable contact member 104c) of the capacitive sensor assembly 100. As shown in FIG. 3(c), contact between the fluid tank 4 and the fluid electrode 102c of the capacitive sensor assembly 100 may deform the resiliently deformable contact member or pad 104c (e.g. once latched or locked into its fully inserted position), and thus reduces or even avoids possible airgaps between the electrode 102c and the fluid tank 4.

In particular, the capacitive sensor assembly 100 measures a capacitance of an electric field generated through the fluid electrode 102 (i.e. any one of the different embodiments 102a, 102b, 102c) (the field is conveyed via its resiliently deformable contact member or pad 104a, 104b, 104c). This electric field is “disturbed” by any object moving into that field, changing the capacitance measured at that particular fluid electrode 102c. Thus, the change of the measured capacitance indicates, for example, a fluid 7 presence at that fluid electrode 102c, allowing the fluid level within the tank 4 to be determined continuously (e.g. when using a full range single fluid electrode 102e) or discretely (e.g. when using relatively narrow spaced apart fluid electrodes 102a, each one indicating a discrete fluid level). Alternatively or additionally, the fluid electrodes 102b may be shaped so as to allow a hybrid measurement, i.e. a discrete fluid level detection when reaching a particular fluid electrode 102b and a continuous fluid level measurement within the range of that particular fluid electrode 102b. Discrete measurements may be made by simply detecting a “disturbance” of the capacitance of a particular fluid electrode 102b, wherein continuous measurements may be made by detecting a change of that capacitance when the fluid rises up or lowers down within the range of the fluid electrode 102b (e.g. calibrating the change to a particular fluid level).

Accordingly, the capacitive sensor assembly 100 can detect a fluid level in the fluid tank 4 without contacting the fluid 7 or having any components within, or attached to, the fluid tank 4.

The resiliently deformable contact member or pad 104 (including any embodiment 104a, 104b, 104c) ensures suitable contact is made with the fluid tank 4 even if the position of the fluid tank 4 varies in the insertion direction 8, for example, due to tolerances or loosening of latches over time. Advantageously, eliminating or reducing air gaps between the capacitive sensor assembly 100 and the fluid tank 4 will improve detection of a changing level of the fluid 7 within the fluid tank 4, because air has an extremely low relative permittivity.

FIGS. 4 (a) to (c) show a more detailed illustration of the single full-range fluid electrode 102c, (a) in a perspective front view, (b) in a side view and (c) a PCB 108 (printed circuit hoard) with a full range fluid electrode pad 102c incorporated for engagement with the resiliently deformable contact member 104c. Also, the PCB 108 includes a reference electrode pad 112 or compensatory electrode, suitable for compensating any variations in the environmental parameters, such as, temperature or humidity etc. Also, each example embodiment of the capacitive sensor assembly 100 comprises a housing 106 within which sensor electronics are housed. In particular, the printed circuit hoard (PCB) 108 is housed within the housing 106. A connector 110 provides an electrical power and communications connection to the sensor electronics.

FIGS. 5 (a) and (b) show a more detailed illustration of a “hybrid” fluid electrodes arrangement, (a) a perspective front view and (b) a side view. Here, four equally dimensioned fluid electrodes 102b are axially spaced from one another along an axis parallel to the height of the fluid tank 4 (once inserted). It is understood that the space between the fluid electrodes can be equidistantly or of varying distance. Each one of the fluid electrodes 102b is adapted to detect a discrete fluid level when the fluid 7 reached into the operable range of a particular fluid electrode 102b but each one of the fluid electrodes 102b is also adapted to measure a continuous fluid level, for example, detected by a change in the capacitance measured for each one of these fluid electrodes 102b.

FIGS. 6 (a) to (c) show a more detailed illustration of a discrete fluid electrodes arrangement, (a) a perspective front view, (b) a side view and (c) a PCB 108 with the fluid electrode pads 102a incorporated for engagement with the resiliently deformable contact member 104a. Here, four equally dimensioned fluid electrodes 102a are axially spaced from one another along an axis parallel to the height of the fluid tank 4 (once inserted). The electrodes 102a can be spaced equidistantly or at varying distances between respective fluid electrodes 102a. Each one of the fluid electrodes 102a is adapted to only detect a discrete fluid level when the fluid 7 reaches a particular fluid electrode 102a, i.e. detecting a disturbance of the capacitance of that particular fluid electrode 102a. The electrode pads 102a on the PCB 108 are matched to fit with the resiliently deformable contact member 104a (footprint) (the same is true for any of the other embodiments, i.e. resiliently deformable contact members 104b, 104c). A reference or compensatory electrode 112 may also be provided for compensating any variations in the environmental parameters, such as, temperature or humidity etc.

FIGS. 7(a) and (h) show another alternative example embodiments of an arrangement of fluid electrode pads 102 as positioned on the PCB 108. In particular, FIG. 7(a) shows the layout of fluid electrode pads 102 for a “hybrid” fluid electrode arrangement, i.e. discrete fluid electrodes 102b that are also used to measure continues fluid level changes within each one of the fluid electrode ranges. A reference or compensatory electrode 112 is provided at the top of the PCB 108. FIG. 7(b) shows a PCB layout of two parallelly arranged but axially offset rows of spaced apart fluid electrode pads 102, 102′. Again, each one of the axially arranged fluid electrode pads 102, 102′ is for a fluid electrode 102 configured to detect a discrete fluid level when a fluid 7 reaches the electric field of a fluid electrode 102, wherein each one of the fluid electrodes 102 may also be used to detect continuous fluid changes within the range of each of the fluid electrodes 102.

Referring now to FIG. 8 (a), a cross-sectional side view is shown of a capacitive sensor assembly 100, where the resiliently deformable contact member 104 is attached to an outside surface of the housing 106 just overlaying the fluid electrode pad 102 of the PCB 108, as well as, in contact with the fluid tank 4. FIG. 8 (b) shows an alternative version of the embodiment of FIG. 8 (a), where the housing 106 comprises apertures 114 just overlaying the fluid electrode pads 102 of the PCB 108, so that the resiliently deformable contact member 104 is in direct contact with the fluid electrode pad 102 and the outside surface of the fluid tank 4.

The resiliently deformable contact member or pad 104 may be an insulator having a relative permittivity that is suitable to convey the electric field of the fluid electrode 102 of the capacitive sensor assembly 100 into the fluid tank 4. For example, the relative permittivity may be in the range of 2 to 20. Example materials may include a polymer, such as silicone or silicone rubber, a sponge material and the like.

On the other hand, the resiliently deformable contact member or pad 104 may be electrically conductive, so as to electrically extend the electrode pad 102 of the PCB 108 to the fluid tank 4. The resiliently deformable contact member or pad 104 may be made from a conductive polymer, such a silicone or silicone rubber compound mixed with conductive material (e.g. metal particles or filaments).

Alternatively, the resiliently deformable contact member or pad 104 may be made from a spring (not shown) made from a conductive metal. In these examples, the spring may be embedded within a polymer, for example rubber or silicone. In other examples, the spring may act between the housing 106 and the fluid electrode pads 102 of the PCB 108. In other examples, the deformable contact pad(s) 104 may comprise a spring in isolation, without any other material.

In other examples, the resiliently deformable contact member or pad(s) 104 may comprise a thermoplastic elastomeric material or may be made from a Graphene material or graphene rubber compound or a rubber or polymer comprising graphene or a graphene material such as graphene oxide, so as to make the compound electrically conductive.

It is understood by the person skilled in the art that any number and any suitable arrangement of fluid electrodes 9 may be provided so as to improve the resolution of fluid level detection, i.e. by providing more discrete levels of penetrating fields form the capacitive sensors. Further sensing electrodes may be provided to improve the resolution of fluid level detection. In both cases, fluid entering the electrical field will change (or disturb) a capacitance measured at a discrete electrode so as to determine a fluid level in the fluid tank 4. The capacitive sensor assembly 100 can be calibrated by measuring the detected capacitance (changes) for different fluid levels.

Throughout the description and claims of this specification, the words “comprise” and “contain” and variations of them mean “including but not limited to”, and they are not intended to (and do not) exclude other moieties, additives, components, integers or steps. Throughout the description and claims of this specification, the singular encompasses the plural unless the context otherwise requires. In particular, where the indefinite article is used, the specification is to be understood as contemplating plurality as well as singularity, unless the context requires otherwise.

Features, integers, characteristics, or groups described in conjunction with a particular aspect, embodiment or example of the invention are to be understood to be applicable to any other aspect, embodiment or example described herein unless incompatible therewith. All of the features disclosed in this specification (including any accompanying claims, abstract and drawings), and/or all of the steps of any method or process so disclosed, may be combined in any combination, except combinations where at least some of such features and/or steps are mutually exclusive. The invention is not restricted to the details of any foregoing embodiments. The invention extends to any novel one, or any novel combination, of the features disclosed in this specification (including any accompanying claims, abstract and drawings), or to any novel one, or any novel combination, of the steps of any method or process so disclosed.

Claims

1. A capacitive sensor assembly (100) for detecting a fluid level within a removable tank (4) of a domestic appliance (1) along an axis (8), mountable within the domestic appliance, comprising: at least one fluid level electrode (102) including a resiliently deformable contact member (104) adapted to contactingly engage with the removable tank (4) received in the domestic appliance and convey at least one electrical field generated by the capacitive sensor assembly (100) into the removable tank (4).

2. The capacitive sensor assembly according to claim 1, wherein the resiliently deformable contact member is made from a material having a relative permittivity adapted to convey the at least one electrical field generated by the capacitive sensor assembly into the removable tank.

3. The capacitive sensor assembly according to claim 1, wherein the resiliently deformable contact member is made from a electrically conductive material adapted to convey the at least one electrical field generated by the capacitive sensor assembly into the removable tank.

4. The capacitive sensor assembly according to claim 1, wherein the removable tank is slidable in an insertion direction through an opening in the domestic appliance, and wherein the capacitive sensor assembly is mountable opposite to the opening such that the at least one resiliently deformable contact member is directed oppositely to the insertion direction so as to contactingly engage with a wall of the removable tank when inserted.

5. The capacitive sensor assembly according to claim 1, wherein the resiliently deformable contact member matches a footprint of the at least one fluid level electrode.

6. The capacitive sensor according to claim 1, comprising a single fluid level electrode, and wherein the single fluid level electrode extends substantially the height of the fluid tank.

7. The capacitive sensor assembly according to claim 1, comprising a plurality of fluid level electrodes spaced apart from one another along the axis, each one comprising one of the resiliently deformable contact member.

8. The capacitive sensor assembly according to claim 1, comprising a plurality of fluid level electrodes arranged so as to form a first row of spaced apart fluid level electrodes along the axis, and a second row of spaced apart fluid level electrodes along the axis parallel to and axially offset from the first row of the spaced apart fluid level electrodes.

9. The capacitive sensor according to claim 1, comprising at least one reference electrode configured for compensating variations in environmental parameters.

10. The capacitive sensor assembly of claim 1, further comprising a housing having an interior configured to receive a printed circuit board (PCB) comprising at least one contact pad operably coupleable with the at least one fluid level electrode.

11. The capacitive sensor assembly according to claim 10, wherein the housing comprises a wall with the at least one resiliently deformable contact member mounted to an outside surface of the wall, and wherein the at least one contact pad is operably coupled to the resiliently deformable contact member through the wall.

12. The capacitive sensor assembly according to claim 10, wherein the housing comprises a wall having at least one aperture, and wherein the at least one resiliently deformable contact member is operably coupled to the at least one contact pad through the aperture of the wall.

13. The capacitive sensor assembly according to claim 1, wherein the at least one resiliently deformable contact member comprises a sponge.

14. The capacitive sensor assembly according to claim 13 wherein the sponge comprises an electrically conductive sponge.

15. The capacitive sensor assembly according to claim 1, wherein the at least one resiliently deformable contact member comprises silicone.

16. The capacitive sensor assembly of claim 15, wherein the silicone comprises an electrically conductive silicone.

17. The capacitive sensor assembly according to claim 1, wherein the at least one resiliently deformable contact member comprises at least one of rubber and a thermoplastic elastomer.

18. The capacitive sensor assembly of claim 17 wherein the rubber comprises an electrically conductive rubber.

19. The capacitive sensor assembly according to claim 1, wherein the at least one resiliently deformable contact member comprises an electrically conductive spring member.

20. The capacitive sensor assembly according to claim 19, wherein the electrically conductive spring member is made from metal.