Patent Grant
12214955
This application is a National Stage Application of PCT/NL2017/050662, filed Oct. 6, 2017, which claims the benefit of and priority to Netherlands Patent Application No. NL 2017587, filed Oct. 7, 2016, the entire contents of both are hereby incorporated herein by reference.
The invention relates to a capsule according to the introductory portion of claim 1. Such a capsule is known from European patent application 0 468 079.
In practice, such capsules are mostly arranged and used for extracting coffee, by pressing an injection fluid such as hot water under pressure through powder obtained by grinding roasted coffee beans. However, the substance, which may be in the form of for instance granules, chips or flakes, may also be constituted by or contain constituents that are to be dissolved and/or entrained, such as sugar or milk powder. Substances to be extracted may also be of other types than coffee, such as tea or herbs.
Widely used in the market are capsules of which the capsule body is of aluminium or plastic and of which the open end is sealed-off by a thin sheet, usually of aluminium. The closed end of the capsule body is typically referred to as the bottom. The coffee machines have a housing in which a major portion of capsule body can be received and a closing member. The housing and/or the closing member is/are movable relative to the other between an operating position in which the flange of the capsule is clamped between the housing and a closing member and a transfer position leaving an opening through which a used capsule can be removed from the housing and a fresh capsule can be positioned in the housing. Piercing elements are provided which in use pierce a bottom portion of the capsule body inside the housing.
When pressurised fluid is fed into the housing, it penetrates the capsule through the holes made by the piercing element, and causes an increase in the internal pressure which causes the cover to be torn, for instance with assistance of piercing members of the closing member. Then, a flow of water is pressed into the substance and brewed beverage exits the capsule and guided to a receptacle of the user outside of the machine. The cover may also be to some extent open prior to injection of the pressurized fluid, for instance if the capsule is packaged in a barrier material for retaining flavours, which barrier material is to be removed prior to use.
Substance may leave the capsule through the pierced openings when the piercing elements are retracted out of the capsule.
The screen may also affect the distribution of the flow of water through the substance and in particular its uniformity over all of the substance and for the entire duration of the beverage making stage. Also, the degree of compression of the substance and formation of foam (“crema”) appears to be affected by the screen.
While properties affecting cleanliness of the coffee machine and organoleptic and visual quality of the beverage are important, manufacturing costs and suitability for recycling of materials used are also important for a packaging product such as capsules, which are manufactured in large numbers.
Over the course of time, many solutions have been proposed for the screen or filter for retaining the substance in the capsule after it has been opened. For instance in European patent application 0 468 079, the screen is welded to a shoulder inside the capsule body, the screen being detached from the bottom of the capsule.
European patent application 1 165 398 discloses a screen that can be pierced or be provided with an opening through which the piercing element can pass and be retracted. Such a pre-cut opening is in the form of a cross-shaped cut-out and closed when the piercing element is retracted for retaining coffee behind the screen.
European patent application 1 190 959 discloses a screen in the form of a fabric sheet that is sealed to the bottom of the cup over two zones, on the one hand a central part and on the other hand along the periphery of the bottom, allowing the piercing elements to enter in a spacing left between the capsule bottom and the screen between the central and peripheral sealed zones.
European patent application 2 516 296 discloses a screen in the form of a filter element of non-woven material produced from fine plastic fibres, the screen being attached via a dust proof sealing along the periphery of the screen.
WO2015/087180 discloses arranging the screen in the form of a filter element between the substance and the capsule bottom without attachment of the screen to the capsule, so that it is free to move away from the bottom except for the resistance applied by the powdered food substance.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a capsule which can be manufactured in a simple manner at low costs and which is further improved with respect to processing of the substance into a beverage of high organoleptic and visual quality.
According to the invention, this object is achieved by providing a capsule according to claim 1.
Because the screen is attached to the capsule body in such a manner that the screen releases from the capsule body during brewing, the screen is allowed to move away from the bottom of the capsule body more completely as the liquid is injected into the capsule. Preferably, the entire screen moves away from the bottom of the capsule body in response to the liquid being injected into the capsule so as to become entirely spaced from the bottom. Thus more room is left between the screen and the capsule body bottom for radial water distribution over the substance. On the other hand, because the screen is attached to the capsule body prior to brewing, the screen is reliably held in place during filling and subsequent handling of the capsule prior to brewing, even if the capsule is shaken, e.g. during transport.
The screen may for instance be made from a filter material provided with a plurality of passages that are large enough to allow at least smaller ones of particles of the substance to pass through. More particularly the filter material may be a non-woven material. It shows that such a screen provides an excellent water distribution over the substance bed (in particular ground coffee bed) so that extraction is improved. Without being bound to theory, it is expected that the improved extraction is obtained by a combination of the porosity of the filter material on the one hand and the passages in the filter material on the other hand.
The passages may for instance have a diameter of 1-4 mm. The diameter of the screen may for instance be 20-40 mm, for example 22-30 mm. The diameter of the bottom of the capsule may for instance be 20-40 mm, for example 22-30 mm. The diameter of the screen may be about the same as (e.g. 95-105% of) the diameter of the bottom at the inside of the capsule. The screen may for instance be provided with 4-30 passages, preferably about 15-25 passages. The screen area including a pattern of the passages may cover 50-100% of the bottom, the remainder of the screen area being free of a pattern of the passages. In a practical embodiment the screen is provided with 15-18 passages each having a diameter of 1.5-2.5 mm, preferably 1.6-2.2 mm, more preferably of 1.6-1.8 mm.
The screen material may for instance have a weight of 20-200 g/cm2, preferably 40-100 g/cm2. The screen material may for instance have a thickness of 0.1-1 mm, preferably 0.2-0.5 mm. The screen material (without the passages) may for instance have an air permeability between 500 and 3000 l/(m2s) at a pressure drop of 100 Pa over the screen material, preferably between 1000 and 1500 l/(m2s) at a pressure drop of 100 Pa over the screen material.
Particular elaborations and embodiments of the invention are set forth in the dependent claims. The invention may also be embodied in a system as set forth herein.
Further features, effects and details of the invention appear from the detailed description and the drawings.
In
The capsule body 2 and the cover 7 bound a capsule chamber 8. The capsule chamber 8 contains a substance 9 constituted by a mass of loose, solid particles, for the preparation of a potable beverage by extracting and/or dissolving the substance by means of supplying an injection fluid under pressure into the capsule.
In this example and in embodiments of the invention in general, the substance can for instance be ground, roasted coffee beans, but may also be another substance from which constituents are to be extracted and/or which is to be dissolved and/or emulsified when pressurised injection liquid such as hot water is passed through, for instance tea, milk powder and/or sugar, or dried soup. The substance may for instance be 5-40 grams, preferably 5-30 grams, more preferably 5-14 grams of roasted and ground coffee.
For compatibility with widely used coffee machines, it is generally preferred that the capsule is in accordance with one or more of the following features, wherein dimensions are to be selected within these ranges depending on the type of coffee making machine in which the capsule is to be used:
The wall thickness of the cover (preferably made of aluminium) is preferably smaller than the wall thickness of the capsule body, which may for instance be of aluminium or plastic material, such that the cover can be caused to open with assistance of a pressure applied to the capsule chamber, for instance by causing the aluminium cover to tear open on a closing member of the beverage preparation device, such as an extraction plate of the beverage preparation device, under the influence of fluid pressure in the capsule.
In the capsule chamber 8, a screen 10, of a material permeable to water and impermeable to a predominant portion of the particles of the substance 9 is arranged. The screen 10 is positioned between the substance 9 and the bottom 3 of the capsule and has a centre approximately coaxial with a centre line 11 of the capsule 1. In the condition shown in
In some embodiments, it may sometimes, mostly or always occur that the screen is not fully released from the bottom of the capsule body. Depending on the pattern of non-released attachment areas, this may cause the position of the screen in the capsule body to become skewed. However, probably due to the permeability of the screen, this has not been found to noticeably affect the quality of the brewed beverage.
The attachments in zones 12 keep the screen 10 in position in the capsule 1 immediately after it has been fixed to the bottom, during filling of the capsule and during storage and handling prior to brewing, yet interfere very little with liquid flow through the screen 10, since the screen 10 is released from the bottom 3 of the capsule body 2 during brewing, so that a relatively large portion of the screen 10 up to its peripheral edge is available for liquid to pass through and the screen 10 is moved to a position spaced from the bottom 3 of the capsule body 2 relatively far and over substantially its entire surface area, so as to leave more room for the liquid entering the capsule via piercings 16 made in the bottom 3 by piercing elements 13 to be easily distributed radially over the surface area of the screen 10 and the substance 9 downstream of the screen 10.
In the present example, the screen 10 is attached such that the attachments 12 tear apart during brewing. Thus, it is ensured that the screen 10 is released quickly as a pressure drop over the screen 10 builds up during brewing.
The screen 10 is attached to the bottom 3 in attachment zones 12 which are elongated in a racial direction and have most inward ends radially spaced from a central axis 11 of the capsule 1. When brewing starts, the screen 10 will bulge out in a central area, so that peeling forces exerted on the attachment zones 12 will be concentrated at the inward ends thereof. Since these attachment zones 12 are elongated in radial direction, these zones 12 are relatively small in circumferential sense. Therefore, the force pulling the screen 10 off the bottom 3 is concentrated in very small ranges in circumferential sense, so that a large peeling tension is exerted at the inward ends of the attachment zones and relatively little force is required to initiate peeling the screen 10 off the bottom 3. Once peeling has been initiated, the current inner ends of the remaining attachment zones 12 move racially outward until the outer ends of the attachment zones 12 are reached. Then, the screen 10 is completely detached from the bottom 3.
For facilitating peeling along the length of the attachment zones 12, the attachment zones 12 preferably have a width of less than 2 mm and more preferably of less than 1 or 0.6 mm. For reliability of attachment and ease of manufacturing a largest attachment zone width of at least 0.3 or 0.4 mm is preferred.
The screen 10 is provided with a plurality of passages 23 dimensioned so that at least a fraction of the substance 9 can pass through the passages 23 in solid form. The fraction of the substance 9 that can pass through the passages may for instance be the smallest 10%, 30% or 50% of the substance 9. It may also be provided that all particles of the substance are in principle capable of passing through the passages or that some of the passages allow a larger fraction of the substance to pass through than other ones of the passages. Also, even though particles are in principle capable of passing through the passages, in practice most of the substance, and also most of the fraction that can pass through the passages, will in fact not pass through the passages. This is because, after brewing, most of the substance is not exposed to backflow of sufficient magnitude to entrain these particles through the passages and because particles tend to cling to each other after having been wetted. However, it has been found that an appreciable amount of particles does pass through the passages and even to the outside of the capsule, so that after brewing a sample of the substance from which the beverage is brewed is visible and can easily be smelled by the consumer.
Moreover, these passages 23 allow water distribution over the substance 9, through which the water is pressed with a smaller pressure drop over the screen, because the relatively large passages provide distributed local areas where flow resistance is particularly low. This allows water to be distributed over flow paths including flow paths of a relatively great length, where pressure drop per unit of flow distance would otherwise be relatively low. Also any tendency of water to pass along flow paths circumventing the screen 10 or to pass to a relatively large extent through a hole pierced in the screen is reduced, because the pressure drop over the screen 10 is lowered. Reducing the pressure drop over the screen 10 further provides the advantage that more of the overall pressure drop is left as a net pressure drop over the substance 9, so that extraction can be more intensive.
To allow the screen 10 to be displaced by the piercing elements 13 easily, without being pierced thereby, the screen 10 is preferably made of flexible material, such as paper, plastic film, or fibre material in the form of a woven, non-woven or knitted structure. Good brewing results at low costs can be achieved if the screen 10 is of filter paper. If the filter paper contains thermoplastic constituents such as fibres and/or binder material, these can be used for sealing to the capsule body in the attachment zones, as will be described in more detail.
For allowing the screen 10 to be displaced by the piercing elements 13 easily, it is also advantageous if all the attachment zones are distributed along a periphery of the screen element only.
In
In operation, the capsule 1 is positioned in the housing 14 and clamped between the housing 14 and the closing member 15 with perforations 17 for allowing brewed beverage outputted through the cover 7 to flow away from the capsule 1. A bottom portion 3 of the capsule body 2 inside the housing 14 is pierced and pressurised injection fluid, such as hot water, is fed into the housing 14, causing the injection fluid to penetrate the capsule 1 through at least one hole 16 pierced in the bottom 3. The hole may also have been provided in the bottom prior to placing the capsule in the housing, e.g. during manufacturing.
Then, the cover 7 is caused to be torn, preferably under the influence of fluid pressure in the capsule 1 and a flow of the injection fluid is passed at least partially through the screen 10, into and through the substance and through the cover so that a brewed beverage exits the capsule; and the brewed beverage is guided to a receptacle.
Since the passages 23 are dimensioned to allow particles of the substance 9 to pass through in solid form, an appreciable amount of the particles will pass to the outside of the capsule body 2 as and/or after the piercing elements 13 have been retracted and pressure is no longer applied to the capsule 2. Thus, the user can see and better smell some of the substance from which the beverage has been brewed, which enhances the similarity to and association with brewing coffee in a manually filled brewing apparatus such as a conventional espresso machine that has to be filled with ground coffee manually.
For radial distribution of water, it is preferred that at least some of the passages 23 are located peripherally of the location or locations of the piercings 16 or of openings pre-fabricated in the bottom.
In
In this capsule 51, the attachment zones 62 are also elongated, but extend circumferentially from inward ends and are curved to extend more radially towards the outer ends. This allows relatively long attachment zones 62 for reliable attachment while peeling in radial direction becomes easier towards the radially outer ends of the attachment zones 62, when peeling forces tend to become smaller.
In this example, the passages 73 through the screen 60 that are large enough to allow particles of the substance 59 to pass through in solid form are arranged in a single circle instead of in two concentric circles as the example shown in
In
In particular in such an attachment zone design, but also in attachment zones of other designs, reliable release of the screen 110 can be facilitated by providing that the attachment is formed by a food grade heat sensitive adhesive including a constituent having a glass transition temperature lower than 92° C. and preferably lower than 85° C. The heat of the brewing liquid as used for brewing for instance coffee or tea causes the adhesive to become easily deformable, so that the attachment is released more easily.
Reliable release of the screen can also be enhanced by providing that the attachment is formed by a food grade adhesive that is water soluble or includes a water soluble constituent. Usually, the brewing liquid is water. Contact with the warm brewing liquid will cause the water soluble constituent of the adhesive to dissolve quickly, so that the screen will be released along the attachment zone 112.
In
The passages 173, 174, 175 are arranged in three annular zones concentric around the centre 176 of the screen 160. The passages 173, 174 in the inner rings are formed by openings in the material of the screen 160, which openings are circumferentially bounded by material of the screen 160. The passages 175 in the outer annular zone are formed by bays in the outer circumferential edge of the screen 160. The bays form areas of reduced flow resistance where water can pass between the perimeter of the screen 160 and the side wall of the capsule body.
In
In this example, the pattern is a uniform pattern of columns and rows at uniform mutual distances. However, also other patterns, such as patterns in which successive rows are mutually staggered in longitudinal direction, e.g. by half of the pitch between successive columns, or a pattern in which the passages are centred on corners of imaginary hexagonal cells.
In this example, the attachment zones 212 (not all designated by a reference number) are arranged in a pattern that is different than the uniform pattern of the passages 223. The location of the attachment zones 212 is determined by a tool for sealing the screen to the capsule body bottom and accordingly, to the extent that the screen 210 is centred inside the capsule body, centred in relation to the centre 226 and the outer circumference of the screen 210, but not determined in rotational sense about approximately the centre 226 of the screen 210. In contrast, the location of the uniform pattern on the screen 210 is (almost) completely random, because the screen is cut out of a web of screen material that has previously been provided with passages 223, without particular attention to the location of the pattern of the passages 223 relative to the centre 226 and outer edge of the screen. The attachment zones 212 are arranged in such a configuration that, regardless the placement of the uniform pattern of the passages 223 relative to the attachment zones, the attachment zones of a triangle of attachment zones 212 that are closest together (e.g. triangle of attachment zones A) can not simultaneously all fit completely (and preferably also not partially) within passages of any triangle of the passages 223 (e.g. passages 223 of the triangle of passages B or C or D). Thus, at worst, two neighbouring attachment zones 212 can fall within passages 223 and not contribute to attaching the screen 210 to the bottom of the capsule body. However, in that situation, other ones of the attachment zones 212 provide sufficient fixation of the screen 210 in the capsule body.
In the present example, the number of attachment zones is five, so that if two adjacent attachment zones 212 completely overlap with passages 223, the attachment zones adjacent to these two attachment zones will at least partially contribute to fixing the screen 210 and are located far enough apart to provide the required fixation of the screen 210 relative to the capsule body. The number of attachment zones may also be larger than five, but for a quick release during brewing and quick attachment by for instance heat sealing, it is preferred that the number of attachment zones is not larger than ten and more preferably smaller than eight.
For effectively distributing water to radially outer portions of the capsule and of the substance 59, it is advantageous if at least some of the passages 73 are arranged at a distance from the centre of more than 40% and more preferably more than 50% or more than 60% of the distance of a peripheral edge from the centre, measured in a direction from the centre to the respective passage. Racially outward water distribution is even further enhanced if this applies to all of the passages.
Racially outward water distribution (which may also be achieved effectively using a screen with a uniform pattern of openings) is particularly relevant if, as for instance in the examples shown in
Racially outward water distribution is even more relevant if a shoulder is provided in a side wall of said capsule body, the internal cross-sectional area being larger at a cover side of the shoulder than at a bottom side of the shoulder.
Particularly effective reductions of local flow resistance are achieved if at least some or all of the passages each have a cross-sectional surface area of at least 3 mm2, for instance 3-7 mm2, more preferably 4-5.5 mm2 and/or a cross-sectional size of at least 1-4 mm. The cross-sectional size of the screen may for instance be 20-40 mm, for example 22-30 mm. The diameter of the bottom of the capsule may for instance be 20-40 mm, for example 22-30 mm. The diameter of the screen may be about the same as the diameter of the bottom at the inside of the capsule. The screen may for instance be provided with 4-30 passages, preferably about 15-25 passages. The screen area in which the passages are located may cover 50-100% of the bottom. In a practical embodiment the screen is provided with 15-18 passages each having a diameter of 1.5-2.5 mm, preferably 1.6-2.2 mm, more preferably of 1.6-1.8 mm.
The screen material may for instance have a specific weight of 20-200 g/cm2, preferably 40-100 g/cm2. The screen material may for instance have a thickness of 0.1-1 mm, preferably 0.2-0.5 mm. The screen material (without the passages) may for instance have an air permeability of 500-3000 l/(m2s) at a pressure drop of 100 Pa over the screen material, preferably between 1000 and 1500 l/(m2s) at a pressure drop of 100 Pa over the screen material.
The screen has a surface area that can be regarded as being composed of an inner surface area and an outer surface area surrounding the inner surface area, the inner surface area forming at least 25% of a total surface area of the screen and an inner portion of the passages in the inner surface area provide an open surface area of a first proportion of the inner surface area, while an outer portion of the passages in the outer surface area provide an open surface area of a second proportion of the outer surface area. It is then advantageous for outward water distribution if the second proportion is larger than the first proportion. The inner surface area may form at least 40%, 50% or 60% of the total surface area of the screen and the inner surface area may also be free of passages, at least prior to brewing. The inner surface area may have a circular boundary, a centre of the screen forming the centre of the inner surface area.
The screen is preferably of water permeable material (e.g. one or more layers of fibrous material, such as filter paper, felt material or woven material), so that not all of the water flow is concentrated through the passages. However, if the number of passages is sufficiently large and the passages are sufficiently evenly distributed, the screen may also be of water impermeable material.
Several features have been described as part of the same or separate embodiments. However, it will be appreciated that the scope of the invention also includes embodiments having combinations of all or some of these features other than the specific combinations of features embodied in the examples.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2017587 | Oct 2016 | NL | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/NL2017/050662 | 10/6/2017 | WO |
| Publishing Document | Publishing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| WO2018/067012 | 4/12/2018 | WO | A |
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| Number | Date | Country | |
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| 20200047985 A1 | Feb 2020 | US |
