Patent Grant
6878746
The present invention relates to new carbamate and thiocarbamate podophyllotoxin compounds, to a process for their preparation and to pharmaceutical compositions containing them.
The compounds of the invention are derivatives of podophyllotoxin, a natural lignan known for its use in the treatment of cancer. Other synthetic derivatives, such as etoposide and teniposide, are currently used as chemotherapeutic agents in the treatment especially of small-cell lung cancer. Those various compounds act by inhibiting the catalytic activity of topoisomerase II.
Various modifications have been made to those compounds, such as the modifications described in the Patent Applications JP 948 782, WO 97/13776 and U.S. Pat. No. 3,634,459. Nevertheless, anti-cancer therapeutic requirements call for the constant development of new anti-tumour and cytotoxic agents with the aim of obtaining medicaments that are simultaneously more active, more soluble and better tolerated.
In addition to the fact that the compounds of the present invention are new, they have a surprising in vitro and in vivo activity that is superior to that observed hitherto. The compounds discovered by the Applicant accordingly have properties that render them particularly useful in the treatment of cancers.
More especially, the present invention relates to the compounds of formula (I):
wherein:
Isomers are to be understood as meaning the enantiomers and the diastereoisomers.
Among the pharmaceutically acceptable acids there may be mentioned, without implying any limitation, hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, sulphuric acid, phosphoric acid, acetic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, lactic acid, pyruvic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, fumaric acid, tartaric acid, maleic acid, citric acid, ascorbic acid, oxalic acid, methanesulphonic acid, camphoric acid, etc.
Among the pharmaceutically acceptable bases there may be mentioned, without implying any limitation, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, triethylamine, tert-butylamine, etc.
The substituent R1 preferred according to the invention is the hydrogen atom.
The substituent R2 preferred according to the invention is the oxygen atom.
Very advantageously, preferred compounds of the invention are the compounds of formula (I) wherein X represents a linear (C2-C4)alkylene group.
Substituents R3 preferred according to the invention are the hydrogen atom and the linear or branched (C1-C6)alkyl group.
According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, preferred compounds of the invention are the compounds of formula (I) wherein R4 represents a group selected from:
Especially advantageously, preferred compounds of the invention are the compounds of formula (I) wherein R4 represents a group —N(R3)—X1—OR5 or —O—X1—OR5 wherein R3 represents a hydrogen atom, X1 represents a linear (C2-C4)alkylene chain and R5 represents a hydrogen atom.
Preferred compounds of the invention are:
The isomers and the addition salts with a pharmaceutically acceptable acid or base of the preferred compounds form an integral part of the invention.
The present invention extends also to a process for the preparation of the compounds of formula (1), which process is characterised in that there is used as starting material a compound of formula (II):
which is subjected under basic conditions:
The compounds of formulae (II), (V), (VI) and (VIII) are either commercially available compounds, or are obtained according to conventional methods of organic synthesis.
The compounds of formula (I) exhibit especially valuable anti-tumour properties. They have an excellent cytotoxicity in vitro on cell lines from murine and human tumours and are active in vivo. The characteristic properties of these compounds enables them to be used therapeutically as anti-tumour agents.
The present invention relates also to pharmaceutical compositions comprising as active ingredient at least one compound of formula (I), its optical isomers or one of its addition salt with a pharmaceutically acceptable acid or base, alone or in combination with one or more pharmaceutically acceptable, inert, non-toxic excipients or carriers.
Among the compositions according to the invention there may be mentioned more especially those which are suitable for oral, parenteral (intravenous, intramuscular or subcutaneous) per- or trans-cutaneous, nasal, rectal, perlingual, ocular or respiratory administration, and especially tablets or dragees, sublingual tablets, soft gelatin capsules, hard gelatin capsules, suppositories, creams, ointments, dermal gels, injectable or drinkable preparations, aerosols, eye or nose drops, etc.
The useful dosage varies in accordance with the the age and weight of the patient, the administration route, the nature and the severity of the disorder and the administration of possible associated treatments and ranges from 0.5 mg to 500 mg per day in one or more administrations.
The following Examples illustrate the invention but do not limit it in any way. The starting materials employed are either known products or are products prepared according to known procedures.
Preparation 1:(5S,5aS,8aS,9R)-9-(4-{[(Benzyloxy)carbonyl]oxy}-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-8-oxo5,5a,6,8,8a,9-hexahydro-furo[3′,4′:6,7]naphtho[2,3-d][1,3]dioxol-5-yl 4-nitrophenyl carbonate
Step 1: 4-[(5R,5aS,8aS,9S)-9-Hydroxy-6-oxo-5,5a,6,8,8a,9-hexahydro-furo [3′,4′:6, 7]naphtho[2,3-d][1,3]dioxol-5-yl]-2,6-dimethoxyphenyl benzyl carbonate
0.55 mmol of triethylamine and 0.37 mmol of benzyl chloroformate are added in succession to a solution of 0.25 mmol of (5R,5aS,8aS,9S)-9-hydroxy-5-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-5,8,8a,9-tetrahydrofuro[3′,4′:6,7]naphtho[2,3-d][1,3]dioxol-6(5aH)-one in 10 ml of anhydrous dichloromethane at 0° C. and under argon. After stirring for 1 hour, the reaction mixture is washed with water. The organic phase is then dried, filtered and subsequently concentrated under reduced pressure. Chromatography on silica gel (cyclohexane/ethyl acetate: 60/40) enables the expected product to be isolated.
Step 2: (5S, 5aS,8aS,9R)-9-(4-[[(Benzyloxy)carbonyl]oxy]-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-8-oxo-5,5a, 6,8,8a, 9-hexahydro-furo[3′,4′:6, 7]naphtho[2,3-d][1,3]dioxol-5-yl 4-nitrophenyl carbonate
0.155 ml of anhydrous pyridine is added to a solution of 1.71 mmol of p-nitrophenyl chloroformate in 5 ml of anhydrous dichloromethane. A white precipitate is formed in the reaction mixture. A solution of 0.502 mmol of the compound obtained in Step 1 in 5 ml of dichloromethane is then added dropwise under argon. Stirring is carried out for 45 minutes at ambient temperature, then 15 ml of water are poured into the reaction mixture. The organic phase is washed with water, dried over MgSO4, filtered and concentrated under recued pressure. Chromatography on silica gel (cyclohexane/ethyl acetate: 4/1) enables the expected product to be isolated.
Melting point=125-130° C.
Step 1: 4-[(5R,5aS, 8aS, 9S)-9-({[[2-(Dimethylamino)ethyl](methyl)amino]-carbonyl}oxy)-6-oxo-5,5a,6,8,8a,9-hexahydro-furo[3,4′:6,7]-naphtho[2,3-d][1,3]dioxol-5-yl]-2,6-dimethoxyphenyl benzyl carbonate
0.228 mmol of N,N,N′-trimethylethylenediamine and 0.228 mmol of triethylamine are added in succession to a solution of 0.171 mmol of the compound of Preparation 1 in 5 ml of anhydrous dichloromethane at ambient temperature and under argon. After stirring for one hour, the reaction mixture is hydrolysed. The organic phase is subsequently washed with water, then dried over MgSO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. Chromatography on silica gel (dichloromethane/methanol: 97/3) enables the expected product to be isolated.
Melting point=102-103° C.
Step 2: (5S,5aS,8aS,9R)-9-(4-Hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-8-oxo-5,5a, 6,8,8a,9-hexahydro-furo[3′, 4′:6, 7]naphtho [2,3-d][1,3]dioxol-5-yl 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl(methyl)carbamate
5% palladium-on-carbon (90.8 mg) is added to a solution of 0.138 mmol of the compound obtained in Step 1 in 8 ml of ethyl acetate. The reaction mixture is stirred under a hydrogen atmosphere (atmospheric pressure) for 1 hour 45 minutes, then filtered over Celite to remove the catalyst. The filtrate is then concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude residue is chromatographed on silica gel (dichloromethane/methanol: 96/4), enabling isolation of the expected product.
Melting point=184-186° C.
Mass spectrum (ES/MS): m/z=529 [M+H]+, 551 [M+Na]+
Step 1: 4-[(5R,SaR,8aS,9S)-9-({[[2-(Dimethylamino)ethyl](methyl)-amino]carbonyl}oxy)-6-oxo-5,5a,6,8S8a,9-hexahydro-furo-[3′,4′:6, 7]naphtho[2,3-d][1,3]dioxol-5-yl]-2,6-dimethoxyphenyl benzyl carbonate
0.184 mmol of N,N,N′-trimethylethylenediamine and 0.184 mmol of triethylamine are added in succession to a solution of 0.141 mmol of the compound of Preparation 1 in 4 ml of anhydrous dichloromethane. After stirring for 2 hours 30 minutes at ambient temperature under argon there are added to the reaction mixture 3 ml of tetrahydrofuran and a 1M solution of tetrabutylammonium fluoride (0.285 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran. After reaction for 2 hours, 0.3 mmol of tetrabutylammonium fluoride is added. Stirring is carried out for 3 hours 30 minutes and the reaction mixture is poured into water (15 ml) and diluted with dichloromethane (10 ml). The aqueous phase is extracted with dichloromethane and the combined organic phases are washed with water and a saturated aqueous solution of NaCl, and then dried over MgSO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. Chromatography on silica gel (dichloromethane/methanol: 97/3) enables the expected product to be isolated.
Mass spectrum (DCI/NH3): m/z=663 [M+H]30
Step 2: (5S,5aS,8aR,9R)-9-(4-Hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-8-oxo-5,5a,6,8,8a,9-hexahydro-furo[3′,4′:6, 7]naphtho[2,3-d][1,3]dioxol-5-yl 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl(methyl)carbamate
The product is obtained in accordance with the procedure in Step 2 of Example 1, using as substrate the compound obtained in the above Step 1.
Mass spectrum (DCI/NH3): m/z=529 [M+H]+
The product is obtained in accordance with the procedure in Example 1, Steps 1 and 2, using dimethylaminopropylamine instead of N,N,N′-trimethylethylenediamine as the reagent in Step 1.
[α]D (CHCl3)=−23° Mass spectrum (DCI/NH3): m/z=529 [M+H]+
The product is obtained in accordance with the procedure in Example 1, Steps 1 and 2, using 2-aminoethoxyethanol instead of N,N,N′-trimethylethylenediamine as the reagent in Step 1.
Mass spectrum (DCI/NH3): m/z=683 [M+NH4]+
The product is obtained in accordance with the procedure in Example 1, Steps 1 and 2, using 2-aminoethylaminoethanol instead of N,N,N′-trimethylethylenediamine as the reagent in Step 1.
The product is obtained in accordance with the procedure in Example 1, Steps 1 and 2, using dimethylaminoethylamine instead of N,N,N′-trimethylethylenediamine as the reagent in Step 1.
The compounds of the invention were tested on various human and murine cell lines:
The cells are cultured in RPMI 1640 complete culture medium comprising 10% foetal calf serum, 2 mM glutamine, 50 units/ml of penicillin, 50 μg/ml of streptomycin and 10 mM Hepes, pH 7.4. The cells are distributed on microplates and are exposed to the cytotoxic compounds for four doubling periods, that is to say 48 hours or 96 hours. The number of viable cells is then quantified by a colorimetric assay, the Microculture Tetrazolium Assay (J. Carmichael et al., Cancer Res.; 47, 936-942, (1987)). The results are expressed as IC50, the cytotoxic concentration that inhibits the proliferation of the treated cells by 50%.
In these tests, the compound of Example 6 has the following IC50 values:
L1210 cells are incubated for 21 hours at 37° C. in the presence of various concentrations of test compounds. The cells are then fixed using 70% ethanol (v/v), washed twice in PBS and incubated for 30 minutes at 20° C. in PBS that contains 100 μg/ml of RNAse and 50 μg/ml of propidium iodide. The results are expressed as a percentage of the cells that have accumulated in the G2+M phase after 21 hours compared with the control (control: 20%). At a concentration of 100 nM, the compound of Example 6 induces an 86% accumulation of the cells in the G2+M phase after 21 hours.
*Anti-tumour Activity of the Compounds on P388 Leukaemia:
Line P388 (murine leukaemia) was supplied by the National Cancer Institute (Frederick, USA). The tumour cells (106 cells) were inoculated on day 0 into the peritoneal cavity of female BDF1 mice (Iffa-Credo, France) weighing from 18 to 20 g (groups of 6 animals).
The products were administered by the intravenous route on day 1.
The anti-tumour activity is expressed as % T/C:
For information only, the compound of Example 6 is active against P388 leukaemia and induces a T/C of 203% at 6.25 mg/kg.
*Anti-tumour Activity of the Compounds on Lewis Lung Carcinoma:
Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) is a solid tumour that appeared spontaneously in the lungs of a C57B1/6 mouse and is maintained by successive transplants of fragments by the s.c. route. The LLC was obtained from the Division of Cancer Treatment, Tumor Repository, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Md., USA. The mice, which are 4 to 6 weeks old, were obtained from Iffa Credo (Lyon, France), and weighed from 20 to 22 g at the beginning of the experiment.
On the first day of the experiment (D0), the tumours are removed and cut into fragments of approximately 30 mg which are immediately grafted by the s.c. route into the B6D2F1 mice. The mice into which the fragments have been implanted are then randomly divided into the treated groups and the control group (7 animals per group).
The parameter used for evaluating the anti-tumour activity is the increase in survival time.
In addition, the number of surviving animals in each group is counted at the end of the experiment on day 90.
The products were administered in accordance with the scheme shown below. The results are expressed as % T/C, calculated in the same manner as in the preceding test:
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 00 07823 | Jun 2000 | FR | national |
This application is a 371 of PCT/FR01/01908 filed Jun. 19, 2001.
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind | 371c Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PCTFR01/01908 | 6/19/2001 | WO | 00 | 12/20/2002 |
| Publishing Document | Publishing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| WO0198307 | 12/21/2001 | WO | A |
| Number | Name | Date | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 6566393 | Lee et al. | May 2003 | B1 |
| Number | Date | Country |
|---|---|---|
| 1455540 | Dec 1996 | FR |
| 1-117885 | May 1989 | JP |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20040101574 A1 | May 2004 | US |
