Carbon dioxide flue gas sequestering mechanism

Abstract

The present invention incorporates new and useful improvements in the carbon dioxide sequestering mechanism of Ref. 1 of the Cross References. The ejector systems of Ref. 1 are rearranged in a manner that lowers the frictional effects of the resultant flow pattern after the flue gas and ejector spray have impacted in the receiver mechanism. The sequestered carbon dioxide resulting from the collision is retained in the scrubber water matrix for a prolonged period by adding a wedging mechanism designated as a compression band which extends the duration of the sequestering operation for a sufficient period of time for the absorbed gases to exit the receiver with the scrubber water flow into a separator vessel.

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The invention is a facility for removing carbon dioxide (CO₂) from the flue gases of coal fired furnaces by absorption in a water spray or dilute aqueous alkaline spray as described in Ref. 1 of the Cross References. In a subsequent treatment the carbon dioxide absorbed in the scrubber carbonated water system, and entrained in the circulatory system below the receiver, was allowed to diffuse into an ambient atmosphere and disposed of. The present invention follows much of the same procedure but changes the sequestering operation within the receiver of the system described in Ref. 1 of the Cross References.

It is generally recognized that water under atmospheric equilibrium will absorb an equal volume of carbon dioxide (CO₂). Carbon dioxide is a compressible fluid and its volume is easily reduced as a function of the cube of its diameter (Vol=0.536 dia³) such that a much larger quantity can be sequestered in the matrix of the water spray droplets which in this instance is considered incompressible.

Assuming a simplified collision theory in the Ref. 1 design described in the Cross References the flue gas draft flow was impacted with a convergent water spray from ejector nozzles mounted in the receiver which was designed as a cyclone separator. The impact of the ejector spray with the flue gas effluent in the receiver increased the CO₂ sequestering capability by increasing localized pressure in the area of impact. Because the compression of the carbon dioxide is a function of the square of the velocity at impact (F=mc²) a slightly different approach is taken in the present design.

Since The new and useful improvements described in this application effect only the method of sequestering impact occurring in the receiver of the scrubber system only this component is described in the detailed description which follows.

Because the sequestering dynamic effects only the local compression at the time of impact the pressure depends exponentially on the velocity at the time of impact in which sequestering becomes more effective and is made more efficient by altering the design and placement of those components within the receiver mechanism necessary to increase the resultant impact velocity by decreasing the boundary layer friction to improve absorption and to maintain the holding pressure within the scrubber water matrix.

In Ref. 2 of the Cross References other investigators have indicated that high velocity within the impacting zone can be greatly increased by the reduction of friction phenomena of the boundary layer between unidirectional flowing masses as in the case of the ejector nozzle water spray and flue gas effluent. Ejector spray droplets of about 20 microns will reduce the ambient system turbulence between adjoining streams and will substantially increase the internal velocity within the receivers.

Two changes are present in the redesign of the receiver system mechanism.

1. The water spray ejectors are aligned parallel with the flue gas effluent and both streams will impart their momentum in the same direction and will minimize boundary layer friction.

2. A top rim band, designated as a compression band is added to the receiver cylinder top edge to increase the CO₂ retention duration (milliseconds) and promote a squeezing action at wedge point 29 retaining the pressure upon the spray droplets.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The invention is a flue gas scrubber operating at the outlet duct to the stack of a coal gas furnace. The system described is also useful in sequestering CO₂ from the effluent combustion gases of other types of fuel.

It is an object of the present invention to increase the absorption pressure of CO₂ within the receiver by increasing the gaseous velocity of the swirling flue gas medium within the receiver and by decreasing the boundary layer frictional component between parallel flowing gaseous streams by the introduction of water droplets above the flowing mixture.

It is yet another object of the invention to increase the short span duration of retention time of CO₂ in the water droplets by the addition of a compression band to the top of the receiver which will promote a wedging squeezing action at wedge point 29 on the absorbed CO₂ allowing it sufficient time to remain absorbed during its exit with the water stream.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Drawings of the invention are presented as part of the specification.

FIG. 1 Is the coal flue gas scrubber assembly as originally designed and is shown principally in cross-section. The only components that are modified in the design of this invention are the ejector systems and the receiver. The ejectors flow is aligned with the flow of the flue gas inlet and are now placed within the receiver. The receiver cylinder height has been slightly increased to accommodate the ejector placement within the receiver. A rim band has been added to the top of the receiver to increase the absorbed CO₂ retention time. Since only the ejector placement and the addition of the ejector band has been added FIG. 1 is presented only to orient the reader with the changes that are made on the original application.

FIG. 2 Is a side view of the water and air ejector circuitry shown principally in cross-section.

FIG. 3 Is a top view of the interior of the scrubber receiver and receiver manifolding shown principally in cross-section and is shown connected to water separator separation vessel 13 and recirculation chamber air storage vessel 14 that are positioned outside the ceramic stack structure.

FIG. 4 Is a top view of the receiver cylinder showing the ecentric inlet on one side of the cylinder which employs the cyclone separator principle and provides an interior circular flow path for the entering flue gas and subsequent impact with the injected water spray.

FIG. 5 Is a side view of the receiver shown in FIG. 4.

FIG. 6 Is a side view of a metal rim shown in section which is fixedly attached to the upper edge of the receiver cylinder forming the interior surfaces of the compression zone to form the wedging action.

FIG. 7 Is a side view of the receiver cylinder shown in section.

FIG. 8 Is the bottom cover of the receiver.

FIG. 9 Is a side view of the receiver shown in cross-section showing the assembly of FIGS. 6, 7, and 8.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The invention shown in FIG. 1 is a liquid sequestering facility for the removal of carbon dioxide from combustion emissions of coal fired furnaces as first presented in Ref. 1 of the Cross References.

Receiver 1 and ejectors 2 are shown concentrically positioned in drum 3 which in turn is concentrically positioned within the concrete structure of stack 4.

The new and useful improvements presented in this disclosure are the realignment of flow direction and placement of ejectors 2 in receiver 1 and the placement of a rim band designated as a compression band 12 shown in FIGS. 6 and 9 fixedly attached to the upper edge of receiver 1. These two changes were incorporated in the design in order to increase the retention time of the absorbed CO₂ and thereby improve the sequestering efficiency.

Turning now to FIG. 2. FIG. 2 is a side view of the water and air ejector shown principally in cross-section in order to show the internal flow circuitry.

Water droplet size spraying from nozzle 7 through nozzle water spray exit 9 is controlled by adjusting the differential pressures between air inlet 10 and ejector water inlet 11. Entrained carbon dioxide from the reflux manifold 12 shown in FIG. 3 is aspirated into the ejector spray circuit from inlet port 8.

FIG. 3 is a top view of the stack 4 and the interior mounted sequestering equipment shown principally in cross-section sectioned through receiver 1 and showing the CO₂ separation vessel 13 and air storage vessel 14.

Carbonated water spray from nozzle 7 is collected at the bottom of receiver 1 and pumped from scrubber water line 15 by scrubber scavenger pump 16 and discharged into separator vessel 13 through line 17. The carbonated spray water from line 17 then flows upward in separator vessel 13 passing through steam heater coil 18 releasing the sequestered CO₂ into volume 19. Steam enters heater coil 18 at steam inlet 30 and exits the heater coil 18 at steam outlet 31. The released CO₂ passes from the separation vessel 13 volume 19 through disposal line 20 to the treatment facility which is the subject matter of organic synthesis mechanism and equipment of other disclosures.

The decarbonated water above heater coil 18 is recirculated to ejectors 2 by recirculation pump 21 and repeats the scrubbing process.

Nearly 80% of the flue gas combustion air is nitrogen which mostly separates from the CO₂ of volume 19 and is taken into line 12. Air pump 22 also takes fluid from reflux line 12 at point 23 and pressurizes air storage vessel 14 for operation of ejectors 2. The remaining air from reflux manifold is then taken into the CO₂ reflux inlets 8 of ejectors 2. The discharged from air pump 22 is discharged into air line 24 for operation of ejectors 2. The scrubbed flue gas components that are not absorbed in the reflux operation are then released to stack 4 for atmospheric exhausting.

FIG. 4 is a top view of the receiver 1 with eccentrically mounted flue gas inlet 5. When FIG. 4 is sectioned at section line 25 the three assembled components of receiver 1 are shown in cross-section in FIG. 9. A top band, designated as compression band 27 is fixedly attached to the upper edge of receiver 1 in front of orifices 26. The purpose of the compression band 27 is to slightly raise and maintain the ejector 2 impact pressure at wedge point 29 on the inner surface of the receiver 1 for a sufficient period of time necessary to maintain retention of the sequestered CO₂ while it passes through orifices 26 into rotating table 28 of FIG. 1 of the original design and then into line 17. The compression band 27 promotes a wedge squeezing action against the side of receiver 1 retaining the impact pressure of the flue gas and water spray until it passes through holes 26 into rotating table 28.

FIGS. 6, 7 and 8 are the dissembled components of FIG. 9.

FIG. 9 is the assembled components of receiver 1 in which the compression band 27 and receiver 1 bottom closure 32 are assembled into the said receiver 1.

SEQUENCE LISTING

• 1. receiver
• 2. ejector
• 3. drum
• 4. stack
• 5. flue gas inlet
• 6. ejector body
• 7. nozzle
• 8. CO₂ reflux inlet
• 9 water spray
• 10. air inlet
• 11. ejector water inlet
• 12. reflux manifold
• 13. separation vessel
• 14. air storage vessel
• 15. scrubber line
• 16. scavenger pump
• 17. line
• 18. heater coil
• 19. volume
• 20. disposal line
• 21. pump
• 22. air pump
• 23. point
• 24. air line
• 25. section line
• 26. orifices
• 27. compression band
• 28. rotating table
• 29. wedge point
• 30. steam inlet
• 31. steam outlet
• 32. receiver bottom

Claims

1. A plurality of ejector nozzles aligned in a circular pattern within the cylindrical structure of a carbon dioxide sequestering receiver such that their directed exhaust flow is discharged in the same direction as the effluent flue gas inlet lowering the incident angle of the combined resultant flow after the two streams merge after collision and in this manner lower the system boundary layer friction and increasing and retaining the impact pressure for a longer duration.

2. A compression band fixedly attached to the upper edge of a flue gas receiver, said band bent outward from the said receiver cylinder forming a wedge with the said receiver cylinder wall.