Patent Grant
9738994
The present invention relates to a carbon fiber precursor acrylic fiber bundle having a high density part as a portion thereof, a thermal oxidation oven for obtaining the carbon fiber precursor acrylic fiber bundle, and a process for producing a carbon fiber bundle.
Conventionally, acrylic fiber bundle yarn has been widely used as a precursor for producing a carbon fiber bundle. As a process for producing a carbon fiber bundle, a method of obtaining a carbon fiber bundle by a flame resistance impartation step for a heating treatment of acrylic fiber bindle yarn in an oxidizing atmosphere of 200 to 300° C. to give a flame resistant fiber bundle and subsequently by a carbonization step for a heating treatment in an inert atmosphere of 1000° C. or higher is known.
The carbon fiber bundle obtained as above has various favorable physical properties, and thus it is widely used as a reinforcement fiber of various fiber-reinforced composite material and the like. In addition to the conventional use for an airplane or a sports gear, the carbon fiber bundle is also used for an application in construction, civil engineering, or energy-related industry, and thus the demand is now skyrocketing. In order to further broaden the demand, supplying the carbon fiber bundle at lower cost is desired.
In general, a precursor yarn such as an acrylic fiber bundle for producing a carbon fiber is supplied in bobbin-wound form or laminate form after being folded into a box shape. The precursor yarn in such storage form is supplied to various calcination steps such as a flame resistance impartation step or a carbonization step. In order to improve the workability during the calcination step to lower the production cost of a carbon fiber bundle, it is necessary to connect plural precursor yarns and supply them continuously to a calcination step during the production of a carbon fiber bundle in which the precursor yarn is supplied to a calcination step. For such reasons, a technique of connecting a rear end of a precursor yarn which is in the storage form described above to a tip of the following precursor yarn is known (Patent Documents 1 to 3).
Patent Document 2 suggests a method of using a yarn obtained by performing a flame resistance impartation treatment (thermal oxidization treatment) of a rear end of a precursor yarn, a tip of the following precursor yarn, or both ends, in order to prevent thread breaking, during calcination, that is caused by accumulated heat occurring at a connection part between yarns. Patent Document 1 suggests a method of using a yarn which is preliminarily subjected to a flame resistance impartation step when a rear end of a preceding precursor yarn and a tip of the following precursor yarn are connected. Patent Document 3 suggests a method of using a yarn which is preliminarily subjected to a thermal treatment and using a special knotting method.
Patent Document 1: JP 2000-144534 A
Patent Document 2: JP 2008-150733 A
Patent Document 3: JP 56-37315 A
However, with the flame resistance impartation method for treating an end of a carbon fiber precursor acrylic fiber bundle described in Patent Document 1 or Patent Document 3, the density of the end imparted with flame resistance is as low as 1.30 g/cm3. As such, during the flame resistance impartation step, the connection part between fiber bundles may easily have heat generation due to an oxidation reaction. Further, due to high thickness, heat may be easily accumulated. Therefore, the fiber bundle cannot smoothly pass through a flame resistance impartation step, which has a high heating temperature and high process tension. Further, although the flame resistance impartation treatment of an end of a carbon fiber precursor acrylic fiber bundle is performed at a high temperature of 250° C. and in short time of 47 minutes in Example 1 of Patent Document 2, it corresponds to the temperature right before breaking of a fiber bundle caused by heating. As such, a safe and stable flame resistance impartation treatment cannot be performed.
For such reasons, in order for the connection part of an acrylic fiber bundle to smoothly pass through both of the flame resistance impartation step and the carbonization step in the method described in the above patent documents, it is necessary to lower the elongation rate of the acrylic fiber bundle during both of the flame resistance impartation step with a high heating temperature and high process tension and also the carbonization step with high process tension. In contrast, when conditions for the heating temperature and process tension in both of the steps are loosened, it is difficult to achieve high speed production of a carbon fiber bundle.
An object of the present invention is to provide a carbon fiber precursor acrylic fiber bundle having a connection part between fiber bundles which smoothly passes through both a flame resistance impartation step with a high heating temperature and high process tension and also a carbonization step with high process tension. There are also provided a thermal oxidization furnace and a method for thermal oxidization treatment enabling forming of, within a short time, a high density part according to a thermal oxidation treatment of an end in the longitudinal direction of a carbon fiber precursor acrylic fiber bundle.
The aforementioned problems are solved by the following [1] to [16] of the present invention.
[1] A carbon fiber precursor acrylic fiber bundle having a high density part as a portion thereof, in which the high density part satisfies the following Requirements A and B;
Requirement A: The high density part has a maximum fiber density ρmax of 1.33 g/cm3 or higher.
Requirement B: The increase in fiber density between an intermediate density point and a maximum density region arrival point is 1.3×10−2 g/cm3 or less per 10 mm of a fiber bundle length.
With the proviso that, the term “intermediate density point” means the site which has a density ρm (=(ρ0+ρmax)/2) that is intermediate between the fiber density ρ0 of a non-high density part and the maximum fiber density ρmax. The term “maximum density region arrival point” means the site Pr at which the increase in fiber density per 10 mm of the fiber bundle length becomes 1.0×10−3 g/cm3 or less, the increase in fiber density being represented by (ρr+1−ρr)/5 determined from a measurement in which density measurement points beginning with the density increase start point and located at intervals of 50 mm (P1, P2, . . . , Pr, Pr+1, . . . , Pn) are successively examined for fiber density (ρ1, ρ2, . . . , ρr, . . . , ρn). The term “density increase start point” means a site at which the fiber density is higher by 0.01 g/cm3 than the fiber density ρ0 of the non-high density part.
[2] The carbon fiber precursor acrylic fiber bundle described in the above [1], in which the high density part further satisfies the following Requirement C; Requirement C: The fiber density monotonously increases from the density increase start point to the maximum density region arrival point.
[3] The carbon fiber precursor acrylic fiber bundle described in the above [1] or [2], in which the high density part further satisfies the following Requirement D; Requirement D: The increase in fiber density per 10 mm of the fiber bundle length is 2.0×10−2 g/cm3 or less from the density increase start point to the intermediate density point.
[4] The carbon fiber precursor acrylic fiber bundle described in the above [1] or [2], in which the high density part further satisfies the following Requirement E; Requirement E: The length of the part in which the fiber density is 1.33 g/cm3 or higher is 50 mm or longer.
[5] The carbon fiber precursor acrylic fiber bundle described in the above [1] or [2], in which the high density part further satisfies the following Requirement F; Requirement F: The length from the density increase start point to the maximum density arrival point is 150 mm or longer.
[6] A thermal oxidation oven for partially heating a carbon fiber precursor acrylic fiber bundle and obtaining a carbon fiber precursor acrylic fiber bundle having a high density part as a portion thereof, the thermal oxidation oven having at least one opening and a high temperature heating part and at least one low temperature heating part at a position corresponding to the longitudinal direction of the carbon fiber precursor acrylic fiber bundle to be heated in which at least one of the low temperature heating part is arranged near the opening.
[7] The thermal oxidation oven described in the above [6], in which it has a means for spraying hot wind to a carbon fiber precursor acrylic fiber bundle and a wind-blocking plate for blocking the hot wind with the low temperature heating part being formed by the wind-blocking plate.
[8] A process for producing a carbon fiber precursor acrylic fiber bundle which has a high density part as a portion thereof, satisfying the following Requirement (1) to Requirement (4);
Requirement (1): A part of the carbon fiber precursor acrylic fiber bundle is arranged inside a thermal oxidation oven having at least one opening and the remaining part of the carbon fiber precursor acrylic fiber bundle is arranged outside the thermal oxidation oven.
Requirement (2): The carbon fiber precursor acrylic fiber bundle arranged inside the thermal oxidation oven is heated, at a position corresponding to the longitudinal direction thereof, with hot wind at a high temperature and hot wind at a low temperature, in which the carbon fiber precursor acrylic fiber bundle present near at least one opening is heated by the hot wind at a low temperature.
Requirement (3): As for the temperature of the hot wind at a high temperature, the maximum temperature from the start to the end of heating is at least in the temperature range of 200° C. to 300° C.
Requirement (4): Heating is performed until the maximum fiber density ρmax of the high density part of the carbon fiber precursor acrylic fiber bundle reaches 1.33 g/cm3 or higher.
[9] The process for producing a carbon fiber precursor acrylic fiber bundle described in the above [8], further satisfying the following Requirement (5);
Requirement (5): The heating temperature T for the high temperature heating part is raised to a temperature which is 3 to 5° C. lower than an upper limit temperature Tmax of a carbon fiber precursor acrylic fiber bundle to be heated at that heating time point.
[10] The process for producing a carbon fiber precursor acrylic fiber bundle described in the above [8], in which the thermal oxidation oven has a means for spraying hot wind to a carbon fiber precursor acrylic fiber bundle and a wind-blocking plate for blocking the hot wind and hot wind at a low temperature is formed by the wind-blocking plate.
[11] The carbon fiber precursor acrylic fiber bundle described in the above [1] obtained by the producing process described in any one of the above [8] to [10].
[12] A process for producing a carbon fiber bundle having the following Step (1) to Step (3);
(1) Step for connecting an end of the high density part of the carbon fiber precursor acrylic fiber bundle described in any one of above 1 to 5 having a high density part at an end thereof (a portion with length L) to the end of a high density part of another similar carbon fiber precursor acrylic fiber bundle (a portion with length L).
(2) Step for performing a flame resistance treatment by heating the connected carbon fiber precursor acrylic fiber bundle in an oxidizing atmosphere and in the temperature range of 200 to 300° C., and
(3) Step for performing a carbonization treatment by heating the obtained flame resistant fiber bundle in an inert atmosphere and in the temperature range of 1000° C. or higher.
[13] The process for producing a carbon fiber bundle described in the above [12], in which Step (1) is a step for an entanglement treatment of the end part of a high density part of a fiber bundle (a portion with length L) by using high pressure fluid.
[14] The process for producing a carbon fiber bundle described in the above [12], in which Step (1) is a step for an entanglement treatment of the end part of a high density part of a fiber bundle (a portion with length L) at three or more but six or less points in the length direction.
[15] The process for producing a carbon fiber bundle described in the above [13], in which pressure for ejecting the high pressure fluid from a nozzle is 0.5 to 1 MPa.
[16] The process for producing a carbon fiber bundle described in the above [14], in which Step (1) described above is a step for performing an entanglement treatment on a tip which is not subjected to an entanglement treatment (a portion with length Lt) by using high pressure fluid after performing an entanglement treatment of the end of a high density part of a fiber bundle (a portion with length L) at three or more but six or less points in the length direction, and embedding the tip in a connection part of the fiber bundle.
With the proviso that, the term “upper limit temperature Tmax” in the invention of above [9] is a temperature defined by a fiber bundle as a subject for a thermal oxidation treatment and a thermal oxidation oven used for a thermal oxidation treatment and is a temperature which is 1° C. lower than the “temperature Tb for yielding a break by heating”, which is measured according to the following conditions. Tmax=Tb−1(° C.)
Method for measuring “temperature Tb for yielding a break by heating”:
(1) A fiber bundle corresponding to processing capacity of a thermal oxidation oven is prepared (for a furnace with n pendulums, an amount corresponding to n pendulums). The thermal oxidation oven (furnace length: Lo) is heated and maintained at a set temperature which is 4° C. lower than the expected Tb value of the fiber bundle.
(2) By using a means for holding a fiber bundle having a fixing part and a load application part, the end of the fiber bundle is arranged horizontally such that a distance Lw between the fixing part and the load application part is longer than the furnace length Lo. A pendulum of 4 kg is placed on the load application part which is present at the outermost end of the fiber bundle and tension is applied to the fiber bundle.
(3) The fiber bundle is introduced into a thermal oxidation oven and subjected to a heat treatment for 10 minutes.
(4) When there is no abnormality such as break in the fiber bundle after the heat treatment for 10 minutes, the thermal oxidation oven is heated by raising the set temperature by 2° C. followed by maintaining, and subsequently the above operations (2) and (3) are newly performed.
(5) The above operation (4) is repeated until there is an abnormality such as break in the fiber bundle.
(6) When there is an abnormality such as break in the fiber, the thermal oxidation oven is heated to a set temperature which is 1° C. lower than the set temperature at which the abnormality occurs followed by maintaining, and subsequently the above operations (2) and (3) are newly performed.
(7) When there is an abnormality such as break during the operation of above (6), the set temperature of the above (6) is determined as the temperature Tb for yielding a break by heating. On the other hand, when there is no abnormality such as break during the operation of above (6), the temperature which is 1° C. higher than the set temperature of above (6) is determined as the temperature Tb for yielding a break by heating.
The carbon fiber precursor acrylic fiber bundle having a high density part as a portion thereof of the present invention can smoothly pass through both a flame resistance impartation step and a carbonization step. Further, with the process for producing a carbon fiber precursor acrylic fiber bundle and the thermal oxidation oven of the present invention, a high density part can be formed by a short-time thermal oxidation treatment of a part of the carbon fiber precursor acrylic fiber bundle.
Hereinbelow, the embodiments of the present invention are explained in view of the drawings. Meanwhile, in the following explanations, various “lengths” with regard to a thermal oxidation oven mean the lengths corresponding to the longitudinal direction of a carbon fiber precursor acrylic fiber bundle. Further, the direction of a thermal oxidation oven corresponding to the longitudinal direction of the fiber bundle is referred to as hx direction of the thermal oxidation oven. Further, the term “inner length” means a distance in the horizontal direction (hy direction) which is perpendicular to the length direction. Location in the hx direction in a space within the thermal oxidation oven is represented by having two ends of the inner space of the thermal oxidation oven as reference position (0 mm) and by having the direction from the reference position to the center of the thermal oxidation oven as positive direction and the direction from the reference position to an outside of the thermal oxidation oven as a negative direction.
ρmax represents the “maximum fiber density” of a high density part. ρ0 represents the “fiber density of a non-high density part”, that is, fiber density of a carbon fiber precursor acrylic fiber bundle before a thermal oxidation treatment. ρi represents the fiber density of a density increase start point. The “density increase start point” indicates a site having density that is 0.01 g/cm3 higher than the fiber density ρ0 of a non-high density part.
ρm represents fiber density of an intermediate density point. The “intermediate density point” represents a site which has a density ρm (=0.5(ρ0+ρmax)) that is intermediate between the fiber density ρo of the non-high density part and the maximum fiber density ρmax.
The term “maximum density region arrival point” means the site Pr at which the increase in fiber density per 10 mm of the fiber bundle length becomes 1.0×10−3 g/cm3 or less, the increase in fiber density being represented by (ρr+1−ρr)/5 determined from a measurement in which density measurement points beginning with the density increase start point and located at intervals of 50 mm (P1, P2, . . . , Pr, Pr+1, . . . , Pn) are successively examined for fiber density (ρ1, ρ2, . . . , ρr, . . . , ρn).
Meanwhile, the measurement of fiber density is performed for a fiber bundle which has a length of 40 mm having the density measurement point at the center.
<Carbon Fiber Precursor Acrylic Fiber Bundle>
The carbon fiber precursor acrylic fiber bundle of the present invention (hereinbelow, it may be also simply referred to as a “precursor fiber bundle”) has a high density part as a portion thereof in which the high density part satisfies pre-determined requirements. The precursor fiber bundle can be produced by a thermal oxidation treatment of a known carbon fiber precursor acrylic fiber bundle.
In the present invention, measurement of fiber density is performed for a test specimen with 40 mm length. The density measurement points (15 points) are positions located at intervals of 50 mm between the −150 mm position (first measurement point), which is in outside direction of a thermal oxidation oven from the reference point (0 mm) of a thermal oxidation oven, and the 550 mm position (fifteenth measurement point), which is in the direction toward the center of the furnace. The fiber bundle having entire length of 40 mm, that is, 20 mm on the right and left sides by having each of 15 density measurement points as selected above at the center, becomes a test specimen. Measurement of fiber density was performed according to JIS R7603: 1999 Carbon fiber—Method for determination of density (Method C: Density gradient tube method).
Vertical axis of
The precursor fiber bundle of the present invention has a high density part as a portion thereof, and the high density part satisfies the following requirement A and requirement B.
[Requirement A]
According to the precursor fiber bundle of the present invention, the high density part has maximum fiber density ρmax of 1.33 g/cm3 or higher. When precursor fiber bundles having a high density part at an end are connected to each other such that the end serves as a connection part and a series of the precursor fiber bundle obtained accordingly is subjected to a flame resistance impartation step and a carbonization step, breaking of the connection part caused by heat generation or heat accumulation during the flame resistance impartation step and/or carbonization step can be easily suppressed if the fiber density of the connection part is 1.33 g/cm3 or higher. Although it is preferable to have higher fiber density, time and cost are needed to have high fiber density. For such reasons, it is sufficient that the maximum fiber density ρmax of the high density part is 1.33 g/cm3.
[Requirement B]
According to the precursor fiber bundle of the present invention, the portion extending between an intermediate density point and a maximum density region arrival point has an increase in fiber density of 1.3×10−2 g/cm3 or less per 10 mm of the fiber bundle length. The portion extending between an intermediate density point and a maximum density region arrival point represents a region indicated by arrow Y in
[Requirement C]
It is preferable that the high density part of the precursor fiber bundle of the present invention further satisfy the following requirement C.
Requirement C: The fiber density monotonously increases from the density increase start point to the maximum density region arrival point.
As described herein, the expression “monotonously increases” means that the fiber density does not substantially decrease from the density increase start point, that is, a site at which the fiber density is higher by 0.01 g/cm3 than a part of the precursor fiber bundle, which has not been subjected to the thermal oxidation treatment, with general density (non-high density part, in case of an acrylic fiber bundle containing acrylonitrile unit at 95% or more, 1.18 g/cm3 or so), to the maximum density region arrival point. The precursor fiber bundle satisfying this requirement can pass smoothly both the flame resistance impartation step and the carbonization step.
[Requirement D]
It is preferable that the high density part of the precursor fiber bundle of the present invention further satisfy the following requirement D.
Requirement D: The increase in fiber density from the density increase start point to the intermediate density point is 2.0×10−2 g/cm3 or less per 10 mm of the fiber bundle length.
When this requirement is satisfied, it is easy to suppress breaking of a connection part during the flame resistance impartation step or the carbonization step. The value is more preferably 1.7×10−2 g/cm3 or less.
[Requirement E]
It is preferable that the high density part of the precursor fiber bundle of the present invention further satisfy the following requirement E.
Requirement E: The length of the part in which the fiber density is 1.33 g/cm3 or higher is 50 mm or longer.
The length of the part in which the fiber density is 1.33 g/cm3 or higher is the length of part X in
[Requirement F]
It is preferable that the high density part of the precursor fiber bundle of the present invention further satisfy the following requirement F.
Requirement F: The length from the density increase start point to the maximum density arrival point is 150 mm or longer.
The length from the density increase start point to the maximum density arrival point indicates the length of part Z in
<Thermal Oxidation Oven>
Next, explanations are given with regard to the thermal oxidation oven of the present invention. The thermal oxidation oven has at least one opening and a high temperature heating part and at least one low temperature heating part at a position corresponding to the longitudinal direction of the carbon fiber precursor acrylic fiber bundle to be heated, in which at least one of the low temperature heating part is arranged near the opening.
It is also possible that the thermal oxidation oven can be moved back and forth by having a moving means like wheel on a base part (not illustrated). When the precursor fiber bundle is horizontally placed and the thermal oxidation oven is moved forward after opening the top part of the thermal oxidation oven, the precursor fiber bundle can be introduced to an inside of the furnace. By closing the top part of the thermal oxidation oven after the introduction, the thermal oxidation of the precursor fiber bundle can be safely performed.
The high temperature heating part of the thermal oxidation oven is formed of structural materials such as iron or stainless.
In the examples of
The low temperature heating part and the high temperature heating part can be also achieved by, without being limited by the aforementioned method, enabling control of internal temperature of a thermal oxidation oven for individual regions, for example. It can be achieved by a means including disposing plural heaters, varying volume of hot wind for individual regions, applying a suitable amount of external air to a low temperature heating part, or the like, for example.
In case of using a wind-blocking plate, the length of the wind-blocking plate is preferably 50 mm to 300 mm, considering the length of the part Y between an intermediate density point and a maximum density region arrival point and also the size of a thermal oxidation oven. It is more preferably 100 mm to 250 mm. Accordingly, the low temperature heating part can be conveniently formed.
Together with gas generated from the precursor fiber bundle, the hot wind after heating the precursor fiber bundle directly reaches the internal bottom space of the thermal oxidation oven. Part of the hot wind and generated gas are transferred from the internal bottom space of the thermal oxidation oven to a discharge system. By suctioning via the openings 5 and 5′ fresh air in an amount corresponding to the hot wind discharged to an outside of the furnace, not only the temperature of the low temperature heating part can be lowered but also the discharge of the gas, which is generated from the precursor fiber bundle, from the opening to an outside of the furnace can be prevented.
<Method for Thermal Oxidation Treatment>
Next, explanations are given for a method for thermal oxidation treatment using the thermal oxidation oven.
The process for producing a carbon fiber precursor acrylic fiber bundle of the present invention satisfies the following requirements (1) to (4).
[Requirement (1)]
A part of the carbon fiber precursor acrylic fiber bundle is arranged inside a thermal oxidation oven having at least one opening and the remaining part of the carbon fiber precursor acrylic fiber bundle is arranged outside the thermal oxidation oven.
The method for disposing the precursor fiber bundle within the thermal oxidation oven is not limited. However, it can be performed as described below, for example. By using a means for holding a fiber bundle having a fixing part and a load application part (not illustrated), the end of the precursor fiber bundle is arranged horizontally such that the distance Lw between the fixing part and the load application part is longer than the furnace length Lo of a thermal oxidation oven (
[Requirement (2)]
The precursor fiber bundle is heated, at a position corresponding to the longitudinal direction, with hot wind at a high temperature and hot wind at a low temperature, in which the precursor fiber bundle present near at least one opening is heated by the hot wind at a low temperature.
The precursor fiber bundle is subjected to a thermal oxidation treatment according to direct contact with hot wind at a high temperature inside the thermal oxidation oven. Meanwhile, in the low temperature heating part, direct contact between the precursor fiber bundle and hot wind is prevented by the wind-blocking plate and cooling is achieved with external air which is suctioned via the openings 5 and 5′, and thus gradual thermal oxidation occurs and also a mild increase in fiber density is obtained. In the precursor fiber bundle obtained after the thermal oxidation treatment, the part positioned at the center of the thermal oxidation oven exhibits the highest fiber density while the fiber density is the lowest in the part positioned near the openings 5 and 5′. In the precursor fiber bundle after completion of the thermal oxidation treatment, the part Z at the load application part has fiber density of lower than 1.33 g/cm3. As such, it is removed by being cut at the boundary with the part X. Accordingly, a precursor fiber bundle having the part X at an end thereof can be obtained.
According to the requirement (2), because the thermal oxidation oven has a means for applying hot wind to a fiber bundle and a wind-blocking plate for blocking the hot wind, in which the low temperature heating part is formed by the wind-blocking plate, the treatment can be performed conveniently.
[Requirement (3)]
Temperature of the hot wind at a high temperature is at least in the temperature range of 200° C. to 300° C., in terms of the maximum temperature from the start to the end of heating.
By performing the thermal oxidation treatment at a temperature within this range, the fiber density of a high density part can be adjusted to 1.33 g/cm3 or higher.
[Requirement (4)]
Heating is performed until the maximum fiber density of the high density part reaches 1.33 g/cm3 or more.
It is also preferable that the process for producing a carbon fiber precursor acrylic fiber bundle of the present invention satisfy the following requirement (5).
[Requirement (5)]
Heating temperature T is raised to temperature which is lower than the upper limit temperature Tmax of a precursor fiber bundle to be heated at that heating time point by 3 to 5° C.
The temperature of a thermal oxidation oven can be set as described below, for example.
The thermal oxidation oven and thermal oxidation treatment method of the present invention are not limited to the thermal oxidation oven and thermal oxidation treatment method described above as long as they allow production of a precursor fiber bundle. A thermal oxidation oven or a thermal oxidation treatment method with suitably modified various requirements can be also used.
<Process for Producing Carbon Fiber Bundle>
The process for producing a carbon fiber bundle of the present invention is a method having the following Step (1) to Step (3);
(1) Step for connecting an end of a high density part of a precursor fiber bundle, which has a high density part at an end thereof (a portion with length L), to an end of a high density part of another identical precursor fiber bundle, which has a high density part at an end thereof (a portion with length L).
(2) Step for performing a flame resistance treatment by heating the connected precursor fiber bundle in an oxidizing atmosphere of the temperature range of 200 to 300° C., and
(3) Step for performing a carbonization treatment by heating the obtained flame resistant fiber bundle in an inert atmosphere and in the temperature range of 1000° C. or higher.
According to this method, it can smoothly pass through both the flame resistance impartation step and carbonization step.
A connection part between a series of the carbon fiber precursor acrylic fiber bundle of the present invention, that is, a connection part in which the high density parts are subjected for an entanglement treatment for integration, can be formed by the following method (1) or method (2) after having an overlap of the portion with length L in the high density part.
(1) Fiber yarns in overlapped part are entangled with each other by a high speed fluid treatment using air or the like for integration.
(2) Fiber yarns in overlapped part are entangled with each other by using a needle punch for integration.
With the method (2), a part of the fiber yarn forming the high density part may be broken and a long time is required for integration by an entanglement treatment. As such, the method (1) is preferred over the method (2).
When the end of each precursor fiber bundle is cut near the end of the density increase start point, to which the pendulum is applied, before performing an entanglement treatment for connecting the high density part, it becomes easier to handle the precursor fiber bundle during an entanglement treatment, and therefore desirable.
When high pressure fluid is sprayed from a nozzle, the spray pressure is preferably 0.5 to 1.0 MPa. When the spray pressure is less than 0.5 MPa, it cannot withstand the process tension of the carbonization step during which carbonization is performed at high speed. On the other hand, when the pressure is more than 1.0 MPa, a part of the fiber bundle forming the high density part may be broken, and therefore undesirable.
When there are three or more positions at which the fiber bundle in overlapped region is subjected to an entanglement treatment for integration, the connection part of the precursor fiber bundle can withstand the process tension of the carbonization step during which carbonization is performed at high speed. Furthermore, when there are seven or more positions for entanglement, efforts are needed for connection due to a large-size device for connection. Thus, the entanglement positions are preferably 6 or less. When there are five or less entanglement positions, for example, a nozzle for spraying high pressure fluid is arranged at five positions of X1, X2, X3, X4, and X5 in
With regard to the connection part, it is preferable to cut and remove the tip part of a fiber bundle which has not been subjected to an entanglement treatment. With such treatment, the property of passing through the steps of the fiber bundle against the flame resistance impartation step, pre-carbonization step, and carbonization step can be improved.
Further, when a tip part of the fiber bundle is cut and removed, it is preferable to have a cut while keeping 0.2 cm to 0.8 cm of the non-entangled part and embed the remaining tip part of the fiber bundle in the connection part of the precursor fiber bundle by the aforementioned high speed fluid treatment. According to this embedding treatment (hereinbelow, it may be also referred to as an “end treatment”), winding of a fiber bundle to a roller, which occurs due to the tip part of the fiber bundle, can be prevented, and also the jamming of the tip part of the fiber bundle in the guide can be prevented.
Hereinbelow, the present invention is explained in view of the examples.
Eight boxes each added with a precursor fiber a bundle having fiber density of 1.18 g/cm3, monofilament denier of 1.0 dtex/filament, a filament number of 60000, and a length of 50 m were prepared. The upper limit temperature Tmax for thermal oxidation treatment of the precursor fiber bundle was 250° C. Further, a thermal oxidation oven (a length of 1400 mm, an inner length of 900 mm, and a height of 1400 mm) having an opening with the structure shown in
Two ends were released from each precursor fiber bundle in four boxes and the precursor fiber bundle and the thermal oxidation oven were arranged to be in a state shown in
The same operations as above were performed for the remaining four boxes to have a thermal oxidation treatment performed for each of the two ends of the precursor fiber bundle in the eight boxes.
Fiber density was measured according to the following method for one end of the precursor fiber bundle in the eight boxes which has been thus obtained from the above. The density measurement point was a position located at intervals of 50 mm between the −150 mm position (first measurement point), which is in the outside direction of a thermal oxidation oven from the reference point (0 mm) of a thermal oxidation oven, and the 550 mm position (fifteenth measurement point), which is in the direction toward the center of the furnace. The fiber bundle having the length of 40 mm around each density measurement point as selected above was cut and used as a test specimen. Measurement of the fiber density was performed according to JIS R7603: 1999 Carbon fiber—Method for determination of density (Method C: Density gradient tube method). Meanwhile, the aforementioned “−150 mm” position corresponds to the outermost portion of the thermal oxidation oven.
The maximum fiber density ρmax of the precursor fiber bundle was 1.42 g/cm3 and the position within the furnace and change curve of the fiber density were similar to those of “line b” in
Each precursor fiber bundle was cut near the density increase start point at the end to which a pendulum has been added, and thus eight precursor fiber bundles having a high density part at both ends thereof were obtained.
By using the eight boxes of a precursor fiber bundle which have been obtained from above, the high density part at a front side of each precursor fiber bundle and the high density part of the adding source distal end in other box were overlapped with each other such that the tips of ends were in an opposite direction. After that, the fiber bundle in the overlapped region was subjected to a 5-point entanglement treatment based on a high speed fluid treatment. Accordingly, it was integrated to form a connection part. The Lt of the high density part, which has not been subjected to an entanglement treatment, from the entanglement treatment part to the tip part of the fiber bundle, was 350 mm. Air was used as high speed fluid and the pressure for the treatment was 0.5 MPa.
After that, the fiber bundle was cut so as to keep a portion with a length of 0.8 mm in the high density part which has not been subjected to an entanglement treatment. Subsequently, the portion which has not been subjected to an entanglement treatment was subjected to an end treatment for embedding it in the connection part of the precursor fiber bundle according to a high speed fluid treatment. Accordingly, eight precursor fiber bundles were connected to each other.
Thus-connected precursor fiber bundle was continuously supplied to a furnace for flame resistance treatment having circulating hot wind at 227 to 248° C. for a flame resistance treatment for 60 minutes at tension of 24.5 mN/tex. Subsequently, the fiber bundle after flame resistance treatment was continuously supplied from a furnace for pre-carbonization to a furnace for carbonization to obtain a carbonized fiber bundle. With regard to the furnace for pre-carbonization, the fiber bundle obtained after flame resistance treatment was subjected to a pre-carbonization treatment for 1.5 minutes in a nitrogen atmosphere at 300 to 600° C. With regard to the elongation rate for fiber bundle, the initial elongation rate was 3% and it was increased by 1% whenever the connection part passes through the furnace for pre-carbonization, thus having the final elongation rate of 9%. During the pre-carbonization step, the property of passing through the step was determined for each connection part having a varying elongation rate. As a result, it was found that the fiber bundle is not broken even when the elongation rate for pre-carbonization is as high as 9%.
With regard to a furnace for carbonization, the fiber bundle obtained after the pre-carbonization treatment was subjected to a carbonization treatment in a nitrogen atmosphere having temperature distribution of 1150 to 1250° C. while the elongation rate for fiber bundle is set at −4.5%. Even after the carbonization treatment, there was no breaking of the fiber bundle and it was possible to perform the carbonization treatment without any problem.
A precursor fiber bundle having monofilament denier of 1.39 dtex/filament, filament number of 50000, and upper limit temperature Tmax for thermal oxidation treatment of 241° C. was prepared. Further, the initial heating temperature Ti was set at 236° C. A thermal oxidation treatment was then performed such that other conditions are the same as those of Example 1.
Thus-obtained fiber bundle was cut to obtain a precursor fiber bundle in which the part X, part Y, and part Z have lengths of 600 mm, 150 mm, and 250 mm, respectively. The maximum fiber density ρmax of the portion subjected to a thermal oxidation treatment was 1.42 g/cm3 and the maximum value of an increase in the fiber density per 10 mm of the fiber bundle length between the intermediate density point and the maximum density region arrival point (that is, a portion of part Y) was 1.01×10−2 g/cm3.
Subsequently, the entanglement treatment, end treatment, flame resistance treatment, pre-carbonization treatment, and carbonization treatment were performed in the same manner as Example 1 by using high speed fluid and the property of passing through the step was determined. The fiber bundle was not broken even when an elongation was made with the elongation rate as high as 9% during the pre-carbonization step, and the carbonization treatment can be performed without any problem.
A thermal oxidation treatment was performed in the same manner as Example 1 except that a precursor fiber bundle having monofilament denier of 1.39 dtex/filament, filament number of 50000, and upper limit temperature Tmax for thermal oxidation treatment of 241° C. was used and the heating temperature is a constant temperature of 236° C. It took 180 minutes until that the maximum fiber density ρmax of the end of the fiber bundle increases to 1.42 g/cm3. The maximum value of an increase in the fiber density per 10 mm of the fiber bundle length between the intermediate density point and the maximum density region arrival point (that is, a portion of part Y) was 1.01×10−2 g/cm3.
Subsequently, the entanglement treatment, end treatment, flame resistance treatment, pre-carbonization treatment, and carbonization treatment were performed in the same manner as Example 1 by using high speed fluid and the property of passing through the step was determined. The fiber bundle was not broken even when an elongation was made with the elongation rate as high as 9% during the pre-carbonization step, and the carbonization treatment can be performed without any problem.
A thermal oxidation treatment was performed in the same manner as Example 1 except that the time for thermal oxidation treatment was 50 minutes to lower the maximum fiber density to 1.36 g/cm3. The maximum value of an increase in the fiber density per 10 mm of the fiber bundle in the longitudinal direction between the intermediate density point and the maximum density region arrival point (that is, a portion of part Y) was 1.06×10−2 g/cm3.
Subsequently, the entanglement treatment, end treatment, flame resistance treatment, pre-carbonization treatment, and carbonization treatment were performed in the same manner as Example 1 by using high speed fluid and the property of passing through the step was determined. The fiber bundle was not broken even when an elongation was made with the elongation rate as high as 3% during the pre-carbonization step. However, when the elongation of 4% was made, the fiber bundle was broken.
A thermal oxidation treatment was performed for 50 minutes at heating temperature of 245° C. by using the same precursor fiber bundle as Example 1 while applying tension of 39 N and without installing a wind-blocking plate. The maximum fiber density ρmax of the thermal oxidation treatment part of thus obtained precursor fiber bundle was 1.36 g/cm3. The maximum value of an increase in the fiber density per 10 mm of the fiber bundle length between the intermediate density point and the maximum density region arrival point was 2.25×10−2 g/cm3. Further, the increase in the fiber density per 10 mm of the fiber bundle length was 2.0×10−2 g/cm3 between the density increase start point and the intermediate density point.
Subsequently, the entanglement treatment, end treatment, flame resistance treatment, and pre-carbonization treatment were performed in the same manner as Example 1 by using high speed fluid and the property of passing through the step was determined. The fiber bundle was broken even when the elongation rate for pre-carbonization was 3%, and thus it was impossible to perform a carbonization treatment.
The precursor fiber bundle having an end subjected to thermal oxidation treatment was obtained in the same manner as Example 1 except that a wind-blocking plate was not installed and the condition for the thermal oxidation treatment includes heating for 120 minutes at temperature of 245° C. The maximum fiber density ρmax of the thermal oxidation treatment part of the end of the fiber bundle was 1.42 g/cm3. The maximum value of an increase in the fiber density per 10 mm of the fiber bundle length between the intermediate density point and the maximum density region arrival point was 1.63×10−2 g/cm3.
Subsequently, the entanglement treatment, end treatment, and flame resistance treatment were performed in the same manner as Example 1 by using high speed fluid. Then, the pre-carbonization treatment was initiated with an elongation rate of 3% and the property of passing through the step was determined. As a result, the fiber bundle was broken even when the elongation rate for pre-carbonization was 3%, and thus it was impossible to perform a carbonization treatment. The breaking point was in front of the connection part, near the region in which the fiber density was between 1.35 g/cm3 and 1.42 g/cm3.
The elongation rate for the pre-carbonization treatment is as described in Table 1. Meanwhile, the expression “increase amount of fiber density per 10 mm of a fiber bundle length in part Y (g/cm3)” indicates the maximum value of an increase in the fiber density per 10 mm of the fiber bundle length between the intermediate density point and the maximum density region arrival point (a portion of part Y). With regard to the “temperature increase for heating”, when the thermal oxidation treatment is performed while increasing the heating temperature T of a thermal oxidation oven such that it can maintain “Tmax−T≦5° C.”, it is described as “yes”. On the other hand, when the thermal oxidation treatment is performed at constant temperature (an initial heating temperature of Ti) without increasing the heating temperature, it is described as “no.”
The carbon fiber bundle produced with the precursor fiber bundle of the present invention can be used for industrial applications including an airplane, a sports gear, civil engineering, and an energy-related industry.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2012-090877 | Apr 2012 | JP | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2013/061048 | 4/12/2013 | WO | 00 |
| Publishing Document | Publishing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| WO2013/154178 | 10/17/2013 | WO | A |
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| 20150110705 A1 | Apr 2015 | US |
