Patent Application
20140026854
The present invention relates to a fuel supply system of an internal combustion engine including a carburetor with a main air passage, the carburetor having a fuel pump supplying fuel to a fuel regulator from a fuel tank, said fuel supply system further including a fuel valve for controlling delivery of fuel to a main air passage of a carburetor of an internal combustion engine, the fuel valve including at least one inlet port for receiving fuel from a fuel regulator of the carburetor, at least one fuel outlet port for connecting to at least one nozzle in the air passage leading into the engine, a fuel cavity between the inlet port and the outlet port, and a valve member movable in a manner so as to enable at least two states, a first state permitting flow of fuel from the inlet port through the cavity to the outlet port of the valve, and a second state at least principally blocking such flow.
It also relates to a hand held tool powered by a two stroke crank case scavenged internal combustion engine including said fuel supply system.
It further relates to a fuel valve for controlling delivery of fuel to a main air passage of a carburetor of an internal combustion engine, the fuel valve including at least one inlet port for receiving fuel from a fuel regulator of the carburetor, at least one fuel outlet port for connecting to at least one nozzle in the air passage leading into the engine, a fuel cavity between the inlet port and the outlet port, and a valve member movable in a manner so as to enable at least two states, a first state permitting flow of fuel from the inlet port through the cavity to the outlet port of the valve, and a second state at least principally blocking such flow.
It further relates to a carburetor having an integral fuel valve or a fuel valve that connects to the exterior of the carburetor.
It also relates to a method for facilitating starting of an internal combustion engine including a carburetor with a main air passage, the carburetor having a fuel pump supplying fuel to a fuel regulator from a fuel tank, said fuel supply system further including a fuel valve for controlling delivery of fuel to a main air passage of the carburetor, the fuel valve including at least one inlet port for drawing fuel from a fuel regulator of the carburetor, at least one fuel outlet port for connecting to at least one nozzle in the air passage leading into the engine, a fuel cavity between the inlet port and the outlet port, and a valve member movable in a manner so as to enable at least two states, a first state permitting flow of fuel from the inlet port through the cavity to the outlet port of the valve, and a second state at least principally blocking such flow.
Hand held power-tools such as, but not limited to, chain saws and line trimmers, are often powered by small two stroke internal combustion engines that are equipped with diaphragm carburetors. Generally, a diaphragm carburetor has a main air passage where fuel and air is mixed in a correct ratio. An outlet of the main air passage leads to a crankcase of the engine. Typically, a throttle valve is provided in the main air passage to control the amount of fuel and air mixture that enters the crankcase.
Usually, before starting an engine, either a purging system or a priming system is actuated at least once to introduce fresh fuel into the carburetor. Typically, the purging system is used to remove residual air or fuel from the carburetor and fill desired fuel passages and chambers of the carburetor with the fresh fuel, whereas the priming system is used to inject a small quantity of fuel into the air passage. However, such priming system may also be used in addition to performing the functions of a purging system. The fresh fuel supplied to the carburetor before starting the engine facilitates starting of the engine. The purging system and the priming system are typically actuated by a purge bulb and a primer bulb, respectively.
However, after having stored the apparatus after even a very short use, the gasoline component of the two-stroke fuel evaporates and the two-stroke oil component of the fuel is left. This oil can cause sticking and clogging between movable parts, and it may even block small fuel bores. In carburetors having a fuel valve, it may even prevent the fuel valve from opening if closed. However, the oil is easily dissolved when it comes in contact with fresh fuel.
When shutting down the engine many hand held tools set the fuel valve in a closed state. Thereby, fuel leakage through the main and/or idle nozzle is prevented while the tool is stored. If the fuel valve is stuck in this state due to the evaporation of the fuel as described above, it may be difficult or even impossible to start the engine by pulling the cord, since the closed fuel valve blocks any fuel delivery to the main air passage. Even if the fuel valve is partly open the user of the apparatus may have to pull the start cord of the engine repeatedly for a long time until fresh fuel has dissolved the oil residue and the fuel can continue to flow. Many users may experience this as if the apparatus were faulty and will not start at all. Actually, a user may even experience problems when trying to start a brand new product for the first time.
A carburetor of the kind referred to above is disclosed in WO 2009/116902 A1, for example, but does not deal with the sticking/clogging problem.
Further, carburetors of two stroke engines for chainsaws, trimmers and weed cutters and the like apparatus usually have air purging systems. For instance, U.S. Pat. No. 4,271,093 discloses an air purging system and U.S. Pat. No. 6,374,810 B discloses a combined priming and purging system, but they are applied in carburetors of another kind than the one referred to above and do not have a fuel valve with a moveable valve member that may experience sticking/clogging problem.
In addition, when prior art diaphragm carburetors have been equipped with an air purging system, such systems have been connected to a fuel metering chamber in the carburetor. In a diaphragm carburetor having a fuel valve provided downstream of the fuel metering chamber, a connection of the systems to the fuel metering chamber will not accomplish an efficient air purging.
A first object of the present invention is to provide a fuel supply system, which reduces the risk of having moveable parts such as a valve member stuck in one position, and that provides good supply of fuel to an engine using the fuel supply system.
In a fuel supply system of the kind referred to in the first paragraph above, this object is achieved with a fuel line connecting said carburetor to said tank and the fuel line being provided with a manually operated purge pump, wherein the fuel line directly connects to the fuel valve or to a fuel conduit between the fuel valve and the nozzles, permitting the purge pump to draw fuel from the inlet through the cavity and optionally returning it to the fuel tank, thereby extracting air possibly present as well as wetting interior surfaces of the cavity with fuel.
To minimize the volume of fuel that has to be drawn off by purging prior to starting the engine, the fuel line section between the purge pump and the fuel cavity or fuel conduit downstream of the outlet port of the valve suitably is of minimum length.
In a fuel supply system of the kind referred to in the first paragraph above, this first main object is also achieved with a fuel line connecting said carburetor to said tank and the fuel line being provided with a manually operated primer pump, wherein the fuel line directly connects to the fuel valve, or to a fuel conduit between the fuel valve and the nozzle, or to the fuel regulator, or to a duct between the fuel regulator and the fuel valve, permitting the primer pump to deliver fuel from the fuel tank to the fuel cavity, either directly, or backwards from the outlet port, or forwardly from the inlet port, thereby wetting interior surfaces of the cavity with fuel.
To ensure that the fuel in the various lines and conduits flows only in the desired direction, it is preferred that a first and a second check valve are provided in the fuel line provided with the purge pump or primer pump, and preferably arranged inside the purge pump or primer pump. Further, it is preferred that a third and a fourth check valve are provided downstream of the outlet port and downstream of the possible connection between the fuel line (with the purge pump or primer pump) and the fuel conduit, such that the fourth check valve is provided in a conduit leading to a main nozzle and the third check valve in a branch conduit leading to at least one idle nozzle.
Another object is to provide a hand held power tool that can easily be started, and which reduces the risk of having moveable parts such as a fuel valve member stuck in one position. This object is achieved by a hand held power tool having the fuel supply system referred to above.
Another object of the invention is to provide a fuel valve suitable for such fuel supply system. In a fuel valve of the kind referred to in the third paragraph above, this objects is achieved in that the fuel valve has a pump port communicated with the fuel cavity, wherein said pump port is intended to be connected to a manually operated pump.
Another object is to provide a carburetor suitable for such fuel supply system. In a carburetor of the kind referred to in the fourth paragraph above, this object is achieved by using a fuel valve of the kind referred to in the third paragraph above that has a pump port communicated with the fuel cavity, wherein said pump port is intended to be connected to a manually operated pump.
Another object is to provide a fuel supply system which provides for less effort and/or less difficulty associated with starting of an internal combustion engine. This object is achieved with the fuel supply system as referred to above for which a fuel line with a purge or primer pump is connected to a fuel conduit or duct or a fuel valve at a position between a metering chamber and a main air passage of a carburetor, i.e. downstream of the metering chamber and upstream of fuel nozzles in the main air passage. Thereby, passageways and/or cavities for communicating the metering chamber with the main air passage or at least interior surfaces thereof will be wetted with fuel upon purging or priming. This implies that fuel needs to travel a shorter distance upon starting of the engine as compared to having the fuel line with the purge pump directly connected to the metering chamber. Consequently, upon starting the engine, smaller effort/difficulty and/or shorter time is required for having fuel entering the engine in case the fuel in said duct/conduit/fuel valve has evaporated. In case the engine is provided with a recoil starter, possibly less start pulls will then be required for starting the engine.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for facilitating starting of a carburetor engine, by means of which method fresh fuel is made to flow past and dissolve the oil residue causing sticking and clogging between movable parts and possibly even blocking small fuel bores.
In a method of the kind referred to in the fifth paragraph above, this second main object is achieved by drawing fuel from the inlet port either directly through the cavity or alternatively downstream the fuel outlet port, and returning it to the fuel tank, so as to extract air possibly present as well and to wet interior surfaces of the cavity with fuel.
When alternatively drawing fuel through the fuel conduit, the valve member at start up of the engine preferably being arranged to be offset from the state at least principally blocking fuel flow and/or being adapted to have a leak flow past the valve member when the valve member is in the state at least principally blocking fuel flow.
Preferably, the drawing of fuel is carried out by connecting the fuel cavity to the tank, either directly or indirectly through the fuel conduit, by a fuel line having a purge pump, and operating the purge pump to draw fuel from the inlet through the cavity and return it to the fuel tank, so as to extract air possibly present as well as to wet interior surfaces of the cavity with fuel.
In a method of the kind referred to in the fifth paragraph above, this object is also achieved by delivering fuel from the fuel tank to the fuel cavity either directly, or backwards by injecting fuel downstream the fuel outlet port, or forwardly by injecting fuel upstream the inlet port, so as to wet interior surfaces of the cavity with fuel.
In the following, the invention will be described in more detail with reference to preferred embodiments and the appended drawings.
In the schematic
Preferably, the fuel pump 25 is a pulsation controlled diaphragm pump, driven by the pressure pulses generated by the crankcase of the engine 1. The fuel then passes through a needle or float valve 27 that is controlled by the diaphragm 30 of a fuel regulator 29 and enters a fuel metering chamber 28 of a fuel regulator 29. The fuel metering chamber 28 is separated from atmospheric pressure by the diaphragm 30 and can hold a predetermined amount of fuel. A duct 31, from fuel metering chamber 28, leads to a fuel valve 60. Preferably, the fuel valve 60 is an electrically controlled bistable valve, operating between two states, open and closed. An example of such valve is shown in WO 2009/116902 A1. The fuel valve 60 opens or closes the interconnection between the fuel metering chamber 28 and two fuel lines 33, 34 of different widths leading to the intake passage 21. The narrower channel 33 leads to at least one idle nozzle 35 in the area of the throttle valve 23, at least one nozzle 35 downstream of the throttle valve 23, and the wider channel 34 leads to a main nozzle 36 located upstream the throttle valve 23 and preferably at or downstream the Venturi 22. Due to the varying pressures in the main air passage 21 as the engine operates, fuel is drawn from the fuel metering chamber 28 through the main nozzle 36 and the idle nozzle 35, of course, depending on whether the fuel valve 60 is closed or open. The fuel lines 33, 34 are preferably provided with corresponding check valves 84, 85.
A fuel line generally designated 80 including a manually operated pump generally designated 81 is connected between fuel valve 60 and the fuel tank 26, as also seen in
In a first and second embodiment shown in
And in a third, fourth and fifth embodiment shown in
To provide the desired direction of fuel flow through the purge pump 81a and the primer pump 81b, both of them preferably have two check valves incorporated in the pump design, one 82 upstream and the other 83 downstream of an elastic bulb. However, if desired, both of the check valves 82 and 83 may be provided as separate components. The check valves are not limited to a particular kind of check valve, but could be of many different kinds including ball check valves, duckbill valves etc. Specifically, the check valve may include a weighted body of any suitable form coupled to a resilient member, such as a compression or expansion spring.
The fuel valve 60 is preferably controlled by an electronic control unit, not shown, but described in WO 2009/116902 A1. The control unit receives sensor inputs such as throttle position from at least one throttle positions sensor, not shown, engine speed data from at least one engine speed sensor, not shown, and optionally inputs from additional sensor/s, not shown, e.g. temperature sensor/s. The electronic control unit can use the sensor inputs to control the air to fuel ratio, e.g. decide when to open or close the fuel valve 60.
The fuel valve 60 shown in
The axially extending chamber 63 extends in a direction away from the main air passage 21 of the carburetor and has two valve seats 64, 65 that are located opposite each other and limit the axial movement of the plunger 61, namely a front valve seat 64 at a front axial end facing the intake passage 21, and a rear valve seat 65 at the opposite rear axial end. At the front end there are also provided two ports, viz. a first port 71 and second port 72, one of them 72 functioning as an inlet port to the fuel valve and the other 71 as an outlet port from the fuel valve 60. The ports 71, 72 are fluidly connected to one another when the fuel valve 60 is open, forming a cavity-shaped fluid passage 74 between them. If desired, a leak passage, not shown, may be provided to permit a minor leakage of fuel past the valve set 64 when the fuel valve 60 is closed.
The first port 71, preferably the outlet, is a channel of circular cross-section and is located as an opening in the front valve seat 64 and connects through a fuel conduit 37 that branches to form the fuel lines 33 and 34 that lead to the Venturi constriction 22. The front end of the plunger 61 has a cross-section adapted to close the opening of the first port 71.
The second port 72, preferably the inlet, is located beside the front valve seat 64, and connects to the duct 31 from fuel metering chamber 28.
At each valve seat 64, 65 there is a ferromagnetic element 66, 67, viz. a front ferromagnetic element 66 and a rear ferromagnetic element 67, preferably in the form of iron cores. These ferromagnetic elements 66, 67 serve to provide two stable valve states, viz. an open state when the plunger 61 abuts the rear valve seat 65 and a closed state when the plunger 61 abuts the front valve seat 64. At the closed state, the front end of the plunger 61 closes the first port 71 at the front valve seat 64, preventing fluid from flowing between the first 71 and the second port 72, disregarding any possible desired minor leakage if a leak passage, not shown, is provided.
The front ferromagnetic element 66 at least partly surrounds the channel of the first port 71, preferably in a form of an iron tube around the channel, i.e. the front ferromagnetic element 66 preferably provides a section of the channel of the first port 71.
The magnet 62 of the plunger 61 constitutes at least a section of the plunger 61; preferably the entire plunger 61 is a magnet 62. The magnet 62 of the plunger 61 is magnetically oriented in the axial direction, having a front magnetic pole 62a, which faces the front valve seat 64 and interacts with the front ferromagnetic element 66, and a rear magnetic pole 62b that faces the rear valve seat 65 and interacts with the rear ferromagnetic element 67. The magnetic forces between the magnet 62 and the ferromagnetic element 66, 67, respectively, are controlled so that the magnetic force between the front pole 62a and the front ferromagnetic element 66 is stronger than the magnetic force between the rear pole 62b and the rear ferromagnetic element 67, when the plunger 61 abuts the front valve seat 64, and so that the magnetic force between the rear pole 62b and the rear ferromagnetic element 67 is stronger than the magnetic force between the front pole 62a and the front ferromagnetic element 66, when the plunger 61 abuts the rear valve seat 65.
The magnetic forces between the magnet 62 and the ferromagnetic element 66, 67, respectively, are controlled by distancing them from direct contact with one another, by separating them through a front and a rear non-magnetic material 69, 70, respectively, of the front and rear valve seats 64, 65, respectively. The main reason for this is to avoid direct contact between anyone of the ferromagnetic elements 66, 67 and the magnet 62, since the magnetic force between a ferromagnetic element and a magnet grows exponentially the closer they are. Hence, by spacing them apart, the slope of the force curve between them is not as steep as if they were in direct contact, why the tolerances in the production do not need to be as high as if they were not spaced apart. It should be observed, of course, that the spacing apart could be enabled by having a non magnetic material at respectively end of the plunger 61 instead of encapsulating the ferromagnetic element 66, 67 in the valve seats 64, 65. If the distancing insulating material is too thin, there is a risk that it will wear off whereby the magnetic force would increase drastically. Preferably, the distancing material is a polymer having a thickness in the range of 0.3-3 mm, more preferably 0.5-2 mm.
The plunger 61 preferably is cylindrical and has a diameter in the range of 2-12 mm, more preferred 3-8 mm, and preferably it has a length that is larger than its diameter.
The electromagnetically operating means 68a, 68b are provided by two solenoid coils 68a, 68b wound around the axially extending chamber 63 of the valve body 73. The solenoid coils 68a, 68b are wound in opposite winding directions to each other, where a first one 68a of the two solenoids coils 68a, 68b is for snapping the plunger from the rearward position to forward position, and a second one 68b of the two solenoids is for snapping from forward position to rearward position. Of course, it would be possible to have one or more solenoid coils 68a, 68b wound in the same direction, and instead switching the direction of the current to snap the plunger 61 between the two positions. It should be observed that the solenoid coils 68a, 68b do not need to be energized to hold the plunger 61 at anyone of the two stable positions, thus the fuel valve 60 is bistable.
Preferably the fuel valve 60 is arranged to be set in a closed state when the engine is stopped, i.e. a state for which the plunger is resting at the front valve seat 64. This has the advantage of preventing any leakage of fuel from the carburetor when a tool including the carburetor is not in use. However, when attempting to start the engine after a storage period, remaining oil may cause the plunger to get stuck in the closed state and the energy provided by the solenoid coils 68a, 68b when attempting to start may be insufficient to move the plunger 61 to the open state. Furthermore, the suction pressure from the outlet port 71, when pulling the starting cord, will suck the plunger 61 towards the front valve seat 64, not helping to release the plunger 61 from its closed state. This problem can be resolved by wetting the interior of the fuel valve with fuel dissolving any clogging oil. Therefore according to the embodiment shown in
In the embodiment shown in
In the embodiment shown in
The air purging embodiments of
In the embodiment shown in
In the embodiment of
The embodiments of
A simple embodiment of a pump 81 for purging or priming is shown in
Whereas the invention has been shown and described in connection with the preferred embodiments thereof it will be understood that many modifications, substitutions, and additions may be made which are within the intended broad scope of the following claims. From the foregoing, it can be seen that the present invention accomplishes at least one of the stated objectives.
For instance, even though the fuel valves 60 described above are bistable fuel valves, other fuel valves could be used. For instance the fuel valve could be a mono-stable fuel valve, i.e. where the valve member has only one stable position when not energized. In such case the stable position is preferably a position where the moveable valve member rests against the front valve seat of the fuel valve, i.e. when in the stable position the fuel valve is preferably closed. Furthermore, other means of providing stable positions when not energized than that of magnetic attraction could be used, for instance, a spring urging the moveable valve member toward a certain position. Also fuel valves lacking stable positions when not energized could be used. Furthermore, instead of having an electrically operated fuel valve, the fuel valve could be a mechanically controlled fuel valve.
For instance, the fuel valve 60 could be an integral part of the carburettor or being a separate unit connecting inlet and outlet ports to openings on the carburettor body, i.e. one opening leading to the fuel regulator and another one towards the main and idle nozzles.
For instance, the upstream check valve 82 of the purging pump 81a and the downstream check valve 83 for the purging pump 81b are preferably placed close to where the fuel line 80 connects to the ordinary fuel supply system (e.g. at the connection point at the fuel valve 60, the fuel conduit 37, the duct 31, or the fuel regulator 39 depending on embodiment). Alternatively the fuel line 80 may have additional check valves where the fuel line 80 connects to the ordinary fuel supply system.
The present invention is especially applicable for use in connection with air purging during the starting of hand-held power-tools such as, but not limited to, chain saws and line trimmers, which as a rule are powered by small two-stroke internal combustion engines that are equipped with diaphragm carburetors.
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind | 371c Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/SE11/50464 | 4/15/2011 | WO | 00 | 10/8/2013 |
