Not applicable.
The health needs of persons requiring long term health monitoring and care delivery can be difficult to manage. In addition to requiring involvement by traditional health service providers such as physicians and nurses, other individuals are often needed to coordinate daily activities and the delivery of health services. As one example, case managers may be utilized by an insurance company to monitor health service delivery to patients with type II diabetes to ensure that insulin delivery and corresponding health assessments are provided to the patients in a most cost effective and efficient way. The case manager may advocate directly on behalf of the patient with entities involved in the delivery of health services, or may function in a more passive role where the patient is merely “checked on” from time to time and encouraged to seek appropriate care when needed. Depending on the particular health conditions of relevant patients, as well as other considerations such as available economic resources, health service coordinators (e.g., case managers) may have as few as one to as many as dozens of patients to monitor.
While coordinators provide some oversight in health service delivery, difficulties still arise with regard to prioritizing care management in the case of a large patient population. At any given moment, multiple patients may have immediate needs that cannot be simultaneously addressed by a designated health service coordinator. Accordingly, a coordinator will typically attempt to focus on a patient appearing have the “most serious” health ailment at the present point in time. This situation requires a difficult subjective evaluation by the coordinator, and also may encourage health service providers to unduly advocate for the seriousness of their patient's condition to secure more immediate attention from the coordinator. So current prioritization schemes for health service coordination often result in inconsistent management of chronic health conditions across the group of patients.
Compounding the difficulty of managing chronic diseases and other conditions for a given patient is the fact that other activities or circumstances surrounding health service delivery may not be within the purview or knowledge of the case manager. Family members, for instance, may provide some care delivery or coordinate on their own with certain vendors or service providers (e.g., durable medical equipment (DME) suppliers) without involving a health service provider or case manager. Moreover, the expense of having case managers and other coordinators involved in health service management cannot be justified in all patient care situations.
Another problem that arises in managing long term care delivery is a lack of coordination between health service providers for a given patient. Frequently, one provider, or “clinician”, is unaware of the care being delivered to, or observations made of, a patient by another clinician. This is especially true if there is an overlapping timeframe in which the clinicians are both treating the patient. Even with the advent of electronic medical or health records (EMR), care coordination for a patient can be difficult due to the limited scope and types of information that are embodied in the EMR. Some degree of care delivery management may be accomplished with a progress note, or a log of patient assessments or other care administered by clinicians to a patient. This progress note allows designated individuals to review information pertinent to the progress of care delivery for the specific patient. While such a chronology of patient care information is somewhat useful, it becomes difficult to manage once the progress note becomes sufficiently large, at which point a clinician has to sift through so much information that a particular piece of relevant information is hard to find. As can be imagined, the use of traditional progress notes can slow the process of evaluating a patient's current health status and delivering appropriate care to the point where clinicians avoid their use altogether.
Systems and associated methods of the present invention provide a robust solution for coordinating the delivery of health services for a given patient population. In particular, embodiments provide current patient-specific information on a shared site accessible by a number of care providers and coordinators, who may then review the information and provide additional content.
In one aspect, a computing system is provided for managing, among a number of authorized users, patient-specific information for presentation in a categorized form. The system includes a content management module for managing the organization of content on a shared network site, a display module for presenting to a particular user the content as patient-specific categorized information, and an editing module for selectively enabling modification by the authorized users of the patient-specific categorized information. The display module is also configured to present the content for display in a format consistent with preferences designated by the particular user. Upon modification of the patient-specific categorized information, the display module may subsequently display the modified information for any of the authorized users accessing the system. In this way, multiple users contribute to the content regarding a particular patient to enable any of the authorized users, such as a health service providers or coordinators, to provide the most appropriate care based on the shared content input.
In another aspect, a computerized method is provided for managing the presentation of categorized patient-specific information among a number of users. According to the method, a patient-specific information set is retrieved for a particular user from a shared network site. The retrieved information set is then selectively displayed for the particular user in a categorized format consistent with preferences designated by the particular user. At this point, the user may make modifications to content of the retrieved information set displayed, which are utilized to compile a modified patient-specific information set. This modified information set is stored on the shared network site to facilitate access thereto by the particular user that has made the modifications or by other users as desired. Through continual access and modification by the users, the information for the specific patient evolves to provide an updated data compilation useful in managing care delivery to such patient. Additionally, by displaying the information in a categorized format, and in accordance with the preferences, a particular user can focus on specific information that is most relevant to their role in delivering health services to or managing the care of the patient in question.
In yet another aspect, a computerized system and method is utilized in providing formatted updates regarding a patient based on the modification of content present on a shared network site. According to the method, a subscription request is received, which is associated with a particular care provider and a particular patient. Content modification that occurs on the shared network site that is relevant to the subscription request is then registered. Based on the content modification registered, formatted updates for the particular care provider regarding the particular patient are selectively generated, where the updates relate to the content modification registered. This enables care providers to be timely informed of relevant updates that have occurred to information regarding a particular patient, without having to necessarily review previous versions of the patient information.
Certain embodiments of the system and associated methods of the present invention provide a user interface for managing the presentation of patient-specific information that is accessible by a number of users. The user interface includes one or more display regions configured for presenting the patient-specific information in categorized form based on preferences designated by a particular user of the number of users. Additionally, the user interface presents patient-specific information that is inclusive of content modifications previously instituted by various users.
In another aspect, a computerized method is provided for determining a priority scheme with regard to delivering care to a number of patients. More specifically, the method first involves retrieving one or more sets of patient-specific data for the number of patients related to care delivery. As one example, the patient-specific data may include health information or other types of information. Based on the patient-specific data retrieved, the need to receive care for each of the number of patients is ranked. The results of the ranking are then displayed in accordance with a visualization scheme on a user interface where patients having a similar ranking are presented proximal to one another and patients having a dissimilar ranking are presented distal to one another. Additionally, certain embodiments of the system and associated methods of the present invention provide various user interfaces for instituting the visualization scheme for designating a suggested priority among the patients for receiving care. One user interface includes one or more display regions configured for presenting an ordered chart including a listing of the number of patients in ranked order. The ordered chart has a set of regions, with each region denoting a unique range of ranking values for the number of patients and being provided with a distinctive visual indicator to distinguish one region from another region. Another user interface includes one or more display regions configured for presenting a graphical plot of ranking values for the number of patients. The graphical plot has a set of regions, with each region denoting a unique range of ranking values for the number of patients and being provided with a distinctive visual indicator to distinguish one region from another region.
Additional advantages and features of the invention will be set forth in part in a description which follows, and in part will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon examination of the following, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
The present invention is described in detail below with reference to the attached drawing figures, wherein:
Embodiments of the present invention relate to the coordination and management of health service delivery for a given patient population. Specifically, certain embodiments are concerned with a computerized system and associated methods for providing current patient-specific information on a shared site accessible by a plurality of designated users, such as health service providers and coordinators, who may then review the information and provide additional content. The patient-specific information may be presented to the users in a categorical fashion, and more specifically, in accordance with a presentation format selected by each user. In this way, when a health service provider or coordinator is focusing on delivering care or coordinating health service activities for a particular patient, relevant information about the patient is presented in a format most useful to provider/coordinator. Certain embodiments are directed to establishing formatted updates for specific users based on modifications to patient-specific content present on the shared site. This enables users to focus their attention on new developments for the patient that may have more relevance to care delivery and coordination than older information that was previously reviewed or is otherwise no longer relevant to the user. The formatted updates are subscribed to by individual users, and then selectively generated according to user preferences.
Still further, certain embodiments are concerned with a computerized system and associated methods for determining a priority scheme with regard to delivering care to individual patients within a pool of patients. Certain factors are used to evaluate patient-specific data to generate a ranking of the need to receive care for each of the patients. The ranking results are displayed in accordance with a visualization scheme on a user interface where patients having a similar ranking are presented proximal to one another and patients having a dissimilar ranking are presented distal to one another. This allows a user to quickly determine which patients have needs that must be addressed first.
Referring to the drawings in general, and initially to
The present invention may be operational with numerous other general purpose or special purpose computing system environments or configurations. Examples of well-known computing systems, environments, and/or configurations that may be suitable for use with the present invention include, by way of example only, personal computers, server computers, hand-held or laptop devices, multiprocessor systems, microprocessor-based systems, set top boxes, programmable consumer electronics, network PCs, minicomputers, mainframe computers, distributed computing environments that include any of the above-mentioned systems or devices, and the like.
The present invention may be described in the general context of computer-executable instructions, such as program modules, being executed by a computer. Generally, program modules include, but are not limited to, routines, programs, objects, components, and data structures that perform particular tasks or implement particular abstract data types. The present invention may also be practiced in distributed computing environments where tasks are performed by remote processing devices that are linked through a communications network. In a distributed computing environment, program modules may be located in local and/or remote computer storage media including, by way of example only, memory storage devices.
With continued reference to
The control server 22 typically includes therein, or has access to, a variety of computer readable media, for instance, database cluster 24. Computer readable media can be any available media that may be accessed by control server 22, and includes volatile and nonvolatile media, as well as removable and nonremovable media. By way of example, and not limitation, computer readable media may include computer storage media and communication media. Computer storage media may include, without limitation, volatile and nonvolatile media, as well as removable and nonremovable media implemented in any method or technology for storage of information, such as computer readable instructions, data structures, program modules, or other data. In this regard, computer storage media may include, but is not limited to, RAM, ROM, EEPROM, flash memory or other memory technology, CD-ROM, digital versatile disks (DVDs) or other optical disk storage, magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage device, or any other medium which can be used to store the desired information and which may be accessed by control server 22. Communication media typically embodies computer readable instructions, data structures, program modules, or other data in a modulated data signal, such as a carrier wave or other transport mechanism, and may include any information delivery media. As used herein, the term “modulated data signal” refers to a signal that has one or more of its characteristics set or changed in such a manner as to encode information in the signal. By way of example, and not limitation, communication media includes wired media such as a wired network or direct-wired connection, and wireless media such as acoustic, RF, infrared, and other wireless media. Combinations of any of the above also may be included within the scope of computer readable media
The computer storage media discussed above and illustrated in
The control server 22 may operate in a computer network 26 using logical connections to one or more remote computers 28. Remote computers 28 may be located at a variety of locations in a medical environment or research environment, for example, but not limited to, clinical laboratories, hospitals and other inpatient settings, veterinary environments, ambulatory settings, medical billing and financial offices, administration settings, home health care environments, clinicians' offices, or other healthcare provider or administrative settings. However, remote computers 28 are not limited to these environments, and may be present in other environments where health service delivery, management, or support is provided, including practically any non-traditional medical care environment where patient-related information is accessed and monitored. As mentioned above, remote computers 28 may also be physically located in non-traditional medical care environments so that the entire health care community may be capable of integration on the network. Remote computers 28 may be personal computers, servers, routers, network PCs, personal digital assistants (PDA), peer devices, other common network nodes, or the like, and may include some or all of the elements described above in relation to the control server 22.
Exemplary computer networks 26 may include, without limitation, local area networks (LANs) and/or wide area networks (WANs). Such networking environments are commonplace in offices, enterprise-wide computer networks, intranets, and the Internet. When utilized in a WAN networking environment, the control server 22 may include a modem or other means for establishing communications over the WAN, such as the Internet. In a networked environment, program modules or portions thereof may be stored in the control server 22, in the database cluster 24, or on any of the remote computers 28. For example, and not by way of limitation, various application programs may reside on the memory associated with any one or all of the remote computers 28. It will be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art that the network connections shown are exemplary and other means of establishing a communications link between the computers (e.g., control server 22 and remote computers 28) may be utilized.
In operation, a user may enter commands and information into the control server 22 or convey the commands and information to the control server 22 via one or more of the remote computers 28 through input devices, such as a keyboard, a pointing device (commonly referred to as a mouse), a trackball, or a touch pad. Other input devices may include, without limitation, microphones, satellite dishes, scanners, or the like. The control server 22 and/or remote computers 28 may include other peripheral output devices, such as speakers and a printer.
Although many other internal components of the control server 22 and the remote computers 28 are not shown, those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that such components and their interconnection are well known. Accordingly, additional details concerning the internal construction of the control server 22 and the remote computers 28 are not further disclosed herein.
As referenced above, embodiments of the present invention relate to the coordination and management of health service delivery for a given patient population. In embodiments, a system and associated methods provide current patient-specific information on a shared site accessible by a number of care providers and coordinators, who may then review the information and provide additional content as desired. Additionally, other embodiments are involved with methods for determining a priority scheme with regard to delivering care to individual patients within a pool of patients.
Turning to a general discussion of terminology used throughout the application, health service providers, coordinators, managers and suppliers, and others similarly involved in handling care for a person in need may also be referred to herein as “clinicians”, whether such persons conduct activities within or outside of a traditional medical care environment. The terms “clinician” and “user” are used interchangeably herein to describe individuals that utilize the systems and methods of the present invention on behalf of one or more patients. Electronic health records, as referenced above, are typically associated with each patient encountering a healthcare provider or system. These health records contain various types of data about an individual patient, such as: patient identifying and demographic information; insurance and financial information; patient health status, such as observed conditions of the patient (e.g., physiological conditions such as blood pressure, oxygen saturation levels in blood, or other “vital signs”), current immunizations, food and drug allergies, diagnoses and current assessments of various clinicians; and care documentation including a listing of clinicians that are currently providing or that have provided care to the patient, clinical orders made (e.g., medications prescribed, tests or procedures ordered, and any entities or providers associated therewith) and any corresponding insurance or other payer claims for coverage of the ordered items. It should be understood that the patient data described herein is not an exhaustive list, and any portion of the described patient data (or any patient data not explicitly set out herein) may reside within a health record. Any or all of the information in the electronic health record may be organized into one or more structured charts within the record, and as one example, the EMR may take the form of personal health record (PHR), a continuity of care record (CCR), a structured information set or record residing with a group of patient-specific records in a community health record (CHR), or the like, and is preferably readable across various computing platforms. It should be understood, however, that the term “medical record”, “health record” or “electronic health record” in particular, should not be interpreted to be limited to any type of computer-readable format or record, but includes any electronically-stored data structure containing information relative to at least one specific patient and from which information may be viewed and/or extracted by various components of the computing system environment 20, such as remote computers 28. Additionally, it should be noted that the terms “patient”, “person” and “individual” are used interchangeably herein and are not meant to limit the nature of the referenced individual nor imply any particular relationship between the individual in question and clinicians or other persons having access privileges to patient-centric health record information or other information pertinent to delivering, managing, or coordinating care for the individual (collectively referred to herein as “patient-centric content”).
Illustrated in
As explained more fully below, the component modules 200 handle the presentation of information to users (i.e., clinicians) through a series of exemplary screen displays. In an embodiment, the content management module 202 selectively receives commands from the editing module 206 and the subscription module 208 based on clinician input to the system 20 and in correlation with information presented through the exemplary screen displays on display module 204. For instance, if a clinician provides additional patient-specific health information through input associated with a particular screen display, the editing module 206 generates an instruction for the content management module 202 add the particular patient information to the patient record on data repositories 212. This allows other clinicians to then view the updated patient-specific information or content through the display module 204. In another embodiment, the prioritization module 210 generates a visualization for display on the display module 204 representative of the suggested priority for individual patients within a patient population to received care. The suggested patient priority to receive care, or “ranking”, is based at least in part on patient-specific information retrieved from the data repositories 212 by the prioritization module 210.
One exemplary screen display 300 generated by the component modules 200 for providing information to a clinician is illustrated in
Upon selecting a particular patient from the search results table 308, a screen display 400 is generated as illustrated in
Turning to
The top-level menu 404 also provides a CARE COORDINATION option, the selection of which causes the generation of window 600 on screen display 400, as illustrated in
Each information set 604 identifies the clinician that provided the particular entry displayed, when the entry was made, and also displays the presence icon 414 for the clinician. An option icon 608 is also provided for controlling the format of information display within the set 604 for the particular clinician, as well as for initiating other activities, as explained in further detail below with respect to
Clinicians may also want to stay informed of changes that are made to the patient-centric content without having to navigate through the information sets 604 displayed in the care coordination window 600. For instance, a clinician may want to receive in their electronic inbox a message notifying of changes to information sets 604 associated with a particular topical heading. This allows a clinician to be notified of changes “since the last time” the clinician accessed patient-centric content through the component modules 200.
With reference to
Upon the selection of an option from the sub-window 702, entry changes associated with the parameters specified by the clinician are registered, and formatted updates are generated by the subscription module 208 for the registered entry changes and delivered to the associated clinician's electronic message inbox. Alternatively, the formatted updates may be sent electronically directly to a communication device associated with the clinician as a text message. The subscription module 208 may utilize an RSS or ATOM protocol, or the like, for delivery of subscription updates that are, for instance, XML formatted. Specifically, the electronic messages embodying the subscription updates may be formatted in various ways. For instance, the messages may include the actual text of entries into the information sets 604 or an electronic link that, when selected, causes the content management module 202 to extract the entry changes from the database 24.
Selection of the option icon 608 within a particular information set 604 causes another sub-window 800 to be generated, as illustrated in
Returning to
Within sub-window 800 of
Returning to
In addition to being presented with a general overview of care-related information for a specific patient, and participating in care coordination information sharing, the clinician can also view electronic mail messages and other notifications that have been associated with the clinician by selecting an INBOX option from the top-level menu 404. As illustrated in
With reference to
As referenced above, the prioritization of care management within a particular patient population has proven to be a difficult task for health service coordinators. One exemplary screen display 1900 for providing visual guidance in prioritizing patients for receiving care within a patient population is illustrated in
In an embodiment, the ranking of the need to receive care among the patient population is determined from a variety of factors, including, for a given patient, one or more of the urgency of the need to receive care for the patient (i.e., the “urgency” factor), the importance of receiving care for the patient (i.e., the “importance” factor), the quantity of procedures necessary for delivering care to the patient (i.e., the “quantity” factor), and the nature of the care to be delivered to the patient (i.e., the “nature” factor). A nonexhaustive list of sources of patient-related information considered in establishing a value for each factor include: patient-specific calendars of care events, such as medical appointments and procedures, a patient's electronic health record (e.g., medical claims for the patient, diagnosed health/condition issues, prescriptions ordered), a community health record, including patient-specific information and general information for the patient population, sources of evidence-based medical or clinical knowledge (e.g., MULTUM database offered by Cerner Multum, Inc.), activity information captured in care coordination records (e.g., information inputted in the care coordination window 600, electronic messages received in a clinician's inbox, tasks generated and associated priorities assigned thereto, etc.), and a record of quantitative values assigned to certain elements (e.g., severity scores assigned to diagnosis or condition information).
One exemplary computerized method 2000 for generating a visualization representative of a suggested priority for individual patients within a patient population to receive care is represented by the flow diagram depicted in
Specific examples of data that can influence the urgency factor are provided in Table 1 below.
Similarly, specific examples of data that can influence the importance factor are provided in Table 2 below.
Upon retrieval of the patient-specific data, a calculation of the actual qualitative values for each the urgency and importance factors in made at step 2004. Different weightings can be applied to particular data types that combine to influence the qualitative values of the urgency and importance factors, based on, for instance, the preferences of a particular treating clinician or a health system administrator responsible for overseeing care delivery for the patient population. As an example, the urgency and importance factors may each be values on a scale from 0.0 to 1.0, with a higher number representative of a stronger urgency and importance ranking than a lower number. Thus, a patient having a [1.0, 1.0] ranking would represent the patient with the highest possible need to receive care based on urgency and importance consideration. The representation of the qualitative values of the urgency and importance factors in a visualization scheme is discussed in more detail below with respect to
A determination is then made as to whether patient-specific data should be retrieved for additional patients. If patient-specific data should be retrieved for additional patients, then the method 2000 returns to step 2002, On the other hand, if patient-specific data has been retrieved for each patient desired (e.g., for the portion of the patient population in which the priority to receive care is to be determined), then a visualization representative of the suggested priority for individual patients within a patient population to receive care is generated at step 2008, examples of which include ordered chart 1908 of
One practical implementation of the method 2000 is set out below for an exemplary group of patients with a sample set of patient-specific data that has been retrieved. Table 3-5 each present data relevant in establishing a qualitative value for the urgency and importance factors for a particular patient.
The qualitative value for the importance factor is then calculated as follows:
Importance=min(1.0,[ConditionImportance+EncounterImportance+CommunicationEventlmportance]/3)
where:
ConditionImportance=sum(ConditionRating)
EncounterImportance=sum(EncounterRating*ProximityFactor)
CommunicationEventlmportance=sum(CommunicationEventRating*ProximityFactor)
and:
ProximityFactor=1.0 if event within 0 to 7 days
Scores are also established for the following events:
Accordingly, the results for the importance factor are as follows:
ConditionImportance=(3*0.05)+(2*0.2)+(1*0.5)=1.05
EncounterImportance=(1.0*0.5)=0.5
CommunicationEventlmportance=(2*0.2*1.0)+(5*0.1*0.5)=0.65
ImportanceFactor=min(1.0, [1.05+0.5+0.65]/3)=0.73333
ConditionImportance=(3*0.05)=0.15
EncounterImportance=(0.2*1*0.25)=0.05
CommunicationEventlmportance=0
ImportanceFactor=min(1.0, [0.15+0.05+0]/3)=0.06666
ConditionImportance=(2*0.05)+(1*0.5)=0.6
EncounterImportance=(1*0.2*0.5)=0.1
CommunicationEventlmportance=(0.2*1.0)+(0.2*2*0.5)=0.4
ImportanceFactor=min(1.0, [0.6+0.1+0.4]/3)=0.36666
The qualitative value for the urgency factor is then calculated as follows:
Urgency=min(1.0,[CalendarUrgency+EncounterUrgency+CommunicationEventUrgency]/3)
where:
CalendarUrgency=sum(CalendartRating*ProximityFactor)
EncounterUrgency=sum(EncounterRating*ProximityFactor)
CommunicationEventUrgency=sum(CommunicationEventRating*ProximityFactor)
Using the same event ratings and proximity factors as when calculating the importance factor value, the results for the urgency factor are as follows:
CalendarUrgency=(0.4*1)+(0.4*2*0.5)+(0.2*2*1.0)=1.2
EncounterUrgency=(0.2*2*1.0)+(0.2*1*1.0)=0.6
CommunicationEventUrgency=(0.05*5)+(0.05*2)=0.35
UrgencyFactor=min(1.0, [1.2+0.6+0.35]/3)=0.7166667
CalendarUrgency=(0.2*2*0.25)=0.1
EncounterUrgency=(0.2*1*0.5)=0.1
CommunicationEventUrgency=(0.05*1)=0.05
UrgencyFactor=min(1.0, [0.1+0.1+0.05]/3)=0.0075
CalendarUrgency=(0.2*1*0.5)+(0.2*1*0.5)=0.2
EncounterUrgency=(0.2*1*0.5)=0.1
CommunicationEventUrgency=(0.05*3)=0.15
UrgencyFactor=min(1.0, [0.2+0.1+0.15]/3)=0.45
The three patients can then be characterized by the following [importance, urgency] points:
As referenced above, the [1.0, 1.0] point represents a highest ranked location in terms of a patient's priority to receive care. Thus, to arrange patients within the ordered chart 1908 of
Distance=[(1.0−importance)̂2+(1.0−urgency)̂2]̂0.5)
Therefore, the results for each patient are as follows:
Person A Distance=[(1−0.73333)̂2+(1−0.71666)̂2]̂0.5=0.68202
Person B Distance=[(1−0.06666)̂2+(1−0.0075)̂2]̂0.5=1.3624
Person C Distance=[(1−0.4)̂2+(1−0.45)̂2]̂0.5=0.81394
Among this group, Person A would be the highest priority patient, followed by Person C and Person B. Person A would thus be in at least as high a row in the chart 1908 as Person C and Person B, and if in fact was in the same row, then Person A would be more to the left in the row shared with Person C and/or Person B.
Various visual indicators may be provided within the chart to denote segments of patients having a similar distance value from the [1.0, 1.0] point, and thus a similar priority ranking. For instance, different shading or color markings may be associated with portions of the chart displaying patients that are associated with specified ranges of distance values from the [1.0, 1.0] point, such that patients having a smaller distance value are shaded or marked differently from patients having a larger distance value, while still maintaining the general order of the chart 1908 where patients in higher rows and further to the left within the row are designated by the position in the chart 1908 as being higher priority. The ordered chart 1908 may also be segmented into groups of rows to further denote prioritization among the patients, as depicted in
Referring again to
One advantage of utilizing the graphical plot of
The aforementioned system and methods have been described in relation to particular embodiments, which are intended in all respects to be illustrative rather than restrictive. Since certain changes may be made in the aforementioned system and methods without departing from the scope hereof, it is intended that all matter contained in the above description or shown in the accompanying drawing be interpreted as illustrative and not in a limiting sense.
This application claims priority to commonly owned U.S. provisional application Ser. No. 60/892,003, filed Feb. 28, 2007, incorporated by reference herein.
Number | Date | Country | |
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60892003 | Feb 2007 | US |