Patent Grant
10758374
Any and all applications for which a foreign or domestic priority claim is identified in the Application Data Sheet as filed with the present application are hereby incorporated by reference under 37 C.F.R. § 1.57 for all purposes.
Field
This disclosure relates generally to implants, and, more specifically, to hydrogel joint implants and various tools, devices, systems, and methods related thereto.
Description of Related Art
Implants can be used to replace deteriorated or otherwise damaged cartilage within a joint. Such devices can be used to treat osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, other inflammatory diseases, generalized joint pain, joints damaged in an accident, joints damaged while participating in athletics, joints damaged due to repetitive use, and/or other joint diseases.
In some embodiments, an implant comprises, or alternatively consists essentially of, a hydrogel body comprising an upper surface, a planar lower surface opposite the upper surface, and sidewalls extending between the upper surface and the lower surface. The upper surface comprises a saddle shape. The sadly shape includes a first peak, a second peak, a first trough, and a second trough. The first trough is laterally between the first peak and the second peak. The second trough is laterally between the first peak and the second peak. The first peak is laterally between the first trough and the second trough. The second peak is laterally between the first trough and the second trough.
The hydrogel may comprise polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). The hydrogel may comprise water. The hydrogel may comprise saline. The upper surface may be contoured to correspond to an outer surface of a trapezium. The body may have a diameter between 4 mm and 8 mm. The implant may be load bearing. The implant may be non-biodegradable. The implant may be configured to be placed in a carpometacarpal joint. The lower surface may be configured to be placed in a cavity in a first metacarpal bone. The upper surface may be configured to abut a trapezium. A distance between at least one of the first peak and the second peak and the planar lower surface may be between 10% and 20% greater than a distance between at least one of the first trough and the second trough and the planar lower surface.
In some embodiments, a placer comprises, or alternatively consists essentially of, a first end, a second end opposite the first end, and a body extending between the first end and the second end. The first end comprises a saddle shape. The saddle shape includes a first peak, a second peak, a first trough, and a second trough. The first trough is laterally between the first peak and the second peak. The second trough is laterally between the first peak and the second peak. The first peak is laterally between the first trough and the second trough. The second peak is laterally between the first trough and the second trough.
The placer may further comprise a lumen extending through the body from the first end to the second end. The lumen may be configured to facilitate placement of a guide pin. The placer may further comprise a measurement band proximate to the second end. The measurement band may comprise a plurality of measurement bands spaced by 1 mm. The first end may be contoured to correspond to an outer surface of a first metacarpal bone.
In some embodiments, a drill bit comprises, or alternatively consists essentially of, a distal end, a proximal end opposite the distal end, and a body extending between the distal end and the proximal end. The distal end comprises a flange and a plurality of cutters distal to the flange. The flange has a lateral dimension greater than a lateral dimension of the body. The proximal end is configured to be coupled to a drill.
The plurality of cutters may comprise three cutters. The plurality of cutters may be spaced 120° from each other. Each of the plurality of cutters may extend from a hub. The drill bit may further comprise a lumen extending through the body from the proximal end to the distal end. The lumen may be configured to be tracked over a guide pin. The proximal end may comprise a polygonal lateral cross-section.
In some embodiments, an introducer comprises, or alternatively consists essentially of, a distal end, a proximal end opposite the distal end, and a body extending between the distal end and the proximal end. The distal end comprises a neck portion. The body is coupled to the neck portion at a shoulder. The body comprises a lumen including a flared shape proximate to the proximal end.
The body may comprise alignment indicia. The body may be cylindrical.
In some embodiments, a plunger comprises, or alternatively consists essentially of, a distal end, a proximal end opposite the distal end, and a body extending between the distal end and the proximal end. The distal end comprises a saddle shape. The saddle shape includes a first peak, a second peak, a first trough, and a second trough. The first trough is laterally between the first peak and the second peak. The second trough is laterally between the first peak and the second peak. The first peak is laterally between the first trough and the second trough. The second peak is laterally between the first trough and the second trough. The proximal end comprises a head portion.
The distal end may be configured to abut an end surface of an implant contoured to abut a trapezium. The body may comprise alignment indicia. The head portion may comprise a T-shaped handle. The body may comprise alignment indicia. The body may be cylindrical.
In some embodiments, a deployment system comprises, or alternatively consists essentially of, the introducer and the plunger.
The body of the plunger may be configured to extend at least partially through the lumen of the introducer. The plunger may be configured distally advance an implant through the lumen of the introducer. The plunger may be radially inwardly compress an implant in the lumen of the introducer. The plunger may be configured deploy an implant out of the distal end of the introducer.
In some embodiments, a kit comprises, or alternatively consists essentially of, at least two of the placer, the drill bit, the introducer, the plunger, and a guide pin.
The kit may further comprise the implant.
In some embodiments, a method of positioning an implant in a carpometacarpal joint comprises, or alternatively consists essentially of, aligning an implant deployment system with a recess in a carpometacarpal bone. The carpometacarpal bone comprises the first metacarpal bone. The joint comprises a surface of a trapezium. The recess faces a carpometacarpal joint. The implant deployment system comprises an introducer comprising first alignment indicia and a plunger comprising second alignment indicia. The method further comprises deploying the implant out of the implant deployment system partially and partially into the recess. The implant comprises a contoured upper surface contoured to abut the surface of the trapezium. The contoured upper surface comprises a first peak, a second peak, a first trough laterally between the first peak and the second peak, and a second trough laterally between the first peak and the second peak. The first peak is laterally between the first trough and the second trough. The second peak is laterally between the first trough and the second trough. After deployment, the implant is 1 mm to 3 mm proud.
Aligning the implant deployment system may comprise aligning the first alignment indicia with a surface feature of the carpometacarpal bone. The method may further comprise loading the implant in the implant deployment system. Loading the implant may comprise aligning the contoured upper surface of the implant with at least one of the first alignment indicia and the second alignment indicia. The method may further comprise radially compressing the implant in the implant deployment system by distally urging the implant through a lumen of the introducer using the plunger.
In some embodiments, a method of positioning an implant in a carpometacarpal joint comprises, or alternatively consists essentially of, aligning an implant deployment system with a recess in a carpometacarpal bone and deploying the implant out of the implant deployment system partially and partially into the recess. The recess faces a carpometacarpal joint. The implant comprises a contoured upper surface.
The carpometacarpal bone may comprise the first metacarpal bone. The joint may comprise a surface of a trapezium. The upper surface of the implant may be contoured to abut the surface of the trapezium. An introducer of the implant deployment system may comprise alignment indicia. Aligning the implant deployment system may comprise aligning the alignment indicia with a surface feature of the carpometacarpal bone. Aligning the implant deployment system may comprise positioning neck portion of an introducer of the implant deployment system at least partially in the recess. Aligning the implant deployment system may comprise abutting a shoulder of an introducer of the implant deployment system against a surface of the carpometacarpal bone. The implant may comprise one of the implants described above. After deployment, the implant may be 1 mm to 3 mm proud. The deployment system may comprise one of the introducers described above. The deployment system may comprise one of the plungers described above. The deployment system may comprise one of the deployment systems described above. The method may further comprise loading the implant in the implant deployment system. Loading the implant may comprise aligning the implant in the implant deployment system. An introducer of the implant deployment system may comprise alignment indicia. A plunger of the implant deployment system may comprise alignment indicia. A plunger of the implant deployment system may comprise a contoured distal end. The method may further comprise radially compressing the implant in the implant deployment system. Radially compressing the implant in the implant deployment system may comprise distally urging the implant through a lumen of an introducer of the implant deployment system using a plunger of the implant deployment system. The lumen of the introducer of the implant deployment system may comprise a flared shape. Deploying the implant may comprise urging the implant through a lumen of an introducer of the implant deployment system using a plunger of the implant deployment system. Deploying the implant may be manual. Deploying the implant may comprise distally advancing a head portion of a plunger. Deploying the implant may be mechanically assisted. The method may further comprise forming an incision proximate to the carpometacarpal joint. The method may further comprise moving the carpometacarpal bone to expose the carpometacarpal joint. The method may further comprise tamping a guide pin in the carpometacarpal bone. Tamping the guide pin may comprise using a placer. The placer may comprise one of the placers described above. The method may further comprise, before deploying the implant, removing the guide pin. The method may further comprise forming the recess in the carpometacarpal bone. Forming the recess in the carpometacarpal bone may comprise using a drill bit. Using the drill bit may comprise tracking the drill bit over a guide pin. The drill bit may comprise one of drill bits described above. The drill bit may comprise a flange. Forming the recess in the carpometacarpal bone may comprise abutting a surface of in the carpometacarpal bone with the flange. The method may further comprise measuring a depth of the recess in the carpometacarpal bone. Measuring the recess may comprise using an end of a placer comprising measurement bands. Measuring the recess may comprise comparing a feature of a surface of the carpometacarpal bone to the measurement bands. The feature of the surface of the carpometacarpal bone may comprise a peak. The feature of the surface of the carpometacarpal bone may comprise a trough. Measuring the recess may comprise comparing a lateral dimension of the recess in the carpometacarpal bone to a lateral dimension of a placer. The placer may comprise one of placers described above. The method may further comprise, after measuring the recess, increasing at least one of a depth and a diameter of the recess. The method may further comprise, after deploying the implant, moving the carpometacarpal bone to close the carpometacarpal joint.
The carpometacarpal bone may comprise the first metacarpal bone. The joint may comprises a surface of a trapezium. The upper surface of the implant may be contoured to abut the surface of the trapezium. An introducer of the implant deployment system may comprise alignment indicia. Aligning the implant deployment system may comprise aligning the alignment indicia with a surface feature of the carpometacarpal bone. The upper surface of the implant may comprise a first peak, a second peak, a first trough laterally between the first peak and the second peak, a second trough. The second trough may be laterally between the first peak and the second peak, the first peak may be laterally between the first trough and the second trough, and the second peak may be laterally between the first trough and the second trough. After deployment, the implant may be 1 mm to 3 mm proud. The implant deployment system may comprise an introducer comprising first alignment indicia and a plunger comprising second alignment indicia. Loading the implant may comprise aligning the contoured upper surface of the implant with at least one of the first alignment indicia and the second alignment indicia. The method may further comprise radially compressing the implant in the implant deployment system by distally urging the implant through a lumen of an introducer of the implant deployment system using a plunger of the implant deployment system. The method may further comprise tamping a guide pin in the carpometacarpal bone using a placer. The method may further comprise forming the recess in the carpometacarpal bone using a drill bit.
Certain features, aspects, and advantages of the disclosure are described with reference to drawings, which are intended to illustrate, but not to limit, the various inventions disclosed herein. It is to be understood that the attached drawings are for the purpose of illustrating concepts and embodiments of the disclosure and may not be to scale.
The discussion and the figures illustrated and referenced herein describe various embodiments of a cartilage implant, as well as various tools, systems, and methods related thereto. A number of these devices and associated treatment methods are particularly well suited to replace deteriorated or otherwise damaged cartilage within a joint. Such implants are configured to remain within the patient's joint on a long-term basis (e.g., for most or all of the life of the patient or subject), and, as such, are configured, in some embodiments, to replace native cartilage. In some embodiments, an implant is configured to be substantially non-biodegradable and/or non-erodable. In some embodiments, an implant is configured to remain within the patient's joint or other portion of the anatomy for a minimum of 10 years, up to 100 years (e.g., about 10 years, about 20 years, about 25 years, about 30 years, about 35 years, about 40 years, about 45 years, about 50 years, about 55 years, about 60 years, about 65 years, about 70 years, about 75 years, about 80 years, about 85 years, about 90 years, about 95 years, about 100 years, duration ranges between the foregoing values, etc.) without losing structural and/or physical properties and/or without losing ability to function as a cartilage replacement component or device. In some embodiments, an implant is configured to remain within the anatomy for greater than 100 years without losing structural and/or physical properties and/or without losing ability to function as a cartilage replacement component. Certain implants described herein can be used to treat osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, other inflammatory diseases, generalized joint pain, joints damaged in an accident, joints damaged while participating in athletics, joints damaged due to repetitive use, and/or other joint diseases. However, the various devices, systems, methods, and other features of the embodiments disclosed herein may be utilized or applied to other types of apparatuses, systems, procedures, and/or methods, including arrangements that have non-medical benefits or applications.
Certain embodiments described herein may be advantageous because they include one, several, or all of the following benefits: (i) improved treatment of the carpometacarpal joint; (ii) improved coupling of disparate implant materials; (iii) improved cavity wall apposition; (iv) improved implant site preparation tooling and/or systems; (v) improved implant site preparation methods; (vi) improved implant deployment tooling and/or systems; and/or (vii) improved implant deployment methods.
Thumb arthritis or basal joint arthritis can be caused by cartilage in the joint at the base of the thumb wearing out or being damaged. Thumb arthritis can cause debilitating hand pain, making simple tasks, such as turning door knobs, sink faucets, and other activities, difficult. Treatment has generally been limited to immobilization, pain relief medicaments, removal of the trapezium, and/or ligament reconstruction and tendon interposition (LRTI). While these treatments may reduce pain, they inhibit function of the thumb and the hand and may result in further or ongoing medicament use. Devices (e.g., implants), systems, kits, and methods described herein can provide a treatment for thumb arthritis that preserves the trapezium.
The hydrogel of the implant 100, as well as other implants disclosed herein, can comprise water, saline, other liquids, combinations thereof, and/or the like. In some embodiments, saline may be used instead of water, because, under certain circumstances, saline can help maintain osmotic balance with surrounding anatomical tissues following implantation. The exact composition of hydrogel in an implant 100 (e.g., PVA or other hydrogel materials, water, saline or other liquids, other additives, etc.) can be selected so as to provide the implant 100 with the desired or required strength, load bearing capacity, compressibility, flexibility, longevity, durability, resilience, coefficient of friction, and/or other properties and characteristics. In some embodiments, any hydrogel portion of the implants disclosed herein consist essentially of saline and PVA. In some embodiments, such hydrogel portions of the implants do not comprise any additional additives (e.g., growth factors, surface or other coatings, etc.). In addition, according to some embodiments, the hydrogel portions of any of the implant configurations disclosed herein comprise a consistent concentration (e.g., no concentration gradients), density, and/or other chemical and/or physical properties throughout.
In some embodiments, the implant 100, as well as other implants disclosed herein, is configured or adapted for drug delivery and/or is seeded with growth factors and/or cells. In some embodiments, the implant 100 comprises one or more of the following: chondrocytes, growth factors, bone morphogenetic proteins, collagen, hyaluronic acid, nucleic acids, and stem cells. Such factors and/or any other materials included in the implant 100 and selectively delivered to an implant site can help facilitate and/or promote the long-term fixation of the implant 100 at the joint or other target area of the anatomy.
In some embodiments, the hydrogel comprises PVA and/or any other polymeric material. In some embodiments, the content of PVA in the hydrogel is between about 35% and about 45% by weight (e.g., about 35%, about 36%, about 37%, about 38%, about 39%, about 40%, about 41%, about 42%, about 43%, about 44%, about 45%, ranges between such values, etc.). In some embodiments, the content of PVA in the hydrogel is greater than about 45% by weight (e.g., about 45%, about 50%, about 55%, about 60%, about 65%, about 70%, greater than about 70%, ranges between such values, etc.) or less than about 35% by weight (e.g., about 5%, about 10%, about 15%, about 20%, about 25%, about 30%, about 35%, ranges between such values, less than about 5%, etc.). In some embodiments, the content of PVA or other component in the hydrogel is about 40% by weight.
In some embodiments, the implant 100 is load bearing and generally non-biodegradable (e.g., non-bioerodible). In some embodiments, the implant 100 is configured or adapted for placement in at least one of a toe, finger, ankle, knee, shoulder, hip, or any other joint, preferably a carpometacarpal joint and more preferably between a first metacarpal bone and a trapezium. In some embodiments, a transition between the upper surface 102 and the sidewalls 106 is generally arcuate, curved, or otherwise smooth, for example compared to including an angle or corner. In some embodiments, such a transition can be non-curved or non-smooth, as desired or required.
In some embodiments, the implants disclosed herein are configured for anchoring during implantation. The implant can comprise one or more anchor sites (e.g., comprising non-hydrogel portions or tabs) to facilitate anchoring (e.g., suturing, stapling, etc.). In some embodiments, the implant is pre-coupled to one or more anchors. Such anchors can comprise removable and/or permanent fixtures. In some embodiments, the anchors are resorbable or otherwise dissolvable after implantation (e.g., following a particular time period, such as, for instance, 1-30 days, 2-30 weeks, 6-12 months, 1-5 years, greater than 5 years, less than 1 day, etc.). In some embodiments, the implant comprises at least one abrasive surface. In some embodiments, the implant comprises one or more adhesive components. In some embodiments, one or more implant surfaces can be configured to promote bone adhesion by one or more coatings, substances, and/or the like and/or by using an appropriate surface texture along the surface(s). For example, the implant surface can be roughened, can include pores (e.g., superficial pores), and/or can include any other feature, as desired or required.
In some embodiments, the implants disclosed herein are supported or reinforced by a rigid support frame, such as a ceramic, metallic, or other type (e.g., plastic, composite, etc.) of frame. In some embodiments, the implants disclosed herein are supported or reinforced by a flexible or rigid mesh structure. In some embodiments, the implants do not contain or are substantially free or free of any support or reinforcement structure.
Any of the implant embodiments disclosed herein, or equivalents thereof, can be manufactured using freeze/thaw cycling and/or any other production method. For example, a hydrogel formulation comprising water, saline, PVA (and/or other hydrogel materials), other polymeric materials, other additives, and/or the like can be heated and/or otherwise treated as part of a freeze/thaw manufacturing process.
In some embodiments, a hydrogel solution comprising saline and about 40% PVA by weight is heated to about 121° C. under elevated pressure conditions (e.g., to effect dissolution of the polymer). For example, such a solution can be autoclaved to facilitate complete or substantially complete dissolution of the PVA in the saline, water, and/or other liquid. Next, the temperature and/or pressure of the solution can be lowered to permit entrapped air and/or other gases to escape. In some embodiments, after the autoclaving or similar step, the solution is generally maintained at a temperature of approximately 95° C. and atmospheric pressure for a predetermined time period.
The solution can then be transferred (e.g., pumped, poured, etc.) into an open mold where, once set, the solution forms the desired shape of the implant. The mold can include a plurality of individual mold cavities, each of which is configured to receive a hydrogel solution to form an implant. The hydrogel solution may be configured to fill only a lower portion of a cavity of a mold, or the cavity can be filled with the hydrogel solution to a level above the lower portion of the cavity including an upper portion of the cavity. The cavity of the mold can be shaped, sized, and/or otherwise configured so that the implant formed therein comprises a desired configuration. Once the implant has been molded, the implant can be removed from the mold. The implant can be removed either after initial formation or after undergoing additional treatment (e.g., freeze/thaw cycling, other heat and/or pressure treatment, etc.). The implant may be cut, altered, or otherwise processed. For example, a portion of the implant formed in an upper portion of the cavity may be excised and discarded as part of a subsequent reshaping step.
Due in part to the remaining production steps, accommodation of any changes in size (e.g., expansion, contraction, etc.) that may occur or are likely to occur to the implants can be considered during manufacturing by properly sizing and otherwise designing the mold. The amount of contraction or expansion of the implant can be based on one or more factors or conditions, such as, for example, the number of freeze/thaw cycles to which the implant is subjected, the temperature and/or pressure ranges associated with the remaining steps, and/or the like.
In some embodiments, the implant can be formed, at least in part, using an injection molding process and/or any other molding or casting procedure. In such injection or transfer molding techniques, once the hydrogel or other implant solution has been prepared, the solution can be loaded into an injection cylinder or other container of a molding press. The solution can then be forcibly transferred into a closed mold assembly using a pneumatic or hydraulic ram or any other electromechanical device, system, and/or method. In some embodiments, the hydrogel and/or other solution or implant component is injected into a corresponding closed mold assembly through a standard runner and gate system. Injection molding of implants can provide one or more benefits relative to open mold assemblies. For example, an implant formed using an injection molding technique may be substantially free of or free of additional cutting, reshaping, resizing, and/or processing, due to being in essentially a final shape after completion of injection molding.
Regardless of how the implant is molded or otherwise shaped or manufactured, the implant can be subsequently subjected to one or more freeze/thaw cycles, as desired or required. In some embodiments, an implant in a mold cavity is cooled using a total of four freeze/thaw cycles in which the temperature is sequentially varied between about −20° C. and about 20° C. In some embodiments, the number of freeze/thaw cycles, the temperature fluctuation, and/or other details can be different than disclosed herein, in accordance with a specific production protocol and/or implant design.
Following freeze/thaw cycling, the implant can be at least partially removed (e.g., including fully removed) from the mold and placed in one or more saline and/or other fluid (e.g., other liquid) baths where the implant can be subjected to additional cooling and/or other treatment procedures (e.g., to further stabilize the physical properties of the implant). In some embodiments, the implant undergoes an additional eight freeze/thaw cycles while in saline. In some embodiments, such follow-up cooling procedures can be either different (e.g., more or fewer freeze/thaw cycles, different type of bath, etc.) or altogether eliminated from the production process, as desired or required.
When the cooling (e.g., freeze/thaw cycling) and/or other manufacturing processes have been completed, the implants can be inspected for any manufacturing flaws or other defects. At least some of the implants can be subjected to selective testing for physical and other characteristics, in accordance with the original design goals and/or target parameters. The implant may be cut or otherwise processed to remove any excess portions (e.g., flash). In some embodiments, one or more completed implant(s) is packaged in hermetically sealed plastic trays or other containers comprising foil or other types of lids or covering members. A volume of saline and/or other liquid can be included within such trays or other containers to provide hydration of the implant(s) during storage and/or any other steps preceding use. In some embodiments, the implant tray or other container is terminally sterilized using e-beam exposure between about 25 kilogray (kGy) and about 40 kGy.
Additional details related to implants comprising hydrogels, including methods of manufacturing and use, can be found in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,981,826, 6,231,605, and PCT Patent Application Publication No. WO 2012/162552, each of which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety for all purposes.
In some embodiments, the implant 100 has a lateral dimension (e.g., diameter) between about 4 mm and about 8 mm (e.g., about 4 mm, about 5 mm, about 6 mm, about 7 mm, about 8 mm, ranges between such values, etc.), as measured in an uncompressed state. Lateral dimensions smaller than about 4 mm (e.g., between about 2 mm and about 4 mm) and larger than about 8 mm (e.g., between about 8 mm and about 10 mm) are also possible for use in subjects with small or large bones, respectively.
In some embodiments, the implant 100 comprises, or alternatively consists essentially of, or alternatively consists of, a top or upper surface 102, a bottom or lower surface 104 generally opposite the upper surface 102, and a hydrogel body between the upper surface 102 and the lower surface 104. In some embodiments, the implant 100 comprises a hydrogel (e.g., PVA) implant 100 or any other type of substrate-based implant 100. In some embodiments, the implant 100 is capable of being used and/or is configured to be used in a joint treatment method as disclosed herein, modifications thereof, and/or other methods. In some embodiments, sidewalls 106 generally extend between the upper surface 102 and the lower surface 104. In some embodiments, the implant 100 is configured for placement in an implant site having a corresponding recess.
In some embodiments, the overall height (e.g., between the top surface 102 and the bottom surface 104) of the implant 100 is between about 4 mm and about 8 mm (e.g., about 4 mm, about 5 mm, about 6 mm, about 7 mm, about 8 mm, ranges between such values, etc.), as measured in an uncompressed state. Heights smaller than about 4 mm (e.g., between about 2 mm and about 4 mm) and larger than about 8 mm (e.g., between about 8 mm and about 10 mm) are also possible for use in subjects with small or large bones, respectively.
The upper surface 102 may be configured to form an articulation surface when the implant 100 is implanted in a joint. As shown, the upper surface 102 can comprise a contour configured to correspond to contours of a lower surface of a first metacarpal bone (facing the trapezium) and/or an upper surface of a trapezium (facing the first metacarpal bone). In some embodiments, the upper surface 102 has a saddle shape comprising peaks 118a, 118b and troughs 120a, 120b. The contours of the upper surface 102 are illustrated by line contours in
The upper surface 102 comprises, or alternatively consists essentially of, or alternatively consists of, a saddle shape including a first peak 118a, a second peak 118b, a first trough 120a laterally between the first peak 118a and the second peak 118b, and a second trough 120b laterally between the first peak 118a and the second peak 118b. The first peak 118a is laterally between the first trough 120a and the second trough 120b. The second peak 118b is laterally between the first trough 120a and the second trough 120b. In some embodiments, a distance between the first peak 118a and/or the second peak 118b and the lower surface 104 is between about 10% and about 20% greater than a distance between at least one of the first trough 120a and the second trough 120b and the lower surface 104. One or both of the peaks 118a, 118b may be between about 1 mm and about 1.5 mm (e.g., about 1 mm, about 1.1 mm, about 1.2 mm, about 1.3 mm, about 1.4 mm, about 1.5 mm, ranges between such values, etc.) higher than one or both of the troughs 120a, 120b.
Although the implant 100 is illustrated as a substantially cylindrical plug or shape, other shapes of the implant 100 are also possible. For example, an upper surface 102 and/or the lower surface 104 may be contoured to abut particular anatomy (e.g., planar (e.g., flat), non-planar (e.g., curved, concave, convex, undulating, fluted)) and/or modified anatomy (e.g., a recess formed in a bone). The implant 100 can include a generally circular or oval cross-sectional shape. In some embodiments, the implant 100 is generally shaped like a cylinder. The overall shape of any of the implants disclosed herein can vary depending on the specific application or use. For example, the shape of at least part of the implant 100 can be generally polygonal (e.g., rectangular, round, hexagonal), irregular, and/or the like.
In some embodiments, the implant 100 lacks, is devoid of, is substantially free of, etc. attachment tabs or other features configured to fix the implant 100 in place. For example, the implant 100 may maintain position by being slightly oversized with respect to a cavity in which a portion of the implant 100 is positioned.
In some embodiments, the implant 100 lacks, is devoid of, is substantially free of, etc. surface contours on the bottom surface 104. For example, the implant 100 may lack configuration to be placed between a first metacarpal bone and a trapezium without forming a cavity in the first metacarpal bone.
In some embodiments, the implant 100 lacks, is devoid of, is substantially free of, etc. an upper surface 102 configured to replace a bone or an end of a bone. For example, the implant 100 may be configured to replace part of an end surface of a bone (e.g., a central portion, a bearing surface, etc.), but not to replace the entire bone and/or the end surface.
In some embodiments, the placer 200 includes a lumen 208 in the body 206 between the first end 202 and the second end 204. The lumen 208 is configured to accept a guide pin therethrough, for example as described with respect to
The placer 200 may comprise, for example proximate to the second end 204, a plurality of arcuate bands 210a, 210b, 210c, 210d, 210e that can be used to measure depth of a cavity, for example a cavity resulting from drilling into bone. In some embodiments, the band 210a may correspond to a depth from the second end 204 of about 6 mm, the band 210a may correspond to a depth from the second end 204 of about 6 mm, the band 210b may correspond to a depth from the second end 204 of about 7 mm, the band 210c may correspond to a depth from the second end 204 of about 8 mm, the band 210d may correspond to a depth from the second end 204 of about 9 mm, and the band 210e may correspond to a depth from the second end 204 of about 10 mm, the bands 210a, 210b, 210c, 210d, 210e being spaced by about 1 mm. The bands 210a, 210b, 210c, 210d, 210e may be spaced by about 0.1 mm, about 0.2 mm, about 0.3 mm, about 0.4 mm, about 0.5 mm, about 0.6 mm, about 0.7 mm, about 0.8 mm, about 0.9 mm, about 1 mm, about 1.1 mm, about 1.2 mm, about 1.3 mm, about 1.4 mm, about 1.5 mm, about 1.6 mm, about 1.7 mm, about 1.8 mm, about 1.9 mm, about 2 mm, greater than about 2 mm, combinations thereof, and the like. The plurality of bands may comprise between four bands and six bands (e.g., four, five, six, ranges between such values, etc.). More bands (e.g., between six bands and ten bands) or fewer bands (e.g., between one band and four bands) are also possible. For example, the bands may start closer to the second end 204 (e.g., about 0.1 mm, about 0.5 mm, about 1 mm, etc. from the second end 204). The bands may be fully arcuate (e.g., extending around part of the circumference of the body 206) and/or partially arcuate (e.g., extending around part of the circumference of the body 206). The bands may each be the same or may be different from each other. The bands may be used to measure a depth of a drilled hole in a bone, for example as described in further detail with respect to
The placer 200 may comprise the features described herein with respect to one or both of the first end 202 (e.g., a saddle shape) and the second end 204 (e.g., measurement bands). In some embodiments, a first tool can include the features of the first end 202 and a second, separate, tool can include the features of the second end 204.
In some embodiments, the body 306 of the drill bit 300 includes a generally cylindrical distal section 306a and a polygonal proximal section 306b. The cylindrical distal section 306a may provide strength to the drill bit 300 and/or reduce eccentricity during drill rotation. The polygonal proximal section 306b is sized, shaped, and otherwise configured to selectively mate with a corresponding portion of a bone drill (not shown). In some arrangements, the proximal section 306b comprises a generally triangular cross-sectional area, but other shapes, sizes, and/or other details of the proximal section 306b can vary. Other shapes of the body 306, including the distal section 306a and/or the proximal section 306b, are also possible. Bone drills with which the drill bit 300 or variations thereof can be coupled may be manually operated and/or power driven (e.g., mechanically, pneumatically, hydraulically, etc.).
The distal end 302 of the drill bit 300 can include a flange 312 and one or more abrading members or blades or cutters 310a, 310b, 310c extending distally from the flange 312. As best illustrated in
In some embodiments, the drill bit 300 comprises a lumen 308 extending (e.g., longitudinally) through the drill bit 300. For example, as illustrated in
As the drill bit 300 is rotated (e.g., either manually or using one or more external driving sources, etc.), sharp edges formed along the distal and/or peripheral portions of the cutters 310a, 310b, 310c can abrade and remove cartilage, bone, and/or other tissue. In some embodiments, the longitudinal distance between the distal face of the flange 312 and the distal ends of the cutters 310a, 310b, 310c can limit the depth of the recess or opening that is created by the drill bit 300. Peripheral surfaces of the cutters 310a, 310b, 310c can define a diameter φc (
As the drill bit 300 is rotated and advanced into a targeted region of the patient's anatomy, abraded bone, cartilage and/or other tissue, and/or other debris is created at or near the distal end 302. To permit such debris to be removed from the treatment site, the flange 312 can include one or more openings, for example in the form of through holes, channels, edge features, etc. Abraded materials can stay clear of and not interfere with the working end of the drill bit 300, allowing the cutters 310a, 310b, 310c to continue to function normally. Once the distal face of the flange 312 abuts the top surface of the bone being drilled, further advancement of the drill bit 300 can be inhibited or prevented. Resistance to further advancement can alert the clinician that an implant site having the desired depth and diameter has been properly created.
The cutters 310a, 310b, 310c can be joined along a hub 314 along or near the center of the distal face of the flange 312. As shown, the cutters 310a, 310b, 310c can extend at least radially outwardly from the hub 314, toward the outer periphery of the flange 312. The radial length of the cutters 310a, 310b, 310c can help determine a diameter of a recess or opening created by the drill bit 300. In embodiments in which peripheral edges of the cutters 310a, 310b, 310c are generally vertically oriented (e.g., as illustrated in
In some embodiments, the introducer 400 comprises alignment indicia 416 configured to align an implant having a contoured surface (e.g., a contoured upper surface) before and/or during deployment. As described with respect to
In some embodiments, the introducer 400 comprises a viewing window that permits an implant to be viewed as it is advanced through the introducer 400, for example prior to and/or during deployment. The viewing window can be separate or integrated as part of the alignment indicia 416. For example, the alignment indicia 416 may comprise ink, etching, and/or windows (e.g., comprising unfilled slits and/or a biologically compatible non-opaque or at least partially optically transparent material).
In some embodiments, the inner diameter, length, other dimension, and/or other details or properties of the introducer 400, including a flared shape 414, a generally cylindrical interior portion, a neck portion 410, and/or the like can be different than shown and described herein. For example, the flared shape 414 can extend along more, or even all or substantially all, of the length of the lumen 408. For another example, the interior surface of the body 406 may be at least partially non-linear (e.g., curved, rounded, irregular, etc.), in addition to or in lieu of any generally linear and/or constant portions, as desired or required.
In some embodiments, the longitudinal axis of the introducer 400 (and the longitudinal axis along which the implant is advanced through the introducer 400) is substantially perpendicular or perpendicular with or at another desired angle to the surface of the bone or other anatomical site (e.g., bottom of the recess) into which the implant will be delivered and/or the distal end 402 or a portion thereof is substantially parallel or parallel to a longitudinal axis of the bone or other anatomical structure (e.g., longitudinal axis of the recess).
In some embodiments, at least a portion of the interior of the introducer 400 comprises and/or is coated or lined with one or more absorbable or lubricious layers, materials, and/or other substances. Such materials can help preserve a moisture level of the implant during deployment. The interior surface of the introducer 400 can comprise a low coefficient of friction to facilitate the delivery of an implant through the lumen 408. In some embodiments, reducing an effective coefficient of friction along the interior of the introducer 400 can comprise polishing the interior surfaces of the introducer 400. The introducer 400, including interior surfaces, can comprise stainless steel (e.g., surgical grade stainless steel), titanium, other metals and/or alloys, plastic, combinations thereof, and/or the like.
The distal end 502 has a saddle shape comprising peaks 518a, 518b and troughs 520a, 520b. The contours of the distal end 502 are of the plunger 500 may be modified to match a specific anatomy (e.g., a surface (e.g., inferior surface) of a trapezium). The body 506 may comprise a substantially cylindrical body having threads or other coupling mechanisms for coupling to a modular distal end 502 (e.g., for different anatomies). In some embodiments, a modular distal end can be used as the distal end 202 of the spacer 200 and the distal end 502 of the plunger 500. As described with respect to
The proximal end 504 of the plunger 500 may comprise an enlarged head portion 512. In some embodiments, the head portion 512 is in a T-shape (e.g., as illustrated in
In some embodiments, the body 506 may be the same as the body 206, and modular first or distal ends 202, 502 and/or second or proximal ends 204, 504 may be coupled for use as a spacer or a head portion. For example, a body can be coupled to a modular distal end and first modular proximal end for use as a spacer, after which the first modular proximal end can be exchanged with a second modular proximal end for use as a plunger. The bands for a spacer and the indicia for a plunger may be integrated with each other on the body, the bands may be part of a modular proximal end, and/or the indicia may be part of a modular distal end. Such embodiments can reduce costs (e.g., because the same body is used for the spacer and the plunger and/or provide better alignment (e.g., because the same modular distal end is used to guide the drill bit and to deploy the implant). If the modular distal end of the plunger does not correspond to the proximal end of the implant, that could indicate a problem with the modular distal end and/or the implant, which could inhibit or prevent placement of improper implants that may be difficult to remove once deployed.
In some embodiments, the plunger 500 includes a motion limiter or depth stop. The motion limiter can comprise one or more knobs, protrusion members, and/or other features that generally extend outwardly from the body 506 and/or the head portion 512. In some embodiments, a motion limiter is configured to slide in a portion of the lumen 408 of the introducer 400 (e.g., in the flared shape 414 but not distal thereto). A motion limiter can help inhibit or prevent distal movement of the plunger 500 relative to the introducer 400 (e.g., when the motion limiter contacts or abuts a surface of the introducer 400). A motion limited can help inhibit or prevent rotation of the plunger 500 relative to the introducer 400 during use, which can aid in proper alignment and positioning of the implant during deployment.
The body 506 of the plunger 500 can comprise a generally cylindrical shape configured to fit through the lumen 408 of the introducer 400 (e.g., including distal to the flared shape 414). The body 506 can have a lateral dimension (e.g., diameter) that is slightly smaller than a smallest lateral dimension (e.g., diameter) of the lumen 408 of the introducer 400. As discussed in greater detail herein, by actuating the deployment device, a clinician, surgeon, or other user can selectively move the plunger 500 within an interior portion of the introducer 400 in order to urge an implant (e.g., the implant 100) through the distal end 402 of the introducer 400 and in a targeted implant site. Other shapes of the body 506 are also possible (e.g., having an elliptical cross-section, having a polygonal cross-section, etc.). The body 506 may be hollow (e.g., to reduce weight or material used, if the same as the body 206), solid (e.g., to increase strength or rigidity), and the like.
In some embodiments, the deployment system or delivery device comprises and/or is operatively coupled to one or more pressure gauges or other pressure or force measuring devices, members, and/or features. Such gauges or other measurement devices can help ensure that a certain (e.g., maximum or threshold) backpressure or force is not exceeded when operating the device, which can help protect the integrity of an implant being deployed (e.g., to maintain the structural integrity, water composition, and/or other properties of the implant), protect the delivery device, protect the user and/or the subject, and/or provide one or more other advantages or benefits.
The components of the delivery device can comprise one or more rigid and/or semi-rigid materials configured to withstand the forces, moments, chemicals, and/or other substances, temperature fluctuations, and/or other elements to which they may be exposed. For example, the components of the implant delivery device can comprise one or more metals (e.g., stainless steel, surgical stainless steel, other types of steel, etc.), alloys, plastics, combinations thereof, and/or the like. Such materials can permit the device to be autoclaved, sterilized, or otherwise cleaned during a specific disinfection protocol. The structural and other physical characteristics of the device can permit the user to exert appropriate forces to deliver implants of various sizes, shapes, and/or configurations through the introducer and in a target implant site of a subject.
In some embodiments, a kit comprises at least two of the placer, drill bit, introducer, plunger, and guide pin. For example, the kit may comprise the placer and drill bit; the placer and introducer; the placer and plunger; the placer and guide pin; the placer, drill bit, and introducer; the placer, drill bit, and plunger; the placer, drill bit, and guide pin; the placer, drill bit, introducer, and plunger; the placer, drill bit, introducer, and guide pin; the placer, drill bit, plunger, and guide pin; the drill bit and introducer; the drill bit and plunger; the drill bit and guide pin; the drill bit, introducer, and plunger; the drill bit, introducer, and guide pin; the drill bit, plunger, and guide pin; the drill bit, introducer, plunger, and guide pin; the introducer and plunger; the introducer and guide pin; the introducer, plunger, and guide pin; the plunger and guide pin; the placer, drill bit, introducer, plunger, and guide pin; and any other permutations of tools described herein, modifications thereof, and the like. In certain such embodiments, the kit may comprise the implant or a plurality of implants (e.g., having different dimensions). The kit may comprise a packaging in which the components are sterilized.
In some embodiments, the kit comprises at least two of means for placing an implant (e.g., the placer), means for forming a cavity (e.g., the drill bit), and means for deploying an implant (e.g., comprising the introducer and/or the plunger). In some embodiments, the kit further comprises means for treating a joint (e.g., the implant).
In some embodiments, the kit comprises a body having a proximal end and a distal end. The distal end of the body comprises a coupling feature (e.g., threads). The kit further comprises at least one modular distal end comprising a coupling feature (e.g., threads) complementary to the coupling feature of the distal end of the body. In some embodiments, a distal surface of the modular distal end comprises a saddle shape configured to correspond to a surface of an implant. The proximal end of the body comprises a coupling feature (e.g., threads). The kit further comprises at least one modular proximal end comprising a coupling feature (e.g., threads) complementary to the coupling feature of the proximal end of the body. In some embodiments, the kit comprises a plurality of modular proximal ends. For example, a first modular proximal end may comprise a substantially flat surface and depth bands and a second modular proximal end may comprise a T-shaped handle and implant alignment indicia.
In
As shown in
In
In some embodiments, a guide pin 22 is advanced through the lumen 208 of the placer 200 and positioned in or “tamped” at least partially in the first metacarpal bone 16.
In some embodiments, the lateral dimension (e.g., diameter) of the cavity 24 is smaller than the lateral dimension (e.g., diameter) of the implant 100, which may flex radially inwardly. Although illustrated as a cylindrical hole 24, other shapes are also possible (e.g., trapezoidal tapering inwards towards the upper surface). In some embodiments, a lateral dimension and/or cross-sectional area of the cavity 24 is about 5% to about 15% (e.g., about 5%, about 6%, about 7%, about 8%, about 9%, about 10%, about 11%, about 12%, about 13%, about 14%, about 15%, ranges between such values, etc.) narrower or otherwise smaller than the lateral dimension and/or cross-sectional area of the implant 100. The cavity 24 may be coated or otherwise treated prior to positioning of the implant 100.
In
In
In
Although several embodiments and examples are disclosed herein, the present application extends beyond the specifically disclosed embodiments to other alternative embodiments and/or uses of the various inventions and modifications, and/or equivalents thereof. It is also contemplated that various combinations or subcombinations of the specific features and aspects of the embodiments may be made and still fall within the scope of the inventions. Accordingly, various features and aspects of the disclosed embodiments can be combined with or substituted for one another in order to form varying modes of the disclosed inventions. Thus, the scope of the various inventions disclosed herein should not be limited by any particular embodiments described above. While the embodiments disclosed herein are susceptible to various modifications, and alternative forms, specific examples thereof have been shown in the drawings and are described in detail herein. However, the inventions of the present application are not limited to the particular forms or methods disclosed, but, to the contrary, cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the various embodiments described and the appended claims. Further, the disclosure herein of any particular feature, aspect, method, property, characteristic, quality, attribute, element and/or the like in connection with an implementation or embodiment can be used in all other implementations or embodiments set forth herein.
In any methods disclosed herein, the acts or operations can be performed in any suitable sequence and are not necessarily limited to any particular disclosed sequence and not be performed in the order recited. Various operations can be described as multiple discrete operations in turn, in a manner that can be helpful in understanding certain embodiments; however, the order of description should not be construed to imply that these operations are order dependent. Additionally, any structures described herein can be embodied as integrated components or as separate components. For purposes of comparing various embodiments, certain aspects and advantages of these embodiments are described. Not necessarily all such aspects or advantages are achieved by any particular embodiment. Thus, for example, embodiments can be carried out in a manner that achieves or optimizes one advantage or group of advantages without necessarily achieving other advantages or groups of advantages.
The methods disclosed herein include certain actions taken by a practitioner; however, they can also include any third-party instruction of those actions, either expressly or by implication. For example, actions such as “deploying an implant” include “instructing deployment of an implant.” The ranges disclosed herein also encompass any and all overlap, sub-ranges, and combinations thereof. Language such as “up to,” “at least,” “greater than,” “less than,” “between,” and the like includes the number recited. Numbers preceded by a term such as “about” or “approximately” include the recited numbers and should be interpreted based on the circumstances (e.g., as accurate as reasonably possible under the circumstances, for example ±5%, ±10%, ±15%, etc.). For example, “about 1 mm” includes “1 mm.” Phrases preceded by a term such as “substantially” include the recited phrase and should be interpreted based on the circumstances (e.g., as much as reasonably possible under the circumstances). For example, “substantially rigid” includes “rigid,” and “substantially parallel” includes “parallel.”
The present application claims priority benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent App. No. 62/141,186, filed on Mar. 31, 2015.
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