1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to cast metal parts, and more particularly, the present invention relates to applying a cosmetic metal to a cast metal part so that the resulting cast metal part is a monolithic structure having a surface formed of the cosmetic metal.
2. Background Art
Many products in the commercial and consumer industries are metal articles, or contain metal parts. The metal surfaces of these products may be treated by any number of processes to alter the surface to create a desired effect, either functional, cosmetic, or both. One example of such a surface treatment is anodization. Anodizing a metal surface converts a portion of the metal surface into a metal oxide, thereby creating a metal oxide layer. Anodized metal surfaces provide increased corrosion resistance and wear resistance. Such characteristics are important to consumers because they want to purchase products that have surfaces that will stand up to normal wear and tear of everyday use and continue to look brand new. Anodized metal surfaces may also be used in obtaining a cosmetic effect, such as utilizing the porous nature of the metal oxide layer created by anodization for absorbing dyes to impart a color to the anodized metal surface.
Casting metals (e.g., die casting, permanent mold casting, sand casting, and investment casting) is a popular method of manufacturing metal parts or articles. Die cast metals are among the highest volume metal products made in the metalworking industry. Die casting is well suited for low cost manufacture of large quantities of relatively small articles, and can provide near net shape parts that do not require extensive finishing to obtain the shape of the final end product. Die casting involves injecting molten metal into metal molds under high pressure. Die cast metal parts typically weighing up to about 5 kg are common, though larger parts can also be produced by die casting. However, die cast metals, and cast metals made by other casting operations, can have a high porosity due to air entrapment and shrinkage during the casting process. Typically, alloys of aluminum are used as the casting metal, such as aluminum-silicon alloys and aluminum-silicon-copper alloys. The silicon content in casting alloys is typically higher than the amounts in most wrought alloys. Silicon increases the melt fluidity, reducing cracking and improving feeding to minimize shrinkage porosity. The porosity and high content of silicone in cast metals, especially die cast metals, make the surface of cast metals undesirable for cosmetic anodization surface treatments. This is because the porous surface of the cast metal tends to streak due to silicone leaching from the alloy metal.
Accordingly, there is a need for new ways for producing cast metal parts or articles, including cast metal parts or articles with cosmetic surfaces to provide the cast articles with an aesthetic appearance. The present application satisfies these and other needs, and provides further related advantages, as will be made apparent by the description of the embodiments that follow.
A cast metal part or article can have another metal applied the surface of the cast metal. The metal applied to the surface of the cast metal can be a cosmetic metal veneer with different properties from the cast metal whereby the cast metal part is imparted with the properties of the cosmetic metal. Surface treatments such as anodization can be successfully applied to the metal veneer to achieve a desired aesthetic appearance that may not be obtained if the same surface treatment were applied to a cast metal surface. The metal veneer can also provide the cast metal part with a surface that can have improved or desired functional properties that may be lacking in the underlying cast metal. For example, anodized metal surfaces can provide increased corrosion resistance and wear resistance, and can also provide a porous substrate conducive to absorbing dyes to impart a color to the anodized metal surface.
Cast metal parts or articles can also be made to have other substances embedded therein, such as electronics and reinforcement materials including carbon fiber in the form of fillers, wovens or nonwovens, for example.
Applications of such cast metal parts or articles can include electronic components and enclosures, household appliances and cookware, automotive or motor parts, conveyer parts, aircraft and marine hardware, and athletic equipment, for example.
In broad terms, a cast metal part with a cosmetic surface can be created by applying a veneer made of a cosmetic metal to the surface of the underlying cast metal. In one embodiment of a method according to the present invention, the veneer of cosmetic metal can be applied to the surface of the cast metal part during casting of the metal part. The veneer can be placed into a casting mold used for forming the cast metal part, and molten metal can be cast onto the veneer in the casting mold. In another embodiment of a method according to the present invention, the veneer of cosmetic metal can be welded to the surface of the cast metal part, such as by solid-state welding (e.g., diffusion bonding) the veneer and the cast metal part together.
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated herein and form a part of the specification, illustrate the present invention by way of example, and not by way of limitation. The drawings together with the description, further serve to explain the principles of the invention and to enable a person skilled in the pertinent art to make and use the invention.
The present application will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which like reference numerals refer to similar elements. While specific configurations and arrangements are discussed, it should be understood that this is done for illustrative purposes only. A person skilled in the pertinent art will recognize that other configurations and arrangements can be used without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. It will be apparent to a person skilled in the pertinent art that this invention can also be employed in a variety of other applications. Moreover, for brevity, “metal part” is used throughout the present application interchangeably with “metal article”, and as used herein “metal part” should be considered synonymous with “metal article”, and can refer to stand alone articles and/or metal parts thereof.
A cast metal part can have another metal applied the surface of the cast metal. The metal applied to the surface of the cast metal can be a cosmetic metal veneer to impart the cast metal part with a cosmetic veneer surface and/or the functional properties of the metal veneer. Surface treatments such as anodization can be successfully applied to the metal veneer to achieve a desired aesthetic appearance. Cast metal parts can also be made to have other substances embedded therein, such as electronics and reinforcement materials including carbon fiber in the form of fillers, wovens or nonwovens, for example.
The veneer can be made of any metal or alloy thereof, but preferably is made of a highly cosmetic metal, for example, cosmetic aluminum, brass or copper. In some embodiments, the veneer is made from a thin gauge metal sheet. The thickness of the veneer can be selected as needed for the application, and preferably is not be too thin that it warps when applied to the cast metal, or that the anodized layer, if provided, does not penetrate through the veneer to the underlying cast metal. In some embodiments, the thickness of the veneer can range from about 0.1 mm to about 5 mm, from about 0.15 mm to about 0.25 mm in other embodiments, from about 0.15 mm to about 1 mm in other embodiments, and from about 0.5 mm to about 1 mm in other embodiments. In some embodiments, the veneer can be thin gauge highly cosmetic aluminum and can have a thickness in the range of about 0.15 mm to about 2 mm.
The cast metal part can be made of any castable metal and by any of the casting operations known to one of skill in the art. Castable metals are typically non-ferrous casting metal alloys, though ferrous metals may also be used. Exemplary castable metals include zinc, copper (brass), aluminum, magnesium, lead, pewter and tin based alloys. Casting operations for making the cast metal part can include, for example, die casting, permanent mold casting, sand casting, plaster casting, investment casting, continuous casting, lost-foam casting, centrifugal casting, hot isostatic pressing, and combinations thereof or other hybrid processes thereof. The particular casting metal alloy may be chosen based on the casting operation used, the desired end use of the cast metal part, desired tolerances and wall thinness, as well as feasibility, cost and quality factors. In some embodiments, the method of
In some embodiments, cast metal parts are made of magnesium, zinc or aluminum alloys as the casting alloy, and in some embodiments, the cast metal parts are die-cast parts. Die casting involves injecting molten metal into metal molds under high pressure, typically in the range of from about 1,450 psi to about 30,500 psi. Popular cast aluminum alloys are aluminum-silicon-copper alloys, among others. For example, AA380 aluminum alloy is a commonly used alloy having about 8.5% silicone and about 3.5% copper. The silicon increases melt fluidity and reduces machinability, and copper increases hardness and reduces the ductility. Compared to the other popular casting methods, particularly sand casting and permanent mold casting, die casting can produce parts with thinner walls, more uniform parts with closer dimensional accuracy (as good as about 0.2% of casting dimension, for example) and smoother surfaces, and die casting can offer low cost, rapid manufacture of near net shape parts, reducing finishing and post-machining costs to bring dimensions to size. A cold chamber or hot chamber die casting operation can be used to make die-cast parts, depending on the casting alloy being used, as known to one of skill in the art. For example, cold chamber casting machines are typically used for alloys of aluminum and other alloys with high melting points, whereas hot chamber machines are used primarily for zinc, copper, magnesium, lead and other low melting point alloys. For example, aluminum alloys can be cast at temperature of about 650° C., and zinc can be cast at a temperature of about 425° C.
In one embodiment, steps 10 and 20 of the method of
In some embodiments, the removed cast metal part is a near net shape part. To the extent further finishing or dimensioning of the cast metal part is needed or desired, the method can further include a step 32 of removing excess material such as flash from the cast metal part. This step can include, for example, deflashing and/or machining to remove any further excess material or otherwise bring the part's dimensions to size.
In some embodiments, the method can include an intermediate step 24 of preheating the casting mold with the veneer insert prior to casting the molten metal of step 26. This preheating step can provide better adhesion between the veneer insert and the molten metal that is injected into the casting mold in step 26. Without wishing to be bound by any particular theory, it is believed that molten metal can cause localized deformation at the surface of the veneer insert contacted by the molten metal, whereby the casting metal bonds with the veneer insert.
To ensure that the overall integrity of the veneer insert is maintained throughout the casting operation, the metal of the veneer insert can have properties (e.g., thickness and melting point) to withstand the temperatures and pressures of the particular casting operation. For example, preferably, the veneer should not melt, warp, or bond to the mold during the casting operation. Moreover, as further described below with reference to
As described above with respect to the embodiment of
After the necessary cooling and forming time, the cast metal part can be removed from the mold.
In some embodiments, veneer 58 can be solid-state welded to the underlying cast metal. An exemplary method for producing a cast metal part with a cosmetic surface by diffusion bonding a veneer of cosmetic metal to cast metal will be described with reference to
As illustrated in
Since diffusion bonding involves the migration of atoms across the faying surfaces, it is important that the opposing faying surfaces are sufficiently close that interdiffusion can result in bond formation. Thus, the faying surfaces are prepared for diffusion bonding so that interdiffusion can result and/or bond strength can be improved. For example, faying surface preparation can include cleaning, flattening and/or polishing the surfaces, and removing or minimizing oxide layers on the faying surfaces, which can affect the ease of diffusion bonding. Filler metal may or may not be used between the faying surfaces, and if used can be in the form of electroplated surfaces. For example, for joining aluminum alloys, insertion of a thin copper or zinc interlayer may be used. For diffusion bonding, a vacuum or an inert atmosphere may not be required, but can be advantageous for reducing detrimental oxidation of the faying surfaces. Diffusion bonding is typically easier for bonding planar surfaces, and can increase in complexity for 3-D bonds.
In some embodiments according to the present application, solid-state welding processes other than diffusion bonding may be used for bonding veneer 58 to cast metal part 92, such as cold welding, friction welding or ultrasonic welding or other solid state welding processes as known to one skilled in the art.
Applications of cast metal parts produced according to the methods described herein can include electronic components and enclosures, household appliances and cookware, automotive or motor parts, conveyer parts, aircraft and marine hardware, and athletic equipment, for example.
The foregoing description of the specific embodiments will so fully reveal the general nature of the invention that others can, by applying knowledge within the skill of the art, readily modify and/or adapt for various applications such specific embodiments, without undue experimentation, without departing from the general concept of the present invention.
Therefore, such adaptations and modifications are intended to be within the meaning and range of equivalents of the disclosed embodiments, based on the teaching and guidance presented herein.
For example, using the methods described herein, cast metal parts can also be made to have other substances embedded therein, such as electronic parts and reinforcement materials including carbon fiber in the form of fillers, wovens or nonwovens, for example. Such foreign substances can be imbedded in the cast metal during the casting operation, for example, by placing the substances in the casting mold and then casting the molten metal around the substances. For example, in one embodiment, a surface of the mold chamber can be lined with a carbon fiber net, and the molten metal can then be injected into the mold chamber, whereby the net can become embedded in the cast metal part. Also, in some embodiments, any combinations of the methods herein may be used. For example, a metal veneer may be diffusion bonded on a cast metal part, and the resulting part placed in a mold with a veneer insert therein for casting of molten metal onto the resulting part and the veneer insert. In addition, the methods of the present invention can be used multiples times on the same cast metal part to provide a multiples layers of cast metal and metal veneer (with a layer of veneer then becoming embedded in cast metal). Each layer of metal veneer and cast metal can be the same or different from another layer of metal veneer and cast metal.
In some embodiments, methods according to the present invention can include producing a cast metal part having different metal veneers on different portions of the cast metal part. Further, for example, in some embodiments, a method can including casting a molten metal onto a first veneer in a casting mold and then placing the resulting cast metal part in a mold having a second veneer insert therein, and then casting of additional molten metal onto the resulting cast metal part and the second veneer insert. In some embodiments, methods can include producing a cast metal part having more than one layer of metal veneer on the underlying cast metal. In some embodiments, the cast metal part may be entirely encased in metal veneer, and in other embodiments, only a portion of the cast metal part has a veneer surface.
It is to be understood that the phraseology or terminology herein is for the purpose of description and not of limitation, such that the terminology or phraseology of the present specification is to be interpreted by the skilled artisan in light of the teachings and guidance. In addition, the breadth and scope of the present invention should not be limited by any of the above-described exemplary embodiments, but should be defined only in accordance with the following claims and their equivalents.
This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/302,842, filed Feb. 9, 2010, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated in its entirety herein by reference thereto.
Number | Date | Country | |
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61302842 | Feb 2010 | US |