Patent Grant
9630245
The present invention relates to a casting apparatus and a casting method, and more particularly, to a casting apparatus and a casting method suitable for manufacturing die cast products made of aluminum alloy or the like.
Conventionally, there is known a casting apparatus for manufacturing die cast products by injecting a molten metal supplied into a tubular sleeve with use of a plunger at a high speed while pressurizing the molten metal, and by pressing the molten metal into a die (cavity) constituted of a fixed die member and a movable die member through a narrow gate. In recent years, vehicle components such as a cylinder block of an engine made of aluminum alloy are manufactured, using the aforementioned casting apparatus.
In the aforementioned casting apparatus, if air is stagnated in the tubular sleeve, the air may be drawn into the die while being trapped in the molten metal. As a result, product defects called blowholes (cast blowholes) may occur. Also, the air in the die may be trapped in the pressurized molten metal, and blowholes may be formed. In view of the above, in the conventional casting apparatus as described above, as disclosed in Patent Literature 1, for instance, air is sucked from the interior of the tubular sleeve through a gap between the tubular sleeve and the plunger, and additionally, air is sucked from the interior of the die for preventing blowholes as described above.
The casting apparatus described in Patent Literature 1 is advantageous in preventing product defects such as blowholes. However, as the degree of vacuum of the interior of the cavity is higher than the degree of vacuum of the interior of the tubular sleeve, a phenomenon called “top molten metal”, which may cause product defects (cold shuts), may occur. A top molten metal is a molten metal that is drawn from the interior of the tubular sleeve into the cavity prior to injection.
As a method for preventing a top molten metal, conventionally, air is sucked from the interior of the tubular sleeve and from the interior of the cavity so that the degree of vacuum of the interior of the cavity is lowered than the degree of vacuum of the interior of the tubular sleeve. However, even when the aforementioned operation is performed, if wear of the tubular sleeve or of the plunger progresses, the gap between the tubular sleeve and the plunger increases, which may lead to a negative pressure leakage. This obstructs an increase of the degree of vacuum of the interior of the tubular sleeve, and may cause formation of a top molten metal. In view of the above, in the actual practice, air is sucked from the interior of the cavity so that the degree of vacuum of the interior of the cavity is sufficiently lower than the degree of vacuum of the interior of the tubular sleeve, assuming that wear of the tubular sleeve or the like may progress, for preventing a top molten metal.
In other words, air is sucked from the interior of the tubular sleeve or from the interior of the cavity in order to prevent blowholes. In order to accomplish the above object, it is desirable to increase the degree of vacuum of the interior of the tubular sleeve or of the interior of the cavity. In this case, however, a top molten metal is likely to be formed. On the other hand, when the degree of vacuum of the interior of the tubular sleeve or of the interior of the cavity (in particular, the degree of vacuum of the interior of the cavity) is lowered, formation of blowholes is not sufficiently prevented, although formation of a top molten metal is prevented. Thus, there is a trade-off between preventing a top molten metal and preventing blowholes. In view of the above, it is desirable to solve the aforementioned trade-off problem in order to enhance productivity of cast products, while increasing the yield.
In view of the above, an object of the invention is to provide a casting apparatus and a casting method that enable to enhance productivity of cast products by significantly preventing blowholes and cold shuts due to a top molten metal.
A casting apparatus of the invention is provided with a die; an injection device including a tubular sleeve which extends in a substantially horizontal direction and communicates with a cavity of the die, and a plunger which injects a molten metal supplied to an interior of the tubular sleeve into the cavity; and a first suction device and a second suction device, each of which sucks air from the interior of the tubular sleeve. The tubular sleeve includes a first end and a second end. The tubular sleeve communicates with the cavity on a side of the first end. The tubular sleeve includes a supply port through which the molten metal is supplied, and an opening which is formed near the supply port on the side of the first end for drawing air. The plunger is movable in the interior of the tubular sleeve between a standby position and a predetermined actuation position, the standby position being such that a tip end of the plunger is located on a side of the second end with respect to the supply port, the plunger being configured to move from the standby position to the actuation position for injecting the molten metal from the interior of the tubular sleeve into the cavity. The first suction device sucks the air from the interior of the tubular sleeve through the opening. The second suction device sucks the air from a first end region of the interior of the tubular sleeve with respect to the tip end of the plunger through a gap between an inner circumferential surface of the tubular sleeve and an outer circumferential surface of the plunger.
Further, a casting method of the invention is a casting method using the casting apparatus having the aforementioned configuration. The casting method includes a first step of moving the plunger from the standby position toward the actuation position at a first speed until the tip end of the plunger reaches a predetermined position between the opening and the first end; and a second step of switching a moving speed of the plunger to a second speed faster than the first speed for moving the plunger to the actuation position. In the first step, sucking the air from the interior of the tubular sleeve is started by the first suction device at a point of time when the tip end of the plunger passes the supply port, and thereafter, sucking the air from the interior of the tubular sleeve is started by the second suction device at a point of time when the tip end of the plunger passes the opening.
An embodiment of the invention is described referring to the drawings.
In order to clarify the directional relationships, in the following embodiment, as illustrated in
The molding device 1 is a device for substantially manufacturing die cast products. The molding device 1 is provided with a molding die 2; and a fixed base 4 and a movable base 6 for holding the molding die 2.
The molding die 2 is constituted of a fixed die member 2a whose position is fixed, and a movable die member 2b which is movable relative to the fixed die member 2a. The fixed die member 2a is supported on the fixed base 4. The movable die member 2b is supported on the movable base 6. The movable base 6 is movable in front and rear directions relative to the fixed base 4. In other words, the molding die 2 is opened and closed, as the movable base 6 is moved. As illustrated in
Although not illustrated, the molding device 1 is provided with a movable die driving mechanism including a hydraulic cylinder as a driving source, and a booster mechanism such as a toggle link mechanism. The molding device 1 is configured such that the movable die driving mechanism moves the movable base 6 in front and rear directions, and the booster mechanism increases the pressing force of the hydraulic cylinder for supplying the increased pressing force to the movable die member 2b in order to securely keep a closed state of the molding die 2.
The movable base 6 includes a rear base member 6a which supports the movable die member 2b, and a front base member 6b which comes into firm contact with the rear base member 6a in an airtight state on the front side of the rear base member 6a. The front base member 6b has a box shape and extends through the molding device 1 in front and rear directions. A head 10 of the extrusion device 8 is disposed inside the front base member 6b.
The extrusion device 8 is configured to dismount a molded die cast product from the molding die 2. The extrusion device 8 includes an unillustrated hydraulic cylinder to be loaded on the front base member 6b, the head 10 which is movable in front and rear directions relative to the movable die member 2b while being driven by the hydraulic cylinder, and a plurality of separation pins 12 fixed to the head 10 and extending in front and rear directions. Each of the separation pins 12 is inserted in a through-hole 3 formed in the movable die member 2b so as to pass through the movable die member 2b in front and rear directions. Each of the separation pins 12 is projectable and retractable with respect to the rear side of the movable die member 2b, as the head 10 is moved. In other words, the extrusion device 8 is configured such that allowing the separation pins 12 to project rearward of the movable die member 2b in a state that the molding die 2 is opened makes it possible to dismount a die cast product held on the movable die member 2b from the movable die member 2b, utilizing a pushing force of the separation pins 12 against the movable die member 2b.
A flange portion 66 extending inward is formed at a front end of the front base member 6b. In a state that the head 10 is retracted, the head 10 comes into firm contact with the flange portion 66 (a state illustrated in
The injection device 15 is configured to inject an aluminum alloy molten metal into the cavity Ca of the molding die 2. As illustrated in
The tubular sleeve 20 is a tubular member extending substantially horizontally in front and rear directions. The tubular sleeve 20 is connected to the fixed die member 2a in a state that a front end of the tubular sleeve 20 (corresponding to a first end of the invention) is held on the fixed base 4. The tubular sleeve 20 has a supply port 21 through which a molten metal is supplied, and an opening 22 for sucking air (drawing air) in an upper portion of the tubular sleeve 20 near a rear end of the tubular sleeve 20 (corresponding to a second end of the invention). The opening 22 for sucking air has a sufficiently small diameter as compared with the diameter of the supply port 21, and is formed at a front position of the supply port 21.
The plunger 24 is a rod-like member extending in front and rear directions. The plunger 24 is moved in the interior of the tubular sleeve 20 in front and rear directions. The plunger 24 includes a columnar-shaped rod 25, a columnar-shaped injection tip 28 for pressing a molten metal, and a joint 27 for connecting the injection tip 28 to a tip end of the rod 25. The outer diameter of the injection tip 28 is set to be slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the tubular sleeve 20. The rod 25 has a flange portion 26 at a tip end thereof, which is slidably movable on the inner circumferential surface of the tubular sleeve 20. The flange portion 26 has an outer diameter larger than the diameter of the injection tip 28, and has a large thickness in front and rear directions. The outer diameter of the joint 27 is set to be smaller than the diameter of the injection tip 28 and the diameter of the flange portion 26. According to this configuration, a waist portion Sb of the joint 27 is formed at a tip end of the plunger 24.
The plunger 24 and the tubular sleeve 20 are configured such that when the plunger 24 is moved forward from a position illustrated in
As illustrated in
A stroke sensor 56 is disposed near an output shaft of the hydraulic cylinder 30. The stroke sensor 56 optically reads a scale formed on the output shaft, and outputs the read data to the control device 60 in order to detect a moving amount of the plunger 24 from the standby position. In other words, the control device 60 detects the speed switching position based on a detection signal from the stroke sensor 56, and controls switching of the injection speed of the plunger 24 by the detection.
The first suction device 35 sucks the air from the interior of the tubular sleeve 20 through the opening 22 formed in the tubular sleeve 20. The first suction device 35 includes a first vacuum passage 36 which communicates with the interior of the tubular sleeve 20 through the opening 22, and also includes a first vacuum pump 37, a first vacuum tank 38, and a first control valve 39 which are disposed in this order from upstream side on the first vacuum passage 36.
On the other hand, the second suction device 40 is configured to suck the air from the interior of the tubular sleeve 20 from the rear side of the injection tip 28 through a gap between the outer circumferential surface of the plunger 24 (specifically, the outer circumference surface of the injection tip 28), and the inner circumferential surface of the tubular sleeve 20. The second suction device 40 includes a second vacuum passage 41, and also includes a second vacuum pump 42, a second vacuum tank 43, and a second control valve 44 which are disposed in this order from upstream side on the second vacuum passage 41.
A certain tip end region of the second vacuum passage 41 is constituted of a metal suction pipe 41a (corresponding to a passage portion of the invention) which is fixed along the plunger 24. As illustrated in
Indicated at the reference sign 25b in
As illustrated in
The third suction device 45 includes a third vacuum passage 46 which communicates with the cavity Ca at an upper portion of the molding die 2, and also includes a third vacuum pump 47, a third vacuum tank 48, and a third control valve 49 disposed in this order from upstream side on the third vacuum passage 46.
On the other hand, the fourth suction device 50 includes a fourth vacuum passage 51 which communicates with the internal space Sa of the front base member 6b, and also includes a fourth vacuum pump 52, a fourth vacuum tank 53, and a fourth control valve 54 disposed in this order from upstream side on the fourth vacuum passage 51.
The control device 60 is constituted of a CPU, an ROM which stores various programs for controlling the CPU, an RAM which temporarily stores various data during an operation, and an HDD. As described above, the control device 60 integrally controls driving of the molding device 1, an extrusion device 8, and the injection device 15. In particular, regarding the controls associated with the invention, the control device 60 controls driving of the plunger 24 in order to inject a molten metal from the tubular sleeve 20 into the cavity Ca, and controls the first suction device 35, the second suction device 40, and the third suction device 45 so as to suck the air from the interior of the tubular sleeve 20 and from the interior of the cavity Ca at a predetermined timing, based on an output signal from the stroke sensor 56 in association with the driving of the plunger 24. The suction timings by the suction devices 35, 40, and 45 are stored in the ROM or in the other storage device.
Next, an injection operation of a molten metal based on control of the control device 60, and advantages of the injection operation are described referring to
First of all, the fixed die member 2a and the movable die member 2b are placed one over the other. By the placement operation, as illustrated in
In this state, an aluminum alloy molten metal is supplied into the interior of the tubular sleeve 20 through the supply port 21. When supply of the molten metal is completed, a low-speed injection (corresponding to a first step of the invention) is started by the plunger 24. Specifically, the plunger 24 is driven by the hydraulic cylinder 30, and the plunger 24 is started to move from the standby position to an actuation position at a predetermined low speed.
When the tip end of the plunger 24 (the tip end of the injection tip 28) passes the supply port 21, and the plunger 24 reaches the position where the supply port 21 is closed by the injection tip 28 (see the position P1 in
As described above, when air is sucked from the interior of the tubular sleeve 20, the interior of the tubular sleeve 20 is instantaneously brought to a highly vacuum state. Further, as illustrated in
When the opening 22 is closed by the injection tip 28 by passing of the tip end of the injection tip 28 over the opening 22, and when the plunger 24 reaches the position (the position P2 illustrated in
As described above, air is sucked from the interior of the tubular sleeve 20 by combined use of the first suction device 35 and the second suction device 40, whereby the vacuum state of the interior of the tubular sleeve 20 is promoted.
Further, when the tip end of the rod 25 (the flange portion 26) passes the opening 22, and the plunger 24 reaches the position where the opening 22 is closed by the flange portion 26 (see the position P3 illustrated in
When the plunger 24 reaches a predetermined speed switching position (the position P4 illustrated in
As described above, according to the casting apparatus (the casting method) as described above, when a molten metal is injected, first of all, air is sucked from the interior of the tubular sleeve 20 by the first suction device 35 through the opening 22 formed in the tubular sleeve 20, and air is sucked from the interior of the cavity Ca by the sucking operation. After the opening 22 is closed by the plunger 24 (the injection tip 28), air is sucked from the interior of the tubular sleeve 20 by combined use of the first suction device 35 and the second suction device 40. According to the casting apparatus (the casting method) as described above, air is directly sucked from the interior of the tubular sleeve 20 through the opening 22. Therefore, as illustrated in
Further, according to the casting apparatus (the casting method) as described above, after air is sucked from the interior of the tubular sleeve 20 by the first suction device 35 and by the second suction device 40, sucking the air from the interior of the cavity Ca is started at a predetermined timing by the third suction device 45. According to the casting apparatus (the casting method) as described above, it is possible to increase the degree of vacuum of the interior of the cavity Ca to a value close to the degree of vacuum of the interior of the tubular sleeve 20 as much as possible. This is advantageous in securely preventing blowholes. In this case, it is possible to suck the air from the interior of the tubular sleeve 20 by the first suction device 35 at an early stage of low-speed injection by the plunger 24. This is advantageous in preventing the degree of vacuum of the interior of the cavity Ca from becoming higher than the degree of vacuum of the interior of the tubular sleeve 20, whereby it is possible to prevent formation of a top molten metal.
On the other hand,
The conventional casting apparatus is configured such that after a low-speed injection by the plunger is started, when the tip end of the flange (corresponding to the flange portion 26) passes the molten metal supply port (indicated by the position P2), sucking the air from the interior of the tubular sleeve is started, and then (at the position P3), sucking the air from the interior of the cavity is started. In the conventional casting apparatus (casting method) as described above, when air is directly sucked from the interior of the cavity at an early stage after a low-speed injection by the plunger is started, as described in the section of Background Art, a top molten metal is formed due to an excess of the degree of vacuum of the interior of the cavity over the degree of vacuum of the interior of the tubular sleeve before the injection is switched to the high-speed injection (see the position P4). In order to avoid this phenomenon, as illustrated in
On the other hand, in the casting apparatus (the casting method) of the embodiment, as described above (see
Thus, according to the casting apparatus (the casting method) of the embodiment, it is possible to advantageously prevent formation of both of blowholes and cold shuts due to a top molten metal. This is advantageous in enhancing productivity of cast products.
The casting apparatus, and the casting method by the casting apparatus as described above are a preferred example of the casting apparatus and the casting method of the invention. An exemplified configuration of the casting apparatus, and an exemplified casting method may be modified, as necessary, as far as such modifications do not depart form the gist of the invention.
For instance, in the embodiment, the movable die driving mechanism of the molding device 1 drives the movable base 6 (the movable die member 2b), while using the hydraulic cylinder as a driving source. Further, the plunger driving mechanism of the injection device 15 drives the plunger 24, while using the hydraulic cylinder 30 as a driving source. Alternatively, these driving mechanisms may be configured to drive the movable base 6 (the movable die member 2b), using the other driving source such as a hydraulic motor.
Further, in the embodiment, the control device 60 controls the suction start timings of the suction devices 35, 40, and 45, based on a moving amount of the plunger 24 from a standby position (specifically, controls the suction start timings, based on an output signal from the stroke sensor 56). Alternatively, for instance, the control device 60 may control the suction start timings of the suction devices 35, 40, and 45, based on a lapse of time from the point of time when the plunger 24 starts to move. When the suction start timings are controlled based on a moving amount of the plunger 24, there is no influence due to an error in the moving speed of the plunger 24. In view of the above, it is preferable to control the suction start timings of the suction devices 35, 40, and 45, based on a moving amount of the plunger 24 as described in the embodiment.
Further, in the embodiment, the second suction device 40 is configured to suck the air from an inner space of the waist portion Sb (a closed space formed by the waist portion Sb) through the suction pipe 41a. Alternatively, for instance, a suction passage (a passage portion) may be formed in the rod 25 of the plunger 24 to extend in the length direction of the plunger 24 and to open toward the inner side of the waist portion Sb so as to suck the air from the inner space of the waist portion Sb through the air suction passage.
The following is a summary of the embodiment of the invention.
A casting apparatus according to an aspect of the invention is provided with a die; an injection device including a tubular sleeve which extends in a substantially horizontal direction and communicates with a cavity of the die, and a plunger which injects a molten metal supplied to an interior of the tubular sleeve into the cavity; and a first suction device and a second suction device, each of which sucks air from the interior of the tubular sleeve. The tubular sleeve includes a first end and a second end. The tubular sleeve communicates with the cavity on a side of the first end. The tubular sleeve includes a supply port through which the molten metal is supplied, and an opening which is formed near the supply port on the side of the first end for drawing air. The plunger is movable in the interior of the tubular sleeve between a standby position and a predetermined actuation position, the standby position being such that a tip end of the plunger is located on a side of the second end with respect to the supply port, the plunger being configured to move from the standby position to the actuation position for injecting the molten metal from the interior of the tubular sleeve into the cavity. The first suction device sucks the air from the interior of the tubular sleeve through the opening. The second suction device sucks the air from a first end region of the interior of the tubular sleeve with respect to the tip end of the plunger through a gap between an inner circumferential surface of the tubular sleeve and an outer circumferential surface of the plunger.
Further, a casting method according to another aspect of the invention is a casting method using the casting apparatus having the aforementioned configuration. The casting method includes a first step of moving the plunger from the standby position toward the actuation position at a first speed until the tip end of the plunger reaches a predetermined position between the opening and the first end; and a second step of switching a moving speed of the plunger to a second speed faster than the first speed for moving the plunger to the actuation position. In the first step, sucking the air from the interior of the tubular sleeve is started by the first suction device at a point of time when the tip end of the plunger passes the supply port, and thereafter, sucking the air from the interior of the tubular sleeve is started by the second suction device at a point of time when the tip end of the plunger passes the opening.
In the casting method (the casting apparatus) as described above, first of all, in the first step, air is sucked from the interior of the tubular sleeve by the first suction device through the opening for drawing air, and air is sucked from the interior of the cavity through the tubular sleeve, as the sucking operation from the interior of the tubular sleeve progresses. After the tip end of the plunger passes the opening, as the plunger is moved, sucking the air from the interior of the tubular sleeve by the second suction device is added. According to the aforementioned casting method, the air is directly sucked from the interior of the tubular sleeve through the opening, thereby the degree of vacuum of the interior of the tubular sleeve is advantageously increased. Further, the air is also sucked from the interior of the cavity, as the sucking operation from the interior of the tubular sleeve progresses. This makes it possible to increase the degree of vacuum of the interior of the cavity. Thus, the degrees of vacuum of the interior of the tubular sleeve and of the interior of the cavity are advantageously increased. This is advantageous in preventing blowholes. Further, the air is sucked from the interior of the cavity through the tubular sleeve. This prevents the degree of vacuum of the interior of the cavity from becoming higher than the degree of vacuum of the interior of the tubular sleeve. This is advantageous in preventing formation of a top molten metal.
Preferably, the casting apparatus may be further provided with a third suction device which sucks the air from an interior of the cavity.
In the above configuration, in the first step, after sucking the air from the interior of the tubular sleeve is started by the second suction device, sucking the air from the interior of the cavity may be started by the third suction device.
According to the aforementioned casting method, it is possible to increase the degree of vacuum of the interior of the cavity to a value close to the degree of vacuum of the interior of the tubular sleeve as much as possible. This is advantageous in securely preventing blowholes. In this configuration, as described above, starting to suck the air from the interior of the cavity by the third suction device, after starting to suck the air from the interior of the tubular sleeve by the first and second suction devices is advantageous in preventing the degree of vacuum of the interior of the cavity from becoming higher than the degree of vacuum of the interior of the tubular sleeve at an early stage. This makes it possible to prevent formation of a top molten metal.
In the casting apparatus, preferably, the second suction device may include a passage portion integrally formed with the plunger for sucking air, the passage portion extending in a direction substantially parallel to a moving direction of the plunger and being opened at a position near the tip end of the plunger.
According to the aforementioned configuration, it is possible to suck the air from the interior of the tubular sleeve at a position near the tip end of the plunger through the gap between the outer circumferential surface of the plunger and the tubular sleeve. This makes it possible to effectively suck the air from the interior of the tubular sleeve.
In the above configuration, preferably, the plunger may include a waist portion at a position near the tip end of the plunger, a length of the plunger from the tip end thereof to a rear end of the waist portion in the moving direction of the plunger may be set larger than a distance between the opening and the supply port formed in the tubular sleeve, and the passage portion of the second suction device may be opened toward an inside of the waist portion.
According to the aforementioned configuration, when the rear end of the waist portion passes the supply port, as the plunger is moved from the standby position toward the actuation position, the waist portion is covered from the outside by the tubular sleeve, and a closed space is formed by the waist portion. When air is sucked from the closed space by the second suction device, the air is sucked from the interior of the tubular sleeve through the gap between the outer circumferential surface of the plunger and the tubular sleeve. According to this configuration, it is possible to efficiently suck the air from the interior of the tubular sleeve through the gap.
Preferably, the casting apparatus having one of the aforementioned configurations may be further provided with a control device which controls the suction devices. The control device may control the suction devices in such a manner that, as the plunger is moved from the standby position to the actuation position, the control device controls the first suction device to start sucking the air from the interior of the tubular sleeve at a point of time when the tip end of the plunger passes the supply port, and thereafter, the control device controls the second suction device to start sucking the air from the interior of the tubular sleeve at a point of time when the tip end of the plunger passes the opening.
According to the aforementioned configuration, it is possible to automate the casting method as described above. In this configuration, preferably, the control device may control the suction start timings by the suction devices, based on a moving amount of the plunger from the standby position.
According to the aforementioned configuration, it is possible to start sucking operations by the suction devices at an accurate timing, without receiving an influence due to an error in the moving speed of the plunger.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2012-276519 | Dec 2012 | JP | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2013/007165 | 12/5/2013 | WO | 00 |
| Publishing Document | Publishing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| WO2014/097565 | 6/26/2014 | WO | A |
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| Number | Date | Country | |
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| 20150273574 A1 | Oct 2015 | US |
