Patent Grant
10149968
A “Sequence Listing” is submitted with this application in the form of a text file, created Dec. 17, 2015, and named “0865380074seqlist.txt” (20912 bytes), the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety
Field of the Inventions
The present disclosure is related to endovascular apparatuses and methods, and more specifically, to apparatuses and methods for delivering embolic and therapeutic materials to a target region of a body lumen and regulating blood flow therethrough. Also disclosed herein are methods for treating a subject diagnosed with a cancer by administering to the subject therapeutic materials using the devices and methods described herein.
Description of the Related Art
Blood vessels can be accessed to deploy embolic agents, contrast agents, and medications to target regions of the body. Some target regions include the blood vessels themselves, as well as organs or other tissue being fed by blood vessels.
For example, through embolization, blood flow can be reduced to encourage atrophy or infarction of a target region of the body. Such target regions can include tumors, fibroids, and vascular malformations, such as arteriovenous malformations (“AVM”) or arteriovenous fistulas (“AVF”). Further, embolization of blood vessels can also be achieved to slow or stop bleeding in emergency situations.
Embolic agents and therapeutic agents can be used to treat cancer. For example, embolics can be used to occlude the vasculature feeding a tumor. Drug-loaded embolics, such as drug-loaded microspheres, can be used to deliver chemotherapeutic agents and/or therapeutic agents designed to treat inflamed or diseased tissue. In addition, clinicians have administered chemotherapeutic agents in combination with embolic polyvinyl alcohol (“PVA”) particles. This type of targeted therapy can localize treatment at the site of the tumor and minimize the systemic dose while maximizing the therapeutic dose delivered locally to the target lesion, reducing potential side effects and damage to healthy tissue.
Various embodiments of medical methods and apparatus disclosed herein enable a clinician to provide a targeted delivery of a material, such as an embolic material, contrast agent, or drug, to a select body region. Some embodiments relate to vessel occlusion and tissue ablation or infarction by delivery of radially expandable implant frames that can be used to deliver a material to a downstream target area, such as a blood vessels or tissue. In some embodiments, the implant can be positioned to achieve immediate total occlusion of blood flow to ensure high material concentration in the target area, precise or calibrated control of delivered material, and specific targeting of certain structures and protection of others, which is especially useful for smaller target vessels and tissues. Some embodiments also provide for secondary procedures to be performed after an initial implant and material has been deployed at a target region. Furthermore, some embodiments of the present system can help close a bodily lumen or vessel rapidly and with confidence. These various advantages and benefits can provide improved health and quality of life for millions of people.
In accordance with some embodiments, various frame configurations, expected delivered and expanded dimensions, and a description of target anatomy of some embodiments are provided. Aspects of implants and delivery devices that can be utilized in combination with the implants and features disclosed herein are disclosed in applicant's co-pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/044,794, filed on Oct. 2, 2013; U.S. Patent Application No. 61/904,376, filed Nov. 14, 2013, titled Implantable Luminal Devices and Methods (086538-0041); U.S. Patent Application No. 61/904,379, filed on Nov. 14, 2013, titled Torque Resistant Distal Catheter Tip (086538-0043); U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/906,993, filed on Oct. 18, 2010; and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/828,974, filed on Mar. 14, 2013, U.S. Patent Application No. 61/835,406, filed on Jun. 14, 2013, and U.S. Patent Application No. 61/835,461, filed on Jun. 14, 2013, the entireties of which are incorporated herein by reference.
Some embodiments can provide vascular implantation for vessels that are from about 2 mm to about 16 mm, from about 5 mm to about 13 mm, and in some embodiments, from about 7 mm to about 11 mm. The target delivery profile can be from about 2 Fr to about 8 Fr, about 3 Fr to about 7 Fr, from about 4 Fr to about 6 Fr, or in some embodiments, about 5 Fr. Additionally, expansion of the implant can provide sufficient radial force against the inside wall of a vein. Some embodiments can comprise features or means configured to minimize backflow of blood or minimize venous insufficiency. For example, treatment applications for embodiments of the implant can include ilio-femoral venous obstruction and chronic iliac venous outflow obstruction as a result of venous disease.
Further, in some embodiments, the implant can provide enhanced control of the delivery of a material or agent. For example, in accordance with an aspect of some embodiments is the realization that the delivery and distribution of a material can depend exclusively upon distal flow patterns. Some embodiments disclosed herein can enable control of material delivery, prevent reflux of the material, and permit calibrated delivery of the material, which can often be limited by early reflux along a delivery platform. The material can comprise liquid embolic agents such as N-butyl cyanoacrylate (“NBCA”), Onyx, or other liquid agents, radioembolization particles, and microspheres, such as microspheres filled with the radioactive isotope Yttrium Y-90.
The subject technology is illustrated, for example, according to various aspects described below. Various examples of aspects of the subject technology are described as numbered clauses (1, 2, 3, etc.) for convenience. These are provided as examples and do not limit the subject technology. It is noted that any of the dependent clauses may be combined in any combination, and placed into a respective independent clause, e.g., clause 1 or clause 5. The other clauses can be presented in a similar manner.
Clause 1. A material delivery device, comprising: an expandable support member having a lumen and an outflow end, the support member being configured to expand from a collapsed configuration to an expanded configuration for placement in a body lumen; a cover component, extending along the support member, defining an aperture; and a valve component coupled to the cover component and disposed at the outflow end, the valve component permitting outflow of a material through the aperture and restricting backflow of the material into the aperture.
Clause 2. The device of Clause 1, wherein the cover component comprises a tubular membrane coupled to the support member and the valve component comprises a free end of the tubular membrane extending away from the support member at the outflow end, the free end of the tubular membrane being configured to permit outflow of the material through the outflow end and to invert or fold onto itself to restrict backflow of the material into the outflow end.
Clause 3. The device of any one of Clauses 1 to 2, wherein the tubular membrane comprises inner and outer portions that extend along respective interior and exterior surfaces of the support member.
Clause 4. The device of Clause 3, wherein the free end of the tubular membrane extends from the outer portion, and the inner portion comprises a second free end.
Clause 5. The device of Clause 4, wherein the free end is coupled to the second free end.
Clause 6. The device of any one of Clauses 1 to 5, wherein the cover component comprises a tubular membrane coupled to the support member and the valve component comprises a free end of the tubular membrane extending away from the support member at the outflow end, wherein the tubular membrane comprises a tubular outer portion extending along a support member exterior and a segmented inner portion, comprising a plurality of strips, extending along a support member interior.
Clause 7. The device of Clause 6, wherein the free end is coupled to at least one of the plurality of strips.
Clause 8. The device of Clause 7, wherein the coupling comprises a suture.
Clause 9. The device of any one of Clauses 1 to 8, wherein the valve component is movable between open and closed positions, the valve component permitting flow of the material through the outflow end when in the open position and restricting backflow of the material through the outflow end when in the closed position.
Clause 10. The device of Clause 9, wherein in the open position, at least a portion of the valve component is spaced apart from the aperture to permit flow through the aperture.
Clause 11. The device of Clause 9, wherein in the closed position, the valve component has a sealing relationship with at least one of the support member or cover component to close the aperture at least partially and restrict flow through the device.
Clause 12. The device of any one of Clauses 1 to 11, wherein the valve component comprises a mesh material.
Clause 13. The device of Clause 12, wherein the mesh material is coupled to an outer surface of the cover component adjacent to the outflow end.
Clause 14. The device of any one of Clauses 1 to 13, wherein the valve component comprises a flap structure coupled to the cover component adjacent the outflow end, the flap structure being movable away from the aperture to permit flow therethrough.
Clause 15. The device of any one of Clauses 1 to 14, wherein the valve component comprises a plurality of deflectable panels.
Clause 16. The device of any one of Clauses 1 to 15, wherein the valve component comprises a split dome.
Clause 17. The device of any one of Clauses 1 to 16, wherein the support member comprises a helical body.
Clause 18. The device of any one of Clauses 1 to 17, wherein the support member comprises a deflectable frame configured to expand from a substantially linear collapsed configuration to the expanded configuration.
Clause 19. A method of delivering a material to a target region of a body lumen, comprising: advancing an implant to the target region, the implant having first and second sections engaged with a catheter at respective first and second engagement points; releasing the implant first section from engagement with the catheter at the first engagement point; permitting the implant first section to expand against a lumen wall at the target region such that the lumen becomes at least substantially occluded; and injecting a material through a portion of the implant.
Clause 20. The method of Clause 19, wherein the implant first section comprises an implant distal section, and wherein the releasing comprises disengaging a first engagement member from the distal section.
Clause 21. The method of Clause 20, wherein the portion of the implant comprises a valve component and the permitting comprises causing the valve component to contact a distal end of the catheter such that the catheter distal end moves the valve component to an open position.
Clause 22. The method of Clause 21, wherein the injecting comprises advancing the material out through the valve component after the valve component is in the open position.
Clause 23. The method of any one of Clauses 19 to 22, further comprising, after the material is injected into the lumen, releasing the implant second section and moving the catheter proximally relative to the implant such that the valve component moves to a closed position.
Clause 24. The method of Clause 23, wherein the moving the catheter relative to the implant comprises proximally withdrawing the catheter within the lumen.
Clause 25. The method of any one of Clauses 19 to 24, wherein the implant first section comprises a proximal section, and wherein the releasing comprises disengaging a first engagement member from the proximal section.
Clause 26. The method of Clause 25, wherein the permitting further comprises flushing the implant with a fluid to facilitate expansion of the proximal section.
Clause 27. The method of any one of Clauses 19 to 26, further comprising releasing the implant second section into apposition with the lumen wall such that the implant is disengaged from the catheter.
Clause 28. The method of any one of Clauses 19 to 27, further comprising proximally withdrawing the assembly from the lumen.
Clause 29. The method of Clause 28, wherein the withdrawing comprises withdrawing the assembly into a guide catheter such that expanded first section collapses within the guide catheter.
Clause 30. The method of any one of Clauses 19 to 29, further comprising, prior to releasing the implant first section, releasing a blocking implant into contact against the lumen wall downstream of the target region, the blocking implant occluding flow through the lumen beyond the target region.
Clause 31. The method of Clause 30, further comprising, after injecting a material, allowing the material to flow into the target region, and removing the blocking implant from the lumen.
Clause 32. A method of delivering a material to a target region of a body lumen, comprising: removing an occlusion at a distal end of an implant, deployed within the lumen upstream of the target region, thereby restoring flow through the lumen to the target region; and after removing the occlusion from the implant, injecting a material into the lumen such that the material passes through the implant to the target region.
Clause 33. The method of Clause 32, wherein contacting the implant comprises advancing an adjustment member through the implant to pierce a cover component of the implant.
Clause 34. The method of Clause 33, wherein the adjustment member comprises a catheter and the advancing comprises advancing the catheter through the implant to pierce a cover component of the implant.
Clause 35. The method of any one of Clauses 32 to 34, wherein the implant is a first implant, and the method further comprises: after contacting the first implant, advancing a second implant to the target region, the second implant having first and second sections engaged with a catheter at respective first and second engagement points; releasing the first section from engagement with the catheter at the first engagement point; and before injecting a material, permitting the implant first section to expand against a lumen wall at the target region such that the lumen becomes at least substantially occluded.
Clause 36. The method of Clause 35, further comprising releasing the second implant adjacent to the first implant.
Clause 37. The method of Clause 35, further comprising releasing the second implant within the first implant.
Clause 38. The method of any one of Clauses 32 to 37, wherein contacting the first implant comprises contacting a mesh component of the first implant with a material to dissolve coagulated material on the mesh component, thereby restoring flow through the mesh component.
Clause 39. A delivery assembly, for delivering an expandable member to a body lumen or luminal structure of a patient, comprising: a carrier member, positionable in a luminal structure of a patient, comprising a lumen having a cross-sectional area comprising a first portion and a second portion that are separated by a line segment intersecting a circumference of the carrier member, the carrier member comprising a slot extending through the carrier member into the lumen and bounded by the line segment and the circumference, within the first portion; an elongate member extending through the carrier lumen and across the slot; and an expandable member configured to expand within and engage the luminal structure, the expandable member comprising a coupling portion that fits within the slot, the coupling portion comprising an aperture configured to receive the elongate member therethrough when the coupling portion is positioned within the slot; wherein the elongate member is configured to move axially through the carrier lumen to be removed from the aperture and permit release of the coupling portion from the slot.
Clause 40. The assembly of Clause 39, wherein the carrier lumen extends to and is open at a distal end of the carrier member.
Clause 41. The assembly of any one of Clauses 39 to 40, wherein the carrier member comprises a second slot, distal to the slot, configured to receive a distal coupling portion of the expandable member.
Clause 42. The assembly of Clause 41, wherein the distal coupling portion comprises an aperture configured to receive an elongate member therethrough when the distal coupling portion is positioned within the second slot.
Clause 43. The assembly of any one of Clauses 39 to 42, wherein the elongate member is configured to be retracted by an operator such that the elongate member permits the release of the first portion.
Clause 44. The assembly of any one of Clauses 39 to 43, wherein the slot comprises a slot depth of between about ⅓ and about ⅔ of a carrier member diameter or of about ½ of a carrier member diameter.
Clause 45. The assembly of any one of Clauses 39 to 44, wherein the device further comprises an optical fiber which is positioned within the first or second portion of the carrier lumen and which extends the length of the carrier lumen.
Clause 46. The assembly of any one of Clauses 39 to 45, further comprising a cover member extending at least partially over the expandable member.
Clause 47. The assembly of any one of Clauses 39 to 46, wherein the slot comprises distal and proximal faces that extend in substantially parallel planes, the slot defining a slot width between the distal and proximal faces.
Clause 48. The assembly of Clause 47, wherein the distal and proximal faces extend substantially perpendicularly relative to a longitudinal axis of the carrier member.
Clause 49. The assembly of Clause 47, wherein the distal and proximal faces are obliquely oriented relative to a longitudinal axis of the carrier member.
Clause 50. The assembly of any one of Clauses 39 to 49, wherein the coupling portion comprises a flat cross-sectional shape.
Clause 51. The assembly of any one of Clauses 39 to 50, wherein the slot width is less than twice a thickness of the coupling portion.
Clause 52. An expandable implant, for placement in a body lumen or luminal structure of a patient via a carrier member, comprising: an expandable member configured to expand within and engage the body lumen, the expandable member comprising proximal and distal end portions, the proximal end portion comprising an aperture configured to receive an elongate member therethrough for coupling the proximal end portion relative to a carrier member for delivery to the body lumen; and a cover member extending at least partially over the proximal and distal end portions, the cover member comprising an open end for permitting fluid flow therethrough.
Clause 53. The implant of Clause 52, wherein the expandable member comprises a coil.
Clause 54. The implant of any one of Clauses 52 to 53, wherein the expandable member comprises a flat coil.
Clause 55. The implant of any one of Clauses 52 to 54, wherein the expandable member comprises a flat coil and the aperture extends radially through the proximal end portion of the flat coil.
Clause 56. The implant of Clause 55, wherein the proximal end portion comprises a substantially planar portion, the aperture extending through a center of the proximal end portion.
Clause 57. The implant of any one of Clauses 52 to 56, wherein the proximal end portion defines an average width that is approximately equal to an average width of the expandable member between the proximal and distal end portions.
Clause 58. The implant of any one of Clauses 52 to 57, wherein the distal end portion comprises a second aperture configured to receive an elongate member therethrough for coupling the distal end portion relative to the carrier member for delivery to the body lumen.
Clause 59. The implant of Clause 58, wherein the distal end portion comprises a substantially planar portion, the second aperture extending through a center of the distal end portion.
Clause 60. The implant of any one of Clauses 52 to 57, further comprising an optical fiber extending along the carrier member. Optionally, the optical fiber can be encased within the carrier member. For example, the optical fiber can extend within a lumen of the carrier member. Further, the optical fiber can optionally be co-molded or over-molded with the carrier member. Furthermore, the optical fiber can be separate from the carrier member and delivered either with or separately from (e.g., after the carrier member has been inserted to a delivery position or removed entirely after delivery of a material to the target area).
Clause 61. A method of delivering an expandable member to a luminal structure of a patient, comprising: advancing a carrier member through a luminal structure of a patient to a target area, the carrier member being coupled to an expandable member via an elongate member, the elongate member extending through a lumen of the carrier member to engage an end portion of the expandable member within a slot of the carrier member; proximally retracting the elongate member from an aperture of the end portion to release the end portion; and permitting release of the expandable member against the luminal structure.
Clause 62. The method of Clause 61, further comprising proximally retracting an elongate member from a second aperture of a second end portion of the expandable member.
Clause 63. The method of any one of Clauses 62 to 62, wherein the proximally retracting comprises proximally retracting a second elongate member from a second aperture of a second end portion of the expandable member.
Clause 64. The method of any one of Clauses 61 to 63, performed in combination with the method of any one of Clauses 19 to 38.
Clause 65. The method of any one of Clauses 61 to 64, performed using the implant of any one of Clauses 1 to 18 or Clauses 52 to 59.
Clause 66. The method of any one of Clauses 60 to 64, performed using the assembly of any one of Clauses 39 to 51.
Clause 67. A method of manufacturing an expandable member for delivery into a luminal structure of a patient via a carrier member, comprising: positioning an expandable member onto a carrier member; placing an end portion of the expandable member into a slot of the carrier member; and inserting an elongate member into an aperture of the end portion to engage the end portion within the slot.
Clause 68. The method of Clause 67, wherein the end portion comprises a flat cross-sectional shape, and the placing the end portion comprises twisting the end portion such that the flat shape is aligned with the slot, in a side, cross-sectional view.
Clause 69. The method of Clause 68, wherein the slot comprises distal and proximal faces extending in a substantially parallel planes.
Clause 70. The method of Clause 69, wherein the substantially parallel planes are oriented substantially perpendicular relative to a longitudinal axis of the carrier member.
Clause 71. The method of Clause 69, wherein the substantially parallel planes are obliquely oriented relative to a longitudinal axis of the carrier member.
Clause 72. The method of any one of Clauses 67 to 71, further comprising: placing a second end portion of the expandable member into a second slot of the carrier member; and inserting a second elongate member into a second aperture of the second end portion to engage the second end portion within the slot.
Clause 73. The method of any one of Clauses 67 to 72, performed using the implant of any one of Clauses 1 to 18 or Clauses 52 to 59.
Clause 74. The method of any one of Clauses 67 to 73, performed using the assembly of any one of Clauses 39 to 51.
Clause 75. A method for treating a subject, comprising: advancing an implant to a target region of a body lumen, the implant being engaged with a catheter; releasing the implant first section from engagement with the catheter; permitting the implant to expand against a lumen wall at the target region such that the lumen becomes at least substantially occluded; and injecting a therapeutic material through a portion of the implant, wherein the material is therapeutically effective to treat the subject. For example, the method can be used for treating a subject and comprise: advancing an implant to a target region of a body lumen, the implant having first and second sections engaged with a catheter at respective first and second engagement points; releasing the implant first section from engagement with the catheter at the first engagement point; permitting the implant first section to expand against a lumen wall at the target region such that the lumen becomes at least substantially occluded; and injecting a therapeutic material through a portion of the implant, wherein the material is therapeutically effective to treat the subject. In some embodiments, the method can be used to treat a subject diagnosed with a cancer. For example, the target region can be located adjacent to or contain the cancer. Further, the therapeutic material injected can be effective to treat the cancer.
Clause 76. The method of Clause 76, wherein the implant first section comprises an implant distal section, and wherein the releasing comprises disengaging a first engagement member from the distal section.
Clause 77. The method of Clause 76, wherein the portion of the implant comprises a valve component and the permitting comprises causing the valve component to contact a distal end of the catheter such that the catheter distal end moves the valve component to an open position.
Clause 78. The method of Clause 77, wherein the injecting comprises advancing the material out through the valve component after the valve component is in the open position.
Clause 79. The method of any one of Clauses 75 to 78, further comprising, after the material is injected into the lumen, releasing the implant second section and moving the catheter proximally relative to the implant such that the valve component moves to a closed position.
Clause 80. The method of Clause 79, wherein the moving the catheter relative to the implant comprises proximally withdrawing the catheter within the lumen.
Clause 81. The method of any one of Clauses 75 to 80, wherein the implant first section comprises a proximal section, and wherein the releasing comprises disengaging a first engagement member from the proximal section.
Clause 82. The method of Clause 81, wherein the permitting further comprises flushing the implant with a fluid to facilitate expansion of the proximal section.
Clause 83. The method of any one of Clauses 75 to 82, further comprising releasing the implant second section into apposition with the lumen wall such that the implant is disengaged from the catheter.
Clause 84. The method of any one of Clauses 75 to 83, further comprising proximally withdrawing the assembly from the lumen.
Clause 85. The method of Clause 84, wherein the withdrawing comprises withdrawing the assembly into a guide catheter such that expanded first section collapses within the guide catheter.
Clause 86. The method of any one of Clauses 75 to 85, further comprising, prior to releasing the implant first section, releasing a blocking implant into contact against the lumen wall downstream of the target region, the blocking implant occluding flow through the lumen beyond the target region.
Clause 87. The method of Clause 86, further comprising, after injecting the material, allowing the material to flow into the target region, and removing the blocking implant from the lumen.
Clause 88. The method of any one of Clauses 75 to 87, wherein the therapeutic material comprises a nanoparticle, a radioembolic composition, a blood substitute comprising oxygen, a photothermal agent, or a chemotherapeutic.
Clause 89. The method of Clause 88, wherein the nanoparticle comprises a gold nanoparticle or a gold-iron oxide alloy nanoparticle.
Clause 90. The method of Clause 88 or 89, wherein the nanoparticle is linked to a pH low-insertion peptide or to an antibody which binds an antigen expressed on a cell of a cancer.
Clause 91. The method of any one of Clauses 75 to 90, further comprising activating an optical fiber to emit electromagnetic radiation. In some embodiments, the optical fiber extends from the proximal to the distal end of the catheter. In some other embodiments, the optical fiber can emit infrared light at its distal end. For example, the optical fiber can be coupled to the catheter and can be controlled independently to emit light to the target region.
Clause 92. The method of Clause 91, wherein the optical fiber is activated to emit infrared light at its distal end after injecting the material into the target region.
Clause 93. The method of Clause 91, wherein the optical fiber is activated to emit infrared light at its distal end after injecting the material into the target region and before moving the blocking implant from the lumen.
Clause 94. The method of any one of Clauses 75 to 87, wherein the therapeutic material comprises a radiosensitizer.
Clause 95. The method of Clause 94, wherein the radiosensitizer comprises a blood substitute comprising oxygen.
Clause 96. The method of Clause 94 or 95, further comprising administering to the subject x-irradiation or γ-irradiation, wherein the x-irradiation or γ-irradiation is administered externally or is administered internally through the catheter to the target region.
Clause 97. A method for treating a subject, comprising: removing an occlusion at a distal end of an implant deployed within a body lumen upstream of a target region, thereby restoring flow through the lumen to the target region; and after removing the occlusion from the implant, injecting a therapeutic material into the lumen such that the material passes through the implant to the target region, wherein the therapeutic material is effective to treat the subject. In some embodiments, the method can be used to treat a subject diagnosed with a cancer. For example, the target region can be located adjacent to or contain the cancer. Further, the therapeutic material injected can be effective to treat the cancer.
Clause 98. The method of Clause 97, wherein contacting the implant comprises advancing an adjustment member through the implant to pierce a cover component of the implant.
Clause 99. The method of Clause 98, wherein the adjustment member comprises a catheter and the advancing comprises advancing the catheter through the implant to pierce a cover component of the implant.
Clause 100. The method of any one of Clauses 97 to 99, wherein the implant is a first implant, and the method further comprises: after contacting the first implant, advancing a second implant to the target region, the second implant having first and second sections engaged with a catheter at respective first and second engagement points; releasing the first section from engagement with the catheter at the first engagement point; and before injecting the therapeutic material, permitting the implant first section to expand against a lumen wall at the target region such that the lumen becomes at least substantially occluded.
Clause 101. The method of Clause 100, further comprising releasing the second implant adjacent to the first implant.
Clause 102. The method of Clause 100, further comprising releasing the second implant within the first implant.
Clause 103. The method of any one of Clauses 97 to 102, wherein contacting the first implant comprises contacting a mesh component of the first implant with a material to dissolve coagulated material on the mesh component, thereby restoring flow through the mesh component.
Clause 104. The method of any one of Clauses 97 to 103, wherein the therapeutic material comprises a nanoparticle, a radioembolic composition, a blood substitute comprising oxygen, a photothermal agent, or a chemotherapeutic.
Clause 105. The method of Clause 104, wherein the nanoparticle comprises a gold nanoparticle or a gold-iron oxide alloy nanoparticle.
Clause 106. The method of Clause 104 or 105, wherein the nanoparticle is linked to a pH low-insertion peptide or to an antibody which binds an antigen on expressed on a cell of a cancer.
Clause 107. The method of any one of Clauses 97 to 106, wherein the catheter encases an optical fiber which extends from the proximal to the distal end of the catheter and wherein the optical fiber can emit infrared light at its distal end.
Clause 108. The method of Clause 107, wherein the optical fiber is activated to emit infrared light at its distal end after injecting the material into the target region.
Clause 109. The method of Clause 107, wherein the optical fiber is activated to emit infrared light at its distal end after injecting the material into the target region and before moving the blocking implant from the lumen.
Clause 110. The method of any one of Clauses 97 to 103, wherein the therapeutic material comprises a radiosensitizer.
Clause 111. The method of Clause 94, wherein the radiosensitizer comprises a blood substitute comprising oxygen.
Clause 112. The method of Clause 94 or 95, further comprising administering to the subject x-irradiation or γ-irradiation, wherein the x-irradiation or γ-irradiation is administered externally or internally through the catheter to the target region.
Clause 113. The implants, assemblies, or methods of any of the preceding Clauses, wherein a slot width, slot depth, catheter lumen inner diameter, catheter lumen inner diameter, engagement component diameter, aperture diameter, proximal end portion width, or proximal end portion thickness is within any of the corresponding ranges disclosed herein.
Additional features and advantages of the subject technology will be set forth in the description below, and in part will be apparent from the description, or may be learned by practice of the subject technology. The advantages of the subject technology will be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and embodiments hereof as well as the appended drawings.
It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory and are intended to provide further explanation of the subject technology.
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide further understanding of the subject technology and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate aspects of the subject technology and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the subject technology.
In the following detailed description, numerous specific details are set forth to provide a full understanding of the subject technology. It should be understood that the subject technology may be practiced without some of these specific details. In other instances, well-known structures and techniques have not been shown in detail so as not to obscure the subject technology.
While the present description sets forth specific details of various embodiments, it will be appreciated that the description is illustrative only and should not be construed in any way as limiting. It is contemplated that although particular embodiments of the present inventions may be disclosed or shown in particular contexts, such embodiments can be used in a variety of endoluminal applications. Various applications of such embodiments and modifications thereto, which may occur to those who are skilled in the art, are also encompassed by the general concepts described herein. Catheter-based therapy can include the transvascular injection of drug and/or embolic agents directly into or near the tumor vasculature using a catheter or microcatheter. Embolization therapy causes a shutdown of blood flow and, when the drug or other therapeutic is present, simultaneous release of high concentrations of the drug or other therapeutic. In some embodiments, a therapeutic material is delivered to a region near, at or containing a cancerous or hyperplasia tissue using a device and method as described herein, wherein an embolic material is not also delivered to the region. In this embodiment, an implant can be deployed (e.g., downstream of the region) prior to delivery of the therapeutic material to the region thereby providing an increased concentration of the therapeutic material within the region as compared to the concentration of the therapeutic material within the region after delivery in the absence of the implant deployed downstream of the region.
Some embodiments of the procedure, technique, and implant disclosed herein can enable a clinician, in one or a several clinical procedures, to occlude, dynamically control the flow through, or deploy a material through an implant. For example, according to some embodiments disclosed herein, procedures, techniques, and implants are provided by which an implant can be deployed into a body lumen in order to provide targeted delivery of a material, such as an embolic material, contrast agent, or therapeutic agent such as a drug or nanoparticle. In some embodiments, the embolic material is a therapeutic agent. It shall be noted that even though some of the embodiments disclosed herein may refer to the use of an embolic material, such embodiments can employ one or more materials, such as embolic materials, contrast agents, or drugs, including those disclosed herein and other acceptable materials.
In some embodiments, the therapeutic material released by the devices described herein is any therapeutic agent which is effective in treating a cancer or malignancy or another disease characterized by abnormal cellular proliferation. A therapeutic or therapeutically effective material is a material which produces a therapeutic response in a subject. The therapeutic material is effective, for example, in reducing the size of a tumor, reducing the rate of growth of a tumor, activating apoptosis of malignant cells within a tumor, preventing tumor growth, and/or preventing or reducing the rate of cellular proliferation. In some embodiments, the therapeutic material is effective to reduce tumor size by at least about 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, or 95% of the size of the tumor prior to treatment. Examples of embolic therapeutics include but are not limited to chemotherapeutics, metal nanoparticles, radiosensitizers, blood substitutes carrying oxygen, photothermal agents, and radioembolics or combinations thereof and are described in more detail below.
When used to treat a cancer, a therapeutically effective material is one which can cause or facilitate death (apoptosis) of the cancer or tumor cells, reduce the growth rate of the cancer or tumor cells, and/or prevent the growth or maintenance of cancer or tumor cells. In other embodiments. Therapeutically effective amounts are readily ascertained by one of ordinary skill in the art and can be demonstrated in vitro and/or in vivo. In some embodiments, the subject is a mammal. In other embodiments, the subject can be but is not limited to a primate, a human, a mouse, a rat, a pig or a dog.
Accordingly, in one aspect of the disclosure, a method for treating a hyperplasia disorder or a cancer is provided comprising delivery to a region at, within or near the cancerous tissues, a therapeutic material using the devices and methods described herein. In some embodiments, the cancer comprises a liver cancer, a pancreatic cancer, a leukemia, a lymphatic cancer, a brain cancer, a head and neck cancer, a lung cancer, a breast cancer, a thyroid cancer, a prostate cancer, a stomach cancer, an esophageal cancer, a colon cancer, a rectal cancer, a testicular cancer, a bladder cancer, a cervical cancer, an ovarian cancer or a skin cancer. Accordingly, in some embodiments, the method comprises administering to a subject suffering from or diagnosed with a hyperplasia disorder or cancer a therapeutic material which is effective in treating the hyperplasia disorder or cancer.
Therapeutic and/or embolic materials which can be delivered to a subject in need thereof using the devices and methods disclosed herein include but are not limited to nanoparticles, radiosensitizers, blood substitutes that carry increased oxygen, photothermal agents, radioembolics and chemotherapeutic agents or a combination thereof. Therapeutically effective agents function by essentially killing tumor cells, but can also affect normal cells in a subject's body, leading to adverse side effects. Accordingly, by using the devices and methods described herein, localized delivery of therapeutic agents or materials to a site at or near a cancerous tissue can significantly limit adverse side effects while also increasing potency of the therapeutic material as localized concentrations of the material are greater at the site of the diseased tissue as compared to concentrations obtained by, e.g., intravenous or peritoneal administration.
Nanoparticles used with the present devices and methods are biocompatible particles designed to have specific physical properties such as high absorptivity for specific wavelengths. When an energy source such as a laser producing nonionizing electromagnetic radiation is applied, conversion to heat energy occurs in metal nanoparticles owing to electron excitation and relaxation. Furthermore, lasers can be specifically tuned to the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) frequency of nanoparticles, which varies with the size, shape and composition of the nanoparticle. Much research has used gold nanoshells, particles with 100 nm silica cores and a 15 nm gold coating, which shifts the resonance peak to the near infrared region (650-950 nm) where blood and tissue are maximally transmissive. Accordingly, exposure of these nanoshells or nanoparticles to a near infrared laser results in increased temperature of the particle and surrounding cell and tissue, facilitating and accelerating death of the cancer cell.
Nanoparticles for use herein contain one or more metals such as but not limited to gold, platinum, silver, titanium, palladium molybdenum, chromium, lead, iron, cobalt, nickel, zinc, tungsten, iridium, osmium, manganese, aluminum, tantalum, bismus, or any combination thereof. Nanoparticles for therapeutic use as described herein can also be made of alloys as known to the skilled artisan including single-element oxides, multi-element oxides and compounds. Included are gold alloys such as nanoparticles having gold and an iron oxide (Fe2O3 or Fe3O4) (e.g., Gheorghe et al., 2011, Nanoscale Res Lett, 6:554-565, the entirety of which is incorporated herein by reference). The nanoparticles are generally bound to a targeting moiety such as an antibody or peptide (such as an antibody or peptide that specifically binds to a cell-surface cancer antigen), a drug or prodrug, a thermophilic enzyme or a polyethylene glycol (PEG) or PEG derivative.
Once a therapeutic material comprising the nanoparticles is delivered to the tumor site through catheterization as described herein, the nanoparticles can be taken up by and accumulate in the diseased cells and enhance effects of radiation as probable photon and electron interaction increases. In some embodiments, after delivery of the nanoparticles to the targeted region comprising the cancerous cells, the subject is administered x-radiation externally in the region of the cancer. In other embodiments, described in more detail below, one or more optical fibers are used which deliver infrared light having a wavelength of about 850 nm to 1550 nm or of about 850 nm, 1300 nm, or 1550 nm. In still other embodiments, the optical fiber(s) delivers near-infrared light having a wavelength of about 650 nm to 950 nm. Accordingly, in some embodiments, the lumen 570 encases an optical fiber(s) as described herein or as readily known to the ordinarily skilled artisan. In some embodiments, the one or more optical fibers are in independent conduits within the device or can be coupled to the device to the catheter of the device. In some other embodiments, the optical fiber(s) are in a communal lumen wherein the fiber(s) are in a lumen of the catheter which also delivers the therapeutic material. In some embodiments, the optical fiber runs the length of the catheter and is controlled by the deployment handle assembly. The distal end of the optical fiber is located near, at or distal to the distal end of the catheter to allow a user to deliver the electromagnetic radiation (e.g., infrared or near-infrared light) to the targeted region after delivery of therapeutic material (e.g., nanoparticles) as described herein. In some embodiments, the optical fiber(s) is connected to a laser source which is located outside of the catheter and in collaboration with selected connection devices. The presence of the gold particles near or in the diseased tissue results in increased radiation damage to the cells such that the same level of tumor killing is achieved with less radiation exposure to the patient. In other words, use of targeted gold nanoparticles can either reduce the amount of radiation needed, providing better patient safety, or increase the level of tumor killing without exposing the patient to more radiation.
The nanoparticles can be synthesized to have a diameter ranging from about 0.4 nm to 5000 nm, however, only nanoparticles of a size of about 1 nm to 100 nm can be internalized by cells. Accordingly, nanoparticles according to the present disclosure have a diameter of about 0.4 nm to 1000 nm, 0.4 nm to 500 nm, 0.4 nm to 250 nm, 0.4 nm to 100 nm, 0.4 nm to 75 nm, 0.4 nm to 50 nm, 25 nm to 75 nm, 40 nm to 50 nm, 0.4 nm to 25 nm, 0.4 nm to 20 nm, 0.4 nm to 15 nm, 0.4 nm to 10 nm, 0.4 nm to 5 nm, 0.4 nm to 4 nm, 0.4 nm to 3 nm, 0.4 nm to 2 nm, or 1 nm to 2 nm. Generation of gold nanoparticles is standard in the art or nanoparticles can be purchased (e.g., Nanoprobes, Inc. (Yaphank, N.Y.)).
In some embodiments, the nanoparticles (e.g., gold nanoparticles) are targeted to cancer cells by linking the nanoparticles to a pH low-insertion peptide (see, e.g., Andreev et al., 2010, Mol Membr Biol, 27:341-352; Sosunov et al., 2013, Proc Natl Acad Sci, 110:82-86; Antosh et al., 2015, Proc Natl Acad Sci, 112:5372-5376; the entireties of which are incorporated herein by reference). A pH low-insertion peptide is a moderately hydrophobic peptide that can insert into membranes (e.g., cellular membranes or liposome) at mild acidic pHs, and which locate themselves at cell surfaces where the pH is lowest. As diseased tissue has been shown to have an extracellular pH which is lower than in comparable normal tissue resulting from enhanced use of glycolysis and production of carbonic and lactic acids in the diseased cells. The pH low-insertion peptide can be conjugated or linked to a nanoparticle by, for example, a disulfide bond between a cysteine residue at an N-terminal or C-terminal end of the peptide and a functional group on the nanoparticle. In some embodiments, a monomaleimido gold nanoparticle is conjugated to a pH low-insertion peptide which contains a cysteine residue via a disulfide-bond using methods known to the ordinarily skilled artisan. In other embodiments, the pH low-insertion peptide has an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of but not limited to the peptide sequences described in Table 1 below.
In some embodiments, the gold nanoparticle conjugated to the pH low-insertion peptide is delivered to a diseased region using the devices and methods as described herein. In an alternative embodiment, a liposome comprising the gold nanoparticle conjugated to the pH low-insertion peptide (e.g., US 2015/0086617, the entirety of which is incorporated herein by reference) is delivered to the diseased region using the devices and methods as described herein.
A metal nanoparticle such as a gold or gold alloy nanoparticle (e.g., gold with iron oxide) can be attached to an antibody wherein the antibody is one which specifically binds to a tumor antigen. It is understood that a tumor antigen is a protein which is expressed on the surface of a tumor cell but it not expressed on a normal cell of the same tissue, is minimally expressed on the normal cell or is expressed on the normal cell at a level which is at least 10-fold, 100-fold or 1000-fold less than its expression on the tumor cell as determined by protein or mRNA quantitation techniques known in the art. The antibody can be a full-length antibody having both heavy and light chains or a fragment thereof which includes the antigen-binding portion of an antibody. Accordingly, the nanoparticle can be linked to an antibody fragment which can be, for example: (i) a Fab fragment, a monovalent fragment consisting of the VL, VH, CL and CH1 domains; (ii) a F(ab′)2 fragment, a bivalent fragment comprising two Fab fragments linked by a disulfide bridge at the hinge region; (iii) a Fd fragment consisting of the VH and CH1 domains; (iv) a Fv fragment consisting of the VL and VH domains of a single arm of an antibody, (v) a dAb fragment, which consists of a VH domain; (vi) a single chain Fv (scFv) in which the VL and VH regions pair to form monovalent molecules, or (vii) an isolated complementarily determining region (CDR), all of which are well known in the art.
In some embodiments, the gold/iron oxide alloy nanoparticle which is delivered to a tumor cell, for example through its association with an antibody, antibody fragment or pH low-insertion peptide, is exposed to near-infrared light waves using a laser. The light penetrates deep into the tissue, heating the nanoparticles to about 100° F., 110° F., 115° F. or 120° F. or to at least 100° F., 110° F., 115° F. or 120° F., thereby killing the cells. Accordingly, in some embodiments, a method for treating a cancer or tumor is provided comprising delivering to a target region at, near or having the cancer or tumor cells a therapeutic material using the devices and methods described herein. In some embodiments, the therapeutic material contains a metal nanoparticle. In other embodiments, the metal nanoparticle is gold or a gold alloy. In yet other embodiments, the gold alloy is a gold-iron oxide alloy. In still other embodiments, the method further comprises administering infrared or near-infrared light to the therapeutic material after delivery wherein the administering light is through an optical fiber which is encased within and extends through the catheter of the delivery device as described herein.
Another therapeutic material which can be delivered using the devices and methods described herein is referred to as radioembolics. Radioembolics are embolic materials which are associated with or linked to a radioactive agent such at 90Y. For example, glass microspheres having a diameter of about 40 μm to 50 μm are impregnated with 90Y. Accordingly, a therapeutic material comprising the 90Y microsphere is delivered to a region at or near the cancer using the devices and methods disclosed herein, providing localized radiation treatment and killing of the tumor cells.
In some embodiments, the therapeutic material delivered to the cancerous region comprises a radiosensitizer. A radiosensitizer is a drug that makes tumor cells more sensitive to radiation therapy. One example of a radiosensitizer is oxygen, increasing the effectiveness of a given dose of radiation by forming DNA-damaging free radicals. Accordingly, in some embodiments, the therapeutic material comprises a blood substitute. The blood substitute can comprise an oxygen-carrying blood substitute preparation containing an oxygen-carrying substance capable of reversibly binding and releasing oxygen in vivo. The blood substitute may include substances of native origin such as those derived from red blood cells. Alternatively, the blood substitute can contain, for example, liposome-encapsulated hemoglobin, porphyrin metal complex-albumin complex, polyethylene glycol (PEG)-modified porphyrin metal complex-albumin conjugate, hemoglobin, intra- and intermolecularly crosslinked hemoglobin, polymerized hemoglobin, PEG-modified polymerized hemoglobin, and a mixture thereof. In other embodiments, the radiosensitizer is selected from the group consisting of axol, nisonidazole, metronidazole, etanidazole, 5-fluorouracil, texaphyrin, C225 (an anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody), and cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor. The radiosensitizer may also be a prodrug (e.g., precursor substances that are converted into an active form in the body) of any of the above described radiosensitizers.
Tumor cells in a hypoxic environment may be as much as 2 to 3 times more resistant to radiation damage than those in a normal oxygen environment. Accordingly, in some embodiments a method for treating a cancer or hyperplasia disorder is provided comprising delivering a therapeutic material to a cancerous tissue in a subject through a catheter according to the devices and methods described herein wherein the therapeutic material comprises a radiosensitizer, then exposing the diseased or cancerous tissue to ionizing radiation. In some embodiments, the ionizing radiation is x-irradiation or γ-irradiation. In other embodiments, the x-ray is externally administered to the subject. In yet other embodiments, the ionizing radiation is provided by delivering to the cancerous tissue a 90Y microsphere through the catheter.
Chemotherapeutic agents can also be delivered to a cancerous region in a subject using the devices and methods described herein. The chemotherapeutic used as well as the dose used is readily determined by the person having ordinary skill in the art. Accordingly, in some embodiments, a method for treating a cancer or hyperplasia disorder in a subject is provided comprising delivering a therapeutic material to a cancerous tissue in the subject through a catheter according to the methods described herein wherein the therapeutic material comprises a chemotherapeutic agent, wherein the chemotherapeutic agent is effective in treating the cancer.
In some embodiments, the therapeutic material comprises a photothermal agent. A photothermal agent is a moiety which, when exposed to light such as infrared or near-infrared light via laser therapy using an optical fiber, rises in temperature thereby increasing the temperature of the microenvironment in which the photothermal agent is localized. Accordingly, in some embodiments, a method for treating a cancer or hyperplasia disorder in a subject is provided comprising delivering a therapeutic material to a cancerous tissue in the subject through a catheter according to the methods described herein wherein the therapeutic material comprises a photothermal agent, wherein the photothermal agent generates a rise in temperature in the cancerous tissue to which it is delivered when the photothermal agent is exposed to infrared or near-infrared light. One example of a photothermal agent is a nanoparticle comprised of gold or a gold iron-oxide alloy and which is targeted to the cancerous region as described herein.
In some embodiments, methods and implants are provided in which a clinician can deposit embolic or other therapeutic material as described herein into a target area downstream of an implanted shunt while preventing upstream flow or backflow of the particles away from the target area.
In some embodiments, an implant can be expanded into apposition with a luminal wall to at least partially occlude flow through the lumen, and embolic or other therapeutic material can be released through an aperture or valve component of the implant, thereby isolating the flow of embolic material into the target region. The valve component can comprise a one-way valve. Such procedures, techniques, and implants can be used to induce infarction of tumors, arteries, or other target body regions.
Further, in accordance with some embodiments, a clinician can place one or more implants into the vasculature and use of an implant to facilitate the delivery of a material, such as an embolic or other therapeutic material, to a target region within the body.
For example, a clinician can advance an implant to a location upstream of specific arteries and/or a target structure fed by the arteries. At least a portion of the implant can be expanded into apposition with the vessel wall, thereby reducing and/or eliminating any anterograde blood flow past the implant. Thereafter, a material can be passed through a valve component or aperture of the implant in order to pass the material toward the target region. Such embodiments advantageously enhance or increase the concentration of material delivered to the arteries and target structure. Further, in some embodiments, a distal implant can be released at a location immediately distal to the target region such that the distal implant prevents or mitigates any downstream migration of the material toward a downstream section of the vessel.
Some embodiments of the flow regulating implant can comprise a generally tubular member. In some embodiments, the tubular member can further comprise a graft, cover, or other material attached to a frame. Some implants that can be used in some embodiments are disclosed in applicant's co-pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/906,933, filed on Oct. 18, 2010, Ser. No. 13/828,974, filed on Mar. 14, 2013, and 61/835,406, filed on Jun. 14, 2013, titled “Implantable Luminal Devices and Methods,” the entireties of which are incorporated herein by reference.
The catheter 510 can be configured to move within a guide sheath when advancing the assembly 500, 500′ into a patient for treatment. The proximal portion 512 of the catheter 510 can be configured to be relatively stiff in order to enhance the pushability of the catheter 510 through the guide sheath. Further, the distal portion 514 can be relatively flexible in order to improve the maneuverability and trackability of the catheter 510 as it is advanced through the guide sheath.
The assembly 500, 500′ can also comprise an implant or device 520 loaded on the engagement section 516. The implant 520 can be supported on the engagement section 516 of the catheter 510. Further, the assembly 500, 500′ can also comprise a deployment handle assembly 530, 530′ attached to the catheter proximal portion 512. The deployment handle 530 shown in
Other features and characteristics of the assembly 500, 500′ can be provided such as those disclosed in co-pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/044,794, filed Oct. 2, 2013, the entirety of which is incorporated herein by reference.
As shown in
In accordance with some embodiments, the engagement system can be configured such that the support component comprises one or more apertures that extend through one or more portions thereof to facilitate engagement with at least one engagement component when the support component is coupled to the catheter. For example, the engagement component can extend through the lumen of the catheter adjacent an aperture, notch, or slot of the catheter and pass through an aperture of a distal end portion of the support component in order to engage the distal end portion and secure the distal end portion relative to the aperture, notch, or slot of the catheter. The aperture can extend through the support component at an end portion or other location between the end portions, such as a midportion thereof.
Further, the support component can be coupled to the catheter with the engaged portion of the support component extending through the aperture, notch, or slot of the catheter. Advantageously, the engagement between the support component and the engagement component within the catheter lumen can reduce the profile of the carrier assembly, thereby permitting the assembly to be compatible with small gauge catheters, such as sizes between about 3 Fr and about 8 Fr, about 4 Fr and about 7 Fr, or about 5 Fr and about 6 Fr. However, in some embodiments, the engagement component can extend radially external to or outwardly from the catheter lumen to engage the portion of the support component outside of the catheter lumen and still provide compatibility with small gauge catheters.
In accordance with some embodiments, the implant carrier assembly can be configured to comprise at least one engagement member that extends at least partially through the catheter lumen. The engagement member can engage at least a portion of, and in some embodiments, one or both the proximal and distal sections of the support component. The engagement member can comprise a wire. However, in some embodiments, the engagement member can comprise a plug or other structure that can interact with one or both of the proximal or distal sections of the support component.
In some embodiments, the engagement member can be actuatable or controllable using a handle assembly, as discussed further below.
For example, an engagement section of the catheter can be configured to facilitate engagement between the support component and the engagement member extending from the handle assembly. In some embodiments, the engagement member can be selectively actuated or withdrawn in order to release engagement between the support component and the engagement member. The movement of the engagement member can be configured to be a proximal withdrawal of the engagement member. However, the engagement member can also be configured such that disengagement occurs when the engagement member is distally advanced (such as when a proximally oriented hook or segment of the engagement member engages with the support component). Indeed, the engagement member can be moved a first distance (whether proximally or distally) in order to release or disengage with one of the proximal or distal sections of the support component. Further, the engagement member can be moved a second distance, greater than the first distance (whether proximally or distally) in order to release or disengage with the other one of the proximal or distal sections of the support component.
Further, in some embodiments, the engagement section of the catheter can facilitate engagement between the implant and two or more engagement members extending from the handle assembly. Although the engagement member is illustrated as extending between the proximal and distal sections of the support component, the engagement member can engage one of the proximal or distal sections while a second engagement member can be used to engage the other of the proximal or distal sections.
For example, the catheter can comprise an engagement section and a lumen. The assembly can comprise an implant or support component supported on the engagement section. In some embodiments, the lumen houses an optical fiber, described in more detail below, which extends through the length of the lumen. In some embodiments, the catheter is mated to or over-molded onto the optical fiber. Further, the assembly can comprise a first engagement member and a second engagement member 546a, 546b configured to engage with the support component, as shown in
Accordingly, in embodiments that comprise two engagement members, the engagement members can be actuated independently of each other in order to control the release of the respective proximal or distal sections of the support component or implant. Additionally, in some embodiments, the optical fiber can be actuated and controlled independently of the engagement members and the catheter in order to control the position of the distal end of the optical fiber and to control release of electromagnetic radiation from the optical fiber.
Additionally, some embodiments can be configured such that an engagement member extends through the catheter lumen and between at least one of the proximal or distal sections of the support component and the wall of the catheter. For example, the engagement member can be disposed radially between the proximal or distal section of the support component and the wall of the catheter.
For example,
Accordingly, the engagement member can secure the proximal section within the aperture to prevent movement of the proximal section in an axial direction (shown in
The engagement between the proximal section, the engagement member, and the aperture can also be present at the distal end of the support component, although it will not be discussed further herein. However, as noted, some embodiments can be implemented in which a single end of the support component is retained within an aperture or otherwise engaged by the engagement member.
In addition to
The proximal end region 541 can comprise a flattened portion, as illustrated in the cross-sectional view of
Referring still to
Further, the proximal end region 541 can comprise at least one aperture extending therethrough. In some embodiments, the aperture can extend through the proximal end region in a direction transverse to a longitudinal axis of the support component. For example, in some embodiments, the proximal end region can be flat, and the aperture can extend through the flat proximal end region, as illustrated in
The proximal end region 541 can define a width that is about equal to a width of the support component 540′. Thus, in some embodiments, the support component 540′ may not have a tapering width in the proximal end region 541. However, the support component 540′ can also taper toward a larger or smaller width in the proximal end region 541. For example, a larger width in the proximal end region 541 can facilitate the accommodation of the aperture 543 thereat. However, non-tapering or other tapering embodiments of the proximal end region 541 can define a width sufficient to accommodate the aperture 543 thereat.
In some embodiments, the width of the proximal end region 541 can be at least about two times the width, size, or diameter of the aperture 543. However, in other embodiments, the width of the proximal end region 541 can be three, four, five, or more times the width, size, or diameter of the aperture 543.
Some embodiments can also be configured such that the support component and the cover member cooperatively substantially seal the slot of the catheter lumen.
In accordance with some embodiments, the slots 539a, 539b, 539c can have proximal and distal faces 513, 515. The proximal and distal faces 513, 515 can extend in respective planes. In some embodiments, the proximal and distal faces 513, 515 can be defined by edges of the catheter through which the slot is cut. The proximal and distal faces 513, 515 (or the planes through which they extend) can be substantially parallel relative to each other (whereas the slot 539 of
As illustrated in
The slot 539b of
Further, as illustrated in
Advantageously, the slots 539a, 539b, 539c each are configured such that the proximal and distal faces of the slots 539a, 539b, 539c closely approximate the thickness of the proximal end portion 541 and the membrane 520 wrapped around the proximal end portion 541 when inserted into the slot. Accordingly, in embodiments of the catheter that do not comprise a dedicated or separate lumen for passage of material, the material passing through the catheter lumen 517 will not tend to leak from or exit the slot of the catheter lumen 517.
For example, the slots 539a, 539b, 539c can define a slot width, between the proximal and distal faces, that is between about 0.004 inches and about 0.012 inches. Further, the slot width can be between about 0.005 inches and about 0.010 inches. Furthermore, the slot width can be between about 0.006 inches and about 0.008 inches, or about 0.007 inches. As shown in
In some embodiments, the thickness of the distal end portion 541 of the support component 540 can be between about 0.002 inches and about 0.008 inches. Further, the thickness of the distal end portion 541 can be between about 0.003 inches and about 0.006 inches. In some embodiments, the thickness of the distal end portion 541 can be about 0.004 inches.
Thus, with a cover member 520 having a thickness of between about 0.0005 inches and about 0.006 inches, the distal end portion 541 and cover member 520 can fit into the slot with high dimensional accuracy in order to reduce any gap in the slot wherethrough material can exit the catheter lumen.
Additionally, the slots 539a, 539b, 539c can define a slot depth or dimension indicative of the diametric or radial extent of the slot into or through the catheter 510. The slot depth can be between about ⅕ and about ⅔ of the catheter outer diameter, such as about ¼, ⅓, or ½ of the catheter outer diameter. The slot depth can be at least ⅓, ½, ⅔, or ¾ of the width of the proximal end portion 541. For example, the slot depth can be between about 0.004 inches and about 0.110 inches. Further, the slot depth can be between about 0.008 inches and about 0.090 inches. The slot depth can be between about 0.010 inches and about 0.060 inches. Furthermore, the slot depth can be between about 0.014 inches and about 0.040 inches. The slot depth can be or between about 0.018 inches and about 0.030 inches. In some embodiments, the slot depth can be about 0.020 inches, about 0.024 inches, or about 0.028 inches.
Further, the engagement component can have a diameter of between about 0.001 inches and about 0.020 inches, between about 0.003 inches and about 0.010 inches, or between about 0.004 inches and about 0.007 inches, such as 0.005 inches.
The proximal end portion can define a width of between about 0.010 inches and about 0.030 inches, between about 0.012 inches and about 0.020 inches, between about 0.014 inches and about 0.018 inches, and in some embodiments, about 0.015 inches.
In some embodiments, the catheter lumen can have an inner diameter of between about 0.010 inches and about 0.080 inches, between about 0.015 inches and about 0.070 inches, between about 0.020 inches and about 0.060 inches, between about 0.025 inches and about 0.050 inches, or between about 0.030 inches and about 0.040 inches.
Further, the catheter can have an outer diameter of between about 0.020 inches and about 0.160 inches, between about 0.030 inches and about 0.140 inches, between about 0.040 inches and about 0.120 inches, between about 0.050 inches and about 0.100 inches, or between about 0.060 inches and about 0.080 inches. In some embodiments, the catheter outer diameter is about 3 Fr, 4 Fr, 5 Fr, 6 Fr, 7 Fr, 8 Fr, 9 Fr, 10 Fr, 11 Fr, or 12 Fr.
Thus, the slot depth can be configured such that the proximal end portion can be inserted into the slot and a sufficient width of the proximal end portion can be received within the slot to allow the aperture to be accessible to the engagement component extending within the catheter lumen.
Furthermore, although
For any embodiment of the assembly and/or implant disclosed herein, the slot width, slot depth, catheter lumen inner diameter, catheter lumen inner diameter, engagement component diameter, aperture diameter, proximal end portion width, and proximal end portion thickness can be configured within any of the ranges disclosed herein.
In some embodiments, a portion of the catheter can be configured to move beyond or through the distal portion of the implant in order to precisely deliver a material into the lumen downstream of the implant. The implant distal portion (e.g., a valve component of the implant) and the catheter distal tip can have a close fit, thus allowing material to be injected into the lumen while avoiding dispersion or diffusion of the material upstream of the implant. For example, in some embodiments, the implant proximal portion can be maintained engaged with the catheter while the implant distal portion is allowed to expand into contact with the vessel wall. The expansion of the implant distal portion can cause the implant to foreshorten and thus cause the distal portion of the catheter to move beyond or through the distal portion of the implant, whereafter material can be injected into the lumen, thus avoiding dispersion or diffusion of the material upstream of the implant.
However, in some embodiments, the implant distal portion can be maintained engaged with the catheter while the implant proximal portion is allowed to expand into contact with the vessel wall, whereafter material can be injected into the lumen, thus avoiding dispersion or diffusion of the material upstream of the implant.
According to some embodiments, while a proximal or distal portion of the implant is initially expanded with the other portion being maintained engaged with the catheter, or after both portions of the implant are expanded and released from the catheter, the catheter can be urged distally relative to the implant distal portion such that the catheter distal tip extends beyond or through the implant distal portion.
In any of such embodiments, the deployment handle and its pull member(s) can be interconnected with the engagement component(s) to allow desired actuation of the assembly and implant. When two pull members are used, the proximal pull member can be interconnected with the engagement component that controls release of either the distal or proximal implant portion. Accordingly, some embodiments disclosed herein can allow a clinician to target specific regions and precisely control the flow and dispersion of the material.
In some embodiments, the material delivery device further comprises one or more optical fibers. In some embodiments, when the implant device further comprises an optical fiber, the deployment handle and one of its pull members can be interconnected with the optical fiber to allow desired actuation of the fiber. The pull member which is interconnected with the optical fiber can be used to control the proximal and distal movement of the distal end of the optical fiber to provide administration of electromagnetic radiation near the target region after delivery of an embolic and/or therapeutic material. The deployment handle can further comprise an optic control element interconnected with the optical fiber to control the wavelength and duration of light provided by the optical fiber. In some embodiments, the material delivery device is connected to a laser source which is located outside of the catheter and in collaboration with the optical fiber. The laser source, in some embodiments, provides infrared or near-infrared light.
For example, a carrier assembly can be configured such that an engagement component can be withdrawn from the assembly and replaced with an optical fiber. This removal can occur after the portion of the implant constrained by the withdrawn engagement component has been released from the carrier assembly. Further, the pull member coupled to the withdrawn engagement component can be entirely removed and separated from the carrier assembly. However, the pull member can also be decoupled from the withdrawn engagement component and coupled to a proximal end of the optical fiber and thereafter, the optical fiber can be introduced into the carrier assembly and advanced distally to the target region. Moreover, in some embodiments, one or more of the engagement component can comprise or be made from an optical fiber. Thus, the “optical” engagement component can be used for not only mechanical engagement but also for delivering light or energy to the target area. Such embodiments can incorporate any of the various features disclosed herein.
Referring now to
In some embodiments, the cover member 544a can comprise a tubular membrane that is everted or inverted such that the outer section 545b extends along an exterior of the support component 540 and the inner section 545a extends along an interior of the support component 540. The cover member 544a can be unitarily formed as an uncut, continuous tube or can comprise one or more longitudinal cuts or breaks such that the inner or outer sections 545a, 545b comprise one or more strips of material. The cover member 544a and/or the implant 520a can comprise additional features such as those disclosed in co-pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/044,794, filed Oct. 2, 2013, the entirety of which is incorporated herein by reference.
As illustrated in
In some embodiments, such as that illustrated in
The catheter can comprise a single or dual lumen structure in combination with any of the embodiments disclosed herein.
In some embodiments, the procedure for expanding the cover component and support component of the implant can be modified such that the cover component expands into contact with the body lumen wall before the support component begins expanding. For example, the cover component can be inflated by flushing the cover component with saline or other material prior to releasing or permitting expansion of an end of the support component. This inflating step can be performed in operating any of the implants that have a substantially closed end prior to expansion of the support component, which can permit an increase in fluid pressure within the cover component sufficient to inflate the cover component (see e.g.,
Further, in some embodiments, the valve component can satisfy to seemingly opposite goals: (1) to provide eventual occlusion of the vessel and prevent or reduce reflux of material into a proximal portion of the vessel, and (2) to provide a secondary opportunity to return at a later time to provide a further treatment of the vessel without removing, destroying, or otherwise damaging the valve component.
For example, in some embodiments, the valve component can comprise a mesh or fibrous material.
The mesh portion 550b can comprise a plurality of filaments, woven ePTFE strips or sutures, or other porous, biocompatible materials. The mesh portion 550b can be coupled to the distal portion 548b, such as by being coupled to the distal portion of the cover member 544b. As illustrated in
The mesh portion 550b can also be formed with the cover member 544b from a single, continuous piece of material. For example, in some embodiments, the mesh portion 550b can be formed as a tubular body having an open end and a closed end, opposite the open end, that comprises a plurality of pores, cells, apertures, perforations, incisions, windows, or other cuts to provide a substantially mesh-type closed end.
Thus, in some embodiments, the cover member 544b can also be configured as a material having a closed mesh end. In order to manufacture some embodiments of an implant, the tubular mesh body can be moved onto the distal portion of the catheter 510, with the catheter 510 entering the open end of the tubular body. The support component 540 can then be positioned over a distal section of the tubular body and coupled relative to the catheter 510. Further, a proximal section of the tubular body, extending proximally of the support component 540, can thereafter be everted over the support component 540 to at least partially cover the support component 540. In some embodiments, the proximal section can be at least partially coupled to a corresponding portion of the distal section of the tubular body or mesh portion. Further, in some embodiments, the proximal section of the tubular body can extend fully distally of the support component 540.
In use, the mesh portion 550b can effectively protect against or tend to block proximal migration or reflux of material ejected into the downstream vasculature 559 of the vessel 561. For example, although the mesh portion 550b can be sufficiently porous (e.g., have an average pore size) that is greater than the size of particles of a material passing therethrough, thrombosis and/or the use of materials, such as glues, can tend to close the size of the pores of the mesh portion 550b. Accordingly, after the particles of the material have passed through the mesh portion 550b, the mesh portion 550b can tend to prevent proximal migration or reflux. The mesh portion 550b can thereby provide at least partial or full occlusion of the vessel 561.
Additionally, as similarly discussed further below with regard to
Accordingly, in some embodiments, the clinician can clear or unblock the mesh portion 550b to deposit further material in the target region in a second procedure without puncturing, piercing, or otherwise damaging the implant 520b. After clearing the mesh portion 550b, the clinician can inject additional material to the target region.
Additionally, in some embodiments, the clinician may elect to place a second implant at the site of the first implant (see e.g.,
Referring now to
According to some embodiments, the mesh portion 550b can be configured to block or restrict flow therethrough when the fluid pressure is less than 240 mm Hg or 5 pounds per square inch (“psi”). However, for fluid pressures above 5 psi, the mesh portion 550b can expand or deflect such that the plurality of pores, cells, apertures, perforations, incisions, windows, or other cuts opens to permit flow through the mesh portion 550b.
For example, in some embodiments, a fluid or material 571 can be injected through the catheter lumen 570 and into the interior chamber 573 such that the fluid or material 571 in the interior chamber 573 is at a pressure greater than 5 psi, such as between about 10 psi and about 200 psi, between about 40 psi and about 180 psi, or between about 70 psi and about 140 psi. The delivery pressure can be varied by using certain delivery mechanisms. For example, using a 5 mL syringe, the fluid or material can be delivered at between about 80 psi and about 100 psi. Further, using a 3 mL syringe, the fluid or material can be delivered at between about 120 psi and about 140 psi. Furthermore, using a 1 mL syringe, the fluid or material can be delivered at about 200 psi.
At such high fluid delivery pressures, the mesh portion 550b can permit passage of the material 571 (shown in
In some embodiments, the mesh portion 550b can also be configured such that the pores, cells, apertures, perforations, incisions, windows, or other cuts of the mesh portion 550b define an open configuration and a closed configuration. The open configuration can be achieved when the cover member 544b is in a generally unexpanded configuration, as illustrated in
However, upon expansion of the implant 520c (illustrated as expansion of a distal portion 548c of the implant 520c in
Further, the catheter 510, 510′ can comprise a material delivery lumen 570 through which material can be passed toward the target region. The catheter 510 can also comprise a distal port 572, 572′ in communication with the lumen 570. As noted above, when the catheter distal tip 564, 564′ moves distally beyond the distal portion 548c of the implant 520c, the port 572, 572′ will provide a clear outflow pathway for material injected through the lumen 570. The port 572, 572′ can therefore be moved into a position in which it is in unobstructed, fluid communication with the target region, as illustrated in
In some embodiments, the catheter 510 can comprise a fiber delivery lumen opposite material delivery lumen 570 through which an optical fiber can be disposed wherein the optical fiber can deliver a laser such as but not limited to erbium:yttrium-aluminium-garnet (Er:YAG) laser with a wavelength of 2.9 μm, high frequency (HF) laser with a wavelength of 2.8 μm, carbon monoxide (CO) laser with a wavelength of 5.3 μm, or carbon dioxide (CO2) laser with a wavelength of 10.6 μm. In other embodiments, the optical fiber delivers infrared light having a wavelength of about 850 nm to 1550 nm or of about 850 nm, 1300 nm, or 1550 nm. In still other embodiments, the optical fiber delivers near-infrared light having a wave length of about 650 nm to 950 nm. Accordingly, in some embodiments, the lumen 570 encases an optical fiber. In other embodiments, the catheter is co-molded or over-molded onto the optical fiber. Using methods known to the ordinarily skill artisan, the laser is applied to provide a therapeutically effective amount of light or energy, time of exposure, and depth to the region exposed to the therapeutic material. The optical fiber can traverse the length of the catheter and can be controlled using the deployment handle and/or actuation mechanism described herein.
Accordingly, a distal end portion of the optical fiber can be positioned near the region containing the cancerous tissue, although the optical fiber can be manipulated independently of the support structure. The size of the optical fiber is referred to herein by the outer diameter of its core, cladding and coating and will be a size which can fit within the delivery catheter. In some embodiments, the fiber has a core diameter of 50 μm, a cladding diameter of 125 μm, and a coating diameter of 250 μm. In other embodiments, the optical fiber has a coating diameter less than 250 μm. It is understood that if fibers need to be joined or connected together, the coating is removed.
After the desired saturation or amount of embolic material been released, the implant 520c can be entirely removed from the vessel or implanted at the target region. For example, a proximal portion 549c of the implant 520c can be released and allowed to expand into apposition with the vessel wall. Thus, in accordance with some procedures, material can be released into the target region and flow through the vessel can be occluded using the implant 520c, thereby inducing infarction of the target region.
Similar to the discussion above regarding the embodiment in
Additionally,
Similar to the discussion above regarding the embodiment in
In addition to the embodiments discussed above, which can be carried on a distal engagement section of the catheter, other embodiments can be provided in which the implant is delivered by distally advancing the implant through a lumen of the catheter. Thus, instead of engaging the implant externally to the catheter, the implant can be advanced internally to the catheter, such as by pushing or pulling the implant through the lumen. In some embodiments, support and valve components of the implant can be collapsed into an elongate position and released into an expanded position within the vessel. Features and aspects of the implants, including the support component and the valve component, are also disclosed in co-pending U.S. Application No. 61/904,376, filed Nov. 14, 2013, titled Implantable Luminal Devices and Methods (086538-0041), the entirety of which is incorporated herein by reference. Further, any of the valve components disclosed herein (see e.g.,
For example, referring to
The support component 622 and the cover component 624 can be attached to each other or be separated and freely movable relative to each other. Whether attached or separated, the support and cover components 622, 624 can be configured to be advanced through the catheter lumen 612 together, as a single unit. For example,
However, according to some embodiments, the support and cover component 622, 624 can be separated from each other and moved through the catheter lumen 612 independently of each other. For example, the implant 620 can also be configured such that the support component 622 is deployed into the cover component 624 after the cover component 624 has been positioned within the vessel.
Once the implant 620 reaches the target area,
The cover component 624 can comprise a valve component 626 and a sheath portion 628. The valve component 626 and the sheath portion 628 can form a substantially continuous sleeve or layer (e.g., having a seal between the valve component 626 and the sheath portion 628 such that fluid passes only through an aperture or opening of the valve component 626) into which the support component 622 can expand. The aperture or opening can have a size between about 100 microns and about 3,000 microns, about 500 microns and about 2,800 microns, or about 1,000 microns and about 2,500 microns. The sheath portion 628 can be porous, nonporous, and/or comprise one or more portions that are nonporous, such as impermeable graft or other such sections.
Additionally, as illustrated above and in
The support component 622, 652 of the implant 620, 650 can be configured as illustrated in
In accordance with some embodiments, the movable component 660 can be moved relative to the first end 662 in response to pressure or a longitudinal force exerted against the movable component 660. For example, the movable component 660 can move away from the support component 652 (e.g., from the closed position 672 toward the open position 674 shown in
For example, the movable component 660 may move toward and away from the nonmovable component 682. With blood flow entering the opening 684 in the nonmovable component 682, the smaller, movable component 660 can separate from the nonmovable component 682, thus creating a space for blood to pass. At a pressure less than a normal systolic pressure (e.g., less than about 120 mm Hg, less than about 110 mm Hg, less than about 100 mm Hg, less than about 90 mm Hg, or less than about 80 mm Hg), the movable component 660 can return or fall back against at least the nonmovable component 682, thus at least partially closing the opening 684 or sealing against retrograde or backflow through the vessel.
The movable component 660 can be coupled relative to the first end 662. For example, the movable component 660 can be attached using at least one fastener 680. The fastener 680 can be elastic, resilient, flexible, or inelastic. The fastener 680 can comprise at least one hinge-type fastener, a strap-type fastener, and/or material having one or more apertures extending therethrough such that fluid or material can pass out of the first end 662 of the implant 650 past the movable component 660 when the movable component 660 is in the open position 670. Thus, as illustrated in
According to some embodiments, the valve component 654a can also comprise a nonmovable component 682. The nonmovable component 682 can be attached to the support component 652. The nonmovable component 682 can comprise a material formed separately from and later attached to the support component 652. The nonmovable component 682 can comprise a plate, three-dimensional structure, a wire, or other feature that is attached to, dried onto, or otherwise coupled to the support component 652. For example, the nonmovable component 682 can be coupled to the distal end 662 of the support component 652 such that the nonmovable component 682 does not move longitudinally relative to the support component 652. In some embodiments, the nonmovable component 682 can be fixed relative to the support component 652.
The nonmovable component 682 can comprise at least one opening 684 through which fluid or material passing through the lumen of the implant 650 can flow and exit the lumen of the implant 650. The opening 684 can comprise one or more apertures that are formed in the nonmovable component 682. The movable component 660 can have a size greater than the size of the opening 684 such that when positioned over the opening 684, the movable component 660 can block flow through the opening 684.
In some embodiments, the nonmovable component 682 and the movable component 660 can be configured to nest, mate, or be positioned flush against each other when the valve component 654a is in the closed position. In such embodiments, the nested, mated, or flush positioning of the nonmovable and movable components 682, 660 can allow the valve component 654a to at least partially obstruct or fully block flow through the valve component 654a when in the closed position.
For example, the nonmovable component 682 and the movable component 660 can each have shapes that correspond to each other and permit the valve component to at least partially obstruct or fully block flow therethrough. In some embodiments, the nonmovable component 682 can have a substantially flat or planar shape and the movable component 660 can also have a substantially flat or planar shape. Such an embodiment as illustrated in
Further, in some embodiments, the nonmovable component 682 can have a curved or arcuate shape and the movable component 660 can also have a curved or arcuate shape. As illustrated in
In some embodiments, the movable and/or nonmovable components 660, 682 can be formed from a film layer, such as a fabric or other polymer (e.g., ePTFE) film that is attached to one or more of the loops of the support component 652. As shown, the nonmovable component 682 can comprise an annular or doughnut-shaped component, and the movable component 660 can comprise a solid round panel that is oversized relative to the opening 684 in the nonmovable component 682.
Referring now to
In the embodiment illustrated in
The valve component 654b can comprise an elastic, flexible, or deflectable material that can be biased to maintain the closed position 692 unless a threshold level of pressure is met, such as pressure exceeding a normal systolic pressure (e.g., about 120 mm Hg). Further, the valve component 654b can move toward the closed position 692 when the pressure is below a normal systolic pressure (e.g., less than about 120 mm Hg, less than about 110 mm Hg, less than about 100 mm Hg, less than about 90 mm Hg, or less than about 80 mm Hg).
Further, as shown in
In some embodiments, the edges 700 of the aperture 702 can comprise a frame element. Both of the edges 700 can have a frame element extending therealong. The frame element can function to maintain an arcuate shape of the edges 700 such that the edges 700 can reliably meet and avoid gapping or spaces therebetween when the edges 700 meet in the closed position (as shown in
As noted above with respect to the valve components 654a, 654b, the valve component 654c can also comprise an elastic, flexible, or deflectable material that can be biased to maintain the closed position 710 unless a threshold level of pressure is met, such as pressure exceeding a normal systolic pressure (e.g., about 120 mm Hg). Further, the valve component 654c can move toward the closed position 710 when the pressure is below a normal systolic pressure (e.g., less than about 120 mm Hg, less than about 110 mm Hg, less than about 100 mm Hg, less than about 90 mm Hg, or less than about 80 mm Hg).
Methods of Material Delivery
According to some embodiments disclosed herein, procedures, techniques, and implants are provided by which an implant can be deployed into a body lumen in order to deliver a material (e.g., embolic material, therapeutic material, contrast agents, or drugs) to a target body region.
In some embodiments, the procedure can be performed such that one or more implants is fully expanded into contact with the lumen and released thereat in order to at least partially occlude flow through the lumen. Thereafter, the material can be injected through an aperture or valve of the implant into the lumen at a location downstream of the implant.
In addition, the implant can be left in place to at least partially occlude the lumen after the material has been delivered. In some instances, the implant can fully or at least substantially occlude the lumen immediately after its release into the lumen. In order to do so, the aperture or valve of the implant is closed.
The valve component of the implant can be configured to become at least partially closed once the catheter carrying the implant is withdrawn and the implant is fully released into the lumen. For example, the valve component can be at least partially closed or sealed to at least a frame of the implant, thereby at least partially closing or sealing the implant distal portion. The valve component can be closed or sealed using embolic material, adhesives, or other such materials.
In some embodiments, as discussed above, a portion of the catheter can be configured to move beyond or through the distal portion of the implant or have a close fit with the implant in order to precisely deliver a material into the lumen downstream of the implant and avoid dispersion or diffusion of the material upstream of the implant.
For example, the implant proximal portion can be maintained engaged with the catheter while the implant distal portion is allowed to expand into contact with the vessel wall (see e.g.,
However, in some embodiments, the implant distal portion can be maintained engaged with the catheter while the implant proximal portion is allowed to expand into contact with the vessel wall (see e.g.,
Reflux of material against the implant (e.g., embolic or adhesive material) can cause at least a portion of the implant to become closed (see e.g.,
Further, the valve component can be closed mechanically, such as by being biased toward a closed position. Mechanical biasing can cause the valve component to be released and move toward its closed position once the implant is released and disengaged from by the catheter.
Referring initially to
An implant carrier assembly 762 can be advanced to the target region. In some embodiments, the implant carrier assembly 762 can be advanced through the catheter 760 toward a distal portion of the catheter 760, as shown in
For example,
Thus, in some embodiments, including that illustrated in
The implant 766 and the supporting catheter 764 can have a passing profile or outer diameter of between about 3 Fr and about 8 Fr, or that can be compatible with a guide catheter having a size of between about 3 Fr and about 12 Fr. Further, as similarly noted above, the guidewire 767 can have a size of between about 0.005 inches and about 0.030 inches, between about 0.008 inches and about 0.024 inches, or between about 0.010 inches and about 0.018 inches, such as 0.010 inches, 0.014 inches, or 0.018 inches.
When used, as shown in
Next, referring to
For example, in some embodiments, such as that illustrated in
Further, in some embodiments, such as that illustrated in
After flow has been at least partially occluded,
In some embodiments, after desired material has been delivered and if the implant is to remain in place within the lumen, material immediately adjacent to the valve component of the implant can function to at least partially close or seal the valve component. For example, in embodiments such as those that use the implant illustrated above in
In some embodiments, the remaining portion of the implant 766 is expanded or released and the catheter 764 can be removed from the vessel 750, as shown in
According to some embodiments, implants can be deployed in lumens having dimensions of between about 2 mm and about 20 mm. The target delivery profile can be about 6 Fr or smaller. For example, the implant assembly can be compatible with a guide catheter having a size of between about 3 Fr and about 12 Fr.
According to some embodiments, implants disclosed herein can have a fibrous membrane feature can be used in various clinical applications, as discussed above. According to some embodiments, implants disclosed herein having a fibrous membrane feature can have an expanded diameter of between about 3 mm and about 22 mm.
In addition, the methods and procedures discussed above with respect to
For example,
In the illustrated embodiment of
As noted above, the first and/or second implants 800, 820 can be released and left in the vessel 802 in order to provide occlusion of the vessel. However, according to some embodiments, one or both of the first or second implants 800, 820 can be removed from the vessel 802 after the material has been delivered to the arteries 806 and target structure 804. Thus, procedures can be provided that allow temporary occlusion of a blood vessel in order to treat a target structure while thereafter being able to restore blood flow through the previously occluded artery.
Such embodiments advantageously mitigate any upstream migration of the material 822 toward an upstream section 832 of the vessel, and can tend to enhance or increase the concentration of material delivered to the arteries 806 and target structure 804. In some embodiments, the procedure can also mitigate any downstream migration of the material 822 toward a downstream section 830 of the vessel. Further, such a dual-implant system or procedure can also mitigate any upstream migration of the material 822 toward an upstream section 832 of the vessel 802. Embodiments of this technique allow confident and precise application of material in any of a variety of situations, such as those mentioned above.
As discussed herein and as illustrated with respect to
Therefore, according to some embodiments, after a first treatment or procedure in which a first occlusive implant has been released into a vessel or artery and remained thereat, at least partially occluding the vessel for a given period of time, a second procedure can be performed to remove and/or modify the first occlusive implant using the catheter and/or a second occlusive implant.
For example, depending on the therapeutic strategy, if a clinician believes that the target body region may benefit from a second treatment or procedure, a second procedure can be undertaken in which the first occlusive implant can be removed and/or modified. The second procedure can be performed after one, two, three, four, five or six months, or longer, and depends on the health of the patient and need for such a procedure.
The second procedure can be performed by removing the first implant and/or modifying the first implant, such as by restoring flow through a valve of the first implant. The first option for the second procedure comprises removing the first implant from the vessel using a removal device. After removal, the first implant can be replaced by a new, second implant.
Another option for the second procedure comprises modifying the first occlusive implant, such as by restoring flow through the first implant, physically altering the first implant 970 (see
In some embodiments, the first implant 970 can be modified by penetrating or punching a hole or aperture in the cover member or otherwise removing a portion of the first implant 970. The punching can comprise disconnecting, opening, or otherwise tearing a valve component from the first implant distal portion. The hole or aperture can be made in order to restore flow at least partially through the first implant 970, thereby allowing revascularization of the target body region.
For example,
Thus, if determined appropriate, such revascularization can provide the final step to the procedure and no further occlusion may be necessary. However, as necessary, additional optional steps can be taken to occlude or otherwise treat the target region.
Once the first implant 970 has been modified, and flow has been restored, a further procedure may be performed. If the deposition of another material, such as an embolic material, contrast agent, or drug, is recommended for the target body region, such material can then be deposited toward the target region. For example, after revascularizing the vessel, the clinician can deposit additional material, e.g., therapeutic material, toward the target region without delivering an additional implant to at least partially occlude the vessel. However, in some embodiments, the injection of additional material can include using and/or placing a second implant in the vessel. The second implant can comprise any of the implants disclosed herein or be operated using any of the methods disclosed herein, such as any of the methods or treatment procedures illustrated in
Referring to
In the embodiment shown in
In some embodiments, the second implant 980 can be coupled to or attached to the first implant 970 when released into the lumen. For example, the second implant 980 can sit entirely within the first implant 970. However, a distal portion of the second implant 980 can be configured to extend distally beyond the distal portion of the first implant 970 to facilitate passage of a material therethrough.
The second implant 980 can then be used in a manner as discussed herein with respect to other embodiments, such as for providing a material to a downstream target region.
Additionally, although the illustrated methods and procedures shown and described with respect to
According to various aspects of the subject technology, implants disclosed herein may be used for various applications for reducing or stopping flow through a luminal structure in a patient and inducing infarction of a target tissue. Implants of the subject technology may be used for rapid, well-controlled, and reliable occlusion of luminal structures. For example, the luminal structure may comprise at least one of a blood vessel, a body organ, a lung, an airway, a Fallopian tube, a cervical canal, a vagina, a cervix, a vas deferens, a bronchus, a ureter, a colon, a rectum, an anus, a bio duct, a pancreatic duct, or other suitable tubular structures known to those of ordinary skill in the art. In some embodiments, implants of the present disclosure may be used for temporary occlusion in cases of lung disease, or for temporary occlusion of female reproductive organs for contraceptive purposes. In some embodiments, implants of the present disclosure may be removed, or flow may be restored through the luminal structure to restore original organ functions.
In addition to the applications mentioned above, some embodiments of the implants of the present disclosure may be used for various endoluminal occlusion procedures, including procedures for the lungs (e.g., selective endobronchial occlusion for lung reduction, occlusion of bronchopleural or bronchocutaneous fistulas, endovascular occlusion of pulmonary AVMs and fistulas or aortopulmonary anastomoses) and procedures for reproductive organs (e.g., endoluminal occlusion of vas deferens or Fallopian tubes for minimally-invasive contraceptive intervention, endovascular occlusion of varicocele in males and low abdominal gonadal veins for reducing or completely eliminating chronic pelvic pain syndrome in females). In some embodiments, implants of the present disclosure may be used for stopping blood loss from a damaged blood vessel, closing an abnormal blood vessel or a blood vessel supplying a vascular anamaly, or interrupting blood supply to an organ or part of an organ for permanent devascularization (e.g., closure of splenic artery in spleen laceration, devascularization of tissues involved by neoplastic process, either pre-operatively or as a palliative measure). In some embodiments, implants of the present disclosure may be used for various endovascular (e.g., neural and peripheral) procedures, head and neck AVFs, dissecting intracranial and extracranial vessels, traumatic and non-traumatic vessel injury or rupture (e.g., pelvic hemorrhages in trauma patients, carotid blow-out in patients with head and neck cancers, hemorrhage induced by a neoplasia, etc.), and devascularization prior to (or as an alternative to) surgical resection of various organs or tumors.
In certain embodiments, implants of the present disclosure may be used for various organs, including for example, the spleen (e.g., endovascular occlusion as a preoperative intervention or as an alternative to surgical resection with indications including traumatic hemorrhage, hypersplenism, bleeding secondary to portal hypertension or splenic vein thrombosis, and various disorders such as thalassemia major, thrombocytopenia, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, Gaucher disease, and Hodgkin disease), the liver (e.g., occlusion of portal veins collaterals as adjunct to transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (“TIPS”), occlusion of the TIPS itself in cases of encephalopathy, occlusion of intrahepatic arterioportal fistulas), the kidney (e.g., endoluminal ureteral occlusion for intractable lower urinary tract fistula with urine leakage, or for the treatment of uretero-arterial fistulae, endovascular occlusion as an alternative to surgical resection for end-stage renal disease or renovascular hypertension requiring unilateral or bilateral nephrectomy and renal transplant with native kidneys in situ), and the heart (e.g., occlusion of coronary AVFs, transarterial embolization of Blalock-Taussig shunts). The application of implants of the present disclosure is not limited to applications for human patients, but may also include veterinary applications.
According to various embodiments of the subject technology, a cover component of an implant may be used to occlude, partially or completely, luminal structure in which a respective implant is deployed. In some embodiments as used herein, occlusion may refer to either partial or complete occlusion. In some embodiments, cover components can comprise at least one of a polyurethane, a polyanhidrate, PTFE, ePTFE, silicone, and other suitable materials known to those of ordinary skill in the art. In some embodiments, cover components may be elastic. In some embodiments, cover components may be permeable or non-permeable.
In some embodiments, an average thickness of a cover component can be between about 0.0005 inches and about 0.006 inches. In some aspects, the average thickness of a cover component may be less than about 0.0005 inches or greater than about 0.006 inches. In certain embodiments, an average thickness of a distal portion of a cover component is greater than an average thickness of a proximal portion of a cover component. Such a configuration may ensure that more flow may be reduced at the distal portion of a cover component. In some embodiments, the average thickness of the distal portion of a cover component is between about 0.002 inches and about 0.012 inches. In some embodiments, the average thickness of the distal portion of a cover component may be less than about 0.002 inches or greater than about 0.012 inches. In some embodiments, the average thickness of the proximal portion of a cover component is between about 0.0005 inches and about 0.006 inches. In some embodiments, the average thickness of the proximal portion of a cover component may be less than about 0.0005 inches or greater than about 0.006 inches.
Some embodiments of the implant described herein can incorporate one or more features of implants and/or implant deployment systems
The foregoing description is provided to enable a person skilled in the art to practice the various configurations described herein. While the subject technology has been particularly described with reference to the various figures and configurations, it should be understood that these are for illustration purposes only and should not be taken as limiting the scope of the subject technology.
There may be many other ways to implement the subject technology. Various functions and elements described herein may be partitioned differently from those shown without departing from the scope of the subject technology. Various modifications to these configurations will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and generic principles defined herein may be applied to other configurations. Thus, many changes and modifications may be made to the subject technology, by one having ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the scope of the subject technology.
It is understood that the specific order or hierarchy of steps in the processes disclosed is an illustration of exemplary approaches. Based upon design preferences, it is understood that the specific order or hierarchy of steps in the processes may be rearranged. Some of the steps may be performed simultaneously. The accompanying method claims present elements of the various steps in a sample order, and are not meant to be limited to the specific order or hierarchy presented.
As used herein, the phrase “at least one of” preceding a series of items, with the term “and” or “or” to separate any of the items, modifies the list as a whole, rather than each member of the list (i.e., each item). The phrase “at least one of” does not require selection of at least one of each item listed; rather, the phrase allows a meaning that includes at least one of any one of the items, and/or at least one of any combination of the items, and/or at least one of each of the items. By way of example, the phrases “at least one of A, B, and C” or “at least one of A, B, or C” each refer to only A, only B, or only C; any combination of A, B, and C; and/or at least one of each of A, B, and C.
Terms such as “top,” “bottom,” “front,” “rear” and the like as used in this disclosure should be understood as referring to an arbitrary frame of reference, rather than to the ordinary gravitational frame of reference. Thus, a top surface, a bottom surface, a front surface, and a rear surface may extend upwardly, downwardly, diagonally, or horizontally in a gravitational frame of reference.
Furthermore, to the extent that the term “include,” “have,” or the like is used in the description or the claims, such term is intended to be inclusive in a manner similar to the term “comprise” as “comprise” is interpreted when employed as a transitional word in a claim.
The word “exemplary” is used herein to mean “serving as an example, instance, or illustration.” Any embodiment described herein as “exemplary” is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other embodiments.
A reference to an element in the singular is not intended to mean “one and only one” unless specifically stated, but rather “one or more.” Pronouns in the masculine (e.g., his) include the feminine and neuter gender (e.g., her and its) and vice versa. The term “some” refers to one or more. Underlined and/or italicized headings and subheadings are used for convenience only, do not limit the subject technology, and are not referred to in connection with the interpretation of the description of the subject technology. All structural and functional equivalents to the elements of the various configurations described throughout this disclosure that are known or later come to be known to those of ordinary skill in the art are expressly incorporated herein by reference and intended to be encompassed by the subject technology. Moreover, nothing disclosed herein is intended to be dedicated to the public regardless of whether such disclosure is explicitly recited in the above description.
While certain aspects and embodiments of the inventions have been described, these have been presented by way of example only, and are not intended to limit the scope of the inventions. Indeed, the novel methods and systems described herein may be embodied in a variety of other forms without departing from the spirit thereof. The accompanying claims and their equivalents are intended to cover such forms or modifications as would fall within the scope and spirit of the inventions.
This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/101,171, filed on Dec. 9, 2013, which claims the priority benefit of U.S. Provisional Application Nos. 61/835,406, filed Jun. 14, 2013, 61/835,461, filed Jun. 14, 2013, and 61/900,321, filed Nov. 5, 2013, the entirety of each of which is incorporated herein by reference.
| Number | Name | Date | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 3805767 | Erb | Apr 1974 | A |
| 3868956 | Alfidi et al. | Mar 1975 | A |
| 3877434 | Ferguson et al. | Apr 1975 | A |
| 3918431 | Sinnreich | Nov 1975 | A |
| 4013063 | Bucalo | Mar 1977 | A |
| 4245623 | Erb | Jan 1981 | A |
| 4503569 | Dotter | Mar 1985 | A |
| 4553545 | Maass et al. | Nov 1985 | A |
| 4649922 | Wiktor | Mar 1987 | A |
| 4682592 | Thorsgard | Jul 1987 | A |
| 4705517 | DiPisa, Jr. | Nov 1987 | A |
| 4706671 | Weinrib | Nov 1987 | A |
| 4733665 | Palmaz | Mar 1988 | A |
| 4739762 | Palmaz | Apr 1988 | A |
| 4768507 | Fischell et al. | Sep 1988 | A |
| 4776337 | Palmaz | Oct 1988 | A |
| 4800882 | Gianturco | Jan 1989 | A |
| 4827946 | Kaali et al. | May 1989 | A |
| 4878906 | Lindemann et al. | Nov 1989 | A |
| 4913141 | Hillstead | Apr 1990 | A |
| 4969890 | Sugita et al. | Nov 1990 | A |
| 5037427 | Harada et al. | Aug 1991 | A |
| 5065751 | Wolf | Nov 1991 | A |
| 5089005 | Harada | Feb 1992 | A |
| 5102417 | Palmaz | Apr 1992 | A |
| 5147370 | McNamara et al. | Sep 1992 | A |
| 5177075 | Suto | Jan 1993 | A |
| 5234437 | Sepetka | Aug 1993 | A |
| 5242451 | Harada et al. | Sep 1993 | A |
| 5242452 | Inoue | Sep 1993 | A |
| 5304198 | Samson | Apr 1994 | A |
| 5324306 | Makower et al. | Jun 1994 | A |
| 5334210 | Gianturco | Aug 1994 | A |
| 5342387 | Summers | Aug 1994 | A |
| 5372600 | Beyar et al. | Dec 1994 | A |
| 5417708 | Hall et al. | May 1995 | A |
| 5474089 | Waynant | Dec 1995 | A |
| 5476505 | Limon | Dec 1995 | A |
| 5499995 | Teirstein | Mar 1996 | A |
| 5536274 | Neuss | Jul 1996 | A |
| 5562641 | Flomenblit et al. | Oct 1996 | A |
| 5562698 | Parker | Oct 1996 | A |
| 5601818 | Freeman | Feb 1997 | A |
| 5607445 | Summers | Mar 1997 | A |
| 5656036 | Palmaz | Aug 1997 | A |
| 5674287 | Slepian et al. | Oct 1997 | A |
| 5693083 | Baker et al. | Dec 1997 | A |
| 5702419 | Berry et al. | Dec 1997 | A |
| 5725552 | Kotula et al. | Mar 1998 | A |
| 5733329 | Wallace et al. | Mar 1998 | A |
| 5772668 | Summers et al. | Jun 1998 | A |
| 5782860 | Epstein et al. | Jul 1998 | A |
| 5797952 | Klein | Aug 1998 | A |
| 5797953 | Tekulve | Aug 1998 | A |
| 5830222 | Makower | Nov 1998 | A |
| 5842621 | Gschwind | Dec 1998 | A |
| 5868782 | Frantzen | Feb 1999 | A |
| 5902266 | Leone et al. | May 1999 | A |
| 5922009 | Epstein et al. | Jul 1999 | A |
| 5925063 | Khosravi | Jul 1999 | A |
| 5925074 | Gingras et al. | Jul 1999 | A |
| 5928260 | Chin et al. | Jul 1999 | A |
| 5944738 | Amplatz et al. | Aug 1999 | A |
| 5954766 | Zadno-Azizi et al. | Sep 1999 | A |
| 5957929 | Brenneman | Sep 1999 | A |
| 5976179 | Inoue | Nov 1999 | A |
| 5979446 | Loy | Nov 1999 | A |
| 6010517 | Baccaro | Jan 2000 | A |
| 6019779 | Thorud et al. | Feb 2000 | A |
| 6024765 | Wallace et al. | Feb 2000 | A |
| 6056770 | Epstein et al. | May 2000 | A |
| 6059825 | Hobbs et al. | May 2000 | A |
| 6083257 | Taylor et al. | Jul 2000 | A |
| 6117157 | Tekulve | Sep 2000 | A |
| 6123715 | Amplatz | Sep 2000 | A |
| 6168622 | Mazzocchi | Jan 2001 | B1 |
| 6190353 | Makower et al. | Feb 2001 | B1 |
| 6210338 | Afremov et al. | Apr 2001 | B1 |
| 6214042 | Jacobsen et al. | Apr 2001 | B1 |
| 6241678 | Afremov et al. | Jun 2001 | B1 |
| 6241758 | Cox | Jun 2001 | B1 |
| 6245090 | Gilson et al. | Jun 2001 | B1 |
| 6248122 | Klumb et al. | Jun 2001 | B1 |
| 6258119 | Hussein et al. | Jul 2001 | B1 |
| 6277103 | Lauer | Aug 2001 | B1 |
| 6283983 | Makower et al. | Sep 2001 | B1 |
| 6334864 | Amplatz et al. | Jan 2002 | B1 |
| 6346118 | Baker et al. | Feb 2002 | B1 |
| 6361558 | Hieshima et al. | Mar 2002 | B1 |
| 6368339 | Amplatz | Apr 2002 | B1 |
| 6371953 | Beyar et al. | Apr 2002 | B1 |
| 6371979 | Beyar et al. | Apr 2002 | B1 |
| 6402760 | Fedida | Jun 2002 | B1 |
| 6402772 | Amplatz et al. | Jun 2002 | B1 |
| 6432116 | Callister et al. | Aug 2002 | B1 |
| 6432127 | Kim et al. | Aug 2002 | B1 |
| 6447531 | Amplatz | Sep 2002 | B1 |
| 6451025 | Jervis | Sep 2002 | B1 |
| 6454780 | Wallace | Sep 2002 | B1 |
| 6464712 | Epstein et al. | Oct 2002 | B1 |
| 6468301 | Amplatz et al. | Oct 2002 | B1 |
| 6485524 | Strecker | Nov 2002 | B2 |
| 6488700 | Klumb et al. | Dec 2002 | B2 |
| 6506204 | Mazzocchi | Jan 2003 | B2 |
| 6514285 | Pinchasik | Feb 2003 | B1 |
| 6533805 | Jervis | Mar 2003 | B1 |
| 6550480 | Feldman et al. | Apr 2003 | B2 |
| 6554849 | Jones et al. | Apr 2003 | B1 |
| 6562064 | deBeer | May 2003 | B1 |
| 6572643 | Gharibadeh | Jun 2003 | B1 |
| 6572648 | Klumb et al. | Jun 2003 | B1 |
| 6579303 | Amplatz | Jun 2003 | B2 |
| 6585760 | Fogarty | Jul 2003 | B1 |
| 6599308 | Amplatz | Jul 2003 | B2 |
| 6602271 | Adams et al. | Aug 2003 | B2 |
| 6616675 | Evard et al. | Sep 2003 | B1 |
| 6623518 | Thompson et al. | Sep 2003 | B2 |
| 6629981 | Bui et al. | Oct 2003 | B2 |
| 6638243 | Kupiecki | Oct 2003 | B2 |
| 6638257 | Amplatz | Oct 2003 | B2 |
| 6638293 | Makower et al. | Oct 2003 | B1 |
| 6645237 | Klumb et al. | Nov 2003 | B2 |
| 6656207 | Epstein et al. | Dec 2003 | B2 |
| 6660020 | Wallace et al. | Dec 2003 | B2 |
| 6660032 | Klumb et al. | Dec 2003 | B2 |
| 6663666 | Quiachon et al. | Dec 2003 | B1 |
| 6682546 | Amplatz | Jan 2004 | B2 |
| 6689148 | Sawhney et al. | Feb 2004 | B2 |
| 6702846 | Mikus et al. | Mar 2004 | B2 |
| 6719781 | Kim | Apr 2004 | B1 |
| 6790218 | Jayaraman | Sep 2004 | B2 |
| 6790223 | Reever | Sep 2004 | B2 |
| 6849081 | Sepetka et al. | Feb 2005 | B2 |
| 6872211 | White et al. | Mar 2005 | B2 |
| 6890341 | Dieck et al. | May 2005 | B2 |
| 6899730 | Rivelli, Jr. | May 2005 | B1 |
| 6936058 | Forde et al. | Aug 2005 | B2 |
| 6974473 | Barclay et al. | Dec 2005 | B2 |
| 6984244 | Perez et al. | Jan 2006 | B2 |
| 7001409 | Amplatz | Feb 2006 | B2 |
| 7011643 | Villafana et al. | Mar 2006 | B2 |
| 7011671 | Welch | Mar 2006 | B2 |
| 7144408 | Keegan et al. | Dec 2006 | B2 |
| 7152605 | Khairkhahan et al. | Dec 2006 | B2 |
| 7220270 | Sawhney et al. | May 2007 | B2 |
| 7270668 | Andreas et al. | Sep 2007 | B2 |
| 7276077 | Zadno-Azizi et al. | Oct 2007 | B2 |
| 7294146 | Chew et al. | Nov 2007 | B2 |
| 7303571 | Makower et al. | Dec 2007 | B2 |
| 7387641 | Schmitt | Jun 2008 | B2 |
| 7396362 | Jervis | Jul 2008 | B2 |
| 7398780 | Callister et al. | Jul 2008 | B2 |
| 7434578 | Dillard | Oct 2008 | B2 |
| 7458986 | Schmitt | Dec 2008 | B2 |
| 7476232 | Deal | Jan 2009 | B2 |
| 7582100 | Johnson et al. | Sep 2009 | B2 |
| 7597704 | Frazier et al. | Oct 2009 | B2 |
| 7604649 | McGuckin, Jr. et al. | Oct 2009 | B2 |
| 7632291 | Stephens et al. | Dec 2009 | B2 |
| 7647930 | Ginn | Jan 2010 | B2 |
| 7651521 | Ton et al. | Jan 2010 | B2 |
| 7666204 | Thornton et al. | Feb 2010 | B2 |
| 7682673 | Houston et al. | Mar 2010 | B2 |
| 7691124 | Balgobin | Apr 2010 | B2 |
| 7699056 | Tran et al. | Apr 2010 | B2 |
| 7740616 | Smith et al. | Jun 2010 | B2 |
| 7771463 | Ton et al. | Aug 2010 | B2 |
| 7785343 | Johnson et al. | Aug 2010 | B2 |
| 7785631 | Roser et al. | Aug 2010 | B2 |
| 7789860 | Brady et al. | Sep 2010 | B2 |
| 7789892 | Johnson et al. | Sep 2010 | B2 |
| 7803177 | Hartley et al. | Sep 2010 | B2 |
| 7854747 | Johnson et al. | Dec 2010 | B2 |
| 7862602 | Licata et al. | Jan 2011 | B2 |
| 7955343 | Makower et al. | Jun 2011 | B2 |
| 7967837 | Vale | Jun 2011 | B2 |
| 7985250 | Kaufmann et al. | Jul 2011 | B2 |
| 7992565 | McGuckin, Jr. et al. | Aug 2011 | B2 |
| 8016870 | Chew et al. | Sep 2011 | B2 |
| 8016880 | Cook et al. | Sep 2011 | B2 |
| 8043357 | Hartley | Oct 2011 | B2 |
| 8100958 | Fischer et al. | Jan 2012 | B2 |
| 8110267 | Houston et al. | Feb 2012 | B2 |
| 8114114 | Belson | Feb 2012 | B2 |
| 8118852 | Melsheimer | Feb 2012 | B2 |
| 8142456 | Rosqueta et al. | Mar 2012 | B2 |
| 8162970 | Gilson et al. | Apr 2012 | B2 |
| 8226679 | Johnson et al. | Jul 2012 | B2 |
| 8226704 | Caro et al. | Jul 2012 | B2 |
| 8298257 | Sepetka et al. | Oct 2012 | B2 |
| 8308754 | Belson | Nov 2012 | B2 |
| 8323305 | Epstein et al. | Dec 2012 | B2 |
| 8323350 | Nissl | Dec 2012 | B2 |
| 8328840 | Gailloud et al. | Dec 2012 | B2 |
| 8333783 | Braun et al. | Dec 2012 | B2 |
| 8333796 | Tompkins et al. | Dec 2012 | B2 |
| 8343167 | Henson | Jan 2013 | B2 |
| 8348994 | Leopold et al. | Jan 2013 | B2 |
| 8382771 | Gellman et al. | Feb 2013 | B2 |
| 8382821 | Richter | Feb 2013 | B2 |
| 8398700 | Leopold et al. | Mar 2013 | B2 |
| 8425549 | Lenker et al. | Apr 2013 | B2 |
| 8430904 | Belson | Apr 2013 | B2 |
| 8663301 | Riina et al. | Mar 2014 | B2 |
| 8808342 | Ludwig | Aug 2014 | B2 |
| 8834544 | Gerrans et al. | Sep 2014 | B2 |
| 20010000798 | Denardo | May 2001 | A1 |
| 20010007946 | Lenker et al. | Jul 2001 | A1 |
| 20010031981 | Evans et al. | Oct 2001 | A1 |
| 20010037146 | Lau et al. | Nov 2001 | A1 |
| 20010044648 | Wolinsky et al. | Nov 2001 | A1 |
| 20010046518 | Sawhney | Nov 2001 | A1 |
| 20020007206 | Bui et al. | Jan 2002 | A1 |
| 20020091439 | Baker et al. | Jul 2002 | A1 |
| 20020099437 | Anson et al. | Jul 2002 | A1 |
| 20020107565 | Greenhalgh | Aug 2002 | A1 |
| 20020123765 | Sepetka et al. | Sep 2002 | A1 |
| 20020128707 | Kavteladze et al. | Sep 2002 | A1 |
| 20020143362 | Macoviak et al. | Oct 2002 | A1 |
| 20020173839 | Leopold et al. | Nov 2002 | A1 |
| 20020177855 | Greene et al. | Nov 2002 | A1 |
| 20020198588 | Armstrong et al. | Dec 2002 | A1 |
| 20030114922 | Iwasaka et al. | Jun 2003 | A1 |
| 20030125798 | Martin | Jul 2003 | A1 |
| 20030130684 | Brady et al. | Jul 2003 | A1 |
| 20030153972 | Helmus | Aug 2003 | A1 |
| 20030158515 | Gonzalez | Aug 2003 | A1 |
| 20030163146 | Epstein et al. | Aug 2003 | A1 |
| 20030171801 | Bates | Sep 2003 | A1 |
| 20030187474 | Keegan et al. | Oct 2003 | A1 |
| 20030187495 | Cully et al. | Oct 2003 | A1 |
| 20030212452 | Zadno-Azizi et al. | Nov 2003 | A1 |
| 20030216679 | Wolf et al. | Nov 2003 | A1 |
| 20030229366 | Reggie et al. | Dec 2003 | A1 |
| 20040010282 | Kusleika | Jan 2004 | A1 |
| 20040023415 | Sokolov | Feb 2004 | A1 |
| 20040029994 | Cheng et al. | Feb 2004 | A1 |
| 20040044360 | Lowe | Mar 2004 | A1 |
| 20040055606 | Hendricksen et al. | Mar 2004 | A1 |
| 20040073252 | Goldberg et al. | Apr 2004 | A1 |
| 20040147869 | Wolf et al. | Jul 2004 | A1 |
| 20040153118 | Clubb et al. | Aug 2004 | A1 |
| 20040158308 | Hogendijk et al. | Aug 2004 | A1 |
| 20040193141 | Leopold et al. | Sep 2004 | A1 |
| 20040220663 | Rivelli | Nov 2004 | A1 |
| 20040225286 | Elliott | Nov 2004 | A1 |
| 20040243219 | Fischer et al. | Dec 2004 | A1 |
| 20040249342 | Khosravi et al. | Dec 2004 | A1 |
| 20040254517 | Quiroz-Mercado et al. | Dec 2004 | A1 |
| 20040260384 | Allen | Dec 2004 | A1 |
| 20050027305 | Shiu et al. | Feb 2005 | A1 |
| 20050033409 | Burke et al. | Feb 2005 | A1 |
| 20050043759 | Chanduszko | Feb 2005 | A1 |
| 20050049608 | Aznoian et al. | Mar 2005 | A1 |
| 20050051163 | Deem et al. | Mar 2005 | A1 |
| 20050055079 | Duran | Mar 2005 | A1 |
| 20050055082 | Ben Muvhar et al. | Mar 2005 | A1 |
| 20050113902 | Geiser et al. | May 2005 | A1 |
| 20050137681 | Shoemaker et al. | Jun 2005 | A1 |
| 20050165442 | Thinnes et al. | Jul 2005 | A1 |
| 20050192616 | Canister et al. | Sep 2005 | A1 |
| 20050209675 | Ton et al. | Sep 2005 | A1 |
| 20050288684 | Aronson et al. | Dec 2005 | A1 |
| 20060009798 | Canister et al. | Jan 2006 | A1 |
| 20060052822 | Mirizzi et al. | Mar 2006 | A1 |
| 20060111771 | Ton et al. | May 2006 | A1 |
| 20060119714 | Tamura et al. | Jun 2006 | A1 |
| 20060149359 | Richter et al. | Jul 2006 | A1 |
| 20060162731 | Wondka et al. | Jul 2006 | A1 |
| 20060178727 | Richter | Aug 2006 | A1 |
| 20060184089 | Makower et al. | Aug 2006 | A1 |
| 20060195175 | Bregulla | Aug 2006 | A1 |
| 20060200191 | Zadno-Azizi | Sep 2006 | A1 |
| 20060241675 | Johnson et al. | Oct 2006 | A1 |
| 20060241690 | Amplatz et al. | Oct 2006 | A1 |
| 20070038178 | Kusleika | Feb 2007 | A1 |
| 20070043419 | Nikolchev et al. | Feb 2007 | A1 |
| 20070060946 | Keegan et al. | Mar 2007 | A1 |
| 20070088388 | Opolski et al. | Apr 2007 | A1 |
| 20070112381 | Figulla et al. | May 2007 | A1 |
| 20070118209 | Strecker | May 2007 | A1 |
| 20070129753 | Quinn et al. | Jun 2007 | A1 |
| 20070135826 | Zaver et al. | Jun 2007 | A1 |
| 20070150045 | Ferrera | Jun 2007 | A1 |
| 20070156224 | Cioanta et al. | Jul 2007 | A1 |
| 20070163601 | Pollock et al. | Jul 2007 | A1 |
| 20070168018 | Amplatz et al. | Jul 2007 | A1 |
| 20070168019 | Amplatz et al. | Jul 2007 | A1 |
| 20070203503 | Salahieh et al. | Aug 2007 | A1 |
| 20070221230 | Thompson et al. | Sep 2007 | A1 |
| 20070239191 | Ramzipoor | Oct 2007 | A1 |
| 20070247680 | Nakane et al. | Oct 2007 | A1 |
| 20070265656 | Amplatz et al. | Nov 2007 | A1 |
| 20070265658 | Nelson et al. | Nov 2007 | A1 |
| 20080017201 | Sawhney | Jan 2008 | A1 |
| 20080045996 | Makower et al. | Feb 2008 | A1 |
| 20080046092 | Davis et al. | Feb 2008 | A1 |
| 20080086214 | Hardin et al. | Apr 2008 | A1 |
| 20080103522 | Steingisser et al. | May 2008 | A1 |
| 20080132906 | Rasmussen | Jun 2008 | A1 |
| 20080178890 | Townsend et al. | Jul 2008 | A1 |
| 20080200945 | Amplatz et al. | Aug 2008 | A1 |
| 20080215087 | Pavcnik et al. | Sep 2008 | A1 |
| 20080221600 | Dieck et al. | Sep 2008 | A1 |
| 20080221657 | Laroya et al. | Sep 2008 | A1 |
| 20080221666 | Licata et al. | Sep 2008 | A1 |
| 20080269719 | Balgobin et al. | Oct 2008 | A1 |
| 20080302368 | McGuckin, Jr. et al. | Dec 2008 | A1 |
| 20090005847 | Adams | Jan 2009 | A1 |
| 20090018562 | Amplatz et al. | Jan 2009 | A1 |
| 20090018636 | Gailloud et al. | Jan 2009 | A1 |
| 20090024072 | Criado et al. | Jan 2009 | A1 |
| 20090025820 | Adams | Jan 2009 | A1 |
| 20090030497 | Metcalf et al. | Jan 2009 | A1 |
| 20090043330 | To | Feb 2009 | A1 |
| 20090062841 | Amplatz et al. | Mar 2009 | A1 |
| 20090078270 | Meier et al. | Mar 2009 | A1 |
| 20090082803 | Adams et al. | Mar 2009 | A1 |
| 20090099647 | Glimsdale et al. | Apr 2009 | A1 |
| 20090112251 | Qian et al. | Apr 2009 | A1 |
| 20090131959 | Rolland | May 2009 | A1 |
| 20090132020 | Watson | May 2009 | A1 |
| 20090138078 | Paul, Jr. et al. | May 2009 | A1 |
| 20090157053 | Davis et al. | Jun 2009 | A1 |
| 20090171386 | Amplatz et al. | Jul 2009 | A1 |
| 20090178682 | Tal et al. | Jul 2009 | A1 |
| 20090187214 | Amplatz et al. | Jul 2009 | A1 |
| 20090209855 | Drilling et al. | Aug 2009 | A1 |
| 20090210047 | Amplatz et al. | Aug 2009 | A1 |
| 20090210048 | Amplatz et al. | Aug 2009 | A1 |
| 20090216185 | Gregorich et al. | Aug 2009 | A1 |
| 20090240326 | Wilson et al. | Sep 2009 | A1 |
| 20090276029 | Caro et al. | Nov 2009 | A1 |
| 20090276039 | Meretei | Nov 2009 | A1 |
| 20090277455 | Lee-Sepsick et al. | Nov 2009 | A1 |
| 20090281610 | Parker | Nov 2009 | A1 |
| 20100006105 | Carter et al. | Jan 2010 | A1 |
| 20100030321 | Mach | Feb 2010 | A1 |
| 20100049307 | Ren | Feb 2010 | A1 |
| 20100057194 | Ryan | Mar 2010 | A1 |
| 20100063578 | Ren et al. | Mar 2010 | A1 |
| 20100063582 | Rudakov | Mar 2010 | A1 |
| 20100089406 | Kachiguina | Apr 2010 | A1 |
| 20100094395 | Kellett | Apr 2010 | A1 |
| 20100106235 | Kariniemi et al. | Apr 2010 | A1 |
| 20100114307 | Agnew et al. | May 2010 | A1 |
| 20100121370 | Kariniemi | May 2010 | A1 |
| 20100174269 | Tompkins et al. | Jul 2010 | A1 |
| 20100198328 | Hartley et al. | Aug 2010 | A1 |
| 20100223046 | Bucchieri et al. | Sep 2010 | A1 |
| 20100223048 | Lauder | Sep 2010 | A1 |
| 20100249691 | Van Der Mooren et al. | Sep 2010 | A1 |
| 20100268201 | Tieu et al. | Oct 2010 | A1 |
| 20100268260 | Riina et al. | Oct 2010 | A1 |
| 20100294282 | Chu et al. | Nov 2010 | A1 |
| 20100312268 | Belson | Dec 2010 | A1 |
| 20100318178 | Rapaport et al. | Dec 2010 | A1 |
| 20100324585 | Miles et al. | Dec 2010 | A1 |
| 20100324586 | Miles et al. | Dec 2010 | A1 |
| 20100324587 | Miles et al. | Dec 2010 | A1 |
| 20100324588 | Miles et al. | Dec 2010 | A1 |
| 20110029067 | McGuckin, Jr. et al. | Feb 2011 | A1 |
| 20110040371 | Hanssen et al. | Feb 2011 | A1 |
| 20110092997 | Kang | Apr 2011 | A1 |
| 20110124958 | Nelson | May 2011 | A1 |
| 20110125132 | Krolic et al. | May 2011 | A1 |
| 20110172697 | Jonsson | Jul 2011 | A1 |
| 20110202087 | Vale | Aug 2011 | A1 |
| 20110202129 | Fofsell | Aug 2011 | A1 |
| 20110218479 | Rottenberg et al. | Sep 2011 | A1 |
| 20110264132 | Strauss et al. | Oct 2011 | A1 |
| 20110264195 | Griswold | Oct 2011 | A1 |
| 20110282343 | Kunis | Nov 2011 | A1 |
| 20110301630 | Hendriksen et al. | Dec 2011 | A1 |
| 20110313506 | Ray et al. | Dec 2011 | A1 |
| 20110319906 | Rudakov et al. | Dec 2011 | A1 |
| 20120010556 | Faul et al. | Jan 2012 | A1 |
| 20120022572 | Braun et al. | Jan 2012 | A1 |
| 20120083822 | Anukhin et al. | Apr 2012 | A1 |
| 20120089102 | Chomas et al. | Apr 2012 | A1 |
| 20120089216 | Rapaport et al. | Apr 2012 | A1 |
| 20120095489 | Rudakov et al. | Apr 2012 | A1 |
| 20120101510 | Lenker et al. | Apr 2012 | A1 |
| 20120116350 | Strauss et al. | May 2012 | A1 |
| 20120123511 | Brown | May 2012 | A1 |
| 20120123514 | Kunis | May 2012 | A1 |
| 20120143301 | Maslanka et al. | Jun 2012 | A1 |
| 20120172911 | Welch | Jul 2012 | A1 |
| 20120192872 | Rudakov et al. | Aug 2012 | A1 |
| 20120209310 | Chen et al. | Aug 2012 | A1 |
| 20120239077 | Zaver et al. | Sep 2012 | A1 |
| 20120245614 | Drasler | Sep 2012 | A1 |
| 20120245620 | Gilson et al. | Sep 2012 | A1 |
| 20120245668 | Kariniemi et al. | Sep 2012 | A1 |
| 20120253120 | Callister et al. | Oct 2012 | A1 |
| 20120259354 | Kellett | Oct 2012 | A1 |
| 20120277842 | Kunis | Nov 2012 | A1 |
| 20120283768 | Cox et al. | Nov 2012 | A1 |
| 20120289988 | Riina et al. | Nov 2012 | A1 |
| 20120289994 | Larson et al. | Nov 2012 | A1 |
| 20120296408 | Jones et al. | Nov 2012 | A1 |
| 20120316584 | Miles et al. | Dec 2012 | A1 |
| 20120330347 | Becking et al. | Dec 2012 | A1 |
| 20120330348 | Strauss et al. | Dec 2012 | A1 |
| 20130053758 | Kibbe | Feb 2013 | A1 |
| 20130053879 | Gailloud et al. | Feb 2013 | A1 |
| 20130102996 | Strauss | Apr 2013 | A1 |
| 20130103074 | Riina et al. | Apr 2013 | A1 |
| 20130109987 | Kunis et al. | May 2013 | A1 |
| 20130116774 | Strauss et al. | May 2013 | A1 |
| 20130123899 | Leopold et al. | May 2013 | A1 |
| 20130178889 | Miles et al. | Jul 2013 | A1 |
| 20130204282 | Nelson | Aug 2013 | A1 |
| 20130204311 | Kunis | Aug 2013 | A1 |
| 20130289714 | Strauss et al. | Oct 2013 | A1 |
| 20140073903 | Weber et al. | Mar 2014 | A1 |
| 20140128780 | Kennedy et al. | May 2014 | A1 |
| 20140207180 | Ferrera | Jul 2014 | A1 |
| 20140215792 | Leopold et al. | Aug 2014 | A1 |
| 20140222059 | Leopold et al. | Aug 2014 | A1 |
| 20140257369 | Leopold et al. | Sep 2014 | A1 |
| 20140277085 | Mirigian et al. | Sep 2014 | A1 |
| 20140371716 | Rudakov | Dec 2014 | A1 |
| 20140371777 | Rudakov et al. | Dec 2014 | A1 |
| 20140371778 | Rudakov et al. | Dec 2014 | A1 |
| 20150057700 | Chen et al. | Feb 2015 | A1 |
| 20150157329 | Rudakov et al. | Jun 2015 | A1 |
| 20150157333 | Leopold et al. | Jun 2015 | A1 |
| 20150223821 | Rudakov et al. | Aug 2015 | A1 |
| 20150290437 | Rudakov et al. | Oct 2015 | A1 |
| 20150313602 | Rudakov | Nov 2015 | A1 |
| 20150342611 | Leopold et al. | Dec 2015 | A1 |
| Number | Date | Country |
|---|---|---|
| 202008007775 | Aug 2008 | DE |
| 1166721 | Jan 2002 | EP |
| 1188413 | Mar 2002 | EP |
| 1317908 | Jun 2003 | EP |
| 1600110 | Nov 2005 | EP |
| 1707233 | Oct 2006 | EP |
| 1752112 | Feb 2007 | EP |
| 1813196 | Aug 2007 | EP |
| 1820436 | Aug 2007 | EP |
| 1852073 | Nov 2007 | EP |
| 2248471 | Nov 2010 | EP |
| 2366362 | Sep 2011 | EP |
| 2366363 | Sep 2011 | EP |
| 2366364 | Sep 2011 | EP |
| 2404580 | Jan 2012 | EP |
| 2583636 | Apr 2013 | EP |
| 2404860 | Feb 2005 | GB |
| 2494820 | Mar 2013 | GB |
| H07-000405 | Jan 1995 | JP |
| H07-185011 | Jul 1995 | JP |
| 2006-181015 | Jul 2006 | JP |
| 2010-532180 | Oct 2010 | JP |
| 2012-525859 | Oct 2012 | JP |
| WO-8300997 | Mar 1983 | WO |
| WO-9214408 | Sep 1992 | WO |
| WO-94000179 | Jan 1994 | WO |
| WO-9524158 | Sep 1995 | WO |
| WO-9525480 | Sep 1995 | WO |
| WO-9532018 | Nov 1995 | WO |
| WO-9618361 | Jun 1996 | WO |
| WO-9713463 | Apr 1997 | WO |
| WO-9713471 | Apr 1997 | WO |
| WO-9727893 | Aug 1997 | WO |
| WO-9727897 | Aug 1997 | WO |
| WO-9727898 | Aug 1997 | WO |
| WO-9731672 | Sep 1997 | WO |
| WO-9808456 | Mar 1998 | WO |
| WO-9831308 | Jul 1998 | WO |
| WO-9834546 | Aug 1998 | WO |
| WO-9846115 | Oct 1998 | WO |
| WO-9846119 | Oct 1998 | WO |
| WO-9912484 | Mar 1999 | WO |
| WO-9923976 | May 1999 | WO |
| WO-9925273 | May 1999 | WO |
| WO-9944542 | Sep 1999 | WO |
| WO-9948545 | Sep 1999 | WO |
| WO-9949793 | Oct 1999 | WO |
| WO-9949910 | Oct 1999 | WO |
| WO-9962430 | Dec 1999 | WO |
| WO-0009195 | Feb 2000 | WO |
| WO-0016847 | Mar 2000 | WO |
| WO-0027303 | May 2000 | WO |
| WO-0067671 | Nov 2000 | WO |
| WO-01032254 | May 2001 | WO |
| WO-0164112 | Sep 2001 | WO |
| WO-01080776 | Nov 2001 | WO |
| WO-01080777 | Nov 2001 | WO |
| WO-0189413 | Nov 2001 | WO |
| WO-0203889 | Jan 2002 | WO |
| WO-03001970 | Jan 2003 | WO |
| WO-03073961 | Sep 2003 | WO |
| WO-03073962 | Sep 2003 | WO |
| WO-03101518 | Dec 2003 | WO |
| WO-2004006804 | Jan 2004 | WO |
| WO-2004073557 | Sep 2004 | WO |
| WO-2005020786 | Mar 2005 | WO |
| WO-2005092241 | Oct 2005 | WO |
| WO-2005117755 | Dec 2005 | WO |
| WO-2006017470 | Feb 2006 | WO |
| WO-2006028943 | Mar 2006 | WO |
| WO-2006031602 | Mar 2006 | WO |
| WO-2006034153 | Mar 2006 | WO |
| WO-2006039216 | Apr 2006 | WO |
| WO-2006074163 | Jul 2006 | WO |
| WO-2006096342 | Sep 2006 | WO |
| WO-2006111801 | Oct 2006 | WO |
| WO-2006134354 | Dec 2006 | WO |
| WO-2007061927 | May 2007 | WO |
| WO-2007070544 | Jun 2007 | WO |
| WO-2007085373 | Aug 2007 | WO |
| WO-2007127351 | Nov 2007 | WO |
| WO-2007149844 | Dec 2007 | WO |
| WO-2008010197 | Jan 2008 | WO |
| WO-2008022327 | Feb 2008 | WO |
| WO-2008100790 | Aug 2008 | WO |
| WO-2008112501 | Sep 2008 | WO |
| WO-2008153653 | Dec 2008 | WO |
| WO-2009061419 | May 2009 | WO |
| WO-2009064618 | May 2009 | WO |
| WO-2009077845 | Jun 2009 | WO |
| WO-2009088905 | Jul 2009 | WO |
| WO-2009124288 | Oct 2009 | WO |
| WO-2009126747 | Oct 2009 | WO |
| WO-2010009019 | Jan 2010 | WO |
| WO-2010047644 | Apr 2010 | WO |
| WO-2010075565 | Jul 2010 | WO |
| WO-2010085344 | Jul 2010 | WO |
| WO-2010096717 | Aug 2010 | WO |
| WO-2010130617 | Nov 2010 | WO |
| WO-2010135352 | Nov 2010 | WO |
| WO-2010146581 | Dec 2010 | WO |
| WO-2010148246 | Dec 2010 | WO |
| WO-2011011581 | Jan 2011 | WO |
| WO-2011153304 | Dec 2011 | WO |
| WO-2011159913 | Dec 2011 | WO |
| WO-2011163157 | Dec 2011 | WO |
| WO-2012002944 | Jan 2012 | WO |
| WO-2012040380 | Mar 2012 | WO |
| WO-2012054065 | Apr 2012 | WO |
| WO-2012067724 | May 2012 | WO |
| WO-2012109367 | Aug 2012 | WO |
| WO-2012111137 | Aug 2012 | WO |
| WO-2012120490 | Sep 2012 | WO |
| WO-2012131672 | Oct 2012 | WO |
| WO-2012134761 | Oct 2012 | WO |
| WO-2012135859 | Oct 2012 | WO |
| WO-2012166804 | Dec 2012 | WO |
| WO-2013055703 | Apr 2013 | WO |
| WO-2013059511 | Apr 2013 | WO |
| WO-2013067299 | May 2013 | WO |
| Entry |
|---|
| Aydogan, Transcatheter Embolization Treatment of Coronary Arteriovenous Fistulas, Asian Cardiovascular & Thoracic Annals, 2003, 63-67, vol. 11, No. 1. |
| Berguer et al., Cure by Combination of Operation and Detachable Intravascular Balloon, Ann. Surg. Jul. 1982, pp. 65-68, vol. 196, No. 1. |
| Cheng et al., Minimally Invasive Keyhole Approach for Removal of a Migratory Balloon Complicated by Endovascular Embolization of a Carotid-Cavernous Fistula, Minim. Invasive Neurosurgl, 2006, pp. 305-308, vol. 49. |
| Desouza et al., Embolization with detachable Balloons—Applications outside the head, Clinical Radiology, Apr. 21, 1992, pp. 170-175, vol. 46. |
| Ferro et al, Percutaneous Transcatheter Embolization of a Large Pulmonary Arteriovenous Fistula with an Amplatzer Vascular Plug, Cardovacs Intervent Radiol, 2007, pp. 328-331, vol. 30. |
| Hawkins et al., The Permeability of Detachable Latex Rubber Balloons—An In Vitro Study, Investliative Radiology, Dec. 1987, pp. 969-972, vol. 22. |
| Hirai et al., Emergency Balloon Embolization for Carotid Artery Rupture Secondary to Postoserative Infection, Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol, 1996, pp. 50-52, vol. 19. |
| Kadir et al., Therapeutic Embolization of the Kidney with Detachable Silicone Balloons, The Journal of Urology, Jan. 1983, pp. 11-13, vol. 129. |
| Kallmes et al., The Use of Hydrocoil for Parent Artery Occlusion, AJNR Am J Neuroradiol, Sep. 2004, pp. 1409-1410, vol. 25. |
| Kaufman, et al., Detachable Balloon-modified Reducing Stent to Treat Hepatic Insufficiency after Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt Creation, J Vasc lntery Radiol., May 2003, pp. 635-638, vol. 14, No. 5. |
| Luo, Chao-Bao et al., Endovascular Treatment of the Carotid Artery Rupture with Massive Hemorrhage, J. Chin Med Assoc., Mar. 2003. |
| Makita, et al., Guide-Wire-directed Detachable Balloon: Clinical Application in Treatment of Varicoceles, Radiology, 1992, pp. 575-577, vol. 183. |
| Marshall et al., Treatment of Traumatic Renal Arteriovenous Fistulas by Detachable Silicone Balloon Embolization, The Journal of Urology,1979, pp. 237-239, vol. 122. |
| Perala et al., Comparison of Early Deflation Rate of Detachable Latex and Silicone Balloons and Observations on Persistent Varicocele, J. Vase. Interv. Radiol. Sep.-Oct. 1998, pp. 761-765, vol. 9, No. 5. |
| Pollak et al., Clinical Results of Transvenous Systemic Embolotherapy with a Neuroradiologic Detachable Balloon, Radiology, May 1994, pp. 477-482, vol. 191, No. 2. |
| Reidy et al., Transcatherer occlusion of coronary to bronchial anastomosis by detachable balloon combined with coronary angioplasty at same procedure, Brit Heart J. 1983, pp. 284-287, vol. 49. |
| Reidy et al., Transcatheter occlusion of a Blalock-Taussig shunt with a detachable balloon in a child, Bri Heart Journal, 1983, pp. 101-103, vol. 50. |
| Ross et al., The Vascular Plug: A New Device for Parent Artery Occlusion, AJNR Am J Neuroradiol, Feb. 2007, pp. 385-386, vol. 28. |
| Serbinenko, F.A., Balloon Catheterization and Occlusion of Major Cerebral Vessels, J. Neurosurg. Aug. 1974, pp. 125-145, vol. 41. |
| Serbinenko, F.A., Occlusion by Balooning of Secular Aneurysms of the Cerebral Arteries, Vopr, Neirokhir, Jul.-Aug. 1974, pp. 8-15, vol. 4. |
| Serebinko, F.A., Balloon Occlusion of Cavernous Portion of the Carotid Artery as a Method of Treating Carotid Cavity Anastomoses, Vopr. Neirokhir, Nov.-Dec. 1971, pp. 3-9, vol. 6. |
| Tasar, et al., Intrahepatic arterioportal fistula and its treatment with detachable balloon and transcatheter embolization with coils and microspheres, Journal of Clinical Imaging, 2005, pp. 325-330, vol. 29. |
| Wehman, et al., Giant Cerebral Aneurysms: Endovascular Challenges, Neurosurgery, Nov. 2006, pp. S125-S138, vol. 59, No. 5. |
| White, et al., Occlusion of Varicoceles with Detachable Balloons, Radiology, May 1981, pp. 327-334, vol. 139. |
| U.S. Appl. No. 14/875,561, filed Oct. 5, 2015. |
| Extended European Search Report dated Nov. 18, 2016, which issued in European Application No. 14749248.2. |
| Extended European Search Report dated Jan. 23, 2017, which issued in European Application No. 13886735.3. |
| Canadian Office Action from Canadian Application No. 2,915,223, dated Apr. 13, 2017. |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20160101271 A1 | Apr 2016 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 61835406 | Jun 2013 | US | |
| 61900321 | Nov 2013 | US | |
| 61835461 | Jun 2013 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 14101171 | Dec 2013 | US |
| Child | 14973414 | US |
