Patent Grant
7242137
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a cathode ray tube in which a deflection yoke is installed, and more particularly relates to a cathode ray tube capable of effectively reducing the deflection power.
2. Description of Related Art
An example of a conventional cathode ray tube will be described with reference to
A fluorescent screen 26 formed from a layer of fluorescent material is provided on the inner surface of the panel 22. This fluorescent layer comprises a striped or dotted three-color fluorescent layer for emitting red, green, and blue light. A shadow mask 27 is disposed across from the fluorescent screen 26. Numerous electron beam passage holes are formed in the shadow mask 27. An electron gun 28 that emits three electron beams is provided inside the neck component 25.
A deflection yoke 29 is installed from the outside of the cone component 24 of the funnel 23 to the outside of the neck component 25. The three electron beams are deflected by horizontal and vertical deflection magnetic fields generated by the deflection yoke 29, then are scanned through the shadow mask 27 horizontally and vertically over the fluorescent screen 26, which results in the display of a color image.
One type of cathode ray tube that is often put to practical use is a self-converging inline type of cathode ray tube. With this cathode ray tube, the electron gun 28 has an inline configuration and emits three electron beams that are disposed inline on the same horizontal plane. The horizontal deflection magnetic field generated by the deflection yoke 29 is pincusion-shaped, the vertical deflection magnetic field is barrel-shaped, and the three inline electron beams are deflected by these horizontal and vertical deflection magnetic fields, so that there is no need for a special correction system, and the three inline electron beams can be converged over the entire screen surface.
With a cathode ray tube such as this, the deflection yoke 29 consumed a great deal of electrical power, and lowering the power consumption of the deflection yoke 29 was key to reducing the power consumption of the cathode ray tube. Meanwhile, the anode voltage that ultimately accelerates the electron beams must be raised in order to increase the brightness of the screen. Also, the deflection frequency has to be raised in order to accommodate HD (high definition) TV or personal computers and other such office automation equipment. All of this results in greater deflection power.
In general, deflection power is reduced by decreasing the diameter of the neck component 25 of the cathode ray tube 20, and decreasing the outside diameter of the cone component 24 where the deflection yoke 29 is installed, so that deflection magnetic field operates more efficiently with respect to the electron beams. In this case, the electron beams pass in close proximity to the inner surface of the cone component 24 where the deflection yoke 29 is installed.
Accordingly, when the diameter of the neck component 25 or the outside diameter of the cone component 24 is further reduced, a phenomenon called BNS (beam neck shadow) occurs. This is a phenomenon in which an electron beam deflected at the maximum deflection angle toward one of the diagonal corners of the fluorescent screen 26 collides with the inner wall of the cone component 24, and part of the electron beam fails to reach the fluorescent screen 26 because of the shadow of the inner wall of the funnel 23 (hereinafter this phenomenon will be referred to as “beam neck shadow”).
JP S48-34349B proposes a technique for solving this problem, in which the cone component 24 where the deflection yoke 29 is installed has a shape that progressively changes from being circular to being substantially rectangular in the panel 22 direction from the neck component 25 side. This arose from the idea that when a rectangular raster is drawn on the fluorescent screen 26, the region through which the electron beams pass on the inside of the cone component 24 is also substantially rectangular.
When the cone component 24 where the deflection yoke 29 is installed is formed in a pyramidal shape, the inside diameter of the diagonal corners where an electron beam is likely to collide (near the diagonal axis: near the D axis) is increased with respect to the ordinary circular shape, so as to avoid electron beam collisions. Deflection power can also be reduced by decreasing the inside diameters in the horizontal axis (H axis) and vertical axis (V axis) directions, so that the horizontal and vertical deflection coils of the deflection yoke are closer to the electron beams, allowing the electron beams to be deflected more efficiently.
However, with a cathode ray tube such as this in which the cross sectional shape of the cone component is substantially rectangular, the closer the cross sectional shape of the cone component is to being rectangular, the more the air pressure resistance of the vacuum envelope decreases, and safety is compromised. Therefore, for practical purposes the shape must be suitably rounded, in which case the problem is that there is no longer any reduction in deflection power.
In regard to this problem, in JP H9-320492A, as the external shape, and sometimes the internal shape as well, of the cone component progressively changes from the neck side in the panel direction from being circular to being a non-circular shape having its maximum diameter in a direction other than the first and second axial directions, and in a coordinate system in which the tube axis includes the origin and the first and second axes intersect at right angles, the angle formed by either of the two orthogonally intersecting axes at a position on the maximum diameter varies with the position on the tube axis.
When we let θ be the angle formed by the first axis at a position on the maximum diameter, and N/M be the ratio between the first axial direction and the second axial direction of the fluorescent screen, the shape is such that tan θ≠N/M. Further, the shape is such that tang is closer to 1 than the value of the ratio N/M of the ratio between the first axial direction and the second axial direction of the fluorescent screen.
JP 2000-243317A proposes a technique for improving the magnetic field generation efficiency of a deflection yoke by making the cross sectional shape of the cone component taller than the aspect ratio of the screen in a cathode ray tube in which the cross sectional shape of the cone component is substantially rectangular.
However, the shape discussed in the above-mentioned JP H9-320492A is such that the angle formed by either of the two orthogonally intersecting axes at a position on the maximum diameter varies with the position on the tube axis. Consequently, the diagonal shape of the cone component becomes complex, the glass thickness distribution of the diagonal corners also becomes complex, and it is difficult to ensure adequate air pressure resistance. Also, the angle θ formed by the first axis at a position on the maximum diameter has a wide specified range, and when a shape is attempted such that the value of θ is closer to 1 than N/M, there will also be a region in which deflection power increases, and it is difficult to set the angle θ properly.
According to the construction of JP 2000-243317A, deflection magnetic field efficiency can be improved by making the aspect ratio of the cross sectional shape of the cone component taller than the aspect ratio of the screen. Here, the angle θ formed by the horizontal axis and a position on the maximum diameter of the inner surface of the cone component is not the proper angle at which beam neck shadow can be prevented, so preventing beam neck shadow and reducing deflection power are mutually exclusive. Furthermore, when the cross sectional shape of the cone component is too much taller than the aspect ratio of the screen, this too can lead to an increase in deflection power, so that it is difficult to set the angle θ properly.
An objective of the present invention is to solve these problems encountered in the past, and to provide a cathode ray tube with which air pressure resistance is ensured and beam neck shadow is prevented when the deflection magnetic field of the deflection yoke is closer to the electron beams. This would allow the electron beams to be deflected more efficiently, and reduce deflection power.
To achieve the stated object, the cathode ray tube of the present invention is a cathode ray tube, comprising a vacuum envelope equipped with an electron gun and including a panel component which has a fluorescent screen formed on a inner surface, and a deflection yoke disposed around the outer periphery of the vacuum envelope, for deflecting electron beams emitted from the electron gun. The vacuum envelope includes a neck component in which the electron gun is installed, and a cone component corresponding to the position where the deflection yoke is disposed. The cross sectional shape of the cone component in a direction perpendicular to the tube axis of the cathode ray tube includes a non-circular cross sectional shape having its maximum diameter in a direction other than those of the major and minor axes of the panel. The screen aspect ratio, which is the ratio of the horizontal diameter to the vertical diameter of the fluorescent screen, is termed M:N, in a coordinate system in which the origin is a point on the tube axis and the horizontal axis and vertical axis intersect at right angles, LA is the radius of the outer surface of the cone component on the horizontal axis, SA is the radius on the vertical axis, and θ is the angle formed by the horizontal axis and the axis in the direction of the maximum diameter on the inner surface of the cone component. When values of LA and SA are LA(Z) and SA(Z) when the position Z on the tube axis, using as its origin a reference line position that serves as a reference for a deflection angle, is within the range of −30 mm≦Z≦10 mm, a portion is included such that the angle θ and the values of M, N, LA(Z), and SA(Z) satisfy the following relational formula: θ=tan−1[(N/M)×(LA(Z)/SA(Z))].
With the cathode ray tube of the present invention, air pressure resistance is ensured and beam neck shadow is prevented while the effect of increasing horizontal deflection efficiency is enhanced, which in turn enhances the effect of reducing deflection power.
With the cathode ray tube of the present invention, it is preferable that LA(Z)/SA(Z) in determining the angle θ is within the range of 1.01≦LA(Z)/(SA(Z)≦1.25.
It is also preferable that the angle θ and the values of M, N, LA(Z), and SA(Z) satisfy said relational formula within the range of −30 mm≦Z≦10 mm.
With the cathode ray tube of the present invention, it is preferable that the portion that satisfies the relational formula is such that the position Z is within the range of −15 mm≦Z≦10 mm. This constitution is particularly well suited to preventing beam neck shadow.
It is also preferable that the angle θ and the values of M, N, LA(Z), and SA(Z) satisfy the relational formula within the range of −15 mm≦Z≦10 mm.
With the cathode ray tube of the present invention, it is preferable that IA(Z)/SA(Z) in determining the angle θ is within the range of 1.15≦ LA(Z)/SA(Z)≦1.25. This construction is advantageous in terms of reducing deflection power.
With the cathode ray tube of the present invention, when φ is the maximum deflection angle of the electron beam that reaches the maximum diameter position of the fluorescent screen, then it is preferable that φ is within the range of φ≧115°. This construction is suited to preventing beam neck shadow and reducing deflection power.
An embodiment of the present invention will now be described through reference to the drawings.
AB shown in
A screen 6 formed from a layer of fluorescent material is provided on the inner surface of the panel 2. The fluorescent layer comprises a striped or dotted three-color fluorescent layer for emitting red, green, and blue light. A shadow mask 7 is disposed across from the screen 6. Numerous electron beam passage holes are formed in the shadow mask 7. An electron gun 8 that emits three electron beams is provided inside the neck component 5.
A deflection yoke 9 is installed on the cone component 4, which spreads out toward the panel 2 from the portion of the outer periphery of the funnel 3 linked to the neck component 5.
As shown in
As shown in
The deflection angle is related to the reference line 12 (deflection reference position). This reference line is a line that is perpendicular to the tube axis 1a and passes through a point 14 (deflection center) on the tube axis, which is such that the angle formed by two straight lines linking to any point on the tube axis 1a (Z axis) from the diagonal ends 6a and 6b (
More specifically, as shown in
The deflection yoke 9 here is usually a saddle/saddle type in which both the horizontal and vertical deflection coils are saddle types, but may have any of various configurations, such as a semitoroidal deflection yoke in which the horizontal deflection coil is a saddle type and the vertical deflection coil is toroidal, or a toroidal deflection yoke in which the horizontal and vertical deflection coils are both toroidal.
The horizontal deflection coil 31 is disposed on the inside of the separator 30, and is a coil wound around a pair of substantially pyramidal saddle shapes so as to correspond to the shape of the separator 30. The vertical deflection coil 32 is disposed on the outside of the separator 30, and is a coil wound around a pair of saddle shapes. A core 33 is disposed on the outside of the vertical deflection coil 32 so as to cover this coil. The core 33 is a truncated conical or truncated pyramidal magnetic body.
As discussed above, when the cone component 4 is formed in a pyramidal shape, rather than its ordinary circular shape, the inside diameter of the diagonal corners where an electron beam is likely to collide (near the diagonal axis: near the D axis) is increased, thereby avoiding collision of electron beams. Deflection power also can be reduced by decreasing the inside diameters in the horizontal axis H and vertical axis V directions, so that the horizontal and vertical deflection coils of the deflection yoke are closer to the electron beams, allowing the electron beams to be deflected more efficiently.
Specifically, deflection power is related to the distance between the tube axis and a point on the horizontal axis on the inner surface of the deflection yoke, and to the distance between the tube axis and a point on the vertical axis on the inner surface of the deflection yoke. Also, the path of the electron beams passing near the diagonal corners out of the inner surface of the deflection yoke is determined by the horizontal deflecting magnetic field and the vertical deflecting magnetic field of the deflection yoke.
In
The maximum magnetic field intensity position 35 of the deflection yoke 9 is located to the neck side from the reference 12 position that determines the deflection angle of the cathode ray tube, and is approximately located up to 30 mm from the reference line 12 toward the neck.
As discussed above, preventing beam neck shadow and reducing deflection power are related to the shape of the cone component, and in particular to the shape near the maximum magnetic field intensity position 35. Accordingly, beam neck shadow can be prevented efficiently by suitably setting the angle formed by the horizontal axis and the maximum diameter of the cross sectional shape perpendicular to the tube axis of the cone component near the maximum magnetic field intensity position 35. Further, deflection power can be reduced efficiently by minimizing the distance of the cone component from the tube axis on the vertical axis and the horizontal axis.
It can be seen that the electron beam passage region 40 is highly distorted into a pincushion shape, and that there is not as much leeway in the distance to the electron beams in the areas near the diagonal corners of the inner surface of the cone component 4 as there is near the intersection of the horizontal axis 2a and the vertical axis 2b of the inner surface of the cone component 4.
The cone component inner surface 16 is such that the angle formed by the horizontal axis H and the axis D2 in the maximum diameter direction is θ1 (θ1<θ2). Accordingly, the cone component inner surface 16 is shaped more laterally rectangular than the cone component inner surface 15. In this case, the length in the maximum diameter direction is greater than that of the cone component inner surface 15, which is advantageous in terms of preventing beam neck shadow. On the other hand, the distance between the electron beam passage region 41 and the deflection yoke in the horizontal axis H direction is greater, which decreases the efficiency of the horizontal deflection magnetic field, so that deflection power is higher than with the cone component inner surface 15.
The cone component inner surface 17 is such that the angle formed by the horizontal axis H and the axis D3 in the maximum diameter direction is θ3 (θ2<θ3). Accordingly, the cone component inner surface 17 is shaped more laterally rectangular than the cone component inner surface 15. In this case, the length in the maximum diameter direction is greater than that of the cone component inner surface 15, which is advantageous in terms of preventing beam neck shadow. On the other hand, the distance between the electron beam passage region 41 and the deflection yoke in the vertical axis V direction is greater, which decreases the efficiency of the vertical deflection magnetic field, so that deflection power is higher than with the cone component inner surface 16.
A cone component inner surface 16a is an inner surface shape in which the angle formed by the horizontal axis and the axis D2 in the maximum diameter direction is θ1, which is smaller than θ2, and the maximum diameter Ra of the cone component inner surface 15 is maintained.
When we let the cone component outer surface 15b be the outer surface shape for both the cone component inner surface 16a and the cone component inner surface 15, then the conditions for both are the same in regard to deflection power. However, while the maximum diameter Ra is the same for both shapes, the cone component inner surface 16a is closer to the electron beam passage region 41 than the cone component inner surface 15 in the vertical axis V direction, which is disadvantageous in terms of beam neck shadow.
Viewed in the horizontal axis H direction, the cone component inner surface 16a approaches the cone component outer surface 15b, the wall thickness in the horizontal direction decreases, and air pressure resistance deteriorates. In this case, it is possible for the outer surface shape corresponding to the cone component inner surface 16a to be the cone component outer surface shape 16b in order to ensure adequate air pressure resistance. The cone component outer surface shape 16b is a shape in which the maximum outside diameter is matched to the maximum outside diameter Rb of the cone component outer surface shape 15a. When the cone component outer surface shape 16b is employed, the wall thickness can be greater in the horizontal direction, but the outer shape grows larger in the horizontal direction, so that there is an increase in horizontal deflection power.
A cone component inner surface 17a is an inner surface shape in which the angle formed by the horizontal axis and the axis D2 in the maximum diameter direction is θ3, which is greater than θ2, and the maximum diameter Ra of the cone component inner surface 15 is maintained.
When we let the cone component outer surface 15b be the outer surface shape for both the cone component inner surface 17a and the cone component inner surface 15, then the conditions for both are the same in regard to deflection power. However, while the maximum diameter Ra is the same for both shapes, the cone component inner surface 17a is closer to the electron beam passage region 41 than the cone component inner surface 15 in the horizontal axis H direction, which is disadvantageous in terms of beam neck shadow.
Viewed in the vertical axis V direction, the cone component inner surface 17a approaches the cone component outer surface 15b, the wall thickness in the vertical direction decreases, and air pressure resistance deteriorates. In this case, it is possible for the outer surface shape corresponding to the cone component inner surface 17a to be the cone component outer surface shape 17b in order to ensure adequate air pressure resistance. The cone component outer surface shape 17b is a shape in which the maximum outside diameter is matched to the maximum outside diameter Rb of the cone component outer surface shape 15a. When the cone component outer surface shape 17b is employed, the wall thickness can be greater in the vertical direction, but the outer shape grows larger in the vertical direction, so that there is an increase in vertical deflection power.
We can conclude from the above that the angle formed by the horizontal axis and the axis in the maximum diameter direction of the cone component inner surface is a factor in the design of the cone component shape that serves as a reference in preventing beam neck shadow, reducing deflection power, and ensuring adequate air pressure resistance. Specifically, when this angle is within the specified range, it will be possible to determine the cone component shape that will prevent beam neck shadow, reduce deflection power, and ensure adequate air pressure resistance, but outside this specified range, a cone component shape that satisfies all these requirements will not be obtained.
Also, we will let θ be the angle formed by the horizontal axis H and the axis D in the maximum diameter DA direction of the inner surface of the cone component 4, and N/M be the ratio (screen aspect ratio) of the vertical diameter and horizontal diameter of the screen. Further, we will assume the position in the tube axis direction to be such that the reference line position that serves as a reference for the deflection angle is zero, and is positive on the screen side.
The angle θ is expressed by Formula 1 below, in which LA and SA at position Z on the tube axis are given as LA(Z) and SA(Z). The range of Z, as described below through reference to
θ=tan−1[(N/M)×(LA(Z)/SA(Z))] Formula 1
In
Accordingly, the angle of this maximum diameter is greater than the angle θB=tan−1(N/M) calculated from the aspect ratio of the screen. Therefore, when the angle θ formed by the horizontal axis and the maximum diameter of the cone component inner surface shape is determined to be the angle θB, since the angle θB is smaller than the angle θA, this is disadvantageous in terms of preventing beam neck shadow.
The above-mentioned Formula 1 is a formula for calculating the angle θ by multiplying (N/M) by LA(Z)/SA(Z), which is greater than 1. Accordingly, the angle θ increases as LA(Z)/SA(Z) increases, that is, as the proportion of laterally rectangular became larger. Specifically, the angle θ can be considered a value obtained by correcting the above-mentioned angle θB, which is calculated from the screen aspect ratio, according to the proportion of laterally rectangular of the cone component, and is advantageous in terms of preventing beam neck shadow.
Table 1 below gives specific examples of the angle θ calculated with Formula 1. The examples in Table 1 are for a color receiver with an 80-cm screen having an aspect ratio of 4:3.
A comparison of the calculated results in Table 1 with the experimental results in
The angle θ in
When the magnetic field intensity shown in
Therefore, with the examples in Table 1, in the range from the position where magnetic field intensity is at its maximum (Z=−15 mm) to the reference line position (Z=0 mm), the angle θ is from 39.2° to 41.9°. These values substantially match the angle θ=41° given in the experimental results in
Here, in the example of Table 1, LA(Z)/SA(Z) is expressed by Formula 2 below.
1.01≦LA(Z)/SA(Z)≦1.25 Formula 2
From this, when the LA(Z)/SA(Z) is within the range that satisfies Formula 2, it can be said that the angle θ calculated from Formula 1 can determine the shape at which the deflection power is at its optimal value. Furthermore, as described above, it can be said that the angle θ is calculated based on Formula 1, so that this angle is a value corrected so as to be advantageous to prevent beam neck shadow.
Therefore, the angle θ determined in the range satisfying Formula 2 can be a value satisfying both the beam neck shadow and the deflection power, and corresponds to the vicinity of the angle θ2 in
Meanwhile, when the value of LA(Z)/SA(Z) is too large (over the upper limit of Formula 2 above), the angle θ of the inner surface shape also will be too large. The inner surface shape determined by the angle θ in this case corresponds to the inner surface 17 in
When the value of LA(Z)/SA(Z) is too small (under the lower limit of Formula 2 above), the angle θ of the inner surface shape also will be too small. The inner surface shape determined by the angle θ in this case corresponds to the inner surface 16 in
The examples in Table 1 are for a screen with an aspect ratio of 4:3, whereas Table 2 gives examples for a color receiver with a 76-cm screen aspect ratio of 16:9.
Next,
A comparison of the calculated results in Table 2 with the experimental results in
With the examples in Table 2, in the range from the position where magnetic field intensity is at its maximum (Z=−15 mm) to the reference line position (Z=0 mm), the angle θ is from 32.9° to 34.3°. These values substantially match the angle θ=34; given in the experimental results in
With the examples in Table 2, LA(Z)/SA(Z) is within the range of 1.04 to 1.25. When LA(Z)/SA(Z) is within this range, then just as when the aspect ratio is 4:3, the angle θ calculated with Formula 1 can be used to determine the cone component shape at which deflection power can be reduced, beam neck shadow can be prevented, and good air pressure resistance can be ensured.
The range of LA(Z)/SA(Z) in the examples in Table 2 is included in the range of Table 2. The lower limit to Formula 2 is 1.01, and when the lower limit in the examples in Table 2 is expanded to 1.01, and the angle θ is calculated from Formula 1, the result is θ=29.6°. This value corresponds to the lower limit of the angle θ at which the target value (100%) for deflection power can be attained.
Therefore, even when the aspect ratio and screen size are different, as long as LA(Z)/SA(z) is within the range of Formula 2, the angle θ calculated with Formula 1 can be used to determine the cone component shape at which deflection power can be reduced, beam neck shadow can be prevented, and good air pressure resistance can be ensured. Accordingly, the present invention can be applied to various screen sizes and various aspect ratios.
As discussed above, the range from the position where magnetic field intensity is at its maximum (Z=−15 mm) toward the screen side including the reference line position is the range in which there is greater deflection of the electron beams, and is therefore important in preventing beam neck shadow. Accordingly, the examples described in the above embodiment satisfied Formula 1 within the range of −30 mm≦Z≦10 mm, but it is preferable for Formula 1 to be satisfied over all or at least part of the range of −15 mm≦Z≦10 mm. It is also preferable for the range of Z to be −15 min≦Z≦5 mm so as to include at least the reference line position (Z=0 mm).
Also, the range of LA(Z)/SA(Z) corresponding to the range of −15 mm≦Z≦10 mm in Tables 1 and 2 is the range of the following Formula 3 for Table 1, and the range of the following Formula 4 for Table 2. As can be seen from
1.01≦LA(Z)/SA(Z)≦1.25 Formula 3
1.15≦LA(Z)/SA(Z)≦1.25 Formula 4
Also, the greater is the deflection angle of an electron beam, the more likely it is that beam neck shadow will occur, and the greater is the deflection power. Accordingly, the present invention is particularly effective with a cathode ray tube having a large deflection angle. The deflection angle was 105° in the specific examples given above, but it was confirmed in separate experiments that it is even more effective to apply the present invention to a cathode ray tube with a deflection angle of at least 115°.
As above, with this embodiment, beam neck shadow can be prevented and deflection power reduced by determining the angle θ formed by the horizontal axis and the maximum diameter of the cone component inner surface near the position of the greatest magnetic field intensity of the deflection yoke, where the electron beams are deflected significantly.
With the present invention, good air pressure resistance can be ensured and beam neck shadow can be prevented while enhancing the effect of increasing the deflection efficiency of horizontal deflection, and thereby enhancing the effect of reducing deflection power, so the present invention is useful for cathode ray tubes used in television receivers, computer monitors, and so forth.
The embodiments described above are solely intended to illustrate the technological content of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to or by these specific examples alone. Various modifications are possible within the scope of the claims and the spirit of the invention, and the present invention should be interpreted broadly.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2004-288009 | Sep 2004 | JP | national |
| Number | Name | Date | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 3731129 | Tsuneta et al. | May 1973 | A |
| 4677339 | Inoue et al. | Jun 1987 | A |
| 5506466 | Shoda et al. | Apr 1996 | A |
| 5633558 | Watanabe et al. | May 1997 | A |
| 6002203 | Yokota et al. | Dec 1999 | A |
| 6025676 | Ohama et al. | Feb 2000 | A |
| 6335588 | Kim et al. | Jan 2002 | B1 |
| 6465945 | Tsuchida et al. | Oct 2002 | B1 |
| 6583546 | Nah | Jun 2003 | B2 |
| 6650036 | Nakagawa et al. | Nov 2003 | B2 |
| 20020014820 | Jung | Feb 2002 | A1 |
| 20020109451 | Nakagawa et al. | Aug 2002 | A1 |
| 20040000860 | Jung | Jan 2004 | A1 |
| 20040164663 | Kim | Aug 2004 | A1 |
| Number | Date | Country |
|---|---|---|
| 0 831 515 | Mar 1998 | EP |
| 0 926 697 | Jun 1999 | EP |
| 0 989 582 | Mar 2000 | EP |
| 1 253 617 | Oct 2002 | EP |
| 1 258 904 | Nov 2002 | EP |
| 1 546 889 | May 1979 | GB |
| 48-34349 | Oct 1973 | JP |
| 51-118956 | Oct 1976 | JP |
| 59-165341 | Sep 1984 | JP |
| 60-177534 | Sep 1985 | JP |
| 6-275206 | Sep 1994 | JP |
| 7-161306 | Jun 1995 | JP |
| 8-153467 | Jun 1996 | JP |
| 9-82236 | Mar 1997 | JP |
| 9-320492 | Dec 1997 | JP |
| 10-199436 | Jul 1998 | JP |
| 2000-113840 | Apr 2000 | JP |
| 2000-243317 | Sep 2000 | JP |
| 2001-60443 | Mar 2001 | JP |
| 2001-351540 | Dec 2001 | JP |
| 2002-245948 | Aug 2002 | JP |
| 2002-313255 | Oct 2002 | JP |
| 2004-31305 | Jan 2004 | JP |
| 2004-273133 | Sep 2004 | JP |
| 03105180 | Dec 2003 | WO |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20060066206 A1 | Mar 2006 | US |
