Cationic surface active agents

This invention relates to cationic surface active agents. More particularly, the invention is intended to provide the specific cationic surface active agents in which nitrogen atoms are attached to both ends of a long-chain alkylene group or polyoxyalkylene group having, in all, 6 to 24 carbon atoms, at least one of said nitrogen atoms constituting a quaternary ammonium structure, and also at least one hydroxy phenethyl group is bonded to at least one of the two nitrogen atoms. These cationic surface active agents find peculiar use as accelerators which catalytically act to promote changes in a chemical and/or physical change process involving a hydrolyzing, deacidizing or extracting operation using an aqueous solution of an alkaline metal hydroxide or an alkaline earth metal hydroxide.
It has been long known that the cationic surface active agents comprising one nitrogen atom principally constituted from a quaternary ammonium salt are useful as micellar catalysts or phase transfer catalysts, and the structures and preparation process of such cationic surface active agents are also generally know. The following are examples of prior art literature.
J. Dockx, Synthesis, (1973), 441
M. Makosza, Pure and Appl. Chem., 43, 439 (1975)
G. W. Gokel, H. D. Durst, Synthesis, (1976), 168
However, there has yet been known no cationic surface active agent of an .alpha.,.omega.-type dihydrophilic group structure like the products of this invention, and no light has ever been shed on the fact that the cationic surface active agents having an N- and/or N'-hydroxyphenethyl-substituted .alpha.,.omega.-type dihydrophilic group structure have the disposition together around the interface and, owing to this property, they prove to be very effective micellar catalysts or phase transfer catalyst which is minimized in escape.
In the accompanying drawings, FIG. 1 is an IR spectrum of N-hydroxyethyl-N,N'-di(2-hydroxyphenethyl)undecylenediamine which is an intermediate product in Example 1, in which numerals 1, 2 and 3 show the absorption bands indicating presence of benzene nucleus. FIG. 2 is an IR spectrum of a hydrochloric acid neutralized product of (methyl.dbd.2-hydroxyphenethyl)aminoundecyl.dbd.methyl.dbd.2-hydroxyethyl.dbd.2-hydroxyphenethyl.dbd.ammonium.dbd.chloride which is the final product in Example 1. Numeral 4 shows an absorption band of quaternary nitrogen.
As a result of further diversified studies, the present inventors have first reached an invention for preparation of cationic surface active agents having a quaternary ammonium structure represented by the following general formula I: ##STR1## (wherein R.sub.1 is hydrogen, or alkyl or hydroxyalkyl having 1-8 carbons, hydroxypolyoxyalkyl having 2-8 carbons, alkylphenyl or phenylalkyl having 7-8 carbons, phenyl, methylbenzyl; or glycidyl group, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.5, R.sub.6 and R.sub.7 are each alkyl or hydroxyalkyl of 1-8 carbons, hydroxypolyoxyalkyl of 2-8 carbons, alkylphenyl or phenylalkyl of 7-8 carbons, phenyl, methylbenzyl or glycidyl group; R.sub.4 is an alkylene or polyoxyalkylene group having 6-24 carbon atoms in total, m is 0 or 1, n is 1 or 2, and at least one of R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.5, R.sub.6 and R.sub.7 is a hydroxyphenethyl group; A is an anion of halide or an organic or inorganic oxyacid residue) by (i) reacting 1-4 moles of styrene oxide with 1 mole of at least one of the .alpha.,.omega.-polyoxyalkylenediamines (the total carbon number of the alkylene or polyoxyalkylene group being 6-24) which is either unsubstituted or substituted with N- and/or N'-alkyl, N-and/or N'-aryl, N- and/or N'-alkylphenyl, N- and/or N'-phenylalkyl, N- and/or N'-methylbenzyl, N- and/or N'-hydroxyalkyl and/or N- and/or N'-hydroxypolyoxyalkyl (the carbon number per one substituted being 1-8) having at least one NH group in the molecule, and then further reacting the resultant product with 1-5 moles of at least one of the alkyl halides, hydroxyalkyl halides, hydroxypolyoxyalkyl halides, epoxyalkyl halides and alkyl esters of inorganic acids (the carbon number of the alkyl group being 2-8) at such a reaction molar ratio as to induce quaternarization of at least one nitrogen atom, or reacting 1-12 moles of at least one of formaldehyde, ethylene carbonate and alkylene oxide (the carbon number of the alkylene group being 2-8) with 1 mole of at least one of said diamines and further reacting the resultant product with 1-4 moles of at least one of the alkyl halides, hydroxyalkyl halides, hydroxypolyoxyalkyl halides, epoxyalkyl halides and alkyl esters of inorganic acids (the carbon number of the alkyl group being 1-8), or reacting 1-2 moles of at least one of the organic or inorganic acids and alkyl esters thereof with 1 mole of at least one of said diamines and successively reacting the resultant product with 1-20 moles of at least one of formaldehyde, ethylene carbonate and alkylene oxide (the carbon number of the alkylene group being 2-8), or (ii) by reacting 1 mole of at least one of the alkylene dihalides and polyoxyalkylene dihalides (the total carbon number of the alkylene or polyoxyalkylene group being 6-24) with total 2 moles of a mixture consisting of 1-2 moles of at least one of the amines substituted with N-alkyl, N-phenyl, N-alkylphenyl, N-phenylalkyl, N-methylbenzyl, N-hydroxyalkyl, N-hydroxypolyoxyalkyl and/or N-epoxyalkyl (the carbon number per one substitutent being 1-8) having at least one hydroxyphenethyl group in the molecule and less than 1 mole of at least one of the amines substituted with N-alkyl, N-phenyl, N-alkylphenyl, N-phenylalkyl, N-methylbenzyl, N-hydroxyalkyl, N-hydroxypolyoxyalkyl and/or N-epoxyalkyl (the carbon number per one substituent being 1-8), or successively reacting the resultant product with 1-5 moles of at least one of the alkyl halides, hydroxyalkyl halides, hydroxypolyoxyalkyl halides, epoxyalkyl halides and alkyl esters of inorganic acids (the carbon number of the alkyl group being 1-8), or successively reacting the resultant product with 1-20 moles of at least one of formaldehyde, ethylene carbonate and alkylene oxide (the carbon number of the alkylene group being 2-8).
As examples of .alpha.,.omega.-alkylenediamines and .alpha.,.omega.-polyoxyalkylenediamines used as starting material in the said reaction process (i), there may be cited the following: hexylenediamine, octylenediamine, decylenediamine, undecylenediamine, hexadecylenediamine, octadecylenediamine, tetracosilenediamine, trioxyethylenediamine, tetraoxyethylenediamine, pentaoxyethylenediamine, hexaoxyethylenediamine, heptaoxyethylenediamine, octaoxyethylenediamine, trioxypropylenediamine, tetraoxypropylenediamine, pentaoxypropylenediamine, hexaoxypropylenediamine, heptaoxypropylenediamine, octaoxyethylenediamine and various types of N- and/or N'-substituents thereof. Examples of the monoamines used in the above-said reaction process (ii) are: N-methylamine, N-ethylamine, N-propylamine, N-butylamine, N-hexylamine, N-cyclohexylamine, N-octylamine, N-benzylamine, N-methylbenzylamine, aniline, N-hydroxyethylamine, N-hydroxypropylamine, N-hydroxybutylamine, N-hydroxyhexylamine, N-hydroxyoctylamine, N-hydroxyphenethylamine, N-hydroxyethoxyethylamine, N-hydroxydi(ethoxy)ethylamine, N-hydroxytri(ethoxy)ethylamine, N-hydroxypropoxypropylamine, N-glycidylamine and their styrene oxide addition products, and as examples of the alkylene dihalides and polyoxyalkylene dihalides, the following may be cited: 1,6-dichlorohexane, 1,6-dibromohexane, 1,8-dichlorooctane, 1,8-dibromooctane, 1,10-dichlorodecane, 1,10-dibromodecane, 1,12-dichlorodecane, 1,2-dibromododecane, 1,16-dichlorohexadecane, 1,16-dibromohexadecane, 1,18-dichlorooctadecane, 1,18-dibromooctadecane, 1,24-dichlorotetracosane, 1,24-dibromotetracosane, chloroethyloxyethyl.dbd.chloroethyl.dbd.ether, bromoethyloxyethyl.dbd.bromoethyl.dbd.ether, chloroethyldioxyethylene.dbd.chloroethyl.dbd.ether,
bromoethyldioxyethylene.dbd.bromoethyl.dbd.ether, chloroethyltrioxyethylene.dbd.chloroethyl.dbd.ether, bromoethyltrioxyethylene.dbd.bromoethyl.dbd.ether,
chloroethyltetraoxyethylene.dbd.chloroethyl.dbd.ether, bromoethyltetraoxyethylene.dbd.bromoethyl.dbd.ether, chloroethylpentaoxyethylene.dbd.chloroethyl.dbd.ether,
bromoethylpentaoxyethylene.dbd.bromoethyl.dbd.ether, chloroethylhexaoxyethylene.dbd.chloroethyl.dbd.ether, bromoethylhexaoxyethylene.dbd.bromoethyl.dbd.ether,
chloropropyloxypropyl.dbd.chloropropyl.dbd.ether, bromopropyloxypropyl.dbd.bromopropyl.dbd.ether, chloropropyldioxypropylene.dbd.chloropropylene.dbd.ether,
bromopropyldioxypropylene.dbd.bromopropyl.dbd.ether, chloropropyltrioxypropylene.dbd.chloropropyl.dbd.ether, bromopropyltrioxypropylene.dbd.bromopropyl.dbd.ether,
chloropropyltetraoxypropylene.dbd.chloropropyl.dbd.ether, bromopropyltetraoxypropylene.dbd.bromopropyl.dbd.ether, chloropropylpentaoxypropylene.dbd.chloropropyl.dbd.ether, bromopropylpentaoxypropylene.dbd.bromopropyl.dbd.ether, chloropropylhexaoxypropylene.dbd.chloropropyl.dbd.ether and bromopropylhexaoxypropylene.dbd.bromopropyl.dbd.ether. As examples of the alkyl halides, hydroxyalkyl halides, hydroxypolyoxyalkyl halides and epoxyalkyl halides, there may be cited methyl chloride, methyl bromide, benzyl chloride, methylbenzyl chloride, ethylene chlorohydrin, ethylene bromohydrin, monochloroethoxy ethyl alcohol, monobromoethoxy ethyl alcohol, monochloroethoxyethyl.dbd.hydroxyethyl.dbd.ether, monobromoethoxyethyl.dbd.hydroxyethyl.dbd.ether, monochloroethoxyethyl.dbd.hydroxyethoxyethyl.dbd.ether, monobromoethoxyethyl.dbd.hydroxyethoxyethyl.dbd.ether, epichlorohydrin and epibromohydrin. The examples of alkylene oxide include, beside styrene oxide, the following: ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, butylene oxide, hexene oxide and octene oxide. The organic and inorganic acids used as active hydrogen donor in exiting a quaternarization reaction by an alkylene oxide in the cationic surface active agent preparation process of this invention are not subject to any specific restrictions, but the following are recommended for their easy availability: acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, oxalic acid, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, sulfurous acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid, phosphorous acid, hypophosphorous acid, perchloric acid, hexafluorosilicic acid, paratoluenesulfonic acid and the like.
The cationic surface active agent preparing process according to this invention is now described in a more concrete way. The reaction between an .alpha.,.omega.-alkylenediamine or .alpha.,.omega.-polyoxyalkylenediamine and styrene oxide is carried out at a temperature of 100.degree. to 250.degree. C., preferably 150.degree. to 200.degree. C., under a pressure of from atmospheric pressure to 10 kg/cm.sup.2, preferably 2.5-5 kg/cm.sup.2. Although the reaction can proceed with no catalyst, it is free to add a non-polar or polar solvent as the reaction solvent. The attack reaction of an alkyl halide, hydroxylalkyl halide, hydroxypolyoxyalkyl halide, epoxyalkyl halide or an alkyl ester of an inorganic acid against the nitrogen atoms may be accomplished at a temperature of 30.degree.-200.degree. C., preferably 50.degree.-150.degree. C., under a pressure of from atmosphere pressure to 10 kg/cm.sup.2, preferably 2.5-5 kg/cm.sup.2. Use of a catalyst is not essential for this attack reaction, too, but addition of a solvent is effective in accelerating the reaction. The nitrogen atom attack reaction by an organic or inorganic acid can proceed under atmospheric pressure at a temperature of from normal temperature to 100.degree. C., preferably 40.degree.-80.degree. C., but in this case, too, addition of a solvent proves helpful in promoting the reaction.
The addition reaction of formalin, ethylene carbonate or alkylene oxide to active hydrogen can progress at a temperature of 50.degree.-250.degree. C., preferably 80.degree.-200.degree. C., under a pressure of from atmospheric pressure to 15 kg/cm.sup.2, preferably 2.5-5 kg/cm.sup.2. In this case, the reaction is further promoted by use of an acid or an alkaline catalyst and addition of a reaction solvent.
On the other hand, the reaction between a monoamine and an alkylene dihalide or polyoxyalkylene dihalide can be accomplished at a temperature of 50.degree.-250.degree. C., preferably 100.degree.-200.degree. C., under a pressure of from atmospheric pressure to 10 kg/cm.sup.2, preferably 3-7 kg/cm.sup.2. Although no catalyst is required for this reaction, addition of a reaction solvent conduces to faster advancement of the reaction.
The fact that the cationic surface active agents of this invention can be prepared advantageously can be ascertained from observing the decrease of the total amine value and by confirming the absorption band of skeletal vibration of quaternary ammonium in the IR spectrum of the product.
The present inventors have further reached a finding that the cationic surface active agents prepared according to this invention can effectively act as a micellar catalyst or phase transfer catalyst, particularly in a system using an aqueous solution of an alkali metal hydroxide or an alkali earth metal hydroxide, to greatly contribute to promotion of rationalization of the process. Among the practical industrial processes using an aqueous solution of an alkali metal hydroxide or an alkali earth metal hydroxide are, for example, a process in which the fiber molecules are partly hydrolyzed with an alkali, like in georgette working or mercerization of polyester fibers, a process in which 3,4-dichlorobutene-1, which is a butadiene derivative, is dehydrochlorinated by an alkali treatment to convert it into 2-chlorobutadiene, a process in which 1,1,2-trichloroethane or 1,2-dichloroethane is dehydrochlorinated by an alkali treatment to convert it into vinylidene chloride or vinyl chloride, a process in which pulp is digested with an alkali to get rid of lignin, and many other important chemical and physical change processes. The cationic surface active agents of this invention have the properties that they are not biased either to the aqueous phase or to the non-aqueous phase and that they tend to gather round the interface, so that they display a catalytic function with small loadings in said processes and are also minimized in release into waste water after use. Thus, in practical use, the surface active agents of this invention can work as a lasting catalyst in said processes while arresting increase of organic carbon rate in waste water to conduce to environmental protection. Shown below are the embodiments of the invention.

EXAMPLE 1
186.3 g (1 mol) of undecylenediamine was fed into a five necked flask equipped with a stirrer, a thermometer, a gas inlet tube, a dropping funnel and an adaptor for connecting a condenser, and after heating said amine to 170.degree. C., 240.2 g (2 mol) of styrene oxide was added dropwise thereto by spending approximately 2 hours, the mixture being allowed to react for one hour under the conditions of 170.degree.-180.degree. C. and atmospheric pressure to 2 kg/cm.sup.2 and further aged until the epoxy oxygen content became less than 0.1%. After lowering the internal temperature to 125.degree. C., 44.1 g (1 mol) of ethylene oxide was introduced under the conditions of 125.degree.-135.degree. C. and atmospheric pressure to 4 kg/cm.sup.2 by spending approximately one hour and the mixture was further aged for one hour till the internal pressure returned to atmospheric pressure, resultantly obtaining an intermediate product N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-N,N'-di(2-hydroxyphenethyl)undecylenediamine (FIG. 1). Then, 571.6 g of ethylene glycol was added, and after diluting the mixture, 101 g (2 mol) of methyl chloride was introduced under the conditions of 90.degree.-95.degree. C. and atmospheric pressure-4 kg/cm.sup.2 by taking approximately 5 hours, and the mixture was further aged for one hour until the internal pressure returned to the atmospheric pressure, thereby synthesizing the objective product of a hydrochloric acid neutralized substance of (methyl.dbd.2-hydroxyphenethyl)aminoundecyl.dbd.methyl.dbd.2-hydroxyethyl.dbd.2-hydroxystyryl.dbd.ammonium.dbd.chloride (FIG. 2).
Amine value of the product: 0.12 (theoretical: 0).
Confirmation of absorption band of quaternary nitrogen by IR spectral analysis (FIG. 2): 1160 cm.sup.-1.
EXAMPLE 2
186.3 g (1 mol) of undecylenediamine and 240.2 g (2 mole) of styrene oxide were fed into the same reaction apparatus as used in Example 1 and reacted under the conditions of 180.degree.-200.degree. C. and atmospheric pressure-5 kg/cm.sup.2 for 2 hours. Then the internal temperature was lowered to 140.degree. C. and 88.2 g (1 mol) of ethylene oxide was introduced by using a time period of 2 hours, followed by aging of the mixture for additional one hour under the conditions of 140.degree.-145.degree. C. and 3-4 kg/cm.sup.2. After further adding 615.7 g of dioxane, 101 g (2 mol) of methyl chloride was introduced under the conditions of 90.degree.-95.degree. C. and atmospheric pressure-4 kg/cm.sup.2 by spending 5 hours to effect cationization, thereby synthesizing the objective 1,11-di(methyl.dbd.2-hydroxyethyl.dbd.2-hydroxyphenethyl.dbd.ammonium)undecane.dbd.dichloride.
Amine value of the product: 1.10 (theoretical: 0).
IR spectrum absorption band of quaternary nitrogen: 1160 cm.sup.-1.
EXAMPLE 3
By following the pattern of Example 1, 240.2 g (2 mol) of styrene oxide and 44.1 g (1 mol) of ethylene oxide were added to 186.3 g (1 mol) of undecylenediamine, and the mixture was diluted by adding 723.8 g of butyl alcohol. Then, 253.2 g (2 mol) of benzyl chloride was supplied to the mixture to effect cationization under the conditions of atmospheric pressure and 125.degree.-130.degree. C. by spending approximately 15 hours to thereby synthesize the objective (benzyl.dbd.2-hydroxyphenethyl)aminoundecyl.dbd.benzyl.dbd.2-hydroxyethyl.dbd.2-hydroxyphenethyl.dbd.ammonium.dbd.chloride hydrochloride.
Amine value of the product: 0.55 (theoretical: 0).
IR spectrum absorption band of quaternary nitrogen: 1165 cm.sup.-1.
EXAMPLE 4
240.2 g (2 mol) of styrene oxide and 88.2 g (1 mol) of ethylene oxide were added to 186.3 g (1 mol) of undecylenediamine and treated in the same way as Example 2, and the mixture was diluted by adding 767.9 g of butyl alcohol. Then 253.2 g (2 mole) of benzyl chloride was introduced to effect cationization under the conditions of 125.degree.-130.degree. C. and atmospheric pressure by spending approximately 20 hours to synthesize objective 1,11-di(benzyl.dbd.2-hydroxyethyl.dbd.2-hydroxyphenethyl.dbd.ammonium)undecane.dbd.dichloride.
Amine value of the product: 0.67 (theoretical: 0).
IR spectrum absorption band of quaternary nitrogen: 1165 cm.sup.-1.
EXAMPLE 5
452.9 g (1 mol) of N,N'-trioctylhexamethylenediamine was fed into a reaction apparatus same as used in Example 1, and after adding dropwise thereto 120.1 g (1 mol) of styrene oxide, the mixture was reacted for 4 hours under the conditions of 180.degree.-200.degree. C. and atmospheric pressure-5 kg/cm.sup.2. Then 257.1 g (1 mol) of monobromoethoxyethyl.dbd.hydroxyethoxyethyl.dbd.ether was fed to effect cationization under the conditions of 140.degree.-150.degree. C. and 4-5 kg/cm.sup.2 by spending approximately 20 hours to synthesize (hexyl.dbd.2-hydroxyphenethyl)aminohexyl.dbd.dihexyl.dbd.hydroxyethyldioxyethyleneoxyethyl.dbd.ammonium.dbd.bromide.
Amine value of the product: 220.3 (theoretical: 218.2).
IR spectrum absorption band of quaternary nitrogen: 1162 cm.sup.-1.
EXAMPLE 6
378.6 g (1 mol) of N-dimethyl-N'-methylbenzyloctaoxyethylenediamine and 120.1 g (1 mol) of styrene oxide were supplied into a reaction apparatus same as used in Example 1 and reacted under the conditions of 190.degree.-200.degree. C. and atmospheric pressure-5 kg/cm.sup.2 for four hours. After further adding 625 g of isopropyl alcohol, 126.3 g (1 mol) of dimethylsulfuric acid was added dropwise under atmospheric pressure at 70.degree.-75.degree. C. for a period of one hour, and the mixture was further aged under the same conditions for one hour to effect cationization, thereby synthesizing (methylbenzyl.dbd.2-hydroxyphenethyl)aminoethylhexaoxyethyleneoxyethyl.dbd.trimethyl.dbd.ammonium.dbd.methylsulfate.
Amine value of the product: 90.0 (theoretical: 89.8).
IR spectrum absorption band of quaternary nitrogen: 1162 cm.sup.-1.
EXAMPLE 7
692.9 g (1 mol) of N-diphenyl-N'-hydroxyethyloctaoxypropylenediamine and 120.1 g (1 mol) of styrene oxide were fed into the same reaction apparatus as used in Example 1 and reacted under the conditions of 140.degree.-150.degree. C. and atmospheric pressure-2 kg/cm.sup.2 for 2 hours. Then, after further adding thereto 905.5 g (1 mol) of ethylene glycol, 92.5 g (1 mol) of epichlorohydrin was supplied to effectuate cationization under the conditions of atmospheric pressure and 120.degree.-125.degree. C., taking a time of 6 hours, to synthesize diphenylaminopropylhexaoxypropyleneoxypropyl.dbd.2-hydroxyethyl.dbd.2-hydroxyphenethyl.dbd.glycidyl.dbd.ammonium.dbd.chloride.
Amine value of the product: 64.1 (theoretical: 62.0).
IR spectrum absorption band of quaternary nitrogen: 1162 cm.sup.-1.
EXAMPLE 8
456.8 g (1 mol) of N,N'-di(2-hydroxyethyl)tetracosylenediamine and 120.1 g (1 mol) of styrene oxide were supplied into a reaction apparatus same as used in Example 1, and they were reacted under the conditions of 180.degree.-190.degree. C. and atmospheric pressure-3 kg/cm.sup.2 for 3 hours. This was followed by further addition of 88.1 g (1 mol) of ethylene carbonate and reaction of the mixture under the conditions of 120.degree.-130.degree. C. and atmospheric pressure-3 kg/cm.sup.2 for 2 hours, and after diluting the reaction product by adding 1,153 g of ethylene glycol, 208.6 g (equivalent to 2 mol) of a 35% hydrochloric acid solution was added dropwise under atmospheric pressure at 50.degree.-60.degree. C. for a period of 2 hours, followed by further addition of 162.3 g (equivalent to 2 mol) of a 37% formalin solution to effect quaternarization under atmospheric pressure at 70.degree.-80.degree. C. by taking 5 hours to synthesize 1-(hydroxymethyl.dbd.2-hydroxyethyl.dbd.2-hydroxyphenethyl)ammonium-24-{hydroxymethyl.dbd.di(2-hydroxyethyl)}ammoniumtetracosane.dbd.dichloride.
Amine value of the product: 0 (theoretical: 0).
IR spectrum absorption band of quaternary nitrogen: 1160 cm.sup.-1.
EXAMPLE 9
284.5 g (1 mol) of octadecylenediamine and 120.1 g (1 mol) of styrene oxide were fed into a reaction apparatus similar to that of Example 1 and reacted under the conditions of 180.degree.-190.degree. C. and atmospheric pressure-3 kg/cm.sup.2 for 3 hours. Then 132 g (2 mol) of hypophorous acid was supplied to accomplish a neutralization reaction at 70.degree.-80.degree. C. for one hour, and after further adding 0.5 g of boron trifluoride etherate, 882 g (20 mol) of ethylene oxide was introduced under the conditions of 100.degree.-120.degree. C. and atmospheric pressure-4 kg/cm.sup.2 by taking a time of 6 hours, followed by further aging for one hour under the same conditions to thereby synthesize 1-{di(hydroxypolyethyleneoxyethyl).dbd.2-hydroxyphenethyl}ammonium-18-{tri(hydroxypolyethyleneoxyethyl)}ammoniumoctadecane.dbd.dihypophosphite.
Amine value of the product: 1.60 (theoretical: 0).
IR spectrum absorption band of quaternary nitrogen: 1160 cm.sup.-1.
EXAMPLE 10
186.3 g (1 mol) of undecylenediamine was fed into a reaction apparatus similar to Example 1, followed by introduction of 120.1 g (1 mol) of styrene oxide under the conditions of 170.degree.-180.degree. C. and atmospheric pressure-2 kg/cm.sup.2 for a period of three hours and additional one-hour aging of the mixture under the same conditions. After further adding 0.6 g of sodium carbonate, 697.2 g (12 mol) of propylene oxide was introduced under the conditions of 100.degree.-130.degree. C. and atmospheric pressure-5 kg/cm.sup.2 for a period of 6 hours and the mixture was aged under the same conditions for one hour. After diluting the reaction mixture by adding 1,253.6 g of methyl cellosolve, 250 g (2 moles) of ethylenebromohydrin was fed to effect cationization under atmospheric pressure at 120.degree.-130.degree. C. by taking 20 hours to thereby synthesiz 1-(hydroxypolypropyleneoxypropyl.dbd.2-hydroxyethyl.dbd.2-hydroxyphenethyl)ammonium-11-{di(hydroxypolypropyleneoxypropyl).dbd.2-hydroxyethyl} ammoniumundecane.dbd.dibromide.
Amine value of the product: 1.85 (theoretical: 0).
IR spectrum absorption band of quaternary nitrogen: 1160 cm.sup.-1.
EXAMPLE 11
344.5 g (1 mol) of N,N'-dibenzyltrioxyethylenediamine was fed into the reaction apparatus of Example 1 and reacted with 120.1 g (1 mol) of styrene oxide under the conditions of 180.degree.-190.degree. C. and atmospheric pressure-5 kg/cm.sup.2 for a period of 3 hours. After diluting the reaction mixture by adding 897.2 g of dioxane, 344.4 g (2 mol) of toluenesulfonic acid was added to effectuate a neutralization reaction under atmospheric pressure at 70.degree.-80.degree. C. for one hour, followed by introduction of 88.2 g (2 mol) of ethylene oxide under the same conditions by taking 10 hours and additional one-hour aging to effect quaternarization, thereby synthesizing a toluenesulfonic acid-neutralized substance of (benzyl.dbd.2-hydroxyphenethyl)aminoethoxyethoxyethyl.dbd.benzyl.dbd.di(2-hydroxyethyl).dbd.ammonium.dbd.toluenesulfonate.
Amine value of the product: 0.90 (theoretical: 0).
IR spectrum absorption band of quaternary nitrogen: 1165 cm.sup.-1.
EXAMPLE 12
580.7 g (1 mol) of N-diphenyl-N'-hydroxyethyloctaoxyethylenediamine and 120.1 g (1 mol) of styrene oxide were fed into the reaction apparatus of Example 1 and reacted under the condition of 190.degree.-200.degree. C. and atmospheric pressure-5 kg/cm.sup.2 for a period of 4 hours. After diluting the reaction mixture by adding 500 g of butyl alcohol, 203.2 g (2 mol) of 62%-silver nitrate aqueous solution was added dropwise by taking 2 hours at 50.degree.-60.degree. C. under an atmospheric pressure, followed by introduction of 58.1 g (1 mol) of propylene oxide under the condition of 80.degree.-90.degree. C. by taking 2 hours, and addition one-hour aging to effect quaternarization under the same conditions, thereby synthesizing a nitric acid-neutralized substance of diphenylaminoethylhexaoxyethyleneoxyethyl.dbd.2-hydroxyethyl.dbd.2-hydroxypropyl.dbd.2-hydroxyphenethyl.dbd.ammonium.dbd.nitrate.
Amine value of the product: 0 (theoretical: 0).
IR spectrum absorption band of quaternary nitrogen: 1163 cm.sup.-1.
EXAMPLE 13
116.2 g (1 mol) of hexamethylenediamine was fed into a reaction apparatus same as used in Example 1, then 480.4 g (4 mol) of styrene oxide was added dropwise thereto under atmospheric pressure at 170.degree.-180.degree. C. by spending approximately 3 hours and the mixture was reacted for 2 hours at the same temperature under a pressure within the range of atmospheric pressure to 5 kg/cm.sup.2. After diluting the reaction mixture by adding 786.5 g of ethyl alcohol, 189.9 g (2 mol) of methyl bromide was introduced at 70.degree.-80.degree. C. under atmospheric pressure to 2 kg/cm.sup.2 by taking 3 hours and the mixture was further aged under the same conditions for one hour to effect cationization, thereby synthesizing 1,6-di{methyl.dbd.di(2-hydroxyphenethyl).dbd.ammonium}hexane.dbd.dibromide.
Amine value of the product: 1.86 (theoretical: 0).
IR spectrum absorption band of quaternary nitrogen: 1165 cm.sup.-1.
EXAMPLE 14
390.5 g (2 mol) of methyl.dbd.2-hydroxyethyl.dbd.2-hydroxystyryl.dbd.amine and 239.2 g (1 mol) of 1,12-dichlorododecane were fed into a reaction apparatus same as used in Example 1, and by further adding 630 g of butyl alcohol, the mixture was cationized under the conditions of 140.degree.-150.degree. C. and 3-5 kg/cm.sup.2 by spending 30 hours to synthesize 1,12-di(methyl.dbd.2-hydroxyethyl.dbd.2-hydroxyphenethyl.dbd.ammonium)dodecane.dbd.dichloride.
Amine value of the product: 2.68 (theoretical: 0).
IR spectrum absorption band of quaternary nitrogen: 1160 cm.sup.-1.
EXAMPLE 15
542.7 g (2 mol) of benzyl.dbd.2-hydroxyethyl.dbd.2-hydroxyphenethyl.dbd.amine and 328.1 g (1 mol) of 1,12-dibromododecane were supplied into the same apparatus as used in Example 1, followed by addition of 870 g of ethylene glycol and 40-hour cationization under the conditions of 150.degree.-160.degree. C. and 5-6 kg/cm.sup.2 to synthesize 1,12-di(benzyl.dbd.2-hydroxyethyl.dbd.2-hydroxyphenethyl.dbd.ammonium)dodecane.dbd.dibromide.
Amine value of the product: 2.91 (theoretical: 0).
IR spectrum absorption band of quaternary nitrogen: 1160 cm.sup.-1.
EXAMPLE 16
542.7 g (2 mol) of benzyl.dbd.2-hydroxyethyl.dbd.2-hydroxyphenethyl.dbd.amine and 319.2 g (1 mol) of chloroethyltetraoxyethylene.dbd.chloroethyl.dbd.ether were fed into a reaction apparatus of the type used in Example 1, and after adding 862 g of di(methoxyethyl).dbd.ether, the reaction mixture was cationized under the conditions of 150.degree.-155.degree. C. and atmospheric pressure-3 kg/cm.sup.2 for a period of 20 hours to synthesize 1,17-di(benzyl.dbd.2-hydroxyethyl.dbd.2-hydroxyphenethyl.dbd.ammonium)hexaoxyethylene.dbd.dichloride.
Amine value of the product: 0.42 (theoretical: 0).
IR spectrum absorption band of quaternary nitrogen: 1162 cm.sup.-1.
EXAMPLE 17
450.6 g (2 mol) of di(2-hydroxyethyl).dbd.2-hydroxyphenethyl.dbd.amine and 319.2 g (1 mol) of chloroethyltetraoxyethylene.dbd.chloroethyl.dbd.ether were fed into a reaction apparatus same as used in Example 1, followed by 20-hours cationization under the conditions of 160.degree.-170.degree. C. and atmospheric pressure-3 kg/cm.sup.2 to synthesize 1,17-di{di(2-hydroxyethyl).dbd.2-hydroxyphenethyl.dbd.ammonium}hexaoxyethylene.dbd.dichloride.
Amine value of the product: 0.13 (theoretical: 0).
IR spectrum absorption band of quaternary nitrogen: 1162 cm.sup.-1.
EXAMPLE 18
454.6 g (2 mol) of benzyl.dbd.2-hydroxyphenethyl.dbd.amine and 328.1 g (1 mol) of 1,12-dibromododecane were fed into a reaction apparatus similar to that used in Example 1, and after further adding 826.8 g of ethylene glycol, cationization was accomplished under the conditions of 160.degree.-170.degree. C. and 4-6 kg/cm.sup.2 by using 30 hours. Thereafter, 44.1 g (1 mol) of ethylene oxide was introduced under the conditions of 90.degree.-100.degree. C. and atmospheric pressure to 4 kg/cm.sup.2 by spending 1 hour, followed by one-hour aging to effect quaternarization to thereby synthesize a hydrobromic acid-neutralized substance of (benzyl.dbd.2-hydroxyphenethyl)aminododecyl.dbd.benzyl.dbd.2-hydroxyethyl.dbd.2-hydroxyphenethyl.dbd.ammonium.dbd.bromide.
Amine value of the product: 2.05 (theoretical: 0).
IR spectrum absorption band of quaternary nitrogen: 1165 cm.sup.-1.
EXAMPLE 19
362.5 g (2 mol) of 2-hydroxyethyl-2-hydroxyphenethyl.dbd.amine and 319.2 g (1 mol) of chloroethyltetraoxyethylene.dbd.chloroethyl.dbd.ether were fed into the reaction apparatus used in Example 1 and the mixture was cationized under the conditions of 160.degree.-170.degree. C. and 3-5 kg/cm.sup.2 by requiring one hour. Thereafter, 44.1 g (1 mol) of ethylene oxide was introduced under the conditions of 90.degree.-100.degree. C. and 2-4 kg/cm.sup.2 for a period of one hour, followed by one-hour aging at the same temperature to perform quaternarization, thereby synthesizing a hydrochloric acid-neutralized product of (2-hydroxyethyl.dbd.2-hydroxyphenethyl)aminoethyltetraoxyethyleneoxyethyl.dbd.di(2-hydroxyethyl).dbd.2-hydroxyphenethyl.dbd.ammonium.dbd.chloride.
Amine value of the product: 0.37 (theoretical: 0).
IR spectrum absorption band of quaternary nitrogen: 1161 cm.sup.-1.
EXAMPLE 20
426.6 g (2 mol) of phenyl.dbd.2-hydroxystyryl.dbd.amine and 155.0 g (1 mol) of dichlorohexane were fed into a reaction apparatus such as used in Example 1, and after adding 630 g of di(methoxyethyl).dbd.ether, the mixture was reacted under the conditions of 140.degree.-145.degree. C. and 5-6 kg/cm.sup.2 for 40 hours, which was followed by further addition of 40 g (1 mol) of sodium hydroxide and 3-hour-period introduction of 50.5 g (1 mol) of methyl chloride at 100.degree.-110.degree. C. under atmospheric pressure to 5 kg/cm.sup.2 to effectuate cationization, thereby synthesizing a hydrochloric acid neutralization product of (phenyl.dbd.2.dbd.hydroxyphenethyl)aminohexyl.dbd.methyl.dbd.phenyl.dbd.2-hydroxyphenethyl.dbd.ammonium.dbd.chloride.
Amine value of the product: 2.23 (theoretical: 0).
IR spectrum absorption band of quaternary nitrogen: 1165 cm.sup.-1.
EXAMPLE 21
390.5 g (2 mol) of methyl.dbd.hydroxyethoxyethyl.dbd.2-hydroxyphenethylamine and 496.5 g (1 mol) of 1,24-dibromotetracosane were fed into a reaction apparatus similar to that used in Example 1, and after adding 887 g of ethylene glycol, cationization was performed under the conditions of 160.degree.-170.degree. C. and 3-6 kg/cm.sup.2 by spending 30 hours to synthesize 1,24-di(methyl.dbd.hydroxyethoxy-ethyl.dbd.2-hydroxyphenethylammonium)tetracosane.
Amine value of the product: 2.89 (theoretical: 0).
IR spectrum absorption band of quaternary nitrogen: 1160 cm.sup.-1.
EXAMPLE 22
301.3 g (1 mol) of 2-hydroxyethyl.dbd.di(2-hydrophenethyl)amine, 149.2 g (1 mol) of dimethyl.dbd.methylbenzylamine, 173.0 g (1 mol) of chloroethoxyethyl.dbd.chloroethyl.dbd.ether and 623.6 g of ethylene glycol were fed into the reaction apparatus of Example 1 and cationization was conducted under the conditions of 150.degree.-160.degree. C. and atmospheric pressure to 5 kg/cm.sup.2 by using a time of 20 hours to synthesize 1-{2-hydroxyethyl.dbd.di(2-hydroxyphenethyl)ammonium}-8-(dimethyl.dbd.methylbenzylammonium)trioxyethylene.dbd.dichloride.
Amine value of the product: 1.11 (theoretical: 0).
IR spectrum absorption band of quaternary nitrogen: 1164 cm.sup.-1.
EXAMPLE 23
369.6 g (1 mol) of octyl.dbd.di(2-hydroxyphenethyl)amine, 129.3 g (1 mol) of octylamine and 755.3 g (1 mol) of bromopropylhexaoxypropylene.dbd.bromopropyl.dbd.ether were fed into a reaction apparatus same as employed in Example 1 and reacted under the conditions of 140.degree.-150.degree. C. and 3-5 kg/cm.sup.2 for 20 hours, followed by further addition of 256.4 g (2 mol) of octene oxide and 10-hour-period quaternarization under the conditions of 150.degree.-160.degree. C. and 5-6 kg/cm.sup.2 to synthesize 1-{octyl.dbd.di(2-hydroxyphenethyl)ammonium}-23{octyl.dbd.di(2-hydroxyoctyl)ammonium}octaoxypropylene.dbd.dibromide.
Amine value of the product: 1.20 (theoretical: 0).
IR spectrum absorption band of quaternary nitrogen: 1170 cm.sup.-1.
EXAMPLE 24
386.6 g (2 mol) of butyl.dbd.2-hydroxyphenethyl.dbd.amine and 408.1 g (1 mol) of bromoethyltetraoxyethylene.dbd.bromoethyl.dbd.ether were fed into a reaction apparatus identical with that used in Example 1, and after adding thereto 921 g of di(methoxyethyl).dbd.ether, the mixture was reacted under the conditions of 140.degree.-150.degree. C. and 3-5 kg/cm.sup.2 for 30 hours, followed by further addition of 112.2 g (2 mol) of potassium hydroxide, dropwise addition of 126.3 g (1 mol) of dimethylsulfuric acid under atmospheric pressure at 80.degree.-85.degree. C. for a period of one hour and one-hour cationization under the same conditions to thereby synthesize (butyl.dbd.2-hydroxyphenethyl)aminoethyltetraoxyethyleneoxyethyl.dbd.methyl.dbd.butyl.dbd.2-hydroxystyryl.dbd.ammonium.dbd.methylsulfate.
Amine value of the product: 67.3 (theoretical: 66.8).
IR spectrum absorption band of quaternary nitrogen: 1160 cm.sup.-1.
EXAMPLE 25
277.4 g (1 mol) of cyclohexyl.dbd.2-hydroxypropyl.dbd.2-hydroxyphenethyl.dbd.amine, 105.1 g (1 mol) of di(2-hydroxyethyl)amine, 328.1 g (1 mol) of 1,12-dibromododecane and 1,210 g of di(methoxyethyl).dbd.ether were fed into a reaction apparatus of the same type as employed in Example 1, and cationization was performed under the conditions of 140.degree.-150.degree. C. and 3-5 kg/cm.sup.2 by spending 30 hours. Then 81.2 g (equivalent to 1 mol) of a 37% formalin solution was added to accomplish quaternarization under atmospheric pressure at 70.degree.-80.degree. C. by requiring 5 hours to thereby synthesize 1-(cyclohexyl.dbd.2-hydroxypropyl.dbd.2-hydroxyphenethyl)ammonium-12{hydroxymethyl.dbd.di(2-hydroxyethyl)}ammoniumdodecane.dbd.dibromide.
Amine value of the product: 1.12 (theoretical: 0).
IR spectrum absorption band of quaternary nitrogen: 1160 cm.sup.-1.
EXAMPLE 26
482.7 g (2 mol) of methylbenzyl.dbd.2-hydroxyphenethyl.dbd.amine and 408.1 g (1 mol) of bromoethyltetraoxyethylene.dbd.bromoethyl.dbd.ether were fed into a reaction apparatus similar to that of Example 1 and reacted under the conditions of 150.degree.-160.degree. C. and 3-6 kg/cm.sup.2 for 25 hours. Then 80 g (2 mol) of sodium hydroxide was added to the reaction mixture, followed by dropwise addition of 185 g (2 mol) of epichlorohydrin under atmospheric pressure at 90.degree.-95.degree. C. for a period of 3 hours and one-hour-period quaternarization under the same conditions to synthesize 1,17-di(methylbenzyl.dbd.2-hydroxyphenethyl.dbd.gylcidyl)ammonium.dbd.hexaoxyethylene.dbd.dibromide.
Amine value of the product: 0.41 (theoretical: 0).
IR spectrum absorption band of quaternary nitrogen: 1165 cm.sup.-1.
EXAMPLE 27
522.8 g (2 mol) of 2-ethylhexyl.dbd.2-hydroxyphenethyl.dbd.amine and 332.1 g (1 mol) of bromoethoxyhexyl.dbd.bromoethyl.dbd.ether were fed into a reaction apparatus of the same type as used in Example 1 and reacted under the conditions of 150.degree.-160.degree. C. and 3-5 kg/cm.sup.2 for 30 hours. After additionally feeding 88.1 g (1 mol) of ethylene carbonate, the mixture was reacted under the conditions of 120.degree.-130.degree. C. and atmospheric pressure-3 kg/cm.sup.2 for 2 hours and quaternarized to synthesize a hydrobromic acid neutralization product of (2-ethylhexyl.dbd.2-hydroxyphenethyl)aminoethoxyhexyl.dbd.2-ethylhexyl.dbd.2-hydroxyethyl.dbd.2-hydroxyphenethyl.dbd.ammonium.dbd.bromide.
Amine value of the product: 0.88 (theoretical: 0).
IR spectrum absorption band of quaternary nitrogen: 1160 cm.sup.-1.
EXAMPLE 28
Described hereinbelow is the effect of the cationic surface active agents of this invention in accelerating the hydrolytic reaction of polyester in alkaline aqueous solutions. Table 1 shows the results of measurement of percent loss in weight of polyester taffeta when the cationic surface active agents synthesized in Examples 1-27 were used as hydrolysis accelerator. The test method was as follows.
(1) Test conditions
Test fabric: polyester (polyethylene terephthalate) taffeta
Bath ratio: 1:100 (The treating bath was prepared by adding a test quantity of each cationic surface active agent in a 1% NaOH solution)
Treating temperature: 95.degree. C. (constant)
Treating solution stirring speed: 30 r.p.m.
(2) Test apparatus
Color Master HD-12 manufactured by Tujii Senki Co., Ltd.
(3) Calculation of percent loss of weight
The percent loss of weight was calculated from the following formula: ##EQU1##
TABLE 1__________________________________________________________________________Percent loss of weight of polyester taffetafrom hydrolysis in alkaline solution Amount (g) Percent loss of Percent loss of added per 1 kg weight after weight after of 1% NaOH 30-minute treat- 60-minute treat-Sample added solution ment at 95.degree. C. ment at 95.degree. C.__________________________________________________________________________Blank test (no additive) -- 3.7% 5.2%Cationic surface active agent 0.20 22.2 32.7synthesized in Example 1Cationic surface active agent 0.50 30.1 47.1synthesized in Example 1Cationic surface active agent 0.25 20.3 30.3synthesized in Example 2Cationic surface active agent 0.75 30.0 45.2synthesized in Example 2Cationic surface active agent 0.30 22.3 33.1synthesized in Example 3Cationic surface active agent 0.60 31.2 47.0synthesized in Example 3Cationic surface active agent 0.35 20.0 29.3synthesized in Example 4Cationic surface active agent 1.05 28.2 40.5synthesized in Example 4Cationic surface active agent 0.50 17.3 30.9synthesized in Example 5Cationic surface active agent 1.50 29.9 39.0synthesized in Example 5Cationic surface active agent 0.45 21.1 30.1synthesized in Example 6Cationic surface active agent 0.90 31.1 43.2synthesized in Example 6Cationic surface active agent 1.00 16.1 22.3synthesized in Example 7Cationic surface active agent 1.50 20.1 32.7synthesized in Example 7Cationic surface active agent 1.50 15.3 21.2synthesized in Example 8Cationic surface active agent 2.00 19.8 30.1synthesized in Example 8Cationic surface active agent 0.80 22.3 33.1synthesized in Example 9Cationic surface active agent 1.60 27.7 48.6synthesized in Example 9Cationic surface active agent 0.50 18.9 28.8synthesized in Example 10Cationic surface active agent 1.00 23.9 36.1synthesized in Example 10Cationic surface active agent 1.00 16.7 29.0synthesized in Example 11Cationic surface active agent 2.00 22.1 31.1synthesized in Example 11Cationic surface active agent 1.00 18.6 30.2synthesized in Example 12Cationic surface active agent 2.00 23.3 35.5synthesized in Example 12Cationic surface active agent 0.20 22.0 32.0synthesized in Example 13Cationic surface active agent 0.50 29.8 47.0synthesized in Example 13Cationic surface active agent 0.25 20.3 30.2synthesized in Example 14Cationic surface active agent 0.75 31.5 46.0synthesized in Example 14Cationic surface active agent 0.30 21.9 32.7synthesized in Example 15Cationic surface active agent 0.60 33.1 47.0synthesized in Example 15Cationic surface active agent 0.20 24.6 35.1synthesized in Example 16Cationic surface active agent 0.40 29.0 44.4synthesized in Example 16Cationic surface active agent 0.20 25.6 36.8synthesized in Example 17Cationic surface active agent 0.40 32.0 47.0synthesized in Example 17Cationic surface active agent 0.20 20.3 32.1synthesized in Example 18Cationic surface active agent 0.40 29.3 44.3synthesized in Example 18Cationic surface active agent 0.20 21.1 32.4synthesized in Example 19Cationic surface active agent 0.40 31.3 46.0synthesized in Example 19Cationic surface active agent 0.90 20.0 30.1synthesized in Example 20Cationic surface active agent 1.80 28.8 39.1synthesized in Example 20Cationic surface active agent 1.00 18.2 29.0synthesized in Example 21Cationic surface active agent 2.00 23.0 33.3synthesized in Example 21Cationic surface active agent 0.15 18.9 30.3synthesized in Example 22Cationic surface active agent 0.30 20.0 37.3synthesized in Example 22Cationic surface active agent 0.30 17.2 29.0synthesized in Example 23Cationic surface active agent 0.60 24.3 33.3synthesized in Example 23Cationic surface active agent 0.10 16.2 29.8synthesized in Example 24Cationic surface active agent 0.30 24.1 40.0synthesized in Example 24Cationic surface active agent 0.20 20.0 30.8synthesized in Example 25Cationic surface active agent 0.50 28.7 44.9synthesized in Example 25Cationic surface active agent 0.20 18.9 28.9synthesized in Example 26Cationic surface active agent 0.50 27.7 40.3synthesized in Example 26Cationic surface active agent 0.30 18.0 28.0synthesized in Example 27Cationic surface active agent 0.60 26.2 39.9synthesized in Example 27Dodecyltrimethylammonium:chloride* 1.00 7.3 12.2Dodecyltrimethylammonium:chloride* 2.00 8.2 14.81,11-di{methyl.dbd.di(2-hydroxyethyl).dbd. 1.00 4.2 12.0ammonium}undecane.dbd.dichloride**1,11-di{methyl.dbd.di(2-hydroxyethyl).dbd. 2.00 6.8 13.3ammonium}undecane.dbd.dichloride**__________________________________________________________________________ Notes: *Dodecyltrimethylammonium.dbd.chloride is a known cationic surface active agent used here as a comparative product. **1,11di{methyl.dbd.di(2hydroxyethyl).dbd.ammonium}undecane.dbd.dichlorid is an N,N'--longchain alkylene type cationic surface active agent having no hydroxyphenethyl group, used here as a comparative product.
EXAMPLE 29
Shown here is the effect of the cationic surface active agents of this invention in promoting the dehydrochlorination reaction of the organic chlorine compounds in an alkaline aqueous solution. The reaction for synthesizing 2-chlorobutadiene from 3,4-dichlorobutene-1 was used here. The test method was as follows.
(1) Testing conditions
Reaction molar ratio and proportions of the materials charged:
______________________________________(1) organic phase: 3,4,-dichlorobutene-1 62.5 g (0.5 mol) Toluene 94 g(2) Aqueous phase: Sodium hydroxide 22 g (0.55 mol) Water 78 g(3) Reaction test quantity of each accelerator: of the cationic surface active agents synthesized in Examples 1-27______________________________________
Reaction temperature: 50.degree. C. (constant)
Stirring rate: 1,200 r.p.m.
(2) Test apparatus
Four-necked flask equipped with a stirrer, a thermometer, a dropping funnel and a reflux condenser.
(3) Calculation of 2-chlorobutadiene formation rate
The reaction product was subjected to 80.degree. C. constant-temperature gas chromatographic analysis by using a column with silicon DC-550 as carrier, and the 2-chlorobutadiene formation rate was calculated from the peak area ratio of 3,4-dichlorobutene-1 to 2-chlorobutadiene given on the chart.
The test results are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2__________________________________________________________________________2-Chlorobutadiene formation rate in toluene solution-sodiumhydroxide solution system of 3,4-dichlorobutene 2-Chlorobuta- 2-Chlorobuta- Amount (g) diene formation diene formation added per 62.5 g rate after 30- rate after 60- of 3,4-dichloro- minute treat- minute treat-Sample added butene-1 ment at 50.degree. C. ment at 50.degree. C.__________________________________________________________________________Blank test (no additive) -- 2.7% 3.8%Cationic surface active agent 0.03 17.0 22.5synthesized in Example 1Cationic surface active agent 0.30 67.3 85.9synthesized in Example 1Cationic surface active agent 0.05 16.1 20.1synthesized in Example 2Cationic surface active agent 0.35 65.8 84.3synthesized in Example 2Cationic surface active agent 0.05 20.1 27.1synthesized in Example 3Cationic surface active agent 0.30 67.3 87.2synthesized in Example 3Cationic surface active agent 0.07 15.0 19.0synthesized in Example 4Cationic surface active agent 0.40 60.3 80.3synthesized in Example 4Cationic surface active agent 0.06 12.1 15.9synthesized in Example 5Cationic surface active agent 0.60 45.2 74.0synthesized in Example 5Cationic surface active agent 0.06 15.2 22.3synthesized in Example 6Cationic surface active agent 0.70 62.7 80.1synthesized in Example 6Cationic surface active agent 0.10 12.0 14.8synthesized in Example 7Cationic surface active agent 1.00 40.3 50.2synthesized in Example 7Cationic surface active agent 0.20 13.3 16.8synthesized in Example 8Cationic surface active agent 1.00 41.3 52.2synthesized in Example 8Cationic surface active agent 0.15 17.9 28.1synthesized in Example 9Cationic surface active agent 0.60 68.5 83.4synthesized in Example 9Cationic surface active agent 0.06 15.1 20.1synthesized in Example 10Cationic surface active agent 0.80 55.1 78.2synthesized in Example 10Cationic surface active agent 0.50 10.3 14.2synthesized in Example 11Cationic surface active agent 1.50 30.1 49.3synthesized in Example 11Cationic surface active agent 0.50 11.3 15.4synthesized in Example 12Cationic surface active agent 2.00 30.2 49.7synthesized in Example 12Cationic surface active agent 0.03 11.0 15.0synthesized in Example 13Cationic surface active agent 0.30 47.1 70.0synthesized in Example 13Cationic surface active agent 0.05 17.0 22.0synthesized in Example 14Cationic surface active agent 0.35 67.0 85.1synthesized in Example 14Cationic surface active agent 0.05 17.2 24.1synthesized in Example 15Cationic surface active agent 0.35 66.0 84.1synthesized in Example 15Cationic surface active agent 0.03 16.2 21.1synthesized in Example 16Cationic surface active agent 0.30 60.0 74.1synthesized in Example 16Cationic surface active agent 0.20 14.3 17.9synthesized in Example 17Cationic surface active agent 0.20 58.1 71.2synthesized in Example 17Cationic surface active agent 0.03 17.3 24.2synthesized in Example 18Cationic surface active agent 0.30 66.1 84.0synthesized in Example 18Cationic surface active agent 0.03 14.9 18.0synthesized in Example 19Cationic surface active agent 0.25 60.0 72.9synthesized in Example 19Cationic surface active agent 0.05 12.3 18.2synthesized in Example 20Cationic surface active agent 1.50 60.0 70.1synthesized in Example 20Cationic surface active agent 0.50 10.3 14.0synthesized in Example 21Cationic surface active agent 2.00 29.3 47.8synthesized in Example 21Cationic surface active agent 0.10 10.1 12.1synthesized in Example 22Cationic surface active agent 0.40 23.1 45.0synthesized in Example 22Cationic surface active agent 0.05 12.3 17.1synthesized in Example 23Cationic surface active agent 0.40 40.3 69.0synthesized in Example 23Cationic surface active agent 0.01 9.0 12.0synthesized in Example 24Cationic surface active agent 1.00 36.1 60.3synthesized in Example 24Cationic surface active agent 0.03 15.8 19.9synthesized in Example 25Cationic surface active agent 0.30 60.1 70.8synthesized in Example 25Cationic surface active agent 0.03 15.0 19.0synthesized in Example 26Cationic surface active agent 0.30 55.3 70.0synthesized in Example 26Cationic surface active agent 0.05 15.0 19.6synthesized in Example 27Cationic surface active agent 0.50 59.9 76.1synthesized in Example 27Dodecyltrimethylammonium.dbd.chloride 0.10 3.8 12.0Dodecyltrimethylammonium.dbd.chloride 1.00 20.0 38.21,11-di(methyl.dbd.di(2-hydroxyethyl)- 0.10 2.9 3.9ammonium)undecane.dbd.dichloride1,11-di(methyl.dbd.di(2-hydroxyethyl)- 1.00 9.2 12.0ammonium)undecane.dbd.dichloride__________________________________________________________________________
EXAMPLE 30
Shown here is the reaction-promoting effect of the cationic surface active agents of this invention as seen in the reaction for synthesizing 2-chlorobutadiene from 3,4-dichlorobutene-1 as in the case of Example 29. A barium hydroxide suspension was used as aqueous phase. The test method is as follows.
(1) Test conditions
Reaction molar ratio and proportions of the materials charged:
______________________________________(1) Organic phase: 3,4-dichlorobutene 62.5 g (0.5 mol) Xylene 62.5 g(2) Aqueous phase: Barium hydroxide 94.7 g (with 8 molecules) (0.3 mol) Water 405.3 g(3) Reaction test quantity of each accelerator: of the cationic surface active agents of this invention______________________________________
Reaction temperature: 50.degree. C. (constant)
Stirring rate: 1,500 r.p.m.
(2) Test apparatus
Same as used in Example 29.
(3) Calculation of 2-chlorobutadiene formation rate
Determined in the same way as Example 29.
The test results are shown in Table 3.
TABLE 3__________________________________________________________________________2-Chlorobutadiene formation rate in xylene solution-bariumhydroxide suspension system of 3,4-dichlorobutene-1 2-Chlorobuta- 2-Chlorobuta- Amount (g) diene formation diene formation added per 62.5 g rate after 30- rate after 60- 3,4-dichloro- minute treat- minute treat-Sample added butene-1 ment at 50.degree. C. ment at 50.degree. C.__________________________________________________________________________Blank test (no additive) -- 0.09% 1.9%Cationic surface active agent 0.05 11.0 18.0synthesized in Example 1Cationic surface active agent 0.40 56.3 78.0synthesized in Example 1Cationic surface active agent 0.05 12.1 18.1synthesized in Example 2Cationic surface active agent 0.50 58.2 72.3synthesized in Example 2Cationic surface active agent 0.05 13.2 20.0synthesized in Example 3Cationic surface active agent 0.40 61.8 79.8synthesized in Example 3Cationic surface active agent 0.10 9.9 15.6synthesized in Example 4Cationic surface active agent 0.80 50.0 70.0synthesized in Example 4Cationic surface active agent 0.05 11.0 17.7synthesized in Example 13Cationic surface active agent 0.40 54.9 77.7synthesized in Example 13Cationic surface active agent 0.05 13.0 19.9synthesized in Example 14Cationic surface active agent 0.50 60.9 78.0synthesized in Example 14Cationic surface active agent 0.05 11.0 17.9synthesized in Example 15Cationic surface active agent 0.50 56.0 77.2synthesized in Example 15Cationic surface active agent 0.05 10.3 16.9synthesized in Example 16Cationic surface active agent 0.80 57.1 77.0synthesized in Example 16Cationic surface active agent 0.03 10.0 15.0synthesized in Example 17Cationic surface active agent 0.30 51.1 72.2synthesized in Example 17Cationic surface active agent 0.04 11.2 16.0synthesized in Example 18Cationic surface active agent 0.50 52.0 73.3synthesized in Example 18Dodecyltrimethylammonium.dbd.chloride 0.10 2.9 4.6Dodecyltrimethylammonium.dbd.chloride 1.00 10.1 29.21,11-Di{methyl.dbd.di(2-hydroxyethyl).dbd. 0.10 1.1 2.3ammonium}undecane.dbd.dichloride1,11-Di{methyl.dbd.di(2-hydroxyethyl).dbd. 1.00 3.6 4.7ammonium}undecane.dbd.dichloride__________________________________________________________________________
EXAMPLE 31
The reaction-promoting effect of the cationic surface active agents of this invention is shown here by taking the reaction for synthesizing 2-chlorobutadiene from 3,4-dichlorobutene-1 as in the case of Example 29. 3,4-dichlorobutene-1 alone was used as organic phase. The test method is as follows:
(1) Test conditions
Reaction molar ratio and proportions of the materials charged:
______________________________________(1) Organic phase: 3,4-dichlorobutene-1 62.5 g (0.5 mol)(2) Aqueous phase: Sodium hydroxide 22 g (0.55 mol) Water 78 g(3) Reaction Test quantity of each accelerator: of the cationic surface active agents of this invention tested.______________________________________
Reaction temperature: 60.degree. C. (constant)
Stirring rate: 1,200 r.p.m.
(2) Test apparatus
Same as used in Example 29.
(3) Calculation of 2-chlorobutadiene formation rate
Determined in the same way as in Example 29.
(4) Determination of TOC in aqueous phase
Automatic TOC analyzer TOC-H-6 manufactured by Toray Industries Inc. was used.
The test results are shown in Table 4.
TABLE 4__________________________________________________________________________2-Chlorobutadiene formation rate in 3,4-dichlorobutene-1-sodiumhydroxide solution system 2-Chlorobuta- Amount (g) diene formation TOC in aqueous added per 62.5 g rate after 60- phase after of 3,4-dichloro- minute treat- 60-minute treat-Sample added butene-1 ment at 60.degree. C. ment at 60.degree. C.__________________________________________________________________________Blank test (no additive) -- 5.8% 100 ppmCationic surface active agent 0.30 98.5 200synthesized in Example 1Cationic surface active agent 0.35 96.2 143synthesized in Example 2Cationic surface active agent 0.25 97.8 113synthesized in Example 3Cationic surface active agent 0.30 94.2 109synthesized in Example 4Cationic surface active agent 0.35 94.3 140synthesized in Example 13Cationic surface active agent 0.50 94.0 110synthesized in Example 14Cationic surface active agent 0.40 90.2 211synthesized in Example 15Cationic surface active agent 0.50 91.1 254synthesized in Example 16Cationic surface active agent 0.40 90.0 232synthesized in Example 17Cationic surface active agent 0.50 91.2 152synthesized in Example 18Dodecyltrimethylammonium.dbd.chloride 0.40 68.2 10471,11-Di{methyl.dbd.di(2-hydroxyethyl).dbd. 0.40 31.1 1580ammonium}undecane.dbd.dichloride__________________________________________________________________________
EXAMPLE 32
Shown below is the yield-improving effect of the cationic surface active agents of this invention in an alkaline pulp production process. The test method and test results are as follows.
(1) Test method
700 g of broadleaf wood chips were charged into a 4-liter autoclave, to which was added a digesting solution was then further added with a test quantity of each of the cationic surface active agents synthesized in Examples 1-27 and was digested at 155.degree. C. for 75 minutes.
(2) Results
Shown in Table 5.
TABLE 5__________________________________________________________________________Effect of cationic surface active agents inalkaline pulp production process Amount added per 100 parts by weight DigestionSample added of bone-dry chips yield Value k*__________________________________________________________________________Blank test (no additive) -- 53.0% 78Cationic surface active agent 0.03 53.8 51synthesized in Example 1Cationic surface active agent 0.04 53.7 54synthesized in Example 2Cationic surface active agent 0.03 53.8 52synthesized in Example 3Cationic surface active agent 0.04 53.7 54synthesized in Example 4Cationic surface active agent 0.05 53.6 59synthesized in Example 5Cationic surface active agent 0.04 53.6 58synthesized in Example 6Cationic surface active agent 0.10 53.5 60synthesized in Example 7Cationic surface active agent 0.10 53.5 61synthesized in Example 8Cationic surface active agent 0.08 53.5 59synthesized in Example 9Cationic surface active agent 0.05 53.6 59synthesized in Example 10Cationic surface active agent 0.10 53.5 61synthesized in Example 11Cationic surface active agent 0.10 53.6 60synthesized in Example 12Cationic surface active agent 0.03 53.7 54synthesized in Example 13Cationic surface active agent 0.04 53.7 55synthesized in Example 14Cationic surface active agent 0.04 53.7 52synthesized in Example 15Cationic surface active agent 0.03 53.7 52synthesized in Example 16Cationic surface active agent 0.03 53.8 51synthesized in Example 17Cationic surface active agent 0.03 53.8 53synthesized in Example 18Cationic surface active agent 0.03 53.7 59synthesized in Example 19Cationic surface active agent 0.09 53.6 58synthesized in Example 20Cationic surface active agent 0.10 53.5 61synthesized in Example 21Cationic surface active agent 0.03 53.7 60synthesized in Example 22Cationic surface active agent 0.03 53.6 60synthesized in Example 23Cationic surface active agent 0.03 53.6 61synthesized in Example 24Cationic surface active agent 0.03 53.6 59synthesized in Example 25Cationic surface active agent 0.03 53.6 60synthesized in Example 26Cationic surface active agent 0.04 53.5 61synthesized in Example 27Dodecyltrimethylammonium.dbd.chloride 0.10 53.0 711,11-Di{methyl.dbd.di(2-hydroxyethyl).dbd. 0.10 53.0 73ammonium}undecane.dbd.dichloride__________________________________________________________________________ (Note) *The lower the k value, the greater is the amount of lignin extracted.
It is evident from the foregoing that the N- and/or N'-hydroxyphenethyl-substituted N,N'-long chain alkylene type cationic surface active agents according to this invention have far higher catalytic activity then the other types of cationic surface active agents, and also the results of TOC determination indicate less release of the agent into the alkaline solutions. Owing to these properties, the cationic surface active agents of this invention are minimized in wastage in the course of production processes, resulting in an elevated industrial utility and limited influence to environmental pollution. Also, if desired, the cationic surface active agents of this invention may be used in combination with other additives in their use processes.

Number	Name	Date
3055939	Cavallito et al.	Sep 1962
3079436	Hwa	Feb 1963
3349032	Krieg	Oct 1967
3518308	Daum et al.	Jun 1970
3769346	Boissier et al.	Oct 1973
3936503	Miller et al.	Feb 1976
3992432	Napier	Nov 1976
4166073	Baumann	Aug 1979

Cationic surface active agents

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Entry
Dockx, Synthesis, p. 441, (1973).
Makosza, Pure & Appl. Chem., vol. 43, p. 439 (1975).
Gokel et al., Synthesis, (1976), p. 168.
Jones, Aldrichimica Octa, vol. 9, #3, pp. 35-45 (1976).