Patent Application
20220021966
The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for providing and/or receiving audible sound. In particular, but not exclusively, the present invention relates to apparatus, such as a micro speaker for providing audible sound, suitable for use in an electronic device, for example a mobile or portable electronic device.
Portable consumer electronics devices, such as earphones, headphones, earbuds, tablets and mobile phones or other such mobile electronic devices have continued to become more and more compact. As system enclosures/casings become smaller and the space available for speaker integration is reduced, so the space available for a speaker back volume decreases, and along with it, low frequency acoustic performance. Such speakers are examples of apparatus for providing audible sound.
In order to combat this performance limitation many forms of adsorbent materials have been developed that use adsorption/desorption effects to increase the acoustic compliance of these increasingly tiny cavities, thereby improving low frequency response. These materials have typically consisted of zeolites and various forms of Activated Carbon (AC) and/or carbon nanohorns. These materials have key drawbacks associated with their use.
For example, Zeolite based materials tend to be naturally strongly hydrophilic, meaning that their acoustic performance diminishes significantly when they are exposed to moisture in the air. A number of strategies have been developed to overcome this, dividing principally into barrier methods and hydrophobic treatments of the adsorbent materials themselves. These techniques can be complex, require several post-processes and may have questionable durability.
Carbon-based materials have a separate problem in that they are electrically conductive, and so may cause short circuits if the material interferes with electronic circuitry. These types of materials may also mask or interfere with the radio frequency emissions of any device in which they are positioned. This problem is exacerbated by the fact that many micro speaker housings have the associated device's antenna printed directly onto their backs.
There thus exists a need for a non-conductive and naturally hydrophobic adsorbent material with high acoustic performance that can be deployed in a way that fully maximises the small back-volume form factor made available to the acoustic engineer.
Metal Organic Framework (MOF) materials have been developed separately primarily for filtration and gas storage applications. These materials are natural electrical insulators and have micropore geometries that can be tuned to suit the need of the application, featuring surface areas that vastly exceed those of conventional adsorbent materials such as activated carbons.
Traditionally these materials have been fragile, expensive and unstable, though some are now emerging that are viable at industrial scales, such as Aluminium Fumarate based MOFs. However, for adsorption/desorption to take place at frequencies up to 1000 Hz, as is needed in micro speaker applications, the grain size of the material must be very small. This causes three problems.
Firstly, a small grain size accentuates the materials potential for absorbing moisture, as occurs with most Zeolite and other highly microporous materials. Secondly, small grain size causes the material to pack into a very dense layer which can result in the material's flow resistivity becoming too high. This causes the micropores to become inaccessible to the acoustic field. In other words, as the material packs down into a densified bed it stops working, acoustically. Thirdly, use of small grain material gives rise to the increased possibility of the powder being lost to the system and finding its way into neighbouring components or the outside air. Furthermore, according to certain prior art techniques binding the material into a solid block will cause at least some of the micropores to be masked, with a resultant loss of performance.
It is an aim of the present invention to at least partly mitigate one or more of the above-mentioned problems.
It is an aim of certain embodiments of the present invention to provide apparatus for providing and/or receiving audible sound, for example a micro speaker, suitable for use with a mobile electronic device (the term “mobile electronic device” as used herein includes a mobile phone, a smart phone, a laptop, a tablet or personal assistant, an electronic device for displaying images such as a television, a monitor, an audio visual projector or the like, a speaker such as a portable speaker, a smart speaker or a Bluetooth speaker, a vehicular speaker, a wearable electronic device such as a watch, hearing aid, a wearable computer, an earphone, a wearable smart device, a wearable navigation aid and a headphone), which apparatus includes one or more speakers and/or microphones that have superior acoustic performance relative to conventional techniques.
It is an aim of certain embodiments of the present invention to provide a micro speaker or a micro speaker housing, that is to say a small-scale speaker, that includes one or more active regions that comprise adsorbent material which may be optionally supported by a support element.
It is an aim of certain embodiments of the present invention to provide a method of manufacturing a material that can be used in the manufacture of a speaker or microphone, and which results in a finished speaker or microphone having good performance in use.
It is an aim of certain embodiments of the present invention to provide a material that can be incorporated in a way to enhance acoustic performance.
According to a first aspect of the present invention there is provided apparatus for providing and/or receiving audible sound, comprising:
Aptly the microporous organic polymer (MOP) material is Poly-dichloroxylene (P-DCX).
Aptly the metal organic framework (MOF) material comprises a structure in which metal ions act as nodes or joints to which organic ligands (linkers or struts) are attached and which can extend to other ligand molecules. A suitable example is aluminium fumarate. The MOF is treated with a hydrophobic coating, or a membrane which may comprise the flexible membrane or the membrane material described below.
Aptly the adsorbent material further comprises one or more secondary adsorbent materials. Aptly, the adsorbent material comprises less than 50% by weight, of a secondary adsorbent material. Aptly the adsorbent material comprises less than 15% by weight of a secondary adsorbent material.
Aptly the secondary adsorbent material comprises one or more materials selected from activated charcoal and zeolite.
Aptly the adsorbent material is porous and has pores in the region of 1 nm to 10 nm in diameter.
Aptly the pores each have an average diameter of about around 2 nm.
Aptly the adsorbent material is microporous.
Aptly the adsorbent material is mesoporous.
Aptly the adsorbent material will be of mixed porosity.
Aptly the adsorbent material is a gas-adsorbing material.
Aptly the adsorbent material is in the form of separate particles, for example as granules or powder.
Aptly at least 80% by weight, preferably at least 95% by weight, of the adsorbent material particles have a maximum diameter of 120 microns, preferably a maximum diameter of 100 microns, further preferably a maximum diameter of 85 microns. Particularly favourable results are obtained when the adsorbent material passes through a 1/10 to 1/12 mm mesh.
Aptly the adsorbent material provides a surface area of at least 500 m2/g.
Aptly the adsorbent material has a cage-like structure.
Aptly the adsorbent material is a material is non-crystalline.
Aptly, the adsorbent material does not have an ordered structure, and optionally it comprises an amorphous microstructure.
Aptly the adsorbent material is not electrically conductive.
Aptly the adsorbent material is an insulating material.
Aptly the adsorbent material is naturally hydrophobic.
Aptly the adsorbent material is used in loose (including semi-loose) particulate form.
Aptly the adsorbent material is treated to allow a stabilised crust or skin to form.
Aptly the adsorbent material is treated by saturating with a solvent which slightly solubilises the top surface of the adsorbent material. Methanol has been found to work well, however, other relatively low boiling point solvents are also useful.
Aptly the adsorbent material is retained in position within the apparatus of the present invention by a support element.
Aptly the adsorbent material is held within the active region by the support element.
Aptly the adsorbent material is supported by the support element.
Aptly the adsorbent material is coated on an outer surface of the support element.
Aptly the adsorbent material is embedded throughout a supporting material that provides the support element.
Aptly the adsorbent material is impregnated in the supporting material that provides the support element.
Aptly the support element comprises a woven structure provided by interwoven threads of the support material.
Aptly the support element comprises a knitted structure provided by interlocking looped threads of the support material.
Aptly the support element comprises a non-woven felt.
Aptly the felt is provided by randomly orientated or pseudo randomly orientated strands of the support material.
Aptly the adsorbent material is impregnated in the support element with a fill factor of at least 60%.
Aptly the fill factor is at least 80%.
Aptly the support element comprises woven, knitted or non-woven threads or strands which are generally disposed in a spaced apart relationship and which define a plurality of spaces.
The adsorbent material is carried on the threads or strands and/or is contained within these spaces.
Aptly the support element (preferably in the case where the support element is a non-woven material, for example felt) is sealed with one or more sheets of a sealing material. Aptly the support element (preferably felt) is sealed between a first and a further sheet of a sealing material.
Aptly the support element is sealed via a thermal process.
Aptly the sealing material is a flexible membrane.
Aptly the flexible membrane is moisture impermeable.
Aptly the flexible membrane has a thickness of less than 0.5 mm.
Aptly the flexible material is a fine poro-elastic gauze material.
Aptly the flexible membrane comprises silk.
Aptly the support element comprises a porous container suitable for containing the adsorbent material.
Aptly the porous container is constructed from a membrane material.
Aptly the membrane material is moisture impermeable.
Aptly the membrane material has a thickness of less than 0.5 mm.
Aptly the membrane material is a fine poro-elastic gauze material.
Aptly the membrane material comprises silk.
Aptly the active region comprises a region of the housing of the apparatus of the present invention.
Aptly the active region comprises at least one wall member of the housing.
Aptly the active region comprises walls of the housing that are provided as the active region.
Aptly the active region comprises a panel or panels or body or bodies contained within the cavity region.
Aptly the active region comprises a flexible bag including adsorbent material in the cavity region or the active region comprises at least one wall member of the housing and a panel or panels in the cavity region or the active region comprises at least one wall member of the housing and at least one flexible bag including adsorbent material in the cavity region.
Aptly the flexible bag is constructed from a membrane material.
Aptly the membrane material is moisture impermeable.
Aptly the membrane material has a thickness of less than 0.5 mm.
Aptly the membrane material comprises silk material.
Aptly there is provided a speaker or microphone that comprises the apparatus according to the first aspect of the present invention.
Aptly the active region is in fluid communication with at least a rear surface of the vibratable element and/or optionally is in fluid communication with the cavity region.
According to a second aspect of the present invention there is provided a mobile electronic device as described above, comprising:
Aptly the at least one speaker unit comprises a main external speaker unit of the mobile electronic device and/or an ear speaker unit of the mobile electronic device.
Aptly the mobile electronic device comprises a mobile phone.
Aptly the mobile phone comprises a smart phone.
Aptly the mobile electronic device comprises an earphone or tablet or laptop or digital assistant or watch or smart wearable or navigation aid or headphone or TV or monitor or portable speaker or smart speaker or Bluetooth speaker or vehicular speaker.
Aptly the mobile electronic device is wearable.
Aptly the mobile electronic device further comprises a speaker driver in each speaker unit; and a controller for providing drive signals to the speaker driver.
Aptly each speaker driver comprises a voice coil or at least one MEMS device and at least one diaphragm element.
Aptly the mobile electronic device comprises a display.
Aptly the display is a touchscreen.
According to a third aspect of the present invention there is provided a volume-enhancing material for use in a micro speaker or loudspeaker configuration, wherein the adsorbent material comprises a Metal Organic Framework (MOF) material treated with a hydrophobic coating or membrane, and/or an amorphous microporous organic polymer (MOP), featuring component materials with innate hydrophobicity, such as Poly-dichloroxylene (P-DCX).
According to a fourth aspect of the present invention there is provided a speaker system, comprising:
According to a fifth aspect of the present invention there is provided a speaker system, comprising:
According to a sixth aspect of the present invention there is provided a microphone system, comprising:
Aptly the transducer element converts air pressure variations associated with sound waves to an electrical signal.
Aptly the microphone system is a dynamic microphone or a condenser microphone or a piezoelectric microphone.
Aptly there is provided a mobile electronic device that comprises the microphone system according to the sixth aspect of the present invention.
Aptly the mobile electronic device is a mobile phone or hearing aid.
Certain embodiments of the present invention provide apparatus for providing and/or receiving audible sound in which an active region that comprises an adsorbent material as described above and which enhances acoustic performance relative to conventional techniques.
Certain embodiments of the present invention utilise a microporous organic polymer (MOP) material and/or a metal organic framework (MOF) material supported on or in a support element that can be a felt or a woven, knitted or a non-woven material body.
Certain embodiments of the present invention provide a method of manufacturing a microphone and/or a speaker such as a micro speaker or loudspeaker.
Certain embodiments of the present invention provide metal organic framework-based material and/or microporous organic polymer-based material which achieves performance benefits for a loudspeaker or microphone relative to conventional techniques in a cost effective, highly stable and hydrophobic form. This can be achieved by using particulate metal organic framework material and/or particulate microporous organic polymer material, either as loose material, or in a coating or an impregnate for a support element.
Certain embodiments of the present invention provide microporous organic polymer-based materials which are synthesised from component parts which are innately hydrophobic, which results in a material with a high degree of natural hydrophobicity.
Certain embodiments of the present invention provide a speaker and/or microphone and/or cabinet for a speaker and/or microphone in which materials are presented to a sound field in an uncompacted and binderless aerated suspension. This can be achieved by impregnating a fine non-woven felt structure using ultrasonic or electrostatic entrainment methods. Such ultrasonic/electrostatic methods may achieve fill factors of 80%.
Certain embodiments of the present invention will now be described hereinafter, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
In the drawings like reference numerals refer to like parts.
Certain embodiments of the present invention relate to a mobile electronic device and to apparatus in a mobile electronic device for generating audible sound. As mentioned above, a mobile electronic device can be a mobile phone such as a smartphone or laptop or earphone or earbud or headphones or navigation device or TV or monitor or smart speaker or Bluetooth speaker or vehicular speaker, or can be a wearable electronic device such as a smartwatch or smart clothing. The apparatus for providing audible sound can be a speaker or the like. The speaker can be small in which situation the speaker may be referred to as a mini speaker or micro speaker. An example of a micro speaker is an ear speaker or main external speaker of a smartphone.
A typical smartphone (for example a Samsung Galaxy S8 smartphone) includes a rear casing that has a grill for an ear speaker. In operation, the ear speaker generates sound pressure waves which provide sound audible to a human ear when it exits from an internal region within the housing where an ear speaker is located via multiple through apertures in the grill to the listener. In addition to the ear speaker, a smart phone may also include one or more further speaker units and generally one of these further speaker units is designated a main external speaker designed to provide audible sound through an exit aperture in a side panel of the smartphone. The side panel can be part of the overall smart phone casing, which forms a housing for the smartphone and supports a touchscreen.
In a similar but alternative embodiment of
The cabinet forming the horn cavity is formed from a conventional plastic wall. An acoustic enclosure around the back volume is formed from a high-density impermeable shell component 1110. The impermeable shell is bonded to the plastic walls of the horn component using glue (or binder or other such element) with a suitable overlapping tab to ensure that the back-volume enclosure is acoustically sealed.
Certain embodiments of the present invention relate to a smartphone micro speaker.
It has been determined that there is an acoustic benefit of providing an active region on the low frequency response (sub 900 Hz) behaviour of a mobile phone without causing electromagnetic masking of the behaviour of the phone antenna. Around a 3 dB improvement may be achieved. In one embodiment, the active region can be incorporated into the back volume of a micro speaker enclosure, either in loose/semi-loose form or in conjunction with a support element.
According to certain embodiments of the present invention an average gain of 3.49 dB is achieved with a silk-mesh-supported insertion of loose/semi-loose powder into an empty micro speaker.
Electric impedance and near-field frequency response of a micro speaker can be measured within a Bruel and Kjaer soundproof BOX, mounted within a structure that allows position fixing and a microphone distance of 10 mm from the speaker outcome. Audiomatica SRL—CLIO equipment and software, release 1.4, pocket version was used to perform the measurements.
The equipment consists of a CP-01 audio interface box and a condenser electret microphone (with accuracy of 1 dB from 20 Hz to 10 kHz). The audio interface with analog RCA connections and sampling frequencies of 96 and 48 kHz, containing:
The performance enhancement of a micro speaker was measured after filling approximately 85-90% of its cavity with adsorbent material in the form of loose/semi-loose MOP powder sealed with a silk fabric. Other fill factors can of course be utilised. Empty and partially filled micro speakers were measured by these means, obtaining the electric impedance and frequency response. The improvement in performance was calculated afterwards as the difference between the frequency response of the partially filled and the empty micro speaker. In order to take account for the errors associated with the position of the microphone and speaker, several measurements were taken, and a correlation was established through standard deviation. As a non-limiting example, the MOP material may be polymerised dichloroxylene (P-DCX).
Test Results
A total of 28 micro speakers have been tested with an active region.
After the selection of an adequate glue and filling procedure (appropriate sealing mesh), 11 micro speakers were successfully enhanced but at different rates.
Table 1 presents the filling characteristics of the micro speakers that presented best frequency response enhancement and a summary of their performance. The selection included two micro speakers partially filled with loose microporous organic polymer (MOP) material, as it was perceived that an extra step was needed in order to retain the powder within the speaker when it was functioning inside the phone. For this purpose, a micro speaker was filled with wet MOP that produced a hardened surface, stopping it from leaking outside the speaker during operation, causing a slight performance penalty.
The highest performance was obtained by speaker B, with a mean gain of approximately 3.5 dB and a shift in the resonant frequency of about 140 Hz, establishing that the cavity is behaving as if it was ˜18% larger. Speaker D, with a hardened MOP skin achieved a main gain of about 3 dB with slightly less resonant frequency shifting, increasing the volume by ˜12%.
Notably, a mean differential frequency response below 900 Hz of about 3 dB has been achieved for a micro speaker by introducing MOP as a dry powder within a silk mesh, filling about 85-90% of the micro speaker cavity.
This encapsulation method was found to present a limited risk of material leaking from the speaker, so an additional method has been tested and found to achieve close to 3 dB gains:
While loose MOP powder achieves the best performance, the pre-treated loose MOP loudspeaker achieves the highest improvement in the very low frequency end.
It has been found that reducing the grain size of materials has a significant effect on their performance within the target range, with PoIMOF materials (P-DCX) that had previously shown poor performance being transformed into lead candidates (see
For materials in a representative speaker box, of about 58 mL volume, it has been found that a 60%-80% filling of MOF and/or MOP materials may introduce a benefit of ˜1.5 dB at the low frequency spectrum, while reducing the performance around the resonant frequency of the speaker and above. Although the low frequency response of micro speakers with a MOP material (e.g. P-DCX) which may be referred to as ‘PoIMOF’ and/or a MOF material (e.g. an Aluminium Fumerate based MOF) which may be referred to as ‘NewMOF’ herein treated with a hydrophobic coating or a membrane, is slightly down on the results obtained for activated carbon powder, MOP/MOF materials nevertheless provide significant further benefits such as introducing less damping and therefore better performance is achieved by their inclusion. Performance is illustrated in
The following presents results obtained for 12 MOP-partially filled micro speakers, in loose powder form attached by a silk mesh.
Table 2 below presents filling characteristics and main measured obtained parameters for each partially filled micro speaker.
Complete Improved Micro Speaker List
The procedure for filling the micro speakers involved un-gluing the junctions of the speakers with heat and a scalpel. Once the device was open and divided into two parts, the material filling was introduced.
Metal-organic framework (MOF) materials are hybrid materials that take advantage of the properties of both organic and inorganic porous materials, and they form stable, ordered and high surface areas structures.
Metal organic framework (MOF) materials are known as porous coordination networks, porous coordination polymers (PCPs) etc.
Certain metal organic framework (MOF) materials possess one or more of the following characteristics:
Typically, MOFs are synthesised by combining organic ligands and metal salts in solvothermal reactions at relatively low temperatures (below 300 degrees Celsius).
Characteristics/structure of the resulting MOF is influenced by:
Reactants mixed in high boiling polar solvents e.g. water, dialkyl formamides, dimethyl sulfoxide or acetonitrile or the like.
Concentrations of both metal salt and organic ligand which can be varied across a large range, extent of solubility of reactants, pH of the solution.
There are also several other methods for treatment e.g. electrochemical, microwave irradiation et al.
Secondary building units (SBUs) dictate the final topology of the framework. Organic linkers seldom change structure during assembly. The SBUs are often metal clusters based and result from the initial bonding between the metal ions and bridging ligands. Can form several shapes e.g. trigonal planar, square planar tetrahedral. Shape of SBU depends on structure of ligand, type of metal, ratio of metal to ligand, solvent, and source of anions to balance metal ion charge.
Pores are the void spaces formed within MOFs upon the removal of guest molecules.
In general, large pores are advantageous for conducting host-guest chemistry such as catalysis therefore mesoporous (openings between 20 and 500 Å) or macroporous (greater than 500 Å) materials are attractive.
Microporous (less than 20 Å) materials have smaller pores which result in strong interactions between gas molecules and the pore walls making them good for gas storage or gas separation applications.
Measurements of openings is performed from atom to atom while subtracting the van der Waals radii to give the space available for access by guest molecules.
Pores are usually occupied by solvent molecules that must be removed for most applications. Structural collapse can occur, the larger the pore the more likely this is. Permanent porosity results when framework remains intact.
Frameworks can interpenetrate one another to maximize packing efficiency.
MOFs may participate in post-synthetic modification (PSM) where further chemical reactions can be used to decorate the frameworks. This may be applied to modify the surface property and pore geometry.
A range of MOF and amorphous microporous organic polymer (MOP) materials can be utilised to provide an active region according to certain embodiments of the present invention. They can achieve performance benefits of traditional loudspeaker-enhancing materials, but in a cost-effective, highly stable and hydrophobic form by virtue of the support material they may be impregnated within. In the case of MOP materials, the microporous impregnate material itself is highly hydrophobic which has benefits.
The MOP materials can be synthesized from component parts with innate hydrophobicity, resulting in a high degree of natural hydrophobicity if the resultant material. The material is preferably presented to the sound field in an uncompacted and binderless aerated suspension.
This can be achieved by impregnating the microporous organic polymer (MOP) material into a fine non-woven felt structure using ultrasonic or electrostatic entrainment. Preferably a fill factor of 80% is achieved.
The felt can then be thermally sealed to keep the powder in using a thin and flexible impermeable membrane, which further adds to the materials immunity to the effects of moisture. This encapsulated felt with high adsorbent material content can be held close to the loudspeaker element within the housing.
The solid black line (A) represents the acoustic frequency response of an empty micro speaker, with no filling material.
The dashed line (B) shows the frequency response of the micro speaker when the side chambers are around 80% occupied by loose, dry MOP powder covered by a silk membrane. The improvement over the empty case is around 3.5 dB under 900 Hz.
The chain dashed line (C) shows the response curve of the micro speaker for the same volume of MOP powder, this time fixed through saturation by Methanol which is evaporated prior to being covered by the silk membrane. The improvement over the empty case is 2.87 dB below 900 Hz, but the shape of the curve is different, with more improvement now seen at very low frequencies (under 200 Hz), and with the resonant peak at 800-1000 Hz damped down by around 4 dB. The combination of these effects results in a broader, more refined (if slightly quieter) sound quality.
This range of outcomes represents an opportunity to tune the beneficial response according to the desire of the customer.
Throughout the description and claims of this specification, the words “comprise” and “contain” and variations of them mean “including but not limited to” and they are not intended to (and do not) exclude other moieties, additives, components, integers or steps. Throughout the description and claims of this specification, the singular encompasses the plural unless the context otherwise requires. In particular, where the indefinite article is used, the specification is to be understood as contemplating plurality as well as singularity, unless the context requires otherwise.
Features, integers, characteristics or groups described in conjunction with a particular aspect, embodiment or example of the invention are to be understood to be applicable to any other aspect, embodiment or example described herein unless incompatible therewith. All of the features disclosed in this specification (including any accompanying claims, abstract and drawings), and/or all of the steps of any method or process so disclosed, may be combined in any combination, except combinations where at least some of the features and/or steps are mutually exclusive. The invention is not restricted to any details of any foregoing embodiments. The invention extends to any novel one, or novel combination, of the features disclosed in this specification (including any accompanying claims, abstract and drawings), or to any novel one, or any novel combination, of the steps of any method or process so disclosed.
The reader's attention is directed to all papers and documents which are filed concurrently with or previous to this specification in connection with this application and which are open to public inspection with this specification, and the contents of all such papers and documents are incorporated herein by reference.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1819321.9 | Nov 2018 | GB | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/GB2019/053357 | 11/27/2019 | WO | 00 |
