Patent Grant
7598260
This invention relates to pyrimidine derivatives, their production as well as their use as medications for treating various diseases.
The CDKs (cyclin-dependent kinase) is an enzyme family that plays an important role in the regulation of the cell cycle and thus is an especially advantageous target for the development of small inhibitory molecules. Selective inhibitors of the CDKs can be used for treating cancer or other diseases that cause disruptions of cell proliferation.
Pyrimidines and analogs are already described as active ingredients, such as, for example, the 2-anilino-pyrimidines as fungicides (DE 4029650) or substituted pyrimidine derivatives for treating neurological or neurodegenerative diseases (WO 99/19305). As CDK-inhibitors, the most varied pyrimidine derivatives are described, for example bis(anilino)-pyrimidine derivatives (WO 00/12486), 2-amino-4-substituted pyrimidines (WO 01/14375), purines (WO 99/02162), 5-cyano-pyrimidines (WO 02/04429), anilinopyrimidines (WO 00/12486) and 2-hydroxy-3-N,N-dimethylaminopropoxy-pyrimidines (WO 00/39101).
The object of this invention is to provide compounds that have better properties than the inhibitors that are already known. The substances that are described here are more effective, since they already inhibit in the nanomolar range and can be distinguished from other already known CDK-inhibitors such as, e.g., olomoucine and roscovitine.
It has now been found that compounds of general formula I
in which
Alkyl is defined in each case as a straight-chain or branched alkyl radical, such as, for example, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, pentyl, isopentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl and decyl.
Alkoxy is defined in each case as a straight-chain or branched alkoxy radical, such as, for example, methyloxy, ethyloxy, propyloxy, isopropyloxy, butyloxy, isobutyloxy, sec-butyloxy, tert-butyloxy, pentyloxy, isopentyloxy, or hexyloxy.
Alkylthio is defined in each case as a straight-chain or branched alkylthio radical, such as, for example, methylthio, ethylthio, propylthio, isopropylthio, butylthio, isobutylthio, sec-butylthio, tert-butylthio, pentylthio, isopentylthio or hexylthio.
Cycloalkyl is defined in general as monocyclic alkyl rings, such as cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl, cyclononyl or cyclodecyl, but also bicyclic rings or tricyclic rings such as, for example, norbornyl, adamantanyl, etc.
The ring systems, in which optionally one or more possible double bonds can be contained in the ring, are defined as, for example, cycloalkenyls, such as cyclopropenyl, cyclobutenyl, cyclopentenyl, cyclohexenyl, or cycloheptenyl, whereby the linkage can be carried out both to the double bond and to the single bonds.
If A and B, R3 and R4, X and R2, in each case independently of one another, together form a C3-C10-cycloalkyl ring, which optionally can be interrupted by one or more heteroatoms, such as nitrogen atoms, oxygen atoms and/or sulfur atoms, and/or can be interrupted by one or more ═C═O groups in the ring and/or optionally one or more possible double bonds can be contained in the ring, however, the above-mentioned definitions are also intended to include heteroaryl radical or heterocycloalkyl and heterocycloalkenyl.
Halogen is defined in each case as fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine.
The alkenyl substituents in each case are straight-chain or branched, whereby, for example, the following radicals are meant: vinyl, propen-1-yl, propen-2-yl, but-1-en-1-yl, but-1-en-2-yl, but-2-en-1-yl, but-2-en-2-yl, 2-methyl-prop-2-en-1-yl, 2-methyl-prop-1-en-1-yl, but-1-en-3-yl, ethinyl, prop-1-in-1-yl, but-1-in-1-yl, but-2-in-1-yl, but-3-en-1-yl, and allyl.
Alkinyl is defined in each case as a straight-chain or branched alkinyl radical that contains 2-6, preferably 2-4 C atoms. For example, the following radicals can be mentioned: acetylene, propin-1-yl, propin-3-yl, but-1-in-1-yl, but-1-in-4-yl, but-2-in-1-yl, but-1-in-3-yl, etc.
The aryl radical in each case comprises 3-12 carbon atoms and in each case can be benzocondensed.
For example, there can be mentioned: cyclopropenyl, cyclopentadienyl, phenyl, tropyl, cyclooctadienyl, indenyl, naphthyl, azulenyl, biphenyl, fluorenyl, anthracenyl, etc.
The heteroaryl radical in each case comprises 3-16 ring atoms, and instead of the carbon can contain one or more heteroatoms that are the same or different, such as oxygen, nitrogen or sulfur, in the ring, and can be monocyclic, bicyclic, or tricyclic and in addition in each case can be benzocondensed.
For example, there can be mentioned:
Thienyl, furanyl, pyrrolyl, oxazolyl, thiazolyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, isoxazolyl, isothiazolyl, oxadiazolyl, triazolyl, thiadiazolyl, etc. and benzo derivatives thereof, such as, e.g., benzofuranyl, benzothienyl, benzoxazolyl, benzimidazolyl, indazolyl, indolyl, isoindolyl, etc.; or pyridyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, triazinyl, etc. and benzo derivatives thereof, such as, e.g., quinolyl, isoquinolyl, etc., or azocinyl, indolizinyl, purinyl, etc. and benzo derivatives thereof; or quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, cinnolinyl, phthalazinyl, quinazolinyl, quinoxalinyl, naphthyridinyl, pteridinyl, carbazolyl, acridinyl, phenazinyl, phenothiazinyl, phenoxazinyl, xanthenyl, oxepinyl, etc.
Heterocycloalkyl stands for an alkyl ring that comprises 3-12 carbon atoms, which instead of the carbon contains one or more heteroatoms that are the same or different, such as, e.g., oxygen, sulfur or nitrogen.
As heterocycloalkyls, there can be mentioned, e.g.: oxiranyl, oxethanyl, aziridinyl, azetidinyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, pyrrolidinyl, dioxolanyl, imidazolidinyl, pyrazolidinyl, dioxanyl, piperidinyl, morpholinyl, dithianyl, thiomorpholinyl, piperazinyl, trithianyl, quinuclidinyl, etc.
Heterocycloalkenyl stands for an alkyl ring that comprises 3-12 carbon atoms, which instead of the carbon contains one or more heteroatoms that are the same or different such as, e.g., oxygen, sulfur or nitrogen, and which is partially saturated.
As heterocycloalkenyls, there can be mentioned, e.g.: pyran, thiin, dihydroacet, etc.
If an acid group is included, the physiologically compatible salts of organic and inorganic bases are suitable as salts, such as, for example, the readily soluble alkali and alkaline-earth salts, as well as N-methyl-glucamine, dimethyl-glucamine, ethyl-glucamine, lysine, 1,6-hexadiamine, ethanolamine, glucosamine, sarcosine, serinol, tris-hydroxy-methyl-amino-methane, aminopropane diol, Sovak base, and 1-amino-2,3,4-butanetriol.
If a basic group is included, the physiologically compatible salts of organic and inorganic acids are suitable, such as hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, citric acid, tartaric acid, i.a.
Those compounds of general formula (I) in which
Those compounds of general formula I in which
The compounds according to the invention essentially inhibit cyclin-dependent kinases, upon which is based their action, for example, against cancer, such as solid tumors and leukemia; auto-immune diseases such as psoriasis, alopecia, and multiple sclerosis, chemotherapy-induced alopecia and mucositis; cardiovascular diseases such as stenoses, arterioscleroses and restenoses; infectious diseases, such as, e.g., by unicellular parasites, such as trypanosoma, toxoplasma or plasmodium, or produced by fungi; nephrological diseases, such as, e.g., glomerulonephritis, chronic neurodegenerative diseases, such as Huntington's disease, amyotropic lateral sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, AIDS dementia and Alzheimer's disease; acute neurodegenerative diseases, such as ischemias of the brain and neurotraumas; viral infections, such as, e.g., cytomegalic infections, herpes, Hepatitis B and C, and HIV diseases.
The eukaryotic cell division ensures the duplication of the genome and its distribution to the daughter cells by passing through a coordinated and regulated sequence of events. The cell cycle is divided into four successive phases: the G1 phase represents the time before the DNA replication, in which the cell grows and is sensitive to external stimuli. In the S phase, the cell replicates its DNA, and in the G2 phase, preparations are made for entry into mitosis. In mitosis (M phase), the replicated DNA separates, and cell division is completed.
The cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), a family of serine/threonine kinases, whose members require the binding of a cyclin (Cyc) as a regulatory subunit in order for them to activate, drive the cell through the cell cycle. Different CDK/Cyc pairs are active in the various phases of the cell cycle. CDK/Cyc pairs that are important to the basic function of the cell cycle are, for example, CDK4(6)/CycD, CDK2/CycE, CDK2/CycA, CDK1/CycA and CDK1/CycB. Some members of the CDK enzyme family have a regulatory function by influencing the activity of the above-mentioned cell cycle CDKs, while no specific function could be associated with other members of the CDK enzyme family. One of the latter, CDK5, is distinguished in that it has an atypical regulatory subunit (p35) that deviates from the cyclins, and its activity is highest in the brain.
The entry into the cell cycle and the passage through the “restriction points,” which marks the independence of a cell from further growth signals for the completion of the cell division that has begun, are controlled by the activity of the CDK4(6)/CycD and CDK2/CycE complexes. The essential substrate of these CDK complexes is the retinoblastoma protein (Rb), the product of the retinoblastoma tumor suppressor gene. Rb is a transcriptional co-repressor protein. In addition to other, still largely little understood mechanisms, Rb binds and inactivates transcription factors of the E2F type and forms transcriptional repressor complexes with histone-deacetylases (HDAC) (Zhang, H. S. et al. (2000). Exit from G1 and S Phase of the Cell Cycle is Regulated by Repressor Complexes Containing HDAC-Rb-hSWI/SNF and Rb-hSWI/SNF. Cell 101, 79-89). By the phosphorylation of Rb by CDKs, bonded E2F transcription factors are released and result in transcriptional activation of genes, whose products are required for the DNA synthesis and the progression through the S-phase. In addition, the Rb-phosphorylation brings about the breakdown of the Rb-HDAC complexes, by which additional genes are activated. The phosphorylation of Rb by CDK's is to be treated as equivalent to exceeding the “restriction points.” For the progression through the S-phase and its completion, the activity of the CDK2/CycE and CDK2/CycA complexes is necessary, e.g., the activity of the transcription factors of the E2F type is turned off by means of phosphorylation by CDK2/CycA as soon as the cells are entered into the S-phase. After replication of DNA is complete, the CDK1 in the complex with CycA or CycB controls the entry into and the passage through phases G2 and M (
According to the extraordinary importance of the cell-division cycle, the passage through the cycle is strictly regulated and controlled. The enzymes that are necessary for the progression through the cycle must be activated at the correct time and are also turned off again as soon as the corresponding phase is passed. Corresponding control points (“checkpoints”) stop the progression through the cell cycle if DNA damage is detected, or the DNA replication or the creation of the spindle device is not yet completed.
The activity of the CDKs is controlled directly by various mechanisms, such as synthesis and degradation of cyclins, complexing of the CDKs with the corresponding cyclins, phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of regulatory threonine and tyrosine radicals, and the binding of natural inhibitory proteins. While the amount of protein of the CDKs in a proliferating cell is relatively constant, the amount of the individual cyclins oscillates with the passage through the cycle. Thus, for example, the expression of CycD during the early G1 phase is stimulated by growth factors, and the expression of CycE is induced after the “restriction points” are exceeded by the activation of the transcription factors of the E2F type. The cyclins themselves are degraded by the ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis. Activating and inactivating phosphorylations regulate the activities of the CDKs, for example phosphorylate CDK-activating kinases (CAKs) Thr160/161 of the CDK1, while, by contrast, the families of Wee1/Myt1 inactivate kinases CDK1 by phosphorylation of Thr14 and Tyr15. These inactivating phosphorylations can be destroyed in turn by cdc25 phosphatases. The regulation of the activity of the CDK/Cyc complexes by two families of natural CDK inhibitor proteins (CKIs), the protein products of the p21 gene family (p21, p27, p57) and the p16 gene family (p15, p16, p18, p19) is very significant. Members of the p21 family bind to cyclin complexes of CDKs 1, 2, 4, 6, but inhibit only the complexes that contain CDK1 or CDK2. Members of the p16 family are specific inhibitors of the CDK4- and CDK6 complexes.
The plane of control point regulation lies above this complex direct regulation of the activity of the CDKs. Control points allow the cell to track the orderly sequence of the individual phases during the cell cycle. The most important control points lie at the transition from G1 to S and from G2 to M. The G1 control point ensures that the cell does not initiate any DNA synthesis unless it has proper nutrition, interacts correctly with other cells or the substrate, and its DNA is intact. The G2/M control point ensures the complete replication of DNA and the creation of the mitotic spindle before the cell enters into mitosis. The G1 control point is activated by the gene product of the p53 tumor suppressor gene. p53 is activated after detection of changes in metabolism or the genomic integrity of the cell and can trigger either a stopping of the cell cycle progression or apoptosis. In this case, the transcriptional activation of the expression of the CDK inhibitor protein p21 by p53 plays a decisive role. A second branch of the G1 control point comprises the activation of the ATM and Chk1 kinases after DNA damage by UV light or ionizing radiation and finally the phosphorylation and the subsequent proteolytic degradation of the cdc25A phosphatase (Mailand, N. et al. (2000). Rapid Destruction of Human cdc25A in Response to DNA Damage. Science 288, 1425-1429). A shutdown of the cell cycle results from this, since the inhibitory phosphorylation of the CDKs is not removed. After the G2/M control point is activated by damage of the DNA, both mechanisms are involved in a similar way in stopping the progression through the cell cycle.
The loss of the regulation of the cell cycle and the loss of function of the control points are characteristics of tumor cells. The CDK-Rb signal path is affected by mutations in over 90% of human tumor cells. These mutations, which finally result in inactivating phosphorylation of the RB, include the over-expression of D- and E-cyclins by gene amplification or chromosomal translocations, inactivating mutations or deletions of CDK inhibitors of the p16 type, as well as increased (p27) or reduced (CycD) protein degradation. The second group of genes, which are affected by mutations in tumor cells, codes for components of the control points. Thus p53, which is essential for the G1 and G2/M control points, is the most frequently mutated gene in human tumors (about 50%). In tumor cells that express p53 without mutation, it is often inactivated because of a greatly increased protein degradation. In a similar way, the genes of other proteins that are necessary for the function of the control points are affected by mutations, for example ATM (inactivating mutations) or cdc25 phosphatases (over-expression).
Convincing experimental data indicate that CDK2/Cyc complexes occupy a decisive position during the cell cycle progression: (1) Both dominant-negative forms of CDK2, such as the transcriptional repression of the CDK2 expression by anti-sense oligonucleotides, produce a stopping of the cell cycle progression. (2) The inactivation of the CycA gene in mice is lethal. (3) The disruption of the function of the CDK2/CycA complex in cells by means of cell-permeable peptides resulted in tumor cell-selective apoptosis (Chen, Y. N. P. et al. (1999). Selective Killing of Transformed Cells by Cyclin/Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 2 Antagonists. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 96, 4325-4329).
Changes of the cell cycle control play a role not only in carcinoses. The cell cycle is activated by a number of viruses, both by transforming viruses as well as by non-transforming viruses, to make possible the replication of viruses in the host cell. The false entry into the cell cycle of normally post-mitotic cells is associated with various neurodegenerative diseases. The mechanisms of the cell cycle regulation, their changes in diseases and a number of approaches to develop inhibitors of the cell cycle progression and especially the CDKs were already described in a detailed summary in several publications (Sielecki, T. M. et al. (2000). Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitors: Useful Targets in Cell Cycle Regulation. J. Med. Chem. 43, 1-18; Fry, D. W. & Garrett, M. D. (2000). Inhibitors of Cyclin-Dependent Kinases as Therapeutic Agents for the Treatment of Cancer. Curr. Opin. Oncol. Endo. Metab. Invest. Drugs 2, 40-59; Rosiania, G. R. & Chang, Y. T. (2000). Targeting Hyperproliferative Disorders with Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitors. Exp. Opin. Ther. Patents 10, 215-230; Meijer L. et al. (1999). Properties and Potential Applications of Chemical Inhibitors of Cyclin-Dependent Kinases. Pharmacol. Ther. 82, 279-284; Senderowicz, A. M. & Sausville, E. A. (2000). Preclinical and Clinical Development of Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Modulators. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 92, 376-387).
To use the compounds according to the invention as pharmaceutical agents, the latter are brought into the form of a pharmaceutical preparation, which in addition to the active ingredient for enteral or parenteral administration contains suitable pharmaceutical, organic or inorganic inert carrier materials, such as, for example, water, gelatin, gum arabic, lactose, starch, magnesium stearate, talc, vegetable oils, polyalkylene glycols, etc. The pharmaceutical preparations can be present in solid form, for example as tablets, coated tablets, suppositories, or capsules, or in liquid form, for example as solutions, suspensions, or emulsions. Moreover, they optionally contain adjuvants, such as preservatives, stabilizers, wetting agents or emulsifiers; salts for changing the osmotic pressure or buffers. These pharmaceutical preparations are also subjects of this invention.
For parenteral administration, especially injection solutions or suspensions, especially aqueous solutions of active compounds in polyhydroxyethoxylated castor oil, are suitable.
As carrier systems, surface-active adjuvants such as salts of bile acids or animal or plant phospholipids, but also mixtures thereof, as well as liposomes or their components can also be used.
For oral administration, especially tablets, coated tablets or capsules with talc and/or hydrocarbon vehicles or binders, such as, for example, lactose, corn or potato starch, are suitable. The administration can also be carried out in liquid form, such as, for example, as a juice, to which optionally a sweetener is added.
Enteral, parenteral and oral administrations are also subjects of this invention.
The dosage of the active ingredients can vary depending on the method of administration, age and weight of the patient, type and severity of the disease to be treated and similar factors. The daily dose is 0.5-1000 mg, preferably 50-200 mg, whereby the dose can be given as a single dose to be administered once or divided into two or more daily doses.
Subjects of this invention also include the use of compounds of general formula I for the production of a pharmaceutical agent for treating cancer, auto-immune diseases, cardiovascular diseases, chemotherapy agent-induced alopecia and mucositis, infectious diseases, nephrological diseases, chronic and acute neurodegenerative diseases and viral infections, whereby cancer is defined as solid tumors and leukemia; auto-immune diseases are defined as psoriasis, alopecia and multiple sclerosis; cardiovascular diseases are defined as stenoses, arterioscleroses and restenoses; infectious diseases are defined as diseases that are caused by unicellular parasites; nephrological diseases are defined as glomerulonephritis; chronic neurodegenerative diseases are defined as Huntington's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, AIDS dementia and Alzheimer's disease; acute neurodegenerative diseases are defined as ischemias of the brain and neurotraumas; and viral infections are defined as cytomegalic infections, herpes, hepatitis B or C, and HIV diseases.
Subjects of this invention also include pharmaceutical agents for treating the above-cited diseases, which contain at least one compound according to general formula I, as well as pharmaceutical agents with suitable formulation substances and vehicles.
The compounds of general formula I according to the invention are, i.a., excellent inhibitors of the cyclin-dependent kinases, such as CDK1, CDK2, CDK3, CDK4, CDK5, CDK6, CDK7, CDK8 and CDK9, as well as the glycogen-synthase-kinase (GSK-3β).
If the production of the starting compounds is not described, these compounds are known or can be produced analogously to known compounds or to processes that are described here. It is also possible to perform all reactions that are described here in parallel reactors or by means of combinatory operating procedures.
The isomer mixtures can be separated into the enantiomers or E/Z isomers according to commonly used methods, such as, for example, crystallization, chromatography or salt formation.
The production of the salts is carried out in the usual way by a solution of the compound of formula I being mixed with the equivalent amount of or excess base or acid, which optionally is in solution, and the precipitate being separated or the solution being worked up in the usual way.
The following examples explain the production of the compounds according to the invention, without the scope of the claimed compounds being limited to these examples.
The compounds of general formula I according to the invention can be produced according to the following general diagrams of the process:
245 mg (1 mmol) of 2-chloro-4-2-propynylaminopyrimidine is dissolved in 2 ml of acetonitrile, and a suspension of 4-(difluoromethylthio)-aniline hydrochloride [produced from 352 mg (2 mmol) of 4-(difluoromethylthio)-aniline, 1 ml of acetonitrile and 0.5 ml of aqueous HCl (4M in dioxane)] is added at room temperature. Then, the reaction mixture is refluxed overnight under N2 atmosphere. After cooling, the mixture is filtered, the remaining solid phase is washed with H2O and dried. A yield of 328 mg (85%) of the product can be expected
1.55 g (4.9 mmol) of compound 20 is dissolved in 5.5 ml of epibromohydrin, and 1.38 g of K2CO3 and 65 mg of tetrabutylammonium bromide are added to it. The reaction mixture is stirred under nitrogen atmosphere at 100° C. for 1 hour. After ethyl acetate is added, the resulting precipitate is collected and recrystallized from ethanol. The product yield is 1.15 g (62%) as a white powder.
Substance 40 is produced analogously to Example 2.
0.2 ml of a 0.5 M 4-phenylpiperazine solution in DMPU is added to a solution of 19 mg (0.05 mmol) of substance 51 in N,N′-dimethylpropylurea (DMPU). The reaction mixture is kept for 18 hours at a temperature of 80° C. After cooling, 3.5 ml of tertiary butyl methyl ether is added, and the organic phase is extracted 5 times with 1.5 ml of H2O and then evaporated in a vacuum. The remaining residue is chromatographed on 1.7 g (15 μM) of Lichrosphere Si60 (gradient: dichloromethane/hexane 1:1 to DCM and then dichloromethane/methanol 99:1 to 93:7). A product yield of 17 mg (64%) is achieved.
Similarly produced are also the following compounds:
The following compounds are produced similarly to the described examples.
The following compounds are produced analogously to the described synthesis processes according to Diagram 1 or 2:
All NMR spectra are measured in the indicated solvent or in DMSO.
[Key to the Following Tables and Diagrams:]
Bsp.-Nr. [Beispiel Nr.]=Example No.
Chromatographie Ausbeute=Chromatography yield
Schmp.=Melting point
Kristallisiert=Crystallized
Masse=Mass
krist. Wasser=Crystallized water
Verbindung=Compound
Hitze=Heat
Diastereomere 1/2(ca. 1:3)
Diastereomere 1/2(ca. 6:1)
Diastereomere 1/2(ca. 1:1)
Diastereomere 1/2(ca. 1:1)
Diastereomere 1/2(ca. 1:1)
Diastereomere 1/2(ca. 1:1)
Diastereomere 3/4(ca. 1:1)
Diastereomer 1
Diastereomer 2
(+)- Enantiomer
(−)- Enantiomer
Diastereomer 1
Diastereomer 2
Diastereomer 1
Diastereomer 2
Compounds Nos. 159, 160, 161, 163, 167, 168, 170, 174, 175, 191, 192, 203 and 204 that are identified with *) can be produced by the process variants that are described under Example No. 292.
202 mg (0.60 mmol) of the compound of Example No. 122 is mixed with 1 ml of water and 0.2 g (1.2 mmol) of bromine and stirred at room temperature. After 24 hours, 0.2 g (1.2 mmol) of bromine is added again, and it is stirred for another 24 hours at room temperature. The solvent is evaporated by means of underpressure, and the remaining residue is purified by chromatography (Flashmaster II, DCM/MeOH 7:3). 17 mg (0.04 mmol, 7%) of the product is obtained as a white solid.
Analogously to the process for the production of the intermediate products described under Example 6.0 (see Production of Intermediate Products, page 186), the following compounds are also produced:
Analogously to production example 1, the following compounds are also produced:
According to the production variants below, the following compounds are also synthesized:
30 mg (0.0678 mmol) of compound No. 278 is dissolved in 1 ml of methanol/tetrahydrofuran 1:1. After adding ≈10 mg of sodium borohydride, stirring is continued for 2 hours. Then, it is quenched with ≈3-4 drops of glacial acetic acid while being cooled, and it is concentrated by evaporation. Below, the crude product is taken up with a little water, suctioned off, rewashed with acetonitrile and dried in a vacuum at 60° C. Yield: 21 mg (70% of theory) of the desired compound.
The production of the oxime ether is carried out according to the following general reaction diagram:
R8 and R9 have the meanings that are indicated in general formula I.
50 mg (0.12 mmol) of compound No. 283, 34 mg of hydroxylammonium chloride and 150 mg of pulverized KOH are refluxed for 2 hours in 2 ml of ethanol. Then, it is poured onto ice water and acidified with glacial acetic acid, extracted 3 times with dichloromethane/isopropanol 4:1, dried with magnesium sulfate and concentrated by evaporation. The residue is suspended with acetonitrile, suctioned off and dried at 60° C. Yield: 28 mg (54% of theory) of the desired compound.
Mass
ESI:
MH+ 429 (29%)
371 (61%)
289 (91%)
Similarly produced are also the following compounds:
50 mg (0.12 mmol) of compound No. 283 and 7.5 mg (0.132 mmol) of cyclopropylamine are dissolved in 2 ml of 1,2-dichloroethane. After 9.1 mg (0.144 mmol) of sodium cyanoborohydride is added, it is allowed to stir for 12 more hours. Then, it is diluted with dichloromethane/isopropanol 4:1, washed 2× with water, dried with magnesium sulfate and concentrated by evaporation. The residue is chromatographed on silica gel with dichloromethane/methanol 95:5. Yield: 18 mg (33% of theory) of the desired compound.
Produced similarly are also compounds Nos. 159, 160, 161, 163, 167, 168, 170, 174, 175, 191, 192, 203 and 204.
Produced similarly to Example 1 are also the following two compounds:
Production of Sulfonamides of General Formula I
0.2 mmol of sulfonic acid fluoride is introduced into the reactor of a synthesizer. 1.0 ml of solvent, preferably 2-butanol, is added. 0.2 ml (0.2 mmol) of DMAP—dissolved in a solvent, for example DMSO or 2-butanol—and 0.2 ml (0.2 mmol) of the amine, dissolved in 2-butanol, are added in succession via a pipette. The reaction mixture is then stirred for 20 hours at 80° C. After the reaction is completed, the crude product is pipetted off, and the reactor is rewashed with 1.0 ml of THF. The solution of the crude product is then concentrated by evaporation and purified by HPLC.
The compounds below were produced:
[Key to Subsequent Tables:]
Beispiel-Nr.=Example No.
Verbindung=Compound
Molgewicht=Molecular Weight
Schmelzpunkt=Melting point
und=and
Production of the Pyrimidine-Sulfonyl Fluorides of General Formula I
The production of the pyrimidine-sulfonic acid fluorides is carried out analogously to the production of the sulfonic acid amides.
Similarly produced to the above-described examples were also the following para-compounds:
Separation of Diastereomer Mixtures of the Compounds According to the Invention
Separation in the Example of the Diastereomer Mixture of Compound No. 275
The diastereomer mixture is separated into the two corresponding racemates (A and B) by means of HPLC. Conditions:
Below, racemates A and B in each case are separated by means of chiral HPLC.
Production of the intermediate stages preferably used for the synthesis of the compounds of general formula I according to the invention.
11.1 g (66 mmol) of 2,4-dichloro-5-fluoropyrimidine is dissolved in 60 ml of acetonitrile, and 10.2 ml (73 mmol) of triethylamine and 6.0 ml (86 mmol) of propynylamine are added. The reaction mixture is stirred overnight at room temperature and then poured into water. The mixture is extracted by means of ethyl acetate, the combined organic phases are dried on MgSO2, and the solvent is evaporated by means of underpressure. After the remaining material is recrystallized with diisopropyl ether/hexane, the yield is 10.6 g (87% of theory) of the product.
The 4-(diaminocyclohexyl) derivatives that are described below are synthesized via reductive aminations of the described keto derivative with use of triacetoxy borohydride (Abdel-Magid, Carson, Harris, Maryanoff, Sha, J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 3849). The keto derivative is obtained by TPAP oxidation (Griffith, Ley, Aldrichimica Acta 1990, 23, 13) of the corresponding alcohol.
Similarly produced are also the following intermediate compounds:
[Key to Subsequent Tables:]
Beispiel-Nr.=Example No.
Lösemittel=Solvent
Ausbeute=Yield
Schmp.=Melting point
Masse=Mass
Chrom. Ausbeute=Chromatography yield
3.19 g (14 mmol) of 5-bromo-2,4-dichloropyrimidine is mixed with 8.06 g (63 mmol) of 4,4,4-trifluorobutanol, and 0.74 ml (8.4 mmol) of trifluoromethanesulfonic acid is slowly added to it. The reaction mixture is stirred overnight at room temperature and then poured into water. The mixture is extracted by means of ethyl acetate, the combined organic phases are dried on MgSO2, and the solvent is evaporated by means of underpressure. The product is always contaminated with varying amounts of 2,4-bisalkoxypyrimidine. The remaining material is therefore purified by means of gradient chromatography with silica gel as a carrier medium (eluant: hexane and hexane/ethyl acetate at a 9:1 ratio). This process results in a yield of 1.70 g (38%) and also yields 1.93 g (34%) of 5-bromo-2,4-bis-(4,4,4-trifluorobutoxy)pyrimidine (starting compound).
Similarly produced are also the following compounds:
Analogously to process examples 1 and 2, the following intermediate products are also produced:
Diastereomer 1/2
Diastereomer 1
Diastereomer 2
Diastereomer 1
Diastereomer 1 + 2(ca. 1:1)
Diastereomer 1 + 2(ca. 1:1)
Diastereomer 3 + 4(ca. 1:1)
Diastereomer 1 + 2(ca. 1:1)
4.5 g (20 mmol) of 2-bromobutyraldehyde diethyl acetyl (Pfaltz-Bauer Company) and 5.2 g (80 mmol) of sodium azide are stirred for 5 days in 15 ml of DMF at 100° C. Then, it is poured onto cold dilute sodium bicarbonate solution, and extracted 3× with ether. The organic phase is dried with magnesium sulfate and concentrated by evaporation: raw yield 1.87 g (50% of theory).
936 mg of the crude product is dissolved in 50 ml of methanol, mixed with palladium on carbon (10%) and stirred for 12 hours under H2 atmosphere. After the catalyst is filtered off and after concentration by evaporation, 457 mg (57% of theory) of the desired amine remains.
148 mg (0.5 mmol) of intermediate product compound 1.18 is dissolved in 1 ml of glacial acetic acid. At room temperature, 0.5 ml of 1N hydrochloric acid is added, and it is stirred for 12 hours. For working-up, it is poured onto ice water and carefully neutralized with pulverized sodium bicarbonate. Then, it is extracted 3× with ethyl acetate, the organic phase is dried with magnesium sulfate and concentrated by evaporation. Crude product 104 mg (83% of theory) of the aldehyde of compound 4.0 is obtained. The crude product can be used without further purification.
100 mg (0.356 mmol) of compound 6.0 and 126 mg of N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide are dissolved in 5 ml of dichloromethane and stirred for 10 minutes with pulverized molecular sieve (4 A). Then, 6 mg of tetrapropylammonium perruthenate is added, and it is stirred for 4 more hours at room temperature. After concentration by evaporation, it is chromatographed on silica gel (hexane/ethyl acetate 4:1>2:1). Yield: 75 mg (76% of theory) of the ketone of compound 5.0.
265 mg (1 mmol) of compound 4.2 is dissolved in 20 ml of tetrahydrofuran. While being cooled in an ice bath, 5 equivalents of methylmagnesium bromide (3 molar solution in ether) is added in portions. Then, it is stirred for 3 more hours at room temperature and then quenched with water while being cooled. Then, it is mixed with ammonium chloride solution, extracted 3× with ethyl acetate, the organic phase is dried with magnesium sulfate and concentrated by evaporation. Flash chromatography (hexane/ethyl acetate 2:1) yields 213 mg (76% of theory) of the alcohol of compound 6.0.
ESI: MH+ 282 (100%) 276 (5%)
Similarly produced are also the following intermediate products:
Subjects of this invention are thus also compounds of general formula Ia
in which
D stands for halogen, and X, R1, and R2 have the meanings that are indicated in general formula (I).
Those intermediate products of general formula Ia, in which D stands for chlorine and X, R1 and R2 have the meanings that are indicated in the general formula, are especially valuable.
Another subject of this invention are also those compounds that fall under industrial property right DE 4029650, whose action is in the fungicide range and which are not described as CDK inhibitors, however, and also their use for treating cancer is not described.
The invention thus relates in addition to pharmaceutical agents that comprise a compound of general formula I
in which
R2, R3, R4, R7 and R8 have the meanings that are indicated in general formula I, as well as isomers, diastereomers, enantiomers and salts thereof.
The agents according to the invention can also be used for treating cancer, auto-immune diseases, cardiovascular diseases, chemotherapy agent-induced alopecia and mucositis, infectious diseases, nephrological diseases, chronic and acute neurodegenerative diseases and viral infections, whereby cancer is defined as solid tumors and leukemia; auto-immune diseases are defined as psoriasis, alopecia and multiple sclerosis; cardiovascular diseases are defined as stenoses, arterioscleroses and restenoses; infectious diseases are defined as diseases that are caused by unicellular parasites; nephrological diseases are defined as glomerulonephritis; chronic neurodegenerative diseases are defined as Huntington's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, AIDS dementia and Alzheimer's disease; acute neurodegenerative diseases are defined as ischemias of the brain and neurotraumas; and viral infections are defined as cytomegalic infections, herpes, hepatitis B or C, and HIV diseases.
The following examples describe the biological action of the compounds according to the invention without limiting the invention to these examples.
Recombinant CDK2- and CycE-GST-fusion proteins, purified from baculovirus-infected insect cells (Sf9), are obtained by Dr. Dieter Marmé, Klinik für Tumorbiologie [Clinic for Tumor Biology], Freiburg. Histone IIIS, which is used as a kinase substrate, is purchased by the Sigma Company.
CDK2/CycE (50 ng/measuring point) is incubated for 15 minutes at 22° C. in the presence of various concentrations of test substances (0 μm, as well as within the range of 0.01-100 μm) in assay buffer [50 mmol of tris/HCl pH 8.0, 10 mmol of MgCl2, 0.1 mmol of Na orthovanadate, 1.0 mmol of dithiothreitol, 0.5 gm of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), 10 μg/measuring point of histone IIIS, 0.2 μCi/measuring point of 33P-gamma ATP, 0.05% NP40, 12.5% dimethyl sulfoxide]. The reaction was is stopped by adding EDTA solution (250 mmol, pH 8.0, 14 μl/measuring point).
From each reaction batch, 10 μl applied to P30 filter strips (Wallac Company), and non-incorporated 33P-ATP is removed by subjecting the filter strips to three washing cycles for 10 minutes each in 0.5% phosphoric acid. After the filter strips are dried for one hour at 70° C., the filter were are covered with scintillator strips (MeltiLex™ A, Wallac Company) and baked for one hour at 90° C. The amount of incorporated 33P (substrate phosphorylation) is determined by scintillation measurement in a gamma-radiation measuring device (Wallac).
Cultivated human tumor cells (as indicated) are flattened out at a density of 5000 cells/measuring point in a 96-hole multititer plate in 200 μl of the corresponding growth medium. After 24 hours, the cells of one plate (zero-point plate) are colored with crystal violet (see below), while the medium of the other plates is replaced by fresh culture medium (200 μl), to which the test substances are added at various concentrations (0 μm, as well as in the range of 0.01-30 μm; the final concentration of the solvent dimethyl sulfoxide is 0.5%). The cells are incubated for 4 days in the presence of test substances. The cell proliferation is determined by coloring the cells with crystal violet: the cells are fixed by adding 20 μl/measuring point of a 11% glutaric aldehyde solution for 15 minutes at room temperature. After three washing cycles of the fixed cells with water, the plates are dried at room temperature. The cells are colored by adding 100 μl/measuring point of a 0.1% crystal violet solution (pH is set at 3 by adding acetic acid). After three washing cycles of the colored cells with water, the plates are dried at room temperature. The dye is dissolved by adding 100 μl/measuring point of a 10% acetic acid solution. The extinction is determined by photometry at a wavelength of 595 nm. The change of cell growth, in percent, is calculated by standardization of the measured values to the extinction values of the zero-point plate (=0%) and the extinction of the untreated (0 μm) cells (=100%).
The results of Examples 1 and 2 are cited in the following tables.
[Key to Subsequent Tables:]
Beispiel Nummer=Example Number
Proof of Superiority of the Compounds According to the Invention Compared to the Known Compounds
To prove the superiority of the compounds according to the invention compared to the known compounds, the compounds according to the invention are compared to known reference compounds and structurally-similar known compounds in the enzyme test. The result is cited in the following table:
[Key to the Following Tables:]
Beispiel-Nr.=Example No.
Löslichkeit (g/l)=Solubility (g/l)
Beispiel 11 aus WO01/14375 (Seite 38)=Example 11 from WO01/14375 (page 38)
Nr. 48
Nr. 9
Nr. 11
Olomoucine
Roscovitine
Kenpaullone
Alsterpaullone
Purvalanol A
It can be seen from the results of the table that both in the enzyme test and in the cell test, the compounds according to the invention have significantly higher activities in the enzyme and in the MCF-7 cells than the compounds that are known from the prior art. The compounds according to the invention are thus far superior to the known compounds.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 101 27 581 | May 2001 | DE | national |
| 102 12 098 | Mar 2002 | DE | national |
This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 10/156,759 filed May 29, 2002 now U.S. Pat. No. 7,235,561 and a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 10/842,419 filed May 11, 2004, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,291,624, whose disclosures are incorporated by reference herein.
| Number | Name | Date | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 5958935 | Davis et al. | Sep 1999 | A |
| 7235561 | Brumby et al. | Jun 2007 | B2 |
| 7291624 | Brumby et al. | Nov 2007 | B2 |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20080039447 A1 | Feb 2008 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 10842419 | May 2004 | US |
| Child | 11819307 | US | |
| Parent | 10156759 | May 2002 | US |
| Child | 10842419 | US |
