Cells useful for immuno-based botulinum toxin serotype A activity assays

The sequences disclosed in the present specification are contained in the Sequence Listing submitted with the present specification which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.

The ability of Clostridial toxins, such as, e.g., Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs), BoNT/A, BoNT/B, BoNT/C1, BoNT/D, BoNT/E, BoNT/F and BoNT/G, and Tetanus neurotoxin (TeNT), to inhibit neuronal transmission are being exploited in a wide variety of therapeutic and cosmetic applications, see e.g., William J. Lipham, Cosmetic and Clinical Applications of Botulinum Toxin (Slack, Inc., 2004). Clostridial toxins commercially available as pharmaceutical compositions include, BoNT/A preparations, such as, e.g., BOTOX® (Allergan, Inc., Irvine, Calif.), DYSPORT®/RELOXIN®, (Ipsen Ltd., Slough, England), PURTOX® (Mentor Corp., Santa Barbara, Calif.), XEOMIN® (Merz Pharmaceuticals, GmbH., Frankfurt, Germany), NEURONOX® (Medy-Tox, Inc., Ochang-myeon, South Korea), BTX-A (Biogen-tech Ltd., University, Yantai, Shandong, China); and BoNT/B preparations, such as, e.g., MYOBLOC®/NEUROBLOC® (Solstice Neurosciences, Inc., South San Francisco, Calif.). As an example, BOTOX® is currently approved in one or more countries for the following indications: achalasia, adult spasticity, anal fissure, back pain, blepharospasm, bruxism, cervical dystonia, essential tremor, glabellar lines or hyperkinetic facial lines, headache, hemifacial spasm, hyperactivity of bladder, hyperhidrosis, juvenile cerebral palsy, multiple sclerosis, myoclonic disorders, nasal labial lines, spasmodic dysphonia, strabismus and VII nerve disorder.

At present the mouse LD₅₀bioassay, a lethality test, remains the “gold standard” test used by all pharmaceutical manufacturers to express the potency of their preparations. S. S. Amon et al., JAMA 285: 1059-1070 (2001). In fact, the units on the pharmaceutical preparations' labels are mouse LD₅₀units and the number of animals needed to produce statistically useful LD₅₀data is large. The advantage of the mouse LD₅₀bioassay is that it measures all the steps necessary for botulinum toxin uptake (e.g., toxin binding to a cell surface receptor, internalization of the toxin-receptor complex, light chain translocation into the cytoplasm, light chain cleavage of substrate), instead of merely determining the activity for only part of this intoxication process, such as, e.g., in vitro assays that only measure light chain enzymatic activity. Unfortunately, the mouse LD₅₀bioassay suffers from many drawbacks including high operational cost due to the large numbers of laboratory animals required, a lack of specificity since all BoNT serotypes will cause the same measurable end-point, and the potential for inaccuracy unless large animal groups are used. In addition, animal rights groups have exerted pressure on regulatory agencies in the United States (FDA/NICEATM/ICCVAM) and Europe (MHRA and EDQM), and on pharmaceutical companies manufacturing botulinum neurotoxin products to reduce animal testing and more importantly replace the mouse LD₅₀bioassay for product release. The regulatory agencies are engaging pharmaceutical companies to apply the three “Rs” principle to the potency testing of botulinum neurotoxins: Reduce, Refine, Replace. D. Straughan, Progress in Applying the Three Rs to the Potency Testing of Botulinum Toxin Type A, Altern. Lab. Anim. 34(3): 305-313 (2006). In recent years, several steps have been already taken to reduce and refine the mouse LD₅₀bioassay in order to standardize the protocol and produce more consistent data using fewer animals per assay.

Thus, a simple, reliable, validated and governmental agency acceptable botulinum toxin activity assay that can evaluate the integrity of all the steps necessary in botulinum toxin uptake would be of significant value because such a non-animal based assay would alleviate the need for animal testing and all the disadvantages, costs and ethical concerns associated with this type of animal-based assay. Companion patent application Ester Fernandez-Salas, et al., Immuno-Based Botulinum Toxin Serotype A Activity Assays, U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/403,531, provides novel compositions, cells, and methods for assaying the activity of a BoNT/A useful for various industries, such as, e.g., the pharmaceutical and food industries. Such compositions, cells, and methods do not use live animals or tissues taken from live animals, but can evaluate all the steps necessary for neurotoxin action, namely, binding and cellular uptake of toxin, translocation into the cell cytosol, and protease activity.

One of the necessary components for the methods disclosed in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/403,531 is the use of cells from an established cell line that are susceptible to low levels of BoNT/A intoxication because the amount of BoNT/A contained within a commercially-available pharmaceutical composition is very low. For example, approximately 4-5 ng of a BoNT/A complex is contained in the pharmaceutical composition sold as BOTOX®. Thus, there is a need to identify and create established cell lines comprising cells that are susceptible to BoNT/A intoxication when only very low levels of the neurotoxin is present in the sample. The present specification provides novel cells and cell compositions. that are susceptible to BoNT/A intoxication when only very low amounts of BoNT/A is present and thus allow assaying of commercially-available pharmaceutical composition comprising BoNT/A.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 shows a schematic of the current paradigm of neurotransmitter release and Clostridial toxin intoxication in a central and peripheral neuron. FIG. 1A shows a schematic for the neurotransmitter release mechanism of a central and peripheral neuron. The release process can be described as comprising two steps: 1) vesicle docking, where the vesicle-bound SNARE protein of a vesicle containing neurotransmitter molecules associates with the membrane-bound SNARE proteins located at the plasma membrane; and 2) neurotransmitter release, where the vesicle fuses with the plasma membrane and the neurotransmitter molecules are exocytosed. FIG. 1B shows a schematic of the intoxication mechanism for tetanus and botulinum toxin activity in a central and peripheral neuron. This intoxication process can be described as comprising four steps: 1) receptor binding, where Clostridial toxin binding to a Clostridial receptor complex and initiates the intoxication process; 2) complex internalization, where after toxin binding, a vesicle containing a toxin/receptor system complex is endocytosed into the cell; 3) light chain translocation, where multiple events are thought to occur, including changes in the internal pH of the vesicle, formation of a channel pore comprising the H_Ndomain of Clostridial toxin heavy chain, separation of the Clostridial toxin light chain from the heavy chain, and release of the light chain and 4) enzymatic target modification, where the light chain of Clostridial toxin proteolytically cleaves its target SNARE substrates, such as, e.g., SNAP-25, VAMP or Syntaxin, thereby preventing vesicle docking and neurotransmitter release.

FIG. 2 shows volcano plots of genes that are more than 4-fold (log₂(4)=2) up or down regulated in BB10 and H1 cell lines as compared to the 2D6 cell line. FIG. 2A shows the genes that are up regulated in the BB10 cell line as compared to the 2D6 cell line. FIG. 2B shows the genes that are up regulated in the H1 cell line as compared to the 2D6 cell line. FIG. 2C shows the genes that are up regulated in the BB10 cell line as compared to the parental SiMa cell line (PA). FIG. 2D shows the genes that are up regulated in the H1 cell line as compared to the parental SiMa cell line (PA). FIG. 2E shows the genes that are up regulated in the parental SiMa cell line (PA) as compared to the 2D6 cell line. Each dot represents a probe set. The dashed line marks the 95% confidence interval, p≦0.05. Most of the genes that are over expressed in BB10 and H1 compared to 2D6 (A and B) are also over or under-expressed in BB10 compared to PA (C), in H1 compared to PA (D), and in PA compared to 2D6 (E), however a number of them are less than 4-fold over-expressed and/or do not pass the 95% confidence interval.

FIG. 3 shows normalized BIAcore SPR curves of 7.8 nM of the antibodies 2E2A6, 1D3B8, 3C1A5 and 2C9B10 and commercial MC-6050 and MC-6053. FIG. 3A shows the normalized data for the on-rate of each antibody. FIG. 3B shows the normalized data for the off-rate of each antibody.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The present specification provides novel cells and cell compositions that are susceptible to BoNT/A intoxication to allow assaying of BoNT/A and BoNT/A compositions such as, e.g., commercially-available pharmaceutical composition comprising BoNT/A. The cell and cell compositions disclosed in the present specification are useful to conduct methods that can detect picomolar quantities of BoNT/A in a sample, such as the methods disclosed in, e.g., Ester Fernandez-Salas, et al., Immuno-Based Botulinum Toxin Serotype A Activity Assays, U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/403,531, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. The cells and cell compositions, and their use in methods of detecting BoNT/A activity reduce the need for animal toxicity studies, yet serve to analyze the multiple steps of BoNT/A intoxication, namely, binding and cellular uptake of toxin, translocation into the cell cytosol, and protease activity. As discussed further below, the novel cells and cell compositions of the present specification can be used in assays that analyze crude and bulk samples as well as highly purified di-chain toxins and formulated toxin products and further are amenable to automated high throughput assay formats.

Thus, aspects of the present specification provide a cell composition comprising cells from a clonal cell line that are susceptible to BoNT/A intoxication.

Other aspects of the present specification provide a method of detecting BoNT/A activity using the clonal cell lines disclosed in the present specification.

Clostridia toxins produced by Clostridium botulinum, Clostridium tetani, Clostridium baratii and Clostridium butyricum are the most widely used in therapeutic and cosmetic treatments of humans and other mammals. Strains of C. botulinum produce seven antigenically-distinct serotypes of botulinum toxins (BoNTs), which have been identified by investigating botulism outbreaks in man (BoNT/A, BoNT/B, BoNT/E and BoNT/F), animals (BoNT/C1 and BoNT/D), or isolated from soil (BoNT/G). While all seven botulinum toxin serotypes have similar structure and biological properties, each also displays heterogeneous characteristics, such as, e.g., different pharmacological properties. In contrast, tetanus toxin (TeNT) is produced by a uniform group of C. tetani. Two other species of Clostridia, C. baratii and C. butyricum, also produce toxins similar to BoNT/F and BoNT/E, respectively.

Clostridial toxins are each translated as a single chain polypeptide of approximately 150 kDa that is subsequently cleaved by proteolytic scission within a disulfide loop by a naturally-occurring protease, such as, e.g., an endogenous Clostridial toxin protease or a naturally-occurring protease produced in the environment. This posttranslational processing yields a di-chain molecule comprising an approximately 50 kDa light chain (LC) and an approximately 100 kDa heavy chain (HC) held together by a single disulfide bond and noncovalent interactions. Each mature di-chain molecule comprises three functionally distinct domains: 1) an enzymatic domain located in the LC that includes a metalloprotease region containing a zinc-dependent endopeptidase activity which specifically targets core components of the neurotransmitter release apparatus; 2) a translocation domain contained within the amino-terminal half of the HC(H_N) that facilitates release of the LC from intracellular vesicles into the cytoplasm of the target cell; and 3) a binding domain found within the carboxyl-terminal half of the HC(H_C) that determines the binding activity and binding specificity of the toxin to the receptor complex located at the surface of the target cell.

The binding, translocation and enzymatic activity of these three functional domains are all necessary for toxicity. While all details of this process are not yet precisely known, the overall cellular intoxication mechanism whereby Clostridial toxins enter a neuron and inhibit neurotransmitter release is similar, regardless of serotype or subtype. Although the applicants have no wish to be limited by the following description, the intoxication mechanism can be described as comprising at least four steps: 1) receptor binding, 2) complex internalization, 3) light chain translocation, and 4) enzymatic target modification (FIG. 1). The process is initiated when the H_Cbinding domain of a Clostridial toxin binds to a toxin-specific receptor system located on the plasma membrane surface of a target cell. The binding specificity of a receptor complex is thought to be achieved, in part, by specific combinations of gangliosides and protein receptors that appear to distinctly comprise each Clostridial toxin receptor complex. Once bound, the toxin/receptor complexes are internalized by endocytosis and the internalized vesicles are sorted to specific intracellular routes. The translocation step appears to be triggered by the acidification of the vesicle compartment. This process seems to initiate important pH-dependent structural rearrangements that increase hydrophobicity, promote pore formation, and facilitate separation of the heavy and light chains of the toxin. Once separated, the light chain endopeptidase of the toxin is released from the intracellular vesicle into the cytosol where it appears to specifically target core components of the neurotransmitter release apparatus. These core proteins, vesicle-associated membrane protein (VAMP)/synaptobrevin, synaptosomal-associated protein of 25 kDa (SNAP-25) and Syntaxin, are necessary for synaptic vesicle docking and fusion at the nerve terminal and constitute members of the soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor-attachment protein-receptor (SNARE) family. BoNT/A and BoNT/E cleave SNAP-25 in the carboxyl terminal region, releasing a nine or twenty six amino acid fragment, respectively, and BoNT/C1 also cleaves SNAP-25 near the carboxyl terminus releasing an eight amino acid fragment. The botulinum serotypes BoNT/B, BoNT/D, BoNT/F and BoNT/G, and tetanus toxin, act on the conserved central portion of VAMP, and release the amino terminal portion of VAMP into the cytosol. BoNT/C1 cleaves syntaxin at a single site near the cytosolic membrane surface. The selective proteolysis of synaptic SNAREs accounts for the block of neurotransmitter release caused by Clostridial toxins in vivo. The SNARE protein targets of Clostridial toxins are common to exocytosis in a variety of non-neuronal types; in these cells, as in neurons, light chain peptidase activity inhibits exocytosis, see, e.g., Yann Humeau et al., How Botulinum and Tetanus Neurotoxins Block Neurotransmitter Release, 82(5) Biochimie. 427-446 (2000); Kathryn Turton et al., Botulinum and Tetanus Neurotoxins: Structure, Function and Therapeutic Utility, 27(11) Trends Biochem. Sci. 552-558. (2002); Giovanna Lalli et al., The Journey of Tetanus and Botulinum Neurotoxins in Neurons, 11(9) Trends Microbiol. 431-437, (2003).

Aspects of the present disclosure comprise, in part, a cell from an established cell line. As used herein, the term “cell” refers to any eukaryotic cell susceptible to BoNT/A intoxication by a BoNT/A or any eukaryotic cell that can uptake a BoNT/A. The term cell encompasses cells from a variety of organisms, such as, e.g., murine, rat, porcine, bovine, equine, primate and human cells; from a variety of cell types such as, e.g., neuronal and non-neuronal; and can be isolated from or part of a heterogeneous cell population, tissue or organism. As used herein, the term “established cell line” is synonymous with “immortal cell line,” or “transformed cell line” and refers to a cell culture of cells selected for indefinite propagation from a cell population derived from an organism, tissue, or organ source. By definition, an established cell line excludes a cell culture of primary cells. As used herein, the term “primary cells” are cells harvested directly from fresh tissues or organs and do not have the potential to propagate indefinitely. An established cell line can comprise a heterogeneous population of cells or a uniform population of cells. An established cell line derived from a single cell is referred to as a clonal cell line. An established cell line can be one whose cells endogenously express all component necessary for the cells to undergo the overall cellular mechanism whereby a BoNT/A proteolytically cleaves a SNAP-25 substrate and encompasses the binding of a BoNT/A to a BoNT/A receptor, the internalization of the neurotoxin/receptor complex, the translocation of the BoNT/A light chain from an intracellular vesicle into the cytoplasm and the proteolytic cleavage of a SNAP-25. Alternatively, an established cell line can be one whose cells have had introduced from an exogenous source at least one component necessary for the cells to undergo the overall cellular mechanism whereby a BoNT/A proteolytically cleaves a SNAP-25 substrate and encompasses the binding of a BoNT/A to a BoNT/A receptor, the internalization of the neurotoxin/receptor complex, the translocation of the BoNT/A light chain from an intracellular vesicle into the cytoplasm and the proteolytic cleavage of a SNAP-25. Also referred to as a genetically-engineered cell line, cells from such an established cell line may, e.g., express an exogenous FGFR2, an exogenous FGFR3, an exogenous SV2, an exogenous SNAP-25, or any combination thereof. As used herein, the term “established clonal cell line” or “clonal cell line” refers to a cell culture of cells selected from a heterogenous population of cell types comprising an established cell line, which can also be referred to as a parental cell line. Thus, as a non-limiting example, the cells from the A6, A7, A9, A10, A11, B5, B10, C5, C11, C12, D7, D11, E11, F10, H1, H3, H8, H10, 1E3, 2B9, 2E4, 3B8, 3D5, 3G10, 4B5, 4C8, 5F3, AC9, AF4, BB3, BB10, BE3, BF8, CC11, CD6, CE6, CG8, CG10, DC4, DD10, DE7, YF5, and H1 1.4 clonal cell lines were selected from the heterogenous population of cell types comprising the SiMa cell line (or parental SiMa cell line) DSMZ ACC 164.

Aspects of the present disclosure comprise, in part, a cell from an established clonal cell line susceptible to BoNT/A intoxication. As used herein, the terms “cell(s) susceptible to BoNT/A intoxication,” “cell(s) susceptible to BoNT/A intoxication by a BoNT/A,” or “cell(s) from an established clonal cell line susceptible to BoNT/A intoxication by a BoNT/A” refer to cell(s) that can undergo the overall cellular mechanism whereby a BoNT/A proteolytically cleaves a SNAP-25 substrate and encompasses the binding of a BoNT/A to a BoNT/A receptor, the internalization of the neurotoxin/receptor complex, the translocation of the BoNT/A light chain from an intracellular vesicle into the cytoplasm and the proteolytic cleavage of a SNAP-25. By definition, cell(s) susceptible to BoNT/A intoxication must express, or be engineered to express, at least one BoNT/A receptor and at least one SNAP-25 substrate. Non-limiting examples of a cell or cells from an established clonal cell line susceptible to BoNT/A intoxication, include A6, A7, A9, A10, A11, B5, B10, C5, C11, C12, D7, D11, E11, F10, H1, H3, H8, H10, 1E3, 2B9, 2D2, 2D6, 2E4, 3B8, 3D5, 3G10, 4B5, 4C8, 4D3, 5C10, 5F3, AC9, AF4, BB3, BB10, BE3, BF8, CC11, CD6, CE6, CG8, CG10, DC4, DD10, DE7, DF5, YB7, YF5, and H1 1.4 clonal cell lines. As used herein, the terms “cell(s) that can uptake BoNT/A” or “cell(s) comprising an established clonal cell line that can uptake BoNT/A” refer to cells that can undergo the overall cellular mechanism whereby a BoNT/A proteolytically cleaves a SNAP-25 substrate and encompasses the binding of a BoNT/A to a BoNT/A receptor, the internalization of the neurotoxin/receptor complex, the translocation of the BoNT/A light chain from an intracellular vesicle into the cytoplasm and the proteolytic cleavage of a SNAP-25. By definition, cell(s) that can uptake BoNT/A must express, or be engineered to express, at least one BoNT/A receptor and at least one SNAP-25 substrate. Non-limiting examples of a cell or cells from an established clonal cell line that can uptake BoNT/A, include A6, A7, A9, A10, A11, B5, B10, C5, C11, C12, D7, D11, E11, F10, H1, H3, H8, H10, 1E3, 2B9, 2D2, 2D6, 2E4, 3B8, 3D5, 3G10, 4B5, 4C8, 4D3, 5C10, 5F3, AC9, AF4, BB3, BB10, BE3, BF8, CC11, CD6, CE6, CG8, CG10, DC4, DD10, DE7, DF5, YB7, YF5, and H1 1.4 clonal cell lines. Cell lines comprising cell(s) from an established clonal cell line susceptible to BoNT/A intoxication or cell(s) that can uptake BoNT/A are referred to as a “responder cell line.”

Aspects of the present disclosure comprise, in part, cells from an established clonal cell line more susceptible to BoNT/A intoxication. As used herein, the terms “cell(s) more susceptible to BoNT/A intoxication,” “cell(s) more susceptible to BoNT/A intoxication by a BoNT/A,” or “cell(s) from an established clonal cell line more susceptible to BoNT/A intoxication by a BoNT/A” refer to cell(s) that undergo the overall cellular mechanism whereby a BoNT/A proteolytically cleaves a SNAP-25 substrate to a greater degree as compared to a cell(s) comprising a parental SiMa cell line, such as, e.g., parental SiMa cell line DSMZ ACC 164. Non-limiting examples of a cell or cells from an established clonal cell line more susceptible to BoNT/A intoxication, include a cell or cells from a A10, H1, 2E4, 3B8, 3D5, 5F3, AF4, BB3, BB10, DC4, or H1 1.4 clonal cell lines. As used herein, the terms “cell(s) that uptake BoNT/A more” or “cell(s) comprising an established clonal cell line that uptake BoNT/A more” refer to cells that undergo the overall cellular mechanism whereby a BoNT/A proteolytically cleaves a SNAP-25 substrate to a greater degree as compared to a cell(s) comprising a parental SiMa cell line, such as, e.g., parental SiMa cell line DSMZ ACC 164. Non-limiting examples of a cell or cells from an established clonal cell line that can uptake BoNT/A more, include a cell or cells from a A10, H1, 2E4, 3B8, 3D5, 5F3, AF4, BB3, BB10, DC4, or H1 1.4 clonal cell lines. Cell lines comprising cell(s) from an established clonal cell line more susceptible to BoNT/A intoxication or cell(s) that can uptake BoNT/A more are referred to as a “high responder cell line.”

Aspects of the present disclosure comprise, in part, cells from an established clonal cell line less susceptible to BoNT/A intoxication. As used herein, the terms “cell(s) less susceptible to BoNT/A intoxication,” “cell(s) less susceptible to BoNT/A intoxication by a BoNT/A,” or “cell(s) from an established clonal cell line less susceptible to BoNT/A intoxication by a BoNT/A” refer to cell(s) that undergo the overall cellular mechanism whereby a BoNT/A proteolytically cleaves a SNAP-25 substrate to a lesser degree as compared to a cell(s) comprising a parental SiMa cell line, such as, e.g., parental SiMa cell line DSMZ ACC 164. Non-limiting examples of a cell or cells from an established clonal cell line less susceptible to BoNT/A intoxication, include A7, B10, D11, H10, 2D2, 2D6, 4D3, 5C10, DF5, and YB7 clonal cell lines. As used herein, the terms “cell(s) that uptake BoNT/A less” or “cell(s) comprising an established clonal cell line that uptake BoNT/A less” refer to cells that undergo the overall cellular mechanism whereby a BoNT/A proteolytically cleaves a SNAP-25 substrate to a lesser degree as compared to a cell(s) comprising a parental SiMa cell line, such as, e.g., parental SiMa cell line DSMZ ACC 164. Non-limiting examples of a cell or cells from an established clonal cell line that can uptake BoNT/A less, include A7, B10, D11, H10, 2D2, 2D6, 4D3, 5C10, DF5, and YB7 clonal cell lines. Cell lines comprising cell(s) from an established clonal cell line less susceptible to BoNT/A intoxication or cell(s) that can uptake BoNT/A less are referred to as a “low responder cell line.”

Aspects of the present disclosure comprise, in part, a cell from an established clonal cell line not susceptible to BoNT/A intoxication. As used herein, the terms “cell(s) not susceptible to BoNT/A intoxication,” “cell(s) not susceptible to BoNT/A intoxication by a BoNT/A,” or “cell(s) from an established clonal cell line not susceptible to BoNT/A intoxication by a BoNT/A” refer to cell(s) that cannot undergo the overall cellular mechanism whereby a BoNT/A proteolytically cleaves a SNAP-25 substrate. As used herein, the terms “cell(s) that cannot uptake BoNT/A” or “cell(s) comprising an established clonal cell line that cannot uptake BoNT/A” refer to cells that cannot undergo the overall cellular mechanism whereby a BoNT/A proteolytically cleaves a SNAP-25 substrate. Cell lines comprising cell(s) from an established clonal cell line not susceptible to BoNT/A intoxication or cell(s) that cannot uptake BoNT/A are referred to as a “non-responder cell line.”

Thus in an embodiment, cells from an established clonal cell line are susceptible to BoNT/A intoxication. In aspects of this embodiment, cells from an established clonal cell line are susceptible to BoNT/A intoxication by, e.g., about 500 pM or less, about 400 pM or less, about 300 pM or less, about 200 pM or less, or about 100 pM or less of a BoNT/A. In other aspects of this embodiment, cells from an established clonal cell line are susceptible to BoNT/A intoxication by, e.g., about 90 pM or less, about 80 pM or less, about 70 pM or less, about 60 pM or less, about 50 pM or less, about 40 pM or less, about 30 pM or less, about 20 pM or less, or about 10 pM or less of a BoNT/A. In still other aspects, cells from an established clonal cell line are susceptible to BoNT/A intoxication by, e.g., about 9 pM or less, about 8 pM or less, about 7 pM or less, about 6 pM or less, about 5 pM or less, about 4 pM or less, about 3 pM or less, about 2 pM or less, or about 1 pM or less of a BoNT/A. In yet other aspects, cells from an established clonal cell line are susceptible to BoNT/A intoxication by, e.g., about 0.9 pM or less, about 0.8 pM or less, about 0.7 pM or less, about 0.6 pM or less, about 0.5 pM or less, about 0.4 pM or less, about 0.3 pM or less, about 0.2 pM, or about 0.1 pM or less of a BoNT/A. As used herein, the term “about” when qualifying a value of a stated item, number, percentage, or term refers to a range of plus or minus ten percent of the value of the stated item, percentage, parameter, or term.

In another embodiment, cells comprising an established clonal cell line can uptake a BoNT/A. In aspects of this embodiment, cells comprising an established clonal cell line can uptake, e.g., about 500 pM or less, about 400 pM or less, about 300 pM or less, about 200 pM or less, or about 100 pM or less of a BoNT/A. In other aspects of this embodiment, cells comprising an established clonal cell line possess the ability to uptake about 90 pM or less, about 80 pM or less, about 70 pM or less, about 60 pM or less, about 50 pM or less, about 40 pM or less, about 30 pM or less, about 20 pM or less, or about 10 pM or less of a BoNT/A. In still other aspects, cells comprising an established clonal cell line possess the ability to uptake about 9 pM or less, about 8 pM or less, about 7 pM or less, about 6 pM or less, about 5 pM or less, about 4 pM or less, about 3 pM or less, about 2 pM or less, or about 1 pM or less of a BoNT/A. In yet other aspects, cells comprising an established clonal cell line possess the ability to uptake about 0.9 pM or less, about 0.8 pM or less, about 0.7 pM or less, about 0.6 pM or less, about 0.5 pM or less, about 0.4 pM or less, about 0.3 pM or less, about 0.2 pM or less, or about 0.1 pM or less of a BoNT/A. In other aspects, cells comprising an established clonal cell line can uptake BoNT/A from, e.g., about 0.01 pM to about 100 pM, about 0.01 pM to about 75 pM, about 0.01 pM to about 50 pM, about 0.01 pM to about 25 pM, about 0.01 pM to about 20 pM, about 0.01 pM to about 15 pM, about 0.01 pM to about 10 pM, about 0.01 pM to about 5 pM, about 0.001 pM to about 100 pM, about 0.001 pM to about 75 pM, about 0.001 pM to about 50 pM, about 0.001 pM to about 25 pM, about 0.001 pM to about 20 pM, about 0.001 pM to about 15 pM, about 0.001 pM to about 10 pM, or about 0.001 pM to about 5 pM of BoNT/A.

In another embodiment, cells from an established clonal cell line are not susceptible to BoNT/A intoxication. In aspects of this embodiment, cells from an established clonal cell line are not susceptible to BoNT/A intoxication by, e.g., about 500 pM or less, about 400 pM or less, about 300 pM or less, about 200 pM or less, or about 100 pM or less of a BoNT/A. In other aspects of this embodiment, cells from an established clonal cell line are susceptible to BoNT/A intoxication by, e.g., about 90 pM or less, about 80 pM or less, about 70 pM or less, about 60 pM or less, about 50 pM or less, about 40 pM or less, about 30 pM or less, about 20 pM or less A, or about 10 pM or less of a BoNT/A. In still other aspects, cells from an established clonal cell line are not susceptible to BoNT/A intoxication by, e.g., about 9 pM or less, about 8 pM or less, about 7 pM or less, about 6 pM or less, about 5 pM or less, about 4 pM or less, about 3 pM or less, about 2 pM or less, or about 1 pM or less of a BoNT/A. In yet other aspects, cells from an established clonal cell line are not susceptible to BoNT/A intoxication by, e.g., about 0.9 pM or less, about 0.8 pM or less, about 0.7 pM or less, about 0.6 pM or less, about 0.5 pM or less, about 0.4 pM or less, about 0.3 pM or less, about 0.2 pM, or about 0.1 pM or less of a BoNT/A. In other aspects, cells from an established clonal cell line are not susceptible to BoNT/A intoxication from, e.g., about 0.01 pM to about 100 pM, about 0.01 pM to about 75 pM, about 0.01 pM to about 50 pM, about 0.01 pM to about 25 pM, about 0.01 pM to about 20 pM, about 0.01 pM to about 15 pM, about 0.01 pM to about 10 pM, about 0.01 pM to about 5 pM, about 0.001 pM to about 100 pM, about 0.001 pM to about 75 pM, about 0.001 pM to about 50 pM, about 0.001 pM to about 25 pM, about 0.001 pM to about 20 pM, about 0.001 pM to about 15 pM, about 0.001 pM to about 10 pM, or about 0.001 pM to about 5 pM of BoNT/A.

Aspects of the present disclosure comprise, in part, cells from an established clonal cell line susceptible to BoNT/A intoxication that are more stable than cells from a parental SiMa cell line, such as, e.g., parental SiMa cell line DSMZ ACC 164. As used herein, the term “stable” refers to cells from an established clonal cell line for a particular passage number that exhibit a relative EC₅₀, sensitivity, efficacy, well-defined upper asymptote, and/or a well-defined dose-response curve for BoNT/A activity that is similar to the values for relative EC₅₀, sensitivity, efficacy, well-defined upper asymptote, and/or a well-defined dose-response curve exhibited by cells from a parental SiMa cell line, such as, e.g., parental SiMa cell line DSMZ ACC 164, at the same or similar passage number, where the same assay conditions and the same BoNT/A (or molecule) are used in both assays.

Thus in an embodiment, cells from an established clonal cell line are more stable as compared to a parental SiMa cell line. In an aspect of this embodiment, cells from an established clonal cell line are more stable as compared to the parental SiMa cell line DSMZ ACC 164. In other aspects of this embodiment, cells from an established clonal cell line are more stable for, e.g., at least 5 more passages, at least 10 more passages, at least 15 more passages, at least 20 more passages, at least 25 more passages, or at least 30 more passages, as compared to a parental SiMa cell line. In yet other aspects of this embodiment, cells from an established clonal cell line are more stable for, e.g., at least 5 more passages, at least 10 more passages, at least 15 more passages, at least 20 more passages, at least 25 more passages, or at least 30 more passages, as compared to a parental SiMa cell line DSMZ ACC 164.

Aspects of the present disclosure comprise, in part, cells from an established clonal cell line susceptible to BoNT/A intoxication that are stable over a plurality of cell passages. As used herein, the term “stable” refers to cells from an established clonal cell line for a particular passage number that exhibit a relative EC₅₀, sensitivity, efficacy, well-defined upper asymptote, and/or a well-defined dose-response curve for BoNT/A activity that is similar to the values for relative EC₅₀, sensitivity, efficacy, well-defined upper asymptote, and/or a well-defined dose-response curve exhibited by cells from the same established clonal cell line, but from a prior passage or passages, where the same assay conditions and the same BoNT/A (or molecule) are used in both assays.

Cells from an established cell line disclosed in the present specification can exhibit consistent sensitivity to BoNT/A activity over a plurality of cell passages. As used herein, the term “sensitivity to BoNT/A activity” refers to the lowest dose that an assay can measure consistently above the signal detected by a non-treatment control or background signal.

Thus, in an embodiment, cells from the established clonal cell line exhibit a sensitivity for BoNT/A activity for any given passages that is e.g., 100 pM or less, about 80 pM or less, about 70 pM or less, about 60 pM or less, about 50 pM or less, about 40 pM or less, about 30 pM or less, about 20 pM or less, about 10 pM or less, about 1 pM or less, about 0.9 pM or less, about 0.8 pM or less, about 0.7 pM or less, about 0.6 pM or less, about 0.5 pM or less, about 0.4 pM or less, about 0.3 pM or less, about 0.2 pM or less, or about 0.1 pM or less of a BoNT/A. In aspects of this embodiment, cells from the established clonal cell line exhibit a sensitivity for BoNT/A activity for any given passages that is, e.g., about 0.01 pM to about 100 pM, about 0.01 pM to about 75 pM, about 0.01 pM to about 50 pM, about 0.01 pM to about 25 pM, about 0.01 pM to about 20 pM, about 0.01 pM to about 15 pM, about 0.01 pM to about 10 pM, about 0.01 pM to about 5 pM, about 0.001 pM to about 100 pM, about 0.001 pM to about 75 pM, about 0.001 pM to about 50 pM, about 0.001 pM to about 25 pM, about 0.001 pM to about 20 pM, about 0.001 pM to about 15 pM, about 0.001 pM to about 10 pM, or about 0.001 pM to about 5 pM of BoNT/A.

In another embodiment, cells from the established clonal cell line exhibit a sensitivity for BoNT/A activity that is about 100 pM or less, about 75 pM or less, about 50 pM or less, about 25 pM or less, less about 20 pM or less, about 15 pM or less, about 10 pM or less, or about 1 pM or less for, e.g., 5 or more cell passages, 10 or more cell passages, 15 or more cell passages, 20 or more cell passages, 25 or more cell passages, 30 or more cell passages, 35 or more cell passages, 40 or more cell passages, 45 or more cell passages, or 50 or more cell passages. In other aspects of this embodiment, cells from the established clonal cell line exhibit a sensitivity for BoNT/A activity that is about 100 pM or less, about 75 pM or less, about 50 pM or less, about 25 pM or less, less about 20 pM or less, about 15 pM or less, about 10 pM or less, or about 1 pM or less for, e.g., about 15 to about 60 passages, about 20 to about 60 passages, about 25 to about 60 passages, about 30 to about 60 passages, about 35 to about 60 passages, about 40 to about 60 passages, about 45 to about 60 passages, about 50 to about 60 passages, about 15 to about 50 passages, about 20 to about 50 passages, about 25 to about 50 passages, about 30 to about 50 passages, about 35 to about 50 passages, about 40 to about 50 passages, about 15 to about 40 passages, about 20 to about 40 passages, about 25 to about 40 passages, or about 30 to about 40 passages.

Cells from an established cell line disclosed in the present specification can exhibit a consistent relative efficacy of BoNT/A uptake, BoNT/A activity, or BoNT/A intoxication over a plurality of cell passages. As used herein, the term “relative efficacy” refers to how well the upper asymptote for the BoNT/A activity detected in the current assay run compares to the upper asymptote for the BoNT/A activity detected in a reference standard, a reference molecule, or a reference passage number used on that assay. As used herein, the term “signal to noise ratio for the upper asymptote” refers to the signal detected in an assay at the upper limit of detection divided by the signal detected by a non-treatment control or background signal. The upper limit of detection is the highest dose that an assay can measure consistently before saturation of the signal occurs.

Thus, in an embodiment, cells from an established cell line disclosed in the present specification can exhibit a well defined upper asymptote over a plurality of cell passages and maintain a signal to noise ratio that is consistent and adequate for the assay. In aspects of this embodiment, cells from an established cell line disclosed in the present specification must have a signal to noise ratio for the upper asymptote for BoNT/A activity of, e.g., at least 3:1, at least 4:1, at least 5:1, at least 6:1, at least 7:1, at least 8:1, at least 9:1, at least 10:1, at least 15:1, at least 20:1, at least 25:1, at least 30:1, at least 35:1, at least 40:1, at least 45:1, at least 50:1, at least 60:1, at least 70:1, at least 80:1, at least 90:1, or at least 100:1, at least 150:1, at least 200:1, at least 250:1, at least 300:1, at least 350:1, at least 400:1, at least 450:1, at least 500:1, at least 550:1, or at least 600:1, over, e.g., 5 or more cell passages, 10 or more cell passages, 15 or more cell passages, 20 or more cell passages, 25 or more cell passages, 30 or more cell passages, 35 or more cell passages, 40 or more cell passages, 45 or more cell passages, or 50 or more cell passages. In other aspects of this embodiment, cells from an established cell line disclosed in the present specification must have a signal to noise ratio for the upper asymptote for BoNT/A activity of, e.g., at least 3:1, at least 4:1, at least 5:1, at least 6:1, at least 7:1, at least 8:1, at least 9:1, at least 10:1, at least 15:1, at least 20:1, at least 25:1, at least 30:1, at least 35:1, at least 40:1, at least 45:1, at least 50:1, at least 60:1, at least 70:1, at least 80:1, at least 90:1, or at least 100:1, at least 150:1, at least 200:1, at least 250:1, at least 300:1, at least 350:1, at least 400:1, at least 450:1, at least 500:1, at least 550:1, or at least 600:1, over, e.g., about 15 to about 60 passages, about 20 to about 60 passages, about 25 to about 60 passages, about 30 to about 60 passages, about 35 to about 60 passages, about 40 to about 60 passages, about 45 to about 60 passages, about 50 to about 60 passages, about 15 to about 50 passages, about 20 to about 50 passages, about 25 to about 50 passages, about 30 to about 50 passages, about 35 to about 50 passages, about 40 to about 50 passages, about 15 to about 40 passages, about 20 to about 40 passages, about 25 to about 40 passages, or about 30 to about 40 passages.

Cells from an established cell line disclosed in the present specification can exhibit a well defined dose-response curve for BoNT/A activity over a plurality of cell passages. As used herein, the term “dose-response curve” refers to the how well the raw data fits the statistical model of choice for that assay. As a non-limiting example, a sigmoidal curve with a four parameter logistics fit is a dose-response curve for an enzymatic activity assay, such as, e.g., a potency assay. As another non-limiting example, a ligand binding with one site saturation fit is a dose-response curve for a ligand/antibody binding assay.

Thus, in an embodiment, cells from an established cell line disclosed in the present specification exhibit a well defined dose-response curve for BoNT/A activity over a plurality of cell passages. In aspects of this embodiment, cells from an established cell line disclosed in the present specification exhibit a well defined dose-response curve for BoNT/A activity over, e.g., 5 or more cell passages, 10 or more cell passages, 15 or more cell passages, 20 or more cell passages, 25 or more cell passages, 30 or more cell passages, 35 or more cell passages, 40 or more cell passages, 45 or more cell passages, or 50 or more cell passages. In other aspects of this embodiment, cells from an established cell line disclosed in the present specification exhibit a well defined dose-response curve for BoNT/A activity over, e.g., about 15 to about 60 passages, about 20 to about 60 passages, about 25 to about 60 passages, about 30 to about 60 passages, about 35 to about 60 passages, about 40 to about 60 passages, about 45 to about 60 passages, about 50 to about 60 passages, about 15 to about 50 passages, about 20 to about 50 passages, about 25 to about 50 passages, about 30 to about 50 passages, about 35 to about 50 passages, about 40 to about 50 passages, about 15 to about 40 passages, about 20 to about 40 passages, about 25 to about 40 passages, or about 30 to about 40 passages.

Cells from an established cell line disclosed in the present specification can exhibit a consistent relative EC₅₀value for BoNT/A activity over a plurality of cell passages. As used herein, the term “relative EC₅₀” or “relative EC₅₀value” refers to an EC₅₀value of BoNT/A activity that is normalized against the EC₅₀calculated for a reference standard, a reference molecule, or a reference passage number used on that assay.

Thus, in an embodiment, cells from an established clonal cell line exhibit a consistent relative EC₅₀for BoNT/A activity over a plurality of cell passages. In aspects of this embodiment, cells from an established clonal cell line exhibit a consistent relative EC₅₀for BoNT/A activity that is, e.g., about ±10%, about ±20%, about ±30%, about ±40%, about ±50%, about 60%, about 70%, or about ±75%, the relative EC₅₀for BoNT/A activity over, e.g., 5 or more cell passages, 10 or more cell passages, 15 or more cell passages, 20 or more cell passages, 25 or more cell passages, 30 or more cell passages, 35 or more cell passages, 40 or more cell passages, 45 or more cell passages, or 50 or more cell passages. In other aspects of this embodiment, cells from an established clonal cell line exhibit a relative EC₅₀for BoNT/A activity that is, e.g., about ±10% to about 75%, about ±10% to about 70%, about ±10% to about 60%, about ±10% to about 50%, about ±10% to about 40%, about ±10% to about 30%, or about ±10% to about 20% the relative EC₅₀for BoNT/A activity over, e.g., 5 or more cell passages, 10 or more cell passages, 15 or more cell passages, 20 or more cell passages, 25 or more cell passages, 30 or more cell passages, 35 or more cell passages, 40 or more cell passages, 45 or more cell passages, or 50 or more cell passages.

Aspects of the present disclosure comprise, in part, cells from an established clonal cell line susceptible to BoNT/A intoxication that exhibit at least a 1.5-fold difference in gene expression levels of one or more genes listed in Tables 5, 6, 7, or 8 as compared to the expression levels of these genes in cells from the 2D6 cell line. In other aspects of this embodiment, cells from an established clonal cell line susceptible to BoNT/A intoxication exhibit a difference in gene expression levels of one or more genes listed in Tables 5, 6, 7, or 8 of, e.g., at least a 1.5-fold, at least a 2.0-fold, at least a 2.5-fold, at least a 3.0-fold, at least a 3.5-fold, at least a 4.0-fold, at least a 4.5-fold, at least a 5.0-fold, at least a 5.5-fold, at least a 6.0-fold, at least a 7.0-fold, or at least a 8.0-fold as compared to the expression levels of these genes in cells from the 2D6 cell line. In other aspects of this embodiment, cells from an established clonal cell line susceptible to BoNT/A intoxication exhibit a difference in gene expression levels of, e.g., 2 or more genes, 3 or more genes, 4 or more genes, 5 or more genes, 6 or more genes, 7 or more genes, 8 or more genes, 9 or more genes, 10 or more genes, 20 or more genes, 30 or more genes, 40 or more genes, 50 or more genes, 60 or more genes, 70 or more genes, 80 or more genes, 90 or more genes, or 100 or more genes listed in Tables 5, 6, 7, or 8 as compared to the expression levels of these genes in cells from the 2D6 cell line. In yet other aspects, cells from an established clonal cell line susceptible to BoNT/A intoxication exhibit a difference in gene expression levels of, e.g., about 5 genes to about 100 genes, about 10 genes to about 100 genes, about 15 genes to about 100 genes, about 20 genes to about 100 genes, about 25 genes to about 100 genes, about 5 genes to about 75 genes, about 10 genes to about 75 genes, about 15 genes to about 75 genes, about 20 genes to about 75 genes, about 25 genes to about 75 genes, about 5 genes to about 50 genes, about 10 genes to about 50 genes, about 15 genes to about 50 genes, about 20 genes to about 50 genes, or about 25 genes to about 50 genes listed in Tables 5, 6, 7, or 8 as compared to the expression levels of these genes in cells from the 2D6 cell line. The log ratio in Tables 5, 6, 7, and 8 represent log₂values where 0.585 is log₂(1.5) which is a 1.5-fold difference, 1 is log₂(2) which is a 2-fold difference, 1.584 is log₂(3) which is a 3-fold difference, 2 is log₂(4) which is a 4-fold difference, 2.321 is log₂(5) which is a 5-fold difference, 2.584 is log₂(6) which is a 6-fold difference, 2.807 is log₂(7) which is a 7-fold difference, 3 is log₂(8) which is a 8-fold difference, 3.169 is log₂(9) which is a 9-fold difference, and 3.321 is log₂(10) which is a 10-fold difference.

In an embodiment, cells from an established clonal cell line susceptible to BoNT/A intoxication exhibit at least a 1.5-fold increase in gene expression levels of one or more genes listed in Tables 5 or 7 as compared to the expression levels of these genes in cells from the 2D6 cell line. In aspects of this embodiment, cells from an established clonal cell line susceptible to BoNT/A intoxication exhibit an increase in gene expression levels of one or more genes listed in Tables 5 or 7 of, e.g., at least a 2.0-fold, at least a 2.5-fold, at least a 3.0-fold, at least a 3.5-fold, at least a 4.0-fold, at least a 4.5-fold, at least a 5.0-fold, at least a 5.5-fold, at least a 6.0-fold, at least a 7.0-fold, or at least a 8.0-fold as compared to the expression levels of these genes in cells from the 2D6 cell line. In other aspects of this embodiment, cells from an established clonal cell line susceptible to BoNT/A intoxication exhibit an increase in gene expression levels of, e.g., 2 or more genes, 3 or more genes, 4 or more genes, 5 or more genes, 6 or more genes, 7 or more genes, 8 or more genes, 9 or more genes, 10 or more genes, 20 or more genes, 30 or more genes, 40 or more genes, 50 or more genes, 60 or more genes, 70 or more genes, 80 or more genes, 90 or more genes, or 100 or more genes listed in Tables 5 or 7 as compared to the expression levels of these genes in cells from the 2D6 cell line. In yet other aspects, cells from an established clonal cell line susceptible to BoNT/A intoxication exhibit an increase in gene expression levels of, e.g., about 5 genes to about 100 genes, about 10 genes to about 100 genes, about 15 genes to about 100 genes, about 20 genes to about 100 genes, about 25 genes to about 100 genes, about 5 genes to about 75 genes, about 10 genes to about 75 genes, about 15 genes to about 75 genes, about 20 genes to about 75 genes, about 25 genes to about 75 genes, about 5 genes to about 50 genes, about 10 genes to about 50 genes, about 15 genes to about 50 genes, about 20 genes to about 50 genes, or about 25 genes to about 50 genes listed in Tables 5 or 7 as compared to the expression levels of these genes in cells from the 2D6 cell line.

In an embodiment, cells from an established clonal cell line susceptible to BoNT/A intoxication exhibit at least a 1.5-fold increase in gene expression levels of one or more genes selected from A2BP1, ACO1, ACOT7, ACOT9, ACTL6A, ACTL6B, ADRBK2, AGPS, AIDA, AKAP13, ALCAM, ALDH7A1, AMOTL1, ANAPC7, ANKRD13A, ANKRD54, ANKS1B, ANLN, ANP32E, ANXA6, APAF1, APBB2, APOO, ARF3, ARHGAP11A, ARHGAP24, ARHGAP24, ARHGAP6, ARHGEF3, ARHGEF6, ARL13B, ARL6, ARL6IP1, ASCL1, ASF1A, ASF1B, ASXL3, ATAD2, ATP6V1A, AURKA, AURKB, BARD1, BASP1, BAX, BCL11A, BCR, BNC2, BOK, BRCA1, BRCA2, BRD4, BRI3BP, BRIP1, BTBD3, BTG3, BUB1, BUB1B, BUB3, BYES, C10ORF58, C10ORF78, C11ORF75, C12ORF48, C12ORF49, C14ORF106, C14ORF143, C15ORF23, C15ORF42, C18ORF54, C1ORF112, C1ORF183, C1ORF43, C1QL1, C20ORF108, C20ORF20, C20ORF7, C20ORF72, C22ORF28, C22ORF29, C22ORF39, C3ORF14, C3ORF70, C4ORF46, C4ORF49, C5ORF32, C6ORF115, C9ORF100, CARHSP1, CBLB, CBWD1, CBX5, CCDC109B, CCDC117, CCDC15, CCDC21, CCDC3, CCDC34, CCDC52, CCDC86, CCDC99, CCNB1, CCNE2, CCNF, CCNYL1, CD24, CD47, CD9, CDC2, CDC25B, CDC42EP4, CDC45L, CDC5L, CDC6, CDCA2, CDCA4, CDCA5, CDCA7, CDCA8, CDH2, CDK2, CDK2AP1, CDK6, CDKAL1, CDKN2C, CDKN2D, CDO1, CDS2, CECR5, CELSR3, CENPF, CENPH), CENPI, CENPJ, CENPK, CENPL, CENPM, CENPN, CENPO, CEP135, CEP152, CEP55, CEP78, CEP97, CHAF1A, CHD6, CHEK1, CHEK2, CHMP4B, CHRNA3, CHRNA7, CHST15, CIT, CKAP2, CKAP2L, CKLF, CKS1B, CLDND1, CLSTN2, CMTM7, CNN3, CNOT4, CNP, CNTN1, CNTN4, COBLL1, COQ3, CPNE4, CPT1A, CPVL, CRISPLD1, CRTAC1, CRYBG3, CRYZ, CSE1L, CSRP2, CSRP2BP, CSTF1, CTDSPL2, CTNNBL1, CTSL2, CUGBP2, CXCR4, CYTSA, DACT1, DAZ1, DBF4B, DBH, DCLRE1B, DCPS, DDAH2, DDT, DEK, DENR, DEPDC1, DEPDC1B, DERA, DGCR14, DGKE, DHX15, DHX35, DIAPH1, DIAPH3, DKFZP434L187, DLEU2, DLGAP5, DLL3, DLX6, DNA2, DNM3, DNMT3B, DOCK10, DOK4, DOK5, DPF1, DPYD, DPYSL3, DRAM1, DRG1, DSCC1, DSN1, DTL, DTNBP1, DTYMK, DVL2, DYNLT3, DYRK4, E2F1, E2F2, E2F7, E2F8, EAF2, EBF1, ECT2, EFNA5, EFNB2, ELAVL4, ELOVL7, EME1, EMILIN2, EMILIN3, EML1, ENC1, EPB41L5, EPOR, ERCC6L, ESCO2, ESF1, ESPL1, ETS1, ETV1, EXO1, EXOC5, EXOSC6, EXPH5, EZH2, FAM101B, FAM105A, FAM110A, FAM114A1, FAM118A, FAM120C, FAM129B, FAM13A, FAM162B, FAM181B, FAM19A4, FAM19A5, FAM54A, FAM64A, FAM7A3, FAM83D, FANCG, FANCI, FANCL, FANCM, FARP1, FAT1, FBLN1, FBN1, FBP1, FBXO43, FBXO5, FEN1, FGFR2, FH, FIGNL1, FKBP5, FNDC5, FOXD1, FOXN3, FRMD6, FRZB, FSTL1, FZD2, FZD5, FZD8, G2E3, GABBR2, GAP43, GAP43, GAS2L3, GATM, GEMIN4, GFPT2, GFRA1, GFRA2, GGCX, GINS1, GINS3, GJC1, GLDC, GMNN, GNAI1, GNASAS, GNB4, GNG11, GNG12, GNG4, GPAM, GPN3, GPR125, GPR161, GPSM2, GPX3, GRP, GSG2, GSS, GSTCD, GTSE1, GTSF1, GXYLT1, H1F0, H2AFX, HAT1, HAUS6, HDAC8, HEG1, HES6, HGF, HIC2, HMG4L, HMGB1, HMGB2, HMGB3, HMGXB4, HMMR, HOOK3, HPS4, HRH3, HS3ST2, HS6ST2, HSPB11, HTATSF1, IDH2, IFI27L1, IQGAP1, ITGA6, ITGAV, ITGB5, ITPRIP, JARID2, KCNG3, KCNJ8, KCNN1, KCTD12, KDELC2, KHDRBS3, KIAA0101, KIAA0406, KIAA1211, KIAA1524, KIF11, KIF14, KIF16B, KIF18A, KIF23, KIFC1, KLF7, KLHL13, KLHL5, KNTC1, KPNA2, LBH, LGR5, LHFPL2, LIFR, LIG3, LMF2, LMNB1, LOC100127983, LOC100128844, LOC100288551, LOC340109, LOC344595, LOC440288, LOC642597, LOC728052, LPAR1, LRFN2, LRRC1, LSM4, LUM, MAB21L1, MAB21L2, MAGEH1, MAN1A1, MAN2A1, MAOA, MAP3K13, MAPK11, MAPK12, MAPKAPK3, MASTL, MBD2, MCAM, MCM10, MCM3, MCM4, MCM5, MCM6, MCM7, MCM8, MDC1, MDM1, MED20, MEIS1, MEIS2, MELK, MEST, MFAP2, MGAT5B, MINA, MKI67, MKL1, MLF1IP, MMD, MNS1, MPHOSPH9, MPP5, MPPED2, MRC2, MRPL35, MRPL49, MRS2, MSN, MTF2, MTHFD1, MTUS1, MVK, MYBL1, MYBL2, MYD88, MYO1B, MYO6, MYST1, NAAA, NAGA, NANP, NARG1, NASP, NAT11, NAT13, NCAPD3, NCAPG, NCAPG2, NCAPH, NCAPH2, NDN, NEDD1, NEDD9, NEIL3, NELL2, NFIB, NOC4L, NOS1, NR3C1, NRG3, NRM, NRXN1, NSMCE4A, NTAN1, NUCKS1, NUDT1, NUF2, NUP107, NUP37, NUP43, NUP50, NUP93, NUSAP1, NXPH1, NXT2, ODZ3, ODZ4, OIP5, ORC1L, ORC6L, OSBPL3, PAICS, PANK2, PARP3, PASK, PBK, PCDH17, PCDH8, PCGF5, PCNA, PDCL, PDE5A, PDLIM5, PDRG1, PEG3, PELI2, PELO, PEX13, PEX26, PFKFB3, PGAM5, PGM2, PHF19, PHF20, PHF21B, PHF5A, PHLPP1, PHYHIPL, PI4KA, PIP4K2A, PIR, PKMYT1, PLCL2, PLD5, PLEKHF2, PLK2, PLK4, PLS3, PLXNA2, PLXNA4, PLXNB2, PM20D2, POLA1, POLA2, POLE, POLE2, POLQ, POSTN, PPAP2B, PPAT, PPIF, PPIL5, PPM1F, PPP1R13B, PPP1R3C, PPP2R2B, PPP3CB, PRIM1, PRIM2, PRLHR, PRPS1, PRSS12, PSMA7, PSMC3IP, PSMD5, PSMD9, PSRC1, PTER, PTGES2, PTGFRN, PTGR1, PTPRE, PTPRG, PTPRK, PTPRM, PTTG1, PVRL3, PXMP4, PXN, RAB35, RAB3B, RAD18, RAD51, RAD51C, RALY, RAN, RANBP1, RANGAP1, RASEF, RBBP7, RBBP9, RBL1, RBPMS, RBX1, RECQL4, REEP1, RELB, RELL1, REXO2, RFC1, RFC2, RFC3, RFC4, RFC5, RGMA, RGS5, RILPL2, RIMBP2, RMI1, RNASEH2A, RNF182, RNF26, RNF34, RPA1, RPP30, RRM1, RRM2, RRP7A, RSRC1, S1PR3, SALL4, SAP30, SASS6, SBF2, SCD5, SCML1, SCML2, SDC1, SEC23A, SEC61A2, SELM, SEMA6A, SEMA6D, SESN3, SEZ6L, SFI1, SFRP1, SGOL2, SH3D19, SHCBP1, SHMT1, SHOX2, SIM1, SIVA1, SKA1, SKA2, SKA3, SKP2, SLC25A10, SLC26A2, SLC2A4RG, SLC2A8, SLC43A3, SLC44A5, SLC7A2, SLC8A1, SLCO3A1, SLIT3, SLITRK5, SLK, SLMO2, SMC1A, SMC2, SMC4, SMC6, SMO, SMYD5, SNAI2, SNAP29, SNCAIP, SNRPD3, SNX18, SNX5, SORD, SOX4, SPAG6, SPARC, SPATS2L, SPC24, SPC25, SPOCK1, SPSB4, SRGAP1, SRRD, SRRM4, SSH2, ST8SIA1, ST8SIA2, ST8SIA4, STARD4, STIL, STK17A, STMN3, STOM, STON2, STRA6, SUSD5, SUV39H1, SVIP, SYN2, SYNE2, SYNM, SYT17, SYTL4, TBC1D1, TBX3, TCF19, TCF7L2, TCFL5, TDRKH, TEAD3, TESC, TFDP1, TFDP2, TFPI2, TH1L, THOC4, TIFA, TIMP3, TLE3, TLE4, TMCC3, TMEM107, TMEM132C, TMEM151B, TMEM170B, TMEM178, TMEM194A, TMEM38B, TMEM48, TMEM56, TMEM98, TMPO, TMSB15B, TNFAIP8, TOB2, TOMM34, TPBG, TPTE, TPX2, TRIM29, TRIM36, TRIM68, TRIM9, TRIP13, TROAP, TSHZ3, TSPAN14, TSPAN4, TSPAN5, TTC28, TTC9, TUBA1B, TUBB, TWIST1, TXNRD1, TYMS, TYRO3, UBE2C, UBE2L3, UBE2V1, UBE3B, UCK1, UCP2, UFD1L, UHRF1, UNC119B, UNG, UQCC, USP1, USP48, UTP18, VAPB, VAV3, VPS29, VSTM2L, WDHD1, WDR51A, WDR53, WDR62, WDR67, WEE1, WEE1, WHSC1, WRAP53, WWC3, XRCC4, XRCC6, ZAK, ZFHX4, ZFP82, ZGPAT, ZNF215, ZNF217, ZNF238, ZNF253, ZNF280B, ZNF367, ZNF43, ZNF443, ZNF503, ZNF521, ZNF560, ZNF608, ZNF626, ZNF681, ZNF71, ZNF823, ZNF85, ZNF92, ZNF93, and/or ZWINT, as compared to the expression levels of these genes in cells from the 2D6 cell line.

In an aspect of this embodiment, cells from an established clonal cell line susceptible to BoNT/A intoxication exhibit at least a 1.5-fold increase in gene expression levels of one or more genes selected from A2BP1, ACOT9, ALCAM, ANLN, ARHGAP24, ARHGAP6, ARHGEF3, ARHGEF6, ASCL1, ASF1B, ATAD2, AURKA, AURKB, BARD1, BASP1, BNC2, BRCA2, BRIP1, BTG3, BUB1, BUB1B, BYES, C11ORF75, C12ORF48, C14ORF106, C15ORF42, C18ORF54, C1ORF112, C3ORF70, C4ORF49, CCDC109B, CCDC3, CCNB1, CCNE2, CD9, CDC2, CDC25B, CDC45L, CDC6, CDCA2, CDCA5, CDCA8, CDK2, CDKN2D, CENPF, CENPI, CENPL, CENPN, CEP55, CHEK1, CHEK2, CHRNA7, CIT, CKAP2L, CLSTN2, CNTN1, CNTN4, CPVL, CRYBG3, CSRP2, CTSL2, CUGBP2, CXCR4, DAZ1, DEPDC1, DEPDC1B, DIAPH3, DLGAP5, DNA2, DOK5, DPYD, DPYSL3, DSCC1, DSN1, DTL, DYNLT3, E2F1, E2F2, E2F7, E2F8, ECT2, EFNB2, ELOVL7, EME1, EMILIN2, EMILIN3, EML1, ENC1, ERCC6L, ESCO2, ESPL1, ETV1, EXO1, EXPH5, FAM101B, FAM114A1, FAM54A, FAM64A, FAM7A3, FAM83D, FANCI, FAT1, FBLN1, FBP1, FBXO43, FGFR2, FNDC5, FOXD1, FRMD6, FRZB, FZD5, GAS2L3, GFRA2, GINS1, GINS3, GNAI1, GNB4, GNG11, GNG12, GPSM2, GRP, GTSE1, GTSF1, HGF, HMMR, HS3ST2, ITGA6, ITPRIP, KCNG3, KCTD12, KDELC2, KIAA0101, KIAA1524, KIF11, KIF14, KIF18A, KIF23, KIFC1, LOC340109, LOC642597, LOC728052, LOC728052, LPAR1, LUM, MAB21L1, MAB21L2, MAOA, MCM10, MCM5, MELK, MINA, MKI67, MLF1IP, MPPED2, MRC2, MSN, MYBL1, MYBL2, MYO6, NCAPG, NCAPH, NDN, NEDD9, NEIL3, NR3C1, NRXN1, NUF2, NUSAP1, OIP5, ORC1L, OSBPL3, PBK, PCGF5, PDE5A, PEG3, PELO, PFKFB3, PHLPP1, PLD5, PLK2, PLK4, PLS3, POLA2, POLE2, POLQ, PPAP2B, PPP1R3C, PRLHR, PRSS12, PSRC1, PTGR1, PTPRE, PTPRK, PTPRM, PTTG1, PVRL3, RAD51, RBL1, RBPMS, RELL1, RFC5, RGMA, RGS5, RNF182, RRM2, S1PR3, SGOL2, SHCBP1, SHOX2, SIM1, SKA1, SLC43A3, SLC44A5, SLC7A2, SLITRK5, SMC2, SMC6, SPAG6, SPARC, SPC24, SPC25, ST8SIA4, STK17A, SUSD5, SYN2, SYNM, SYT17, TCF19, TESC, TFDP2, TFPI2, TIMP3, TLE3, TMEM132C, TMEM178, TNFAIP8, TPBG, TPTE, TPX2, TRIM29, TRIM36, TRIM68, TROAP, TWIST1, TYMS, UBE2C, UBE3B, UHRF1, WDHD1, WDR51A, WDR67, WEE1, ZFP82, ZNF367, ZNF521, and/or ZWINT, as compared to the expression levels of these genes in cells from the 2D6 cell line.

In another aspect of this embodiment, cells from an established clonal cell line susceptible to BoNT/A intoxication exhibit at least a 1.5-fold increase in gene expression levels of one or more genes selected from A2BP1, ALCAM, ANLN, ARHGAP24, ARHGAP6, ASCL1, ASF1B, ATAD2, AURKA, AURKB, BARD1, BASP1, BNC2, BRIP1, BUB1, BYES, C11ORF75, C12ORF48, C14ORF106, C18ORF54, C3ORF70, CCDC109B, CCDC3, CD9, CDC2, CDC45L, CDCA2, CDCA8, CDK2, CENPL, CEP55, CHEK2, CHRNA7, CKAP2L, CNTN1, CRYBG3, CUGBP2, CXCR4, DAZ1, DEPDC1, DIAPH3, DLGAP5, DOK5, DPYD, DTL, DYNLT3, E2F1, E2F7, E2F8, EFNB2, ELOVL7, EMILIN2, EML1, ENC1, ESPL1, ETV1, EXO1, EXPH5, FAM54A, FAM64A, FAM7A3, FAM83D, FANCI, FAT1, FBLN1, FBXO43, FGFR2, FZD5, GNAI1, GNB4, GNG11, GNG12, GPSM2, GRP, GTSE1, GTSF1, HGF, HMMR, ITGA6, ITPRIP, KCTD12, KDELC2, KIF11, KIF14, KIF18A, KIF23, KIFC1, LOC340109, LOC728052, LPAR1, LUM, MAB21L1, MAB21L2, MAOA, MCM10, MELK, MINA, MKI67, MSN, MYBL1, NCAPH, NDN, NEDD9, NEIL3, NRXN1, NUF2, NUSAP1, OIP5, ORC1L, OSBPL3, PBK, PCGF5, PEG3, PEG3, PHLPP1, PLD5, PLK2, PLK4, PLS3, POLE2, PPAP2B, PPP1R3C, PRLHR, PRSS12, PTPRE, PTPRK, PTPRM, RBPMS, RELL1, RGS5, RNF182, RRM2, S1PR3, SGOL2, SHCBP1, SHOX2, SIM1, SLC43A3, SLC44A5, SLC7A2, SLITRK5, SMC6, SPAG6, SPARC, SPC24, SPC25, ST8SIA4, STK17A, SYT17, TFPI2, TIMP3, TMEM132C, TMEM178, TPBG, TPTE, TPX2, TRIM36, TWIST1, UBE3B, and/or ZNF367, as compared to the expression levels of these genes in cells from the 2D6 cell line.

In yet another aspect of this embodiment, cells from an established clonal cell line susceptible to BoNT/A intoxication exhibit at least a 1.5-fold increase in gene expression levels of one or more genes selected from A2BP1, ARHGAP24, ARHGAP6, ASCL1, ASF1B, ATAD2, AURKA, BARD1, BASP1, BNC2, BUB1, BYES, C11ORF75, CCDC3, CHEK2, CHRNA7, CKAP2L, CNTN1, CRYBG3, CUGBP2, CUGBP2, CXCR4, DAZ1, DEPDC1, DIAPH3, DLGAP5, DOK5, DPYD, DTL, DYNLT3, E2F8, EFNB2, ELOVL7, ENC1, EXPH5, FAM7A3, FANCI, FAT1, FBLN1, FGFR2, GNAI1, GNB4, GNG11, GNG12, GRP, GTSE1, GTSF1, HMMR, ITGA6, ITPRIP, KCTD12, KDELC2, LOC728052, LPAR1, LUM, MAB21L1, MAB21L2, MAOA, MCM10, MELK, MINA, MKI67, MSN, MYBL1, NDN, NEDD9, NRXN1, OSBPL3, PEG3, PLK2, PLS3, PRLHR, PRSS12, PTPRK, PTPRM, RBPMS, RGS5, RNF182, RRM2, SGOL2, SIM1, SLC43A3, SLC44A5, SLC7A2, SMC6, SPAG6, SPARC, STK17A, TFPI2, TIMP3, TMEM132C, TMEM178, and/or TPTE, as compared to the expression levels of these genes in cells from the 2D6 cell line.

In another embodiment, cells from an established clonal cell line susceptible to BoNT/A intoxication exhibit at least a 1.5-fold increase in gene expression levels of one or more genes selected from ADAMTS9, ATAD2, C11ORF82, CDC45L, CNTN1, CNTN4, Cyclin A, Cyclin E, E2F1, E2F2, E2F7, ELOVL7, EME1, FGFR, FGFR2, KIAA1524, MELK, MYBL1, MYBL2, NDC80, NDN, ORC1L, PLS3, PRIMA1, RAD54L, RBL1, RBPMS, RRM2, S1PR3, SCLY, SLCIA3, SPC24, SPC25, ST8SIA4, TFDP1, TFP12, TK1, TMEM35, TTK, TWIST1, TYMS, TYK, and/or ZWINT, as compared to the expression levels of these genes in cells from the 2D6 cell line.

In yet another embodiment, cells from an established clonal cell line susceptible to BoNT/A intoxication exhibit at least a 1.5-fold increase in gene expression levels of one or more genes selected from AURKB, BIRC5, BRCA1, BRCA2, BRIP1, BUB1B, CD9, DLGAP3, DYNLT3, ENC1, FBLN1, FOXM1, Gβγ, GNAI1, GNG11, GNG12, GPSM2, GUCY1B3, HGF, ITGA6, JNK, KCNJ5, KIF18A, KITLG, MMD, MSN, MYRIP, NEK2, NR3C1, NXPH1, OSBPL3, PKMYT1, PTPRM, RAD51, RAD51AP1, SLC7A2, SLC43A3, SMC6, SNAI2, SNCAIP, SSH2, STK17A, SYNPO2, TOP2A, TPTE, TRAF4, TSPAN, TSPAN4, UBE3, UBE3B, and/or VAV3, as compared to the expression levels of these genes in cells from the 2D6 cell line. In still another embodiment, cells from an established clonal cell line susceptible to BoNT/A intoxication exhibit at least a 1.5-fold increase in gene expression levels of one or more genes selected from ALCAM, AURKA, CHEK, CIT, CSRP2, E2F, ECT2, EFNB2, ERK, ESPL1, GNAI, GPR161, HMMR, KIF4A, KIF14, KIF15, KIF22, KIF23, KIFC1, LPAR1, MK167, OIP5, PHLPP, PP1/PP2A, PPP1R3C, PRC1, PTTG1, RACGAP, RB, RGS5, SDC2, and/or TPX2, as compared to the expression levels of these genes in cells from the 2D6 cell line.

In another embodiment, cells from an established clonal cell line susceptible to BoNT/A intoxication exhibit at least a 1.5-fold increase in gene expression levels of one or more genes selected from ASCL1, HES6, MAPK, NMU, PEG3, PTPRK, PRLHR, PTPRK, SGOL2, SPARC, and/or ZNF217, as compared to the expression levels of these genes in cells from the 2D6 cell line. In yet another embodiment, cells from an established clonal cell line susceptible to BoNT/A intoxication exhibit at least a 1.5-fold increase in gene expression levels of one or more genes selected from ASF1B, BASP1, CHAF1A, NCAPH, PBK, PRAME, SMC2, UHRF1, and/or VRK1, as compared to the expression levels of these genes in cells from the 2D6 cell line. In still another embodiment, cells from an established clonal cell line susceptible to BoNT/A intoxication exhibit at least a 1.5-fold increase in gene expression levels of one or more genes selected from C14ORF106, CEP72, KIF20A, PCNA, PEX13, PFC5, POLQ, SPAG5, SYTL4, TROAP, and/or WDR51A, as compared to the expression levels of these genes in cells from the 2D6 cell line. In a further embodiment, cells from an established clonal cell line susceptible to BoNT/A intoxication exhibit at least a 1.5-fold increase in gene expression levels of one or more genes selected from ANLN, ARHGAP24, ASPM, BUB1, CCDC99, CEP55, CKAP2, DRAM, E2F8, PLXNA2, SLC16A10, UBE2C, UBE2S, and/or WDHD1, as compared to the expression levels of these genes in cells from the 2D6 cell line.

In another embodiment, cells from an established clonal cell line susceptible to BoNT/A intoxication exhibit at least a 1.5-fold increase in gene expression levels of one or more genes selected from ARHGEF3, CTSL2, DIAPH3, FBP1, KIF2C, KIF11, PFKFB3, and/or PLK4, as compared to the expression levels of these genes in cells from the 2D6 cell line. In yet another embodiment, cells from an established clonal cell line susceptible to BoNT/A intoxication exhibit at least a 1.5-fold increase in gene expression levels of one or more genes selected from ARHGEF3, CTSL2, DIAPH3, FBP1, KIF2C, KIF11, PFKFB3, and/or PLK4, as compared to the expression levels of these genes in cells from the 2D6 cell line. In still another embodiment, cells from an established clonal cell line susceptible to BoNT/A intoxication exhibit at least a 1.5-fold increase in gene expression levels of one or more genes selected from FNDC5, HSPC159, MAB21L2, SLITRK5, SYN2, and/or ZNF367, as compared to the expression levels of these genes in cells from the 2D6 cell line. In a further another embodiment, cells from an established clonal cell line susceptible to BoNT/A intoxication exhibit at least a 1.5-fold increase in gene expression levels of one or more genes selected from EXO1, KCTD12, MYO6, PHEBL1, SHCBP1, TPBG, and/or TUBB6, as compared to the expression levels of these genes in cells from the 2D6 cell line. In yet another embodiment, cells from an established clonal cell line susceptible to BoNT/A intoxication exhibit at least a 1.5-fold increase in gene expression levels of one or more genes selected from BTG3, GABRA5, TR1P10, and/or ZNF521, as compared to the expression levels of these genes in cells from the 2D6 cell line. In still another embodiment, cells from an established clonal cell line susceptible to BoNT/A intoxication exhibit at least a 1.5-fold increase in gene expression levels of one or more genes selected from BNC2, DPYD, EMILIN2, PPIL5, and/or TACC3, as compared to the expression levels of these genes in cells from the 2D6 cell line.

In another embodiment, cells from an established clonal cell line susceptible to BoNT/A intoxication exhibit at least a 1.5-fold difference in gene expression levels of one or more genes listed in Tables 14 or 16 as compared to the expression levels levels of these genes in cells from the 2D6 cell line. In an aspect of this embodiment, cells from an established clonal cell line susceptible to BoNT/A intoxication exhibit at least a 1.5-fold increase in gene expression levels of one or more genes selected from ACOT9, ADAMTS9, ARHGAP24, ARHGEF3, ASCL1, BARD1, BASP1, C3ORF70, C11ORF75, CCDC109B, CD9, CDCA7L, CDK2, CENPL, CLSTN2, CNTN1, CSRP2, CTSL2, CUGBP2, DEPDC1, DIAPH3, DOK5, DPYD, DYNLT3, EMILIN2, ETV1, FAM101B, FBLN1, FGFR2, FNDC5, GNAI1, GNB4, GNG11, GNG12, GPR177, GTSE1, HGF, KITLG, LPAR1, MAB21L2, MAOA, MCM10, MINA, MSN, MYO6, MYRIP, PAG1, PEG3, PLK2, POLA2, PPP1R3C, PRLHR, PRSS12, PTGR1, PTPRK, PVRL3, RAB32, RBPMS, SDC2, SGOL2, SLC43A3, SLC7A2, SMC2, SMC6, SPARC, SPC25, ST8SIA4, TCF7L1, TFPI2, TMEM35, TMEM178, TNFAIP8, TPTE, TRIP10, TWIST1, and/or ZNF521, as compared to the expression levels of these genes in cells from the 2D6 cell line. In another aspect of this embodiment, cells from an established clonal cell line susceptible to BoNT/A intoxication exhibit at least a 1.5-fold increase in gene expression levels of one or more genes selected from ADAMTS9, ARHGAP24, ASCL1, BARD1, BASP1, BYES, C11ORF75, CDCA7L, CNTN1, CUGBP2, DOK5, DPYD, DYNLT3, FBLN1, FGFR2, GNAI1, GNB4, GNG11, GNG12, GTSE1, GTSF1, ITPRIP, KDELC2, LOC728052, LPAR1, MAB21L2, MAOA, MINA, MSN, PEG3, PLK2, PRLHR, PRSS12, PTPRK, RBPMS, RNF182, SGOL2, SLC43A3, SLC44A5, SLC7A2, SMC6, SPARC, TFPI2, TMEM178, and/or TPTE, as compared to the expression levels of these genes in cells from the 2D6 cell line. In yet another aspect of this embodiment, cells from an established clonal cell line susceptible to BoNT/A intoxication exhibit at least a 1.5-fold increase in gene expression levels of one or more genes selected from ADAMTS9, ASCL1, BASP1, DOK5, DPYD, GNB4, GNG11, GTSF1, MAOA, MINA, MSN, PEG3, PLK2, PRSS12, RNF182, SLC44A5, SPARC, TFPI2, and/or TPTE, as compared to the expression levels of these genes in cells from the 2D6 cell line.

In yet another embodiment, cells from an established clonal cell line susceptible to BoNT/A intoxication exhibit at least a 1.5-fold increase in gene expression levels of one or more genes selected from ADAMTS9, ARHGAP24, ARHGEF3, ASCL1, BARD1, CD9, CDK2, CSRP2, CTSL2, DIAPH3, DOK5, DYNLT3, EMILIN2, ETV1, FBLN1, FGFR2, GNAI1, GNB4, GNG11, GNG12, HGF, KITLG, LPAR1, MCM10, MSN, PAG1, PEG3, PLK2, POLA2, PPP1R3C, PTPRK, RAB32, SDC2, SLC43A3, SLC7A2, SMC6, SPARC, SPC25, ST8SIA4, TCF7L1, TFPI2, TMEM35, TNFAIP8, TPTE, TRIP10, and/or TWIST1, as compared to the expression levels of these genes in cells from the 2D6 cell line. In an aspect of this embodiment, cells from an established clonal cell line susceptible to BoNT/A intoxication exhibit at least a 1.5-fold increase in gene expression levels of one or more genes selected from ADAMTS9, ARHGAP24, ASCL1, BARD1, DOK5, DYNLT3, FBLN1, FGFR2, GNAI1, GNB4, GNG11, GNG12, LPAR1, MSN, PEG3, PLK2, PTPRK, SLC43A3, SLC7A2, SMC6, SPARC, TFPI2, and/or TPTE, as compared to the expression levels of these genes in cells from the 2D6 cell line. In another aspect of this embodiment, cells from an established clonal cell line susceptible to BoNT/A intoxication exhibit at least a 1.5-fold increase in gene expression levels of one or more genes selected from ADAMTS9, ASCL1, DOK5, GNB4, GNG11, MSN, PEG3, PLK2, SPARC, TFPI2, and/or TPTE, as compared to the expression levels of these genes in cells from the 2D6 cell line.

In still another embodiment, cells from an established clonal cell line susceptible to BoNT/A intoxication exhibit at least a 1.5-fold increase in gene expression levels of one or more genes selected from ACOT9, BASP1, C11ORF75, CCDC109B, CDCA7L, CLSTN2, CNTN1, CUGBP2, DEPDC1, DPYD, FAM101B, FNDC5, GTSE1, MAOA, MINA, MYO6, MYRIP, PLK2, PRLHR, PVRL3, RBPMS, SGOL2, SMC2, TFP12, TMEM178, and/or ZNF521, as compared to the expression levels of these genes in cells from the 2D6 cell line. In an aspect of this embodiment, cells from an established clonal cell line susceptible to BoNT/A intoxication exhibit at least a 1.5-fold increase in gene expression levels of one or more genes selected from BASP1, C11ORF75, CDCA7L, CNTN1, CUGBP2, DPYD, GTSE1, MAOA, MINA, PLK2, PRLHR, RBPMS, SGOL2, TFPI2, and/or TMEM178, as compared to the expression levels of these genes in cells from the 2D6 cell line. In another aspect of this embodiment, cells from an established clonal cell line susceptible to BoNT/A intoxication exhibit at least a 1.5-fold increase in gene expression levels of one or more genes selected from BASP1, DPYD, MAOA, MINA, PLK2, and/or TFPI2, as compared to the expression levels of these genes in cells from the 2D6 cell line.

In a further embodiment, cells from an established clonal cell line susceptible to BoNT/A intoxication exhibit at least a 1.5-fold increase in gene expression levels of one or more genes selected from C3ORF70, MAB21L2, PRSS12, CENPL, GPR177, and/or PTGR1, as compared to the expression levels of these genes in cells from the 2D6 cell line. In an aspect of this embodiment, cells from an established clonal cell line susceptible to BoNT/A intoxication exhibit at least a 1.5-fold increase in gene expression levels of one or more genes selected from MAB21L2 and/or PRSS12, as compared to the expression levels of these genes in cells from the 2D6 cell line.

In another embodiment, cells from an established clonal cell line susceptible to BoNT/A intoxication exhibit at least a 1.5-fold decrease in gene expression levels of one or more genes listed in Tables 6 or 8 as compared to the expression levels of these genes in cells from a 2D6 cell line. In other aspects of this embodiment, cells from an established clonal cell line susceptible to BoNT/A intoxication exhibit a decrease in gene expression levels of one or more genes listed in Tables 6 or 8 of, e.g., at least a 1.5-fold, at least a 2.0-fold, at least a 2.5-fold, at least a 3.0-fold, at least a 3.5-fold, at least a 4.0-fold, at least a 4.5-fold, at least a 5.0-fold, at least a 5.5-fold, at least a 6.0-fold, at least a 7.0-fold, or at least a 8.0-fold as compared to the expression levels of these genes in cells from a 2D6 cell line. In other aspects of this embodiment, cells from an established clonal cell line susceptible to BoNT/A intoxication exhibit a decrease in gene expression levels of, e.g., 2 or more genes, 3 or more genes, 4 or more genes, 5 or more genes, 6 or more genes, 7 or more genes, 8 or more genes, 9 or more genes, 10 or more genes, 20 or more genes, 30 or more genes, 40 or more genes, 50 or more genes, 60 or more genes, 70 or more genes, 80 or more genes, 90 or more genes, or 100 or more genes listed in Tables 6 or 8 as compared to the expression levels of these genes in cells from the 2D6 cell line. In yet other aspects of this embodiment, cells from an established clonal cell line susceptible to BoNT/A intoxication exhibit an decrease in gene expression levels of, e.g., about 5 genes to about 100 genes, about 10 genes to about 100 genes, about 15 genes to about 100 genes, about 20 genes to about 100 genes, about 25 genes to about 100 genes, about 5 genes to about 75 genes, about 10 genes to about 75 genes, about 15 genes to about 75 genes, about 20 genes to about 75 genes, about 25 genes to about 75 genes, about 5 genes to about 50 genes, about 10 genes to about 50 genes, about 15 genes to about 50 genes, about 20 genes to about 50 genes, or about 25 genes to about 50 genes listed in Tables 6 or 8 as compared to the expression levels of these genes in cells from the 2D6 cell line.

In another embodiment, cells from an established clonal cell line susceptible to BoNT/A intoxication exhibit at least a 1.5-fold decrease in gene expression levels of one or more genes selected from AATK, ABCA2, ABCC5, ABCC8, ABR, ABTB1, ACOT1, ACRBP, ACRV1, ACYP2, ADARB1, ADCY1, ADM, AFF1, AGAP4, AGPAT3, AGXT2L2, AHI1, AKAP9, AKIRIN1, AKT2, AMH, ANK2, ANK3, ANKHD1, ANKRD17, ANKRD50, ANKS1A, AQP1, ARF1, ARHGAP1, ARHGAP23, ARL17A, ASAM, ASPHD1, ATP2B3, ATP2B3, ATP6V0A1, ATP8B2, ATP9A, BACE1, BACH2, BLZF1, BPTF, BRUNOL4, BRUNOL5, BRWD1, BRWD2, BTBD18, BTN3A3, BZRAP1, C14ORF159, C15ORF24, C15ORF57, C16ORF52, C17ORF28, C1ORF21, C1ORF21, C1ORF50, C21ORF57, C21ORF59, C21ORF66, C2CD2, C2CD4A, C2ORF60, C2ORF68, C3ORF23, C4ORF41, C5ORF42, C6ORF154, C6ORF52, C7ORF28B, C7ORF54, C9ORF150, C9ORF68, CACNA1D, CALY, CAMK2B, CAMK2N2, CAP2, CAPN2, CARTPT, CBS, CCDC104, CCDC50, CCDC76, CD151, CD163L1, CD302, CDC42EP1, CDH10, CDH12, CDKN1C, CDKN2A, CDS1, CFC1, CHD5, CLCN3, CLDN12, CLIP4, CLMN, CNGA3, CNNM1, CNOT6L, COL6A1, COPA, CPNE8, CRKRS, CRTC1, CRYGS, CSTB, CTSK, CUL4A, CYGB, CYLD, CYP2E1, CYP3A5, CYTL1, D4S234E, DCLK1, DCTD, DEPDC6, DHX36, DIP2A, DIS3, DKFZP547G183, DNAJC22, DTNA, DTWD1, DUSP16, DUSP5, DVL3, EFNB3, EIF3C, ELFN2, ENOSF1, ERAP1, ERBB2, ERBB4, ERMAP, ETFDH, EXOSC6, FADS3, FAM120AOS, FAM150B, FAM165B, FAM184B, FAM30A, FAM46A, FAM66C, FAT4, FBRSL1, FBXW7, FGD5, FGF13, FLJ33630, FNBP1, FOXO6, FUBP3, GAL, GAL, GLT25D2, GNAS, GOLGA8A, GPR123, GPX7, GRIA2, GRIP2, GRM5, GUCY1A3, H2AFY, HCG 1776018, HCG 2022304, HCN4, HEATR1, HELQ, HERC4, HERPUD2, HEXDC, HGSNAT, HIST1H2AC, HIST1H2AE, HIST1H2BD, HIST1H2BK, HIST1H3I, HIST2H2BE, HIVEP3, HNRNPM, HNRNPR, HPCAL1, HPCAL4, HSPD1, IER3, IL10RB, IL17B, INTU, JMY, KAT2B, KATNB1, KBTBD11, KCNMA1, KCNQ2, KCNS2, KCTD13, KHDC1, KIAA0125, KIAA1370, KIAA1598, KIF1A, KIF5C, KIF5C, KISS1R, KLHDC1, LCORL, LGALS3BP, LOC100130097, LOC100130360, LOC100130522, LOC100272228, LOC284408, LOC399491, LOC401320, LOC641298, LOC642852, LOC90110, LOC94431, LONRF2, LRP2BP, LRRC37A2, LRRFIP1, LTBP3, LYPLAL1, LYRM5, MAP3K5, MAP7, MAP9, MCM3AP, MCM3APAS, MCTP1, MEOX2, METTL3, MFSD4, MGAT4A, MLXIP, MRPL1, MRPS33, MST1, MUC20, MXD1, MZF1, NAMPT, NAP1L3, NBPF1, NBPF10, NCOA7, NCRNA00171, NCRNA00182, NDRG1, NDUFA4L2, NDUFV3, NEBL, NELF, NHEDC2, NHEG1, NIPAL2, NIPAL3, NLRX1, NOL3, NSMAF, NUDT19, NUP153, NUP54, OLFM3, OR7D2, OSBP, PABPC1L, PABPC4, PACRGL, PAM, PAPPA, PAQR6, PARP12, PCBD2, PCNXL2, PDCD6, PDE4C, PDE9A, PDGFRB, PDIA2, PGAP1, PHF17, PHKA1, PHKA2, PHLDA2, PIGH, PION, PKD1, PLA2G4C, PLCB4, PLEKHH1, PLP2, PLRG1, PLXNC1, PNCK, PNMA3, POFUT2, POGK, PPAPDC1A, PPAPDC1B, PPID, PPIE, PPM1K, PPP1R2, PPP2R2C, PPT1, PRKACB, PRPH, PSMB7, PTCD1, PTGER2, PTGS1, PTN, PTPRD, PTPRN, RAB11FIP3, RAB6B, RAF1, RGAG4, RGS11, RGS8, RHBDL1, RHOQ, RHOU, RLF, RNASET2, RNF13, RNF149, RNF165, RNF207, RNF41, RPL37, RSL1D1, RUNDC3A, S100A6, SCMH1, SCN2A, SERP1, SETX, SFRS18, SFXN3, SGK3, SH3BP5, SH3GL2, SH3YL1, SHC2, SHC4, SIGIRR, SIK1, SLC12A7, SLC1A2, SLC1A6, SLC22A17, SLC35F3, SLC38A5, SLCO1A2, SMAGP, SMAP2, SNCA, SOBP, SORCS1, SORL1, SPINT2, SPIRE2, SPOCK2, SRR, ST8SIA3, STAR, STEAP3, STOX2, STX3, SYNJ1, SYT13, SYT5, TAF10, TANC2, TCEA1, THBS2, THSD4, TIMP1, TM2D1, TMEM111, TMEM151A, TMEM184C, TMEM41B, TMEM43, TMEM5, TMEM59L, TMIE, TNFRSF25, TNFRSF25, TOX4, TP53BP1, TPM3, TRA2A, TRIM33, TRIM73, TRIMS, TRIT1, TSR1, TTC17, TTC3, TTC39C, TUSC3, TXLNB, U2AF1, UBE2D3, UBE2G2, UBN2, UBXN6, UCN, UGP2, UNC80, UNQ1887, USP36, USPL1, VN1R1, VPS13C, VPS53, VPS8, WDFY3, WDR27, WDR85, WSB1, YJEFN3, YLPM1, ZDHHC11, ZER1, ZG16B, ZNF275, ZNF440, ZNF573, ZNF641, ZNF662, ZNF785, and/or ZNF814, as compared to the expression levels of these genes in cells from the 2D6 cell line.

In an aspect of this embodiment, cells from an established clonal cell line susceptible to BoNT/A intoxication exhibit at least a 1.5-fold decrease in gene expression levels of one or more genes selected from ACOT1, ADARB1, ADM, ANK2, AQP1, ASAM, C2CD4A, C3ORF23, CACNA1D, CAMK2B, CAP2, CARTPT, CD163L1, CDC42EP1, CDH10, CDKN1C, CDKN2A, CFC1, CLMN, CPNE8, CYGB, CYP2E1, CYTL1, DNAJC22, DUSP5, ENOSF1, ERAP1, FGF13, FOXO6, GAL, GNAS, GPX7, GRIA2, GRM5, HCG 1776018, HIST1H2AC, HIST1H2BD, HIST1H2BK, HIST2H2BE, IL17B, KIAA0125, KIAA1598, KISS1R, LRP2BP, MEOX2, NCRNA00182, NDRG1, NDUFA4L2, NIPAL2, NUDT19, PDE4C, PHKA2, PHLDA2, PTGER2, RGS11, S100A6, SCN2A, SHC4, SIGIRR, SLC1A2, SLC1A6, SLC35F3, SLC38A5, SORCS1, SYT13, SYT5, THBS2, TIMP1, and/or TMEM111, as compared to the expression levels of these genes in cells from the 2D6 cell line.

In another aspect of this embodiment, cells from an established clonal cell line susceptible to BoNT/A intoxication exhibit at least a 1.5-fold decrease in gene expression levels of one or more genes selected from ACOT1, ADARB1, ANK2, AQP1, C3ORF23, CAP2, CARTPT, CD163L1, CDC42EP1, CDKN2A, CFC1, CPNE8, CYGB, CYP2E1, CYTL1, FGF13, FOXO6, GNAS, GRIA2, GRM5, HIST1H2AC, IL17B, KIAA0125, KIAA1598, KISS1R, MEOX2, NDRG1, NDUFA4L2, NIPAL2, PDE4C, PHKA2, RGS11, SCN2A, SLC1A2, SLC35F3, SLC38A5, SYT13, and/or THBS2, as compared to the expression levels of these genes in cells from the 2D6 cell line.

In yet another aspect of this embodiment, cells from an established clonal cell line susceptible to BoNT/A intoxication exhibit at least a 1.5-fold decrease in gene expression levels of one or more genes selected from AQP1, CAP2, CARTPT, CD163L1, CDC42EP1, CFC1, CPNE8, CYGB, CYP2E1, CYTL1, FGF13, GNAS, GRIA2, GRM5, HIST1H2AC, IL17B, KIAA0125, MEOX2, NDUFA4L2, PDE4C, PHKA2, RGS11, SLC1A2, SLC35F3, SLC38A5, and/or SYT13, as compared to the expression levels of these genes in cells from the 2D6 cell line.

In another embodiment, cells from an established clonal cell line susceptible to BoNT/A intoxication exhibit at least a 1.5-fold decrease in gene expression levels of one or more genes selected from ANXA2, AQP1, ARHGAP9, CDH10, CDKN2A, CHPT1, CNTN2, ERAP1, and/or RGS11, as compared to the expression levels of these genes in cells from the 2D6 cell line. In yet another embodiment, cells from an established clonal cell line susceptible to BoNT/A intoxication exhibit at least a 1.5-fold decrease in gene expression levels of one or more genes selected from ABCC8, AELIM3, CAP2, IL17B, MEF2A, NEEBL, PHC, S100A6, SLC1A6, SMAD1, SMAD5, SMAD8, SYT13, and/or SYTL1, as compared to the expression levels of these genes in cells from the 2D6 cell line. In still another embodiment, cells from an established clonal cell line susceptible to BoNT/A intoxication exhibit at least a 1.5-fold decrease in gene expression levels of one or more genes selected from CSTB, GPCR, GRIM5, KISSR, SCN2A, SLC1A2, and/or THBS2, as compared to the expression levels of these genes in cells from the 2D6 cell line.

In another embodiment, cells from an established clonal cell line susceptible to BoNT/A intoxication exhibit at least a 1.5-fold decrease in gene expression levels of one or more genes selected from ADARB1, ADM, PTPPH, and/or SLCO1A2, as compared to the expression levels of these genes in cells from the 2D6 cell line. In yet another embodiment, cells from an established clonal cell line susceptible to BoNT/A intoxication exhibit at least a 1.5-fold decrease in gene expression levels of one or more genes selected from CNGA3, HIST1H3E, and/or PTGS1, as compared to the expression levels of these genes in cells from the 2D6 cell line. In still another embodiment, cells from an established clonal cell line susceptible to BoNT/A intoxication exhibit at least a 1.5-fold decrease in gene expression levels of one or more genes selected from HIST1H2BD and/or OSCAR as compared to the expression levels of these genes in cells from the 2D6 cell line. In a further embodiment, cells from an established clonal cell line susceptible to BoNT/A intoxication exhibit at least a 1.5-fold decrease in gene expression levels of one or more genes selected from CALY as compared to the expression levels of these genes in cells from the 2D6 cell line.

In another embodiment, cells from an established clonal cell line susceptible to BoNT/A intoxication exhibit at least a 1.5-fold decrease in gene expression levels of one or more genes selected from COL5A1 and/or MICAL2 as compared to the expression levels of these genes in cells from the 2D6 cell line. In yet another embodiment, cells from an established clonal cell line susceptible to BoNT/A intoxication exhibit at least a 1.5-fold decrease in gene expression levels of one or more genes selected from OLFML2A and/or SIGIRR as compared to the expression levels of these genes in cells from the 2D6 cell line. In still another embodiment, cells from an established clonal cell line susceptible to BoNT/A intoxication exhibit at least a 1.5-fold decrease in gene expression levels of one or more genes selected from HPCAL1 and/or LPAR5 as compared to the expression levels of these genes in cells from the 2D6 cell line. In a further embodiment, cells from an established clonal cell line susceptible to BoNT/A intoxication exhibit at least a 1.5-fold decrease in gene expression levels of one or more genes selected from HTR1E and/or SORCS1 as compared to the expression levels of these genes in cells from the 2D6 cell line.

In another embodiment, cells from an established clonal cell line susceptible to BoNT/A intoxication exhibit at least a 1.5-fold decrease in gene expression levels of one or more genes selected from ANK2, CPNE8, CREB5, IL17B, KIAA0125, LOC100289109, LOC144571, NPAS4, SLC1A2, SORCS1, THBS2, and/or ZNF814, as compared to the expression levels of these genes in cells from the 2D6 cell line.

Aspects of the present disclosure comprise, in part, cells from an established clonal cell line susceptible to BoNT/A intoxication that exhibit at least a 1.5-fold difference in gene expression levels of one or more genes listed in Tables 9, 10, 11, or 12 as compared to the expression levels of these genes in cells from a parental SiMa cell line. In aspects of this embodiment, cells from an established clonal cell line susceptible to BoNT/A intoxication exhibit at least a 1.5-fold difference in gene expression levels of one or more genes listed in Tables 9, 10, 11, or 12 as compared to the expression levels of these genes in cells from the parental SiMa cell line DSMZ ACC 164. In other aspects of this embodiment, cells from an established clonal cell line susceptible to BoNT/A intoxication exhibit a difference in gene expression levels of one or more genes listed in Tables 9, 10, 11, or 12 of, e.g., at least a 1.5-fold, at least a 2.0-fold, at least a 2.5-fold, at least a 3.0-fold, at least a 3.5-fold, at least a 4.0-fold, at least a 4.5-fold, at least a 5.0-fold, at least a 5.5-fold, at least a 6.0-fold, at least a 7.0-fold, or at least a 8.0-fold as compared to the expression levels of these genes in cells from the parental SiMa cell line DSMZ ACC 164. In yet other aspects of this embodiment, cells from an established clonal cell line susceptible to BoNT/A intoxication exhibit a difference in gene expression levels of, e.g., 2 or more genes, 3 or more genes, 4 or more genes, 5 or more genes, 6 or more genes, 7 or more genes, 8 or more genes, 9 or more genes, 10 or more genes, 20 or more genes, 30 or more genes, 40 or more genes, 50 or more genes, 60 or more genes, 70 or more genes, 80 or more genes, 90 or more genes, or 100 or more genes listed in Tables 9, 10, 11, or 12 as compared to the expression levels of these genes in cells from the parental SiMa cell line DSMZ ACC 164. In still other aspects of this embodiment, cells from an established clonal cell line susceptible to BoNT/A intoxication exhibit a difference in gene expression levels of, e.g., about 5 genes to about 100 genes, about 10 genes to about 100 genes, about 15 genes to about 100 genes, about 20 genes to about 100 genes, about 25 genes to about 100 genes, about 5 genes to about 75 genes, about 10 genes to about 75 genes, about 15 genes to about 75 genes, about 20 genes to about 75 genes, about 25 genes to about 75 genes, about 5 genes to about 50 genes, about 10 genes to about 50 genes, about 15 genes to about 50 genes, about 20 genes to about 50 genes, or about 25 genes to about 50 genes listed in Tables 9, 10, 11, or 12 as compared to the expression levels of these genes in cells from the parental SiMa cell line DSMZ ACC 164. The log ratio in Tables 9, 10, 11, or 12 represent log₂values where 0.585 is log₂(1.5) which is a 1.5-fold difference, 1 is log₂(2) which is a 2-fold difference, 1.584 is log₂(3) which is a 3-fold difference, 2 is log₂(4) which is a 4-fold difference, 2.321 is log₂(5) which is a 5-fold difference, 2.584 is log₂(6) which is a 6-fold difference, 2.807 is log₂(7) which is a 7-fold difference, 3 is log₂(8) which is a 8-fold difference, 3.169 is log₂(9) which is a 9-fold difference, and 3.321 is log₂(10) which is a 10-fold difference.

In an embodiment, cells from an established clonal cell line susceptible to BoNT/A intoxication exhibit at least a 1.5-fold difference in gene expression levels of one or more genes selected from ACOT9, ADAMTS9, ARHGAP24, ARHGEF3, ASCL1, BARD1, BASP1, C3ORF70, C11ORF75, CCDC109B, CD9, CDCA7L, CDK2, CENPL, CLSTN2, CNTN1, CSRP2, CTSL2, CUGBP2, DEPDC1, DIAPH3, DOK5, DPYD, DYNLT3, EMILIN2, ETV1, FAM101B, FBLN1, FGFR2, FNDC5, GNAI1, GNB4, GNG11, GNG12, GPR177, GTSE1, HGF, KITLG, LPAR1, MAB21L2, MAOA, MCM10, MINA, MSN, MYO6, MYRIP, PAG1, PEG3, PLK2, POLA2, PPP1R3C, PRLHR, PRSS12, PTGR1, PTPRK, PVRL3, RAB32, RBPMS, SDC2, SGOL2, SLC43A3, SLC7A2, SMC2, SMC6, SPARC, SPC25, ST8SIA4, TCF7L1, TFPI2, TMEM35, TMEM178, TNFAIP8, TPTE, TRIP10, TWIST1, and/or ZNF521, as compared to the expression levels of these genes in cells from the parental SiMa cell line DSMZ ACC 164. In another aspect of this embodiment, cells from an established clonal cell line susceptible to BoNT/A intoxication exhibit at least a 1.5-fold difference in gene expression levels of one or more genes selected from ADAMTS9, ARHGAP24, ASCL1, BARD1, BASP1, BYES, C11ORF75, CDCA7L, CNTN1, CUGBP2, DOK5, DPYD, DYNLT3, FBLN1, FGFR2, GNAI1, GNB4, GNG11, GNG12, GTSE1, GTSF1, ITPRIP, KDELC2, LOC728052, LPAR1, MAB21L2, MAOA, MINA, MSN, PEG3, PLK2, PRLHR, PRSS12, PTPRK, RBPMS, RNF182, SGOL2, SLC43A3, SLC44A5, SLC7A2, SMC6, SPARC, TFPI2, TMEM178, and/or TPTE, as compared to the expression levels of these genes in cells from the parental SiMa cell line DSMZ ACC 164. In yet another aspect of this embodiment, cells from an established clonal cell line susceptible to BoNT/A intoxication exhibit at least a 1.5-fold difference in gene expression levels of one or more genes selected from ADAMTS9, ASCL1, BASP1, DOK5, DPYD, GNB4, GNG11, GTSF1, MAOA, MINA, MSN, PEG3, PLK2, PRSS12, RNF182, SLC44A5, SPARC, TFPI2, and/or TPTE, as compared to the expression levels of these genes in cells from the parental SiMa cell line DSMZ ACC 164.

In an embodiment, cells from an established clonal cell line susceptible to BoNT/A intoxication exhibit at least a 1.5-fold increase in gene expression levels of one or more genes selected from A2BP1, ADRM1, AFF4, AGAP4, ALCAM, ANAPC7, ANKRD13D, ANKRD28, API5, ARF1, ARHGAP6, ARHGEF10, ARHGEF6, ARL17A, ASCL1, ASXL1, ASXL3, ATF7IP, B3GALNT2, BASP1, BLCAP, BNC2, C10ORF58, C12ORF49, C12ORF51, C1ORF43, C20ORF117, C20ORF7, CADM1, CADPS, CALCB, CAPN1, CAPRIN2, CBLB, CBLN2, CBWD1, CCDC150, CCDC3, CD9, CDC25B, CFDP1, CHRNA7, CIAPIN1, CLASP2, CNOT7, CPVL, CRYBG3, CSE1L, CTTNBP2NL, CUGBP2, CXCR4, DACT1, DAZ1, DBH, DCAF8, DENR, DHX35, DKFZP434L187, DLEU2, DLL1, DLL3, DYNC2H1, EAF2, EFNA5, EIF3B, EIF3C, ELOVL7, EML1, EML4, ENC1, EVL, EXOSC6, EXPH5, EZH2, FAM178A, FAM181B, FAM19A4, FAM7A3, FLJ10213, FUBP3, FUS, FZD5, GAP43, GFM1, GFRA2, GGA2, GNAI1, GNAS, GNB4, GNG11, GOLGA4, GPR125, GRM8, GRP, GSPT1, GSS, GSTCD, GULP1, HAUS2, HEG1, HNRNPL, HNRNPM, HOXA7, HOXD4, ID2, IDH3B, IL1A, INSM1, IREB2, ITGA6, ITGB5, KCTD12, KDELC2, KHDRBS3, KIAA0907, KIAA1267, KIF16B, KLC1, KLHL13, LBH, LMO4, LOC100128844, LOC340109, LOC641298, LOC647190, LOC728052, LOC728153, LRPPRC, LRRFIP2, LSM3, LUM, MAB21L1, MAB21L2, MAN2A1, MAOA, MARS, MDN1, MED13L, MED22, MGC24103, MINA, MKLN1, MLEC, MMD, MORF4L2, MPZL1, MSH6, MSI2, MSN, MTMR9, MYO1B, MYO6, N4BP2, NAAA, NDUFS8, NEDD9, NFIB, NKTR, NLN, NOS1, NR2C1, NUFIP2, NUPL1, OSBPL3, PAPD4, PCBP2, PCDH9, PCGF5, PCNX, PDLIM5, PDZRN3, PELI2, PFKFB3, PGP, PHF20, PLK2, PLXNA2, PLXNA4, PM20D2, POLE, POLQ, PPP2R2A, PPP2R3C, PRDX2, PSMA7, PSME4, PTGFRN, PTK2, PTPN1, PTPRE, PTPRG, QKI, RAB12, RAB35, RAB3GAP2, RAD23B, RAF1, RALGAPA1, RAN, RASEF, RBL1, RDH11, RELL1, REPS1, RGS5, RIMBP2, RNF182, RNF34, RNPEP, ROBO2, RPAIN, RPL35A, RPRD1A, S1PR3, SALL4, SBNO1, SCARB2, SDHA, SEMA6A, SEZ6L, SF1, SFRS8, SIM1, SIRT2, SKIL, SLC20A1, SLC44A5, SLC7A2, SLCO3A1, SLITRK5, SMAD4, SMARCC2, SMC3, SNRPB2, SNRPN, SNX5, SOX2, SPAG6, SPAG9, SPATS2L, SPON1, SR140, SSBP2, ST8SIA1, STMN3, STRA6, SYNCRIP, SYTL3, TAF15, TCF7L2, TDG, TERT, TFPI2, TGFBR1, TH1L, THOC4, TIMP3, TLE3, TMEM132C, TMEM178, TMEM181, TNRC6A, TPBG, TRA2A, TRIM29, TRIM36, TSHZ3, TXNRD1, U2AF1, UBE2O, UBE2V1, UBE2Z, UBXN2A, UCHL1, USP25, USP32, USP34, VPS29, XPO1, XPO7, ZFAND6, ZFHX4, ZFYVE16, ZGPAT, ZNF217, ZNF451, ZNF503, and/or ZNF664, as compared to the expression levels of these genes in cells from the parental SiMa cell line DSMZ ACC 164.

In an aspect of this embodiment, cells from an established clonal cell line susceptible to BoNT/A intoxication exhibit at least a 1.5-fold increase in gene expression levels of one or more genes selected from ALCAM, ARHGAP6, ARHGEF6, ASCL1, BNC2, CBLN2, CCDC150, CCDC3, CHRNA7, CRYBG3, CUGBP2, CXCR4, DAZ1, DKFZP434L187, DLL1, EFNA5, ELOVL7, EML1, EML4, ENC1, EXPH5, FAM7A3, FZD5, GFRA2, GNAI1, GNB4, GNG11, GRP, ID2, ITGA6, KCTD12, LOC100128844, LOC340109, LOC728052, LUM, MAB21L1, MAB21L2, MAOA, MGC24103, MSN, NEDD9, NFIB, OSBPL3, PAPD4, PCDH9, PDZRN3, PLK2, POLQ, PTGFRN, PTPRE, PTPRG, RAD23B, RGS5, RNF182, ROBO2, SIM1, SLC20A1, SLC44A5, SLITRK5, SPAG6, SPAG9, SR140, TFPI2, TIMP3, TMEM132C, TPBG, TRIM29, TRIM36, and/or ZFAND6, as compared to the expression levels of these genes in cells from the parental SiMa cell line DSMZ ACC 164.

In another aspect of this embodiment, cells from an established clonal cell line susceptible to BoNT/A intoxication exhibit at least a 1.5-fold increase in gene expression levels of one or more genes selected from ALCAM, ARHGAP6, ARHGEF6, CBLN2, CCDC3, CHRNA7, CRYBG3, CUGBP2, CXCR4, DAZ1, ELOVL7, EML1, EXPH5, FAM7A3, GNB4, GNG11, GRP, ITGA6, KCTD12, LOC340109, LUM, MAB21L1, MAB21L2, MGC24103, PCDH9, PLK2, POLQ, PTPRE, RGS5, RNF182, ROBO2, SIM1, SLC44A5, SLITRK5, SPAG6, TIMP3, and/or TMEM132C, as compared to the expression levels of these genes in cells from the parental SiMa cell line DSMZ ACC 164.

In yet another aspect of this embodiment, cells from an established clonal cell line susceptible to BoNT/A intoxication exhibit at least a 1.5-fold increase in gene expression levels of one or more genes selected from CBLN2, CCDC3, CHRNA7, CRYBG3, CXCR4, DAZ1, EXPH5, FAM7A3, GNB4, GRP, KCTD12, LUM, MGC24103, PCDH9, PLK2, POLQ, PTPRE, RGS5, ROBO2, SIM1, SLITRK5, TIMP3, and/or TMEM132C, as compared to the expression levels of these genes in cells from the parental SiMa cell line DSMZ ACC 164.

In another embodiment, cells from an established clonal cell line susceptible to BoNT/A intoxication exhibit at least a 1.5-fold increase in gene expression levels of one or more genes listed in Tables 14 or 16 as compared to the expression levels of these genes in cells from the parental SiMa cell line DSMZ ACC 164. In aspects of this embodiment, cells from an established clonal cell line susceptible to BoNT/A intoxication exhibit at least a 1.5-fold increase in gene expression levels of one or more genes listed in Tables 14 or 16 as compared to the expression levels of these genes in cells from a parental SiMa cell line DSMZ ACC 164. In other aspects of this embodiment, cells from an established clonal cell line susceptible to BoNT/A intoxication exhibit an increase in gene expression levels of one or more genes listed in Tables 14 or 16 of, e.g., at least a 1.5-fold, at least a 2.0-fold, at least a 2.5-fold, at least a 3.0-fold, at least a 3.5-fold, at least a 4.0-fold, at least a 4.5-fold, at least a 5.0-fold, at least a 5.5-fold, at least a 6.0-fold, at least a 7.0-fold, or at least a 8.0-fold as compared to the expression levels of these genes in cells from a parental SiMa cell line DSMZ ACC 164. In other aspects of this embodiment, cells from an established clonal cell line susceptible to BoNT/A intoxication exhibit an increase in gene expression levels of, e.g., 2 or more genes, 3 or more genes, 4 or more genes, 5 or more genes, 6 or more genes, 7 or more genes, 8 or more genes, 9 or more genes, 10 or more genes, 20 or more genes, 30 or more genes, 40 or more genes, 50 or more genes, 60 or more genes, 70 or more genes, 80 or more genes, 90 or more genes, or 100 or more genes listed in Tables 14 or 16 as compared to the expression levels of these genes in cells from the parental SiMa cell line DSMZ ACC 164. In yet other aspects of this embodiment, cells from an established clonal cell line susceptible to BoNT/A intoxication exhibit an increase in gene expression levels of, e.g., about 5 genes to about 100 genes, about 10 genes to about 100 genes, about 15 genes to about 100 genes, about 20 genes to about 100 genes, about 25 genes to about 100 genes, about 5 genes to about 75 genes, about 10 genes to about 75 genes, about 15 genes to about 75 genes, about 20 genes to about 75 genes, about 25 genes to about 75 genes, about 5 genes to about 50 genes, about 10 genes to about 50 genes, about 15 genes to about 50 genes, about 20 genes to about 50 genes, or about 25 genes to about 50 genes listed in Tables 14 or 16 as compared to the expression levels of these genes in cells from the parental SiMa cell line DSMZ ACC 164.

In aspects of this embodiment, cells from an established clonal cell line susceptible to BoNT/A intoxication exhibit at least a 1.5-fold increase in gene expression levels of one or more genes selected from ACOT9, ADAMTS9, ARHGAP24, ARHGEF3, ASCL1, BARD1, BASP1, C3ORF70, C11ORF75, CCDC109B, CD9, CDCA7L, CDK2, CENPL, CLSTN2, CNTN1, CSRP2, CTSL2, CUGBP2, DEPDC1, DIAPH3, DOK5, DPYD, DYNLT3, EMILIN2, ETV1, FAM101B, FBLN1, FGFR2, FNDC5, GNAI1, GNB4, GNG11, GNG12, GPR177, GTSE1, HGF, KITLG, LPAR1, MAB21L2, MAOA, MCM10, MINA, MSN, MYO6, MYRIP, PAG1, PEG3, PLK2, POLA2, PPP1R3C, PRLHR, PRSS12, PTGR1, PTPRK, PVRL3, RAB32, RBPMS, SDC2, SGOL2, SLC43A3, SLC7A2, SMC2, SMC6, SPARC, SPC25, ST8SIA4, TCF7L1, TFPI2, TMEM35, TMEM178, TNFAIP8, TPTE, TRIP10, TWIST1, and/or ZNF521, as compared to the expression levels of these genes in cells from the parental SiMa cell line DSMZ ACC 164. In another aspect of this embodiment, cells from an established clonal cell line susceptible to BoNT/A intoxication exhibit at least a 1.5-fold increase in gene expression levels of one or more genes selected from ADAMTS9, ARHGAP24, ASCL1, BARD1, BASP1, BYES, C11ORF75, CDCA7L, CNTN1, CUGBP2, DOK5, DPYD, DYNLT3, FBLN1, FGFR2, GNAI1, GNB4, GNG11, GNG12, GTSE1, GTSF1, ITPRIP, KDELC2, LOC728052, LPAR1, MAB21L2, MAOA, MINA, MSN, PEG3, PLK2, PRLHR, PRSS12, PTPRK, RBPMS, RNF182, SGOL2, SLC43A3, SLC44A5, SLC7A2, SMC6, SPARC, TFPI2, TMEM178, and/or TPTE, as compared to the expression levels of these genes in cells from the parental SiMa cell line DSMZ ACC 164. In yet another aspect of this embodiment, cells from an established clonal cell line susceptible to BoNT/A intoxication exhibit at least a 1.5-fold increase in gene expression levels of one or more genes selected from ADAMTS9, ASCL1, BASP1, DOK5, DPYD, GNB4, GNG11, GTSF1, MAOA, MINA, MSN, PEG3, PLK2, PRSS12, RNF182, SLC44A5, SPARC, TFPI2, and/or TPTE, as compared to the expression levels of these genes in cells from the parental SiMa cell line DSMZ ACC 164.

In yet another embodiment, cells from an established clonal cell line susceptible to BoNT/A intoxication exhibit at least a 1.5-fold increase in gene expression levels of one or more genes selected from ADAMTS9, ARHGAP24, ARHGEF3, ASCL1, BARD1, CD9, CDK2, CSRP2, CTSL2, DIAPH3, DOK5, DYNLT3, EMILIN2, ETV1, FBLN1, FGFR2, GNAI1, GNB4, GNG11, GNG12, HGF, KITLG, LPAR1, MCM10, MSN, PAG1, PEG3, PLK2, POLA2, PPP1R3C, PTPRK, RAB32, SDC2, SLC43A3, SLC7A2, SMC6, SPARC, SPC25, ST8SIA4, TCF7L1, TFPI2, TMEM35, TNFAIP8, TPTE, TRIP10, and/or TWIST1, as compared to the expression levels of these genes in cells from the parental SiMa cell line DSMZ ACC 164. In an aspect of this embodiment, cells from an established clonal cell line susceptible to BoNT/A intoxication exhibit at least a 1.5-fold increase in gene expression levels of one or more genes selected from ADAMTS9, ARHGAP24, ASCL1, BARD1, DOK5, DYNLT3, FBLN1, FGFR2, GNAI1, GNB4, GNG11, GNG12, LPAR1, MSN, PEG3, PLK2, PTPRK, SLC43A3, SLC7A2, SMC6, SPARC, TFPI2, and/or TPTE, as compared to the expression levels of these genes in cells from the parental SiMa cell line DSMZ ACC 164. In another aspect of this embodiment, cells from an established clonal cell line susceptible to BoNT/A intoxication exhibit at least a 1.5-fold increase in gene expression levels of one or more genes selected from ADAMTS9, ASCL1, DOK5, GNB4, GNG11, MSN, PEG3, PLK2, SPARC, TFPI2, and/or TPTE, as compared to the expression levels of these genes in cells from the parental SiMa cell line DSMZ ACC 164.

In still another embodiment, cells from an established clonal cell line susceptible to BoNT/A intoxication exhibit at least a 1.5-fold increase in gene expression levels of one or more genes selected from ACOT9, BASP1, C11ORF75, CCDC109B, CDCA7L, CLSTN2, CNTN1, CUGBP2, DEPDC1, DPYD, FAM101B, FNDC5, GTSE1, MAOA, MINA, MYO6, MYRIP, PLK2, PRLHR, PVRL3, RBPMS, SGOL2, SMC2, TFP12, TMEM178, and/or ZNF521, as compared to the expression level of these genes in cells from the parental SiMa cell line DSMZ ACC 164. In an aspect of this embodiment, cells from an established clonal cell line susceptible to BoNT/A intoxication exhibit at least a 1.5-fold increase in gene expression levels of one or more genes selected from BASP1, C11ORF75, CDCA7L, CNTN1, CUGBP2, DPYD, GTSE1, MAOA, MINA, PLK2, PRLHR, RBPMS, SGOL2, TFPI2, and/or TMEM178, as compared to the expression levels of these genes in cells from the parental SiMa cell line DSMZ ACC 164. In another aspect of this embodiment, cells from an established clonal cell line susceptible to BoNT/A intoxication exhibit at least a 1.5-fold increase in gene expression levels of one or more genes selected from BASP1, DPYD, MAOA, MINA, PLK2, and/or TFPI2, as compared to the expression levels of these genes in cells from the parental SiMa cell line DSMZ ACC 164.

In a further embodiment, cells from an established clonal cell line susceptible to BoNT/A intoxication exhibit at least a 1.5-fold increase in gene expression levels of one or more genes selected from C3ORF70, MAB21L2, PRSS12, CENPL, GPR177, and/or PTGR1, as compared to the expression levels of these genes in cells from the parental SiMa cell line DSMZ ACC 164. In an aspect of this embodiment, cells from an established clonal cell line susceptible to BoNT/A intoxication exhibit at least a 1.5-fold increase in gene expression levels of one or more genes selected from MAB21L2 and/or PRSS12, as compared to the expression levels of these genes in cells from the parental SiMa cell line DSMZ ACC 164.

In another embodiment, cells from an established clonal cell line susceptible to BoNT/A intoxication exhibit at least a 1.5-fold decrease in gene expression levels of one or more genes listed in Tables 10 or 12 as compared to the expression levels of these genes in cells from a parental SiMa cell line. In aspects of this embodiment, cells from an established clonal cell line susceptible to BoNT/A intoxication exhibit at least a 1.5-fold decrease in gene expression levels of one or more genes listed in Tables 10 or 12 as compared to the expression levels of these genes in cells from the parental SiMa cell line DSMZ ACC 164. In other aspects of this embodiment, cells from an established clonal cell line susceptible to BoNT/A intoxication exhibit a decrease in gene expression levels of one or more genes listed in Tables 10 or 12 of, e.g., at least a 1.5-fold, at least a 2.0-fold, at least a 2.5-fold, at least a 3.0-fold, at least a 3.5-fold, at least a 4.0-fold, at least a 4.5-fold, at least a 5.0-fold, at least a 5.5-fold, at least a 6.0-fold, at least a 7.0-fold, or at least a 8.0-fold as compared to the expression levels of these genes in cells from the parental SiMa cell line DSMZ ACC 164. In other aspects cells from an established clonal cell line susceptible to BoNT/A intoxication exhibit a decrease in gene expression levels of, e.g., 2 or more genes, 3 or more genes, 4 or more genes, 5 or more genes, 6 or more genes, 7 or more genes, 8 or more genes, 9 or more genes, 10 or more genes, 20 or more genes, 30 or more genes, 40 or more genes, 50 or more genes, 60 or more genes, 70 or more genes, 80 or more genes, 90 or more genes, or 100 or more genes listed in Tables 10 or 12 as compared to the expression levels of these genes in cells from the parental SiMa cell line DSMZ ACC 164. In yet other aspects cells from an established clonal cell line susceptible to BoNT/A intoxication exhibit an decrease in gene expression levels of, e.g., about 5 genes to about 100 genes, about 10 genes to about 100 genes, about 15 genes to about 100 genes, about 20 genes to about 100 genes, about 25 genes to about 100 genes, about 5 genes to about 75 genes, about 10 genes to about 75 genes, about 15 genes to about 75 genes, about 20 genes to about 75 genes, about 25 genes to about 75 genes, about 5 genes to about 50 genes, about 10 genes to about 50 genes, about 15 genes to about 50 genes, about 20 genes to about 50 genes, or about 25 genes to about 50 genes listed in Tables 10 or 12 as compared to the expression levels of these genes in cells from the parental SiMa cell line DSMZ ACC 164.

In an embodiment, cells from an established clonal cell line susceptible to BoNT/A intoxication exhibit at least a 1.5-fold decrease in gene expression levels of one or more genes selected from 1-Mar, ABCG1, ABTB1, ACOT1, ACSL1, ACVR1, ACVR2A, ACYP2, ADAMTS1, ADAMTS3, ADAMTSL1, ADARB1, ADCY1, ADD2, ADO, AFF3, AKAP12, ALDH1A2, ALKBH1, ALLC, AMN1, ANKH, ANKRA2, ANKRD50, ANXA5, AP3B2, ARMC10, ARMCX5, ASAM, ASB13, ASPHD1, ATG5, ATL3, ATP2B3, ATP2C1, ATRNL1, B3GALTL, BACE1, BACE2, BBS10, BBS7, BCAP29, BCL2, BCORL1, BRUNOL4, BRUNOL6, BRWD1, BTN3A3, C10ORF10, C10ORF104, C11ORF57, C11ORF70, C14ORF167, C15ORF39, C16ORF52, C17ORF69, C18ORF18, C1GALT1C1, C1ORF21, C1ORF25, C1ORF97, C1 RL, C21ORF57, C2CD2, C2CD4A, C2ORF67, C2ORF68, C3ORF23, C4ORF12, C4ORF39, C4ORF41, C5ORF42, C6ORF120, C9ORF150, CADM2, CAMK2D, CAMK2N1, CAMK2N2, CAP2, CAPN2, CARTPT, CCDC126, CCDC40, CCDC50, CCNY, CD248, CD302, CDC2L6, CDC37L1, CDC42EP3, CDH12, CDKN1C, CDKN2A, CDS1, CFC1, CHMP1B, CLCN3, CLDN12, CLMN, CLN8, CNGA3, CNNM1, CNOT6L, COL27A1, COL5A1, COL6A1, COL6A2, COL6A3, COX18, COX5B, CRYGD, CRYZL1, CTPS2, CTSC, CYB5R2, CYGB, CYLD, CYP2E1, CYP2U1, CYTL1, CYYR1, D4S234E, DAB1, DBT, DCAF10, DCLK1, DCTD, DDAH1, DHRSX, DISP1, DKFZP434I0714, DKK1, DNAJC12, DNAJC24, DNASE1L1, DNER, DOPEY2, DRAM2, DSCAM, DSCR3, DTX3L, DUSP16, DUSP22, ECEL1, ECHDC3, EEF1D, EEF2K, EFEMP2, EFNB3, EMID1, ENOX2, ERAP1, ERBB2, ERBB4, ETFDH, ETS2, EYA1, FAM13C, FAM162B, FAM165B, FAM172A, FAM175A, FAM190A, FAM26F, FAM46A, FAM49A, FAM71E1, FAM76A, FAM85A, FBXL5, FBXW7, FCRLB, FGD5, FGF1, FGF13, FGF19, FGF3, FGF7, FIP1L1, FKTN, FLJ10038, FLJ35220, FLJ35390, FLJ37798, FLJ39051, FOXO6, FSTL1, FUCA2, GAL, GART, GAS5, GDPD5, GLCE, GLI2, GLIS1, GLIS3, GLT25D2, GNA14, GNAS, GPR123, GPX7, GRM5, GTF2H5, GUCY1A3, H2AFJ, HCG 1776018, HDAC4, HEBP2, HELQ, HERPUD2, HHLA3, HIST1H2AC, HIST1H2BD, HIST1H2BK, HIST2H2BE, HMGCLL1, HNRNPR, HPCAL1, HPDL, HPS3, HSBP1L1, HSPA1A, HTATIP2, ICAM2, IFNAR1, IGFBP5, IGFBP7, IGSF5, IL10RB, IL13RA2, IL17D, IL20RA, IL7, IMMP2L, INSR, IRS1, ITGB1BP1, JMY, JRKL, KAT2B, KBTBD11, KCMF1, KCNMA1, KCNQ2, KCNQ5, KCTD18, KDM1A, KDSR, KHDC1, KIAA1109, KIAA1324, KIAA1598, KIAA1804, KIRREL3, KLHDC1, KRCC1, LGALS3, LGALS3BP, LIFR, LINGO1, LIPT1, LMAN2L, LMCD1, LOC100129195, LOC100129884, LOC100130522, LOC100130856, LOC100132167, LOC100216479, LOC100272217, LOC100287039, LOC151146, LOC153682, LOC220930, LOC254128, LOC255167, LOC283588, LOC285286, LOC285550, LOC285878, LOC286052, LOC339290, LOC401321, LOC645513, LOC80154, LOC90246, LOC93622, LOC94431, LPAR3, LPHN2, LRCH2, LRP2BP, LYRM1, LYRM5, MAGI2, MANSC1, MAP3K13, MAP3K5, MAP9, MAPKAP1, MBD5, MBLAC2, MBNL1, MCTP1, MED6, MEGF11, MEOX2, MET, METT5D1, MFSD4, MFSD6, MFSD9, MGAT4A, MORC3, MREG, MRPS18C, MRPS33, MST1, MTMR3, MTUS2, MXRA7, N4BP3, NAP1L3, NCAM1, NCAM2, NCOA7, NCRNA00081, NCRNA00117, NCRNA00171, NDUFA4L2, NDUFV3, NEAT1, NEBL, NEIL2, NETO1, NFATC4, NHEDC2, NIPAL3, NLRX1, NNAT, NOTCH4, NPW, NPY, NR1H3, NR2F1, NT5E, NUDT19, NUDT6, OGFRL1, OLFM3, OMA1, OPRM1, OPTN, P4HTM, PABPC4L, PABPC5, PAK1, PAM, PAPOLG, PAPPA, PBX1, PCDHB10, PCDHB16, PCNX, PCNXL2, PDCD2, PDE4DIP, PDGFRB, PEX12, PEX6, PHKA1, PHLDB3, PIBF1, PID1, PIGH, PIGP, PIK3CB, PIWIL2, PKNOX1, PKNOX2, PLA2G12A, PLCB1, PLEKHA2, PLEKHA3, PLIN2, PLRG1, POLR3GL, POU6F1, PPAPDC1A, PPOX, PPP1R14A, PPP2R5C, PPP3CA, PRAME, PRKACB, PRMT2, PRPH, PSD3, PSTK, PTGER2, PTGES, PTN, PTP4A3, PTPRD, PTPRN2, PTPRR, QPCT, RAB4A, RAB6B, RAC2, RAI2, RCAN1, RCC1, RDH13, RFPL1S, RG9MTD2, RGAG4, RHBDD1, RHBDF2, RHOU, RNF13, RNF41, RNLS, RPL31, RPL37, RPRD1A, RRN3, RSL1D1, RSPH3, SAP30, SAV1, SCG5, SCN5A, SERTAD4, SGMS1, SH3BGR, SH3GL2, SH3 KBP1, SH3YL1, SIAE, SIGIRR, SIK1, SIK3, SIX2, SLC12A7, SLC16A14, SLC22A17, SLC22A5, SLC25A12, SLC25A4, SLC35F3, SLC6A15, SLIT1, SMARCA2, SMEK2, SNAP91, SNCA, SOCS5, SORCS2, SPATA17, SPATA7, SPIN3, SPINT1, SPINT2, SPOCK2, SPRED1, SSPN, ST8SIA3, STAC2, STAR, STEAP3, STOX2, STX12, STXBP5L, SUCLG2, SYNJ1, SYNPR, SYT13, TAF12, TAF1B, TBC1D12, TBC1D15, TCEAL2, TEX264, THAP2, TM2D1, TMCC1, TMEM182, TMEM184C, TMEM196, TMEM45B, TMEM5, TMEM59L, TMEM65, TMIE, TNC, TNFRSF10D, TNFSF4, TOX, TRAPPC9, TRHDE, TRIM61, TRIM69, TSPAN7, TSPAN9, TTC23, TTC39C, TUSC3, TXLNB, UBE2D3, UBE2W, UCN, UNC5A, UTP23, VPS37A, VSTM2A, WASF3, WDFY3, WDTC1, XPR1, XYLT1, ZBTB41, ZC3H12B, ZNF148, ZNF185, ZNF22, ZNF23, ZNF25, ZNF250, ZNF280D, ZNF285A, ZNF295, ZNF346, ZNF528, ZNF585A, ZNF610, ZNF641, ZNF662, ZNF677, and/or ZNF862, as compared to the expression levels of these genes in cells from the parental SiMa cell line DSMZ ACC 164.

In an aspect of this embodiment, cells from an established clonal cell line susceptible to BoNT/A intoxication exhibit at least a 1.5-fold decrease in gene expression levels of one or more genes selected from ACOT1, ADARB1, ASAM, BACE2, C11ORF70, C2CD4A, C3ORF23, CADM2, CAP2, CARTPT, CDKN1C, CFC1, CNGA3, COL5A1, CYGB, CYP2E1, CYTL1, DSCAM, ECEL1, ECHDC3, FAM26F, FAM49A, FGF1, FGF13, FGF19, FLJ39051, FUCA2, GAL, GPX7, GRM5, HCG 1776018, HHLA3, HIST1H2AC, HIST1H2BD, HSPA1A, HTATIP2, ICAM2, IGFBP5, IGFBP7, IL13RA2, KCNMA1, KCNQ5, KIAA1598, KRCC1, LMCD1, LOC100216479, LOC254128, LOC339290, LPAR3, MEGF11, MEOX2, NCAM2, NDUFA4L2, NEAT1, NNAT, NPW, NPY, PABPC4L, PAPPA, PID1, PPAPDC1A, PRAME, PRKACB, PTGER2, PTN, PTP4A3, RAC2, SLC35F3, SYT13, TCEAL2, THAP2, TMIE, TNFRSF10D, TRHDE, TXLNB, and/or ZNF662, as compared to the expression levels of these genes in cells from the parental SiMa cell line DSMZ ACC 164.

In another aspect of this embodiment, cells from an established clonal cell line susceptible to BoNT/A intoxication exhibit at least a 1.5-fold decrease in gene expression levels of one or more genes selected from ACOT1, ASAM, BACE2, C11ORF70, C2CD4A, C3ORF23, CADM2, CAP2, CARTPT, CFC1, CNGA3, CYGB, CYP2E1, CYTL1, DSCAM, ECEL1, ECHDC3, FGF1, FGF13, FUCA2, GAL, GPX7, HSPA1A, HTATIP2, ICAM2, IGFBP5, IGFBP7, KIAA1598, KRCC1, LMCD1, LOC100216479, LOC254128, LOC339290, LPAR3, MEOX2, NDUFA4L2, NEAT1, NNAT, NPW, NPY, PAPPA, PID1, PPAPDC1A, PRAME, PTN, SLC35F3, SYT13, TCEAL2, TMIE, TNFRSF10D, TRHDE, and/or ZNF662, as compared to the expression levels of these genes in cells from the parental SiMa cell line DSMZ ACC 164.

In yet another aspect of this embodiment, cells from an established clonal cell line susceptible to BoNT/A intoxication exhibit at least a 1.5-fold decrease in gene expression levels of one or more genes selected from C11ORF70, CADM2, CAP2, CARTPT, CNGA3, CYGB, CYP2E1, CYTL1, DSCAM, FGF13, FUCA2, GAL, HSPA1A, HTATIP2, ICAM2, IGFBP5, IGFBP7, LMCD1, LOC100216479, MEOX2, NDUFA4L2, NEAT1, NNAT, NPW, PID1, PRAME, SLC35F3, SYT13, TCEAL2, TMIE, TNFRSF10D, and/or ZNF662, as compared to the expression levels of these genes in cells from the parental SiMa cell line DSMZ ACC 164.

In another embodiment, cells from an established clonal cell line susceptible to BoNT/A intoxication exhibit at least a 1.5-fold increase in gene expression levels of one or more genes listed in Tables 5 or 7 as compared to the expression levels of these genes in cells from the 2D6 cell line, and at least a 1.5-fold increase in gene expression levels of one or more genes listed in in Tables 9 or 11 as compared to the expression levels of these genes in cells from a parental SiMa cell line. In aspects of this embodiment, cells from an established clonal cell line susceptible to BoNT/A intoxication exhibit at least a 1.5-fold increase in gene expression levels of one or more genes listed in Tables 5 or 7 as compared to the expression levels of these genes in cells from the 2D6 cell line, and at least a 1.5-fold increase in gene expression levels of one or more genes listed in in Tables 9 or 11 as compared to the expression levels of these genes in cells from the parental SiMa cell line DSMZ ACC 164. In other aspects of this embodiment, cells from an established clonal cell line susceptible to BoNT/A intoxication exhibit an increase in gene expression levels of one or more genes listed in Tables 5 or 7 of, e.g., at least a 1.5-fold, at least a 2.0-fold, at least a 2.5-fold, at least a 3.0-fold, at least a 3.5-fold, at least a 4.0-fold, at least a 4.5-fold, at least a 5.0-fold, at least a 5.5-fold, at least a 6.0-fold, at least 7.0-fold, or at least 8.0-fold as compared to the expression levels of these genes in cells from the 2D6 cell line, and exhibit an increase in gene expression levels of one or more genes listed in Tables 9 or 11 of, e.g., at least a 1.5-fold, at least a 2.0-fold, at least a 2.5-fold, at least a 3.0-fold, at least a 3.5-fold, at least a 4.0-fold, at least a 4.5-fold, at least a 5.0-fold, at least a 5.5-fold, at least a 6.0-fold, at least 7.0-fold, or at least 8.0-fold as compared to the expression levels of these genes in cells from the parental SiMa cell line DSMZ ACC 164. In other aspects of this embodiment, cells from an established clonal cell line susceptible to BoNT/A intoxication exhibit an increase in gene expression levels of, e.g., 2 or more genes, 3 or more genes, 4 or more genes, 5 or more genes, 6 or more genes, 7 or more genes, 8 or more genes, 9 or more genes, 10 or more genes, 20 or more genes, 30 or more genes, 40 or more genes, 50 or more genes, 60 or more genes, 70 or more genes, 80 or more genes, 90 or more genes, or 100 or more genes listed in Tables 5 or 7 as compared to the expression levels of these genes in cells from the 2D6 cell line, and listed in Tables 9 or 11 as compared to the expression levels of these genes in cells from the parental SiMa cell line DSMZ ACC 164. In yet other aspects cells from an established clonal cell line susceptible to BoNT/A intoxication exhibit an increase in gene expression levels of, e.g., about 5 genes to about 100 genes, about 10 genes to about 100 genes, about 15 genes to about 100 genes, about 20 genes to about 100 genes, about 25 genes to about 100 genes, about 5 genes to about 75 genes, about 10 genes to about 75 genes, about 15 genes to about 75 genes, about 20 genes to about 75 genes, about 25 genes to about 75 genes, about 5 genes to about 50 genes, about 10 genes to about 50 genes, about 15 genes to about 50 genes, about 20 genes to about 50 genes, or about 25 genes to about 50 genes listed in Tables 5 or 7 as compared to the expression levels of these genes in cells from the 2D6 cell line, and listed in Tables 9 or 11 as compared to the expression levels of these genes in cells from the parental SiMa cell line DSMZ ACC 164.

In another embodiment, cells from an established clonal cell line susceptible to BoNT/A intoxication exhibit at least a 1.5-fold increase in gene expression levels of one or more genes selected from A2BP1, ALCAM, ANAPC7, ARF1, ARHGAP6, ARHGEF6, ARL17A, ASCL1, ASXL3, BASP1, BNC2, C10ORF58, C12ORF49, C1ORF43, C20ORF7, CBLB, CBWD1, CCDC3, CD9, CDC25B, CHRNA7, CPVL, CRYBG3, CSE1L, CUGBP2, CXCR4, DACT1, DAZ1, DBH, DHX35, DKFZP434L187, DLEU2, DLL3, EAF2, EFNA5, EIF3C, ELOVL7, EML1, ENC1, EXOSC6, EXPH5, EZH2, FAM181B, FAM19A4, FAM7A3, FUBP3, FZD5, GAP43, GFRA2, GNAI1, GNB4, GNG11, GPR125, GRP, GSS, ITGA6, ITGA6, ITGB5, KCTD12, KDELC2, KHDRBS3, KIF16B, KLHL13, LBH, LOC100128844, LOC340109, LOC641298, LOC728052, LUM, MAB21L1, MAN2A1, MAOA, MINA, MMD, MSN, MYO1B, MYO6, NAAA, NEDD9, NOS1, OSBPL3, PCGF5, PELI2, PFKFB3, PHF20, PLK2, PLS3, PLXNA2, PLXNA4, PM20D2, POLE, PSMA7, PTGFRN, PTPRE, PTPRG, RAB35, RAF1, RAN, RASEF, RBL1, RELL1, RGS5, RIMBP2, RNF182, RNF34, S1PR3, SALL4, SEMA6A, SEZ6L, SIM1, SLC44A5, SLC7A2, SLCO3A1, SLITRK5, SPAG6, SPATS2L, ST8SIA1, STMN3, STRA6, TCF7L2, TFPI2, TH1L, THOC4, TIMP3, TLE3, TMEM132C, TMEM178, TPBG, TRA2A, TRIM29, TRIM36, TSHZ3, TXNRD1, U2AF1, UBE2V1, VPS29, ZFHX4, ZGPAT, ZNF217, and/or ZNF503, as compared to the expression levels of these genes in cells from both the 2D6 cell line and the parental SiMa cell line DSMZ ACC 164.

In an aspect of this embodiment, cells from an established clonal cell line susceptible to BoNT/A intoxication exhibit at least a 1.5-fold increase in gene expression levels of one or more genes selected from ALCAM, ARHGAP6, ARHGEF6, ASCL1, BNC2, CCDC3, CHRNA7, CRYBG3, CUGBP2, CXCR4, DAZ1, EFNA5, ELOVL7, EML1, ENC1, EXPH5, FAM7A3, FZD5, GFRA2, GNAI1, GNB4, GNG11, GRP, ITGA6, KCTD12, LOC100128844, LOC340109, LOC728052, LUM, MAB21L1, MAB21L2, MAOA, MSN, NEDD9, OSBPL3, PLK2, PTGFRN, PTPRE, RGS5, RNF182, SIM1, SLC44A5, SLITRK5, SPAG6, TFPI2, TIMP3, TMEM132C, TPBG, TRIM29, and/or TRIM36, as compared to the expression levels of these genes in cells from both the 2D6 cell line and the parental SiMa cell line DSMZ ACC 164.

In another aspect of this embodiment, cells from an established clonal cell line susceptible to BoNT/A intoxication exhibit at least a 1.5-fold increase in gene expression levels of one or more genes selected from ALCAM, ARHGAP6, ARHGEF6, CCDC3, CHRNA7, CRYBG3, CUGBP2, CXCR4, DAZ1, ELOVL7, EML1, EXPH5, FAM7A3, GNB4, GNG11, GRP, ITGA6, KCTD12, LOC340109, LUM, MAB21L1, MAB21L2, PLK2, PTPRE, RGS5, RNF182, SIM1, SLC44A5, SLITRK5, SPAG6, TIMP3, and/or TMEM132C, as compared to the expression levels of these genes in cells from both the 2D6 cell line and the parental SiMa cell line DSMZ ACC 164.

In yet another aspect of this embodiment, cells from an established clonal cell line susceptible to BoNT/A intoxication exhibit at least a 1.5-fold increase in gene expression levels of one or more genes selected from CCDC3, CHRNA7, CRYBG3, CXCR4, DAZ1, EXPH5, FAM7A3, GNB4, GRP, KCTD12, LUM, PLK2, PTPRE, RGS5, SIM1, SLITRK5, TIMP3, and/or TMEM132C, as compared to the expression levels of these genes in cells from both the 2D6 cell line and the parental SiMa cell line DSMZ ACC 164.

In another embodiment, cells from an established clonal cell line susceptible to BoNT/A intoxication exhibit at least a 1.5-fold increase in gene expression levels of one or more genes selected from A2BP1, ALCAM, ARF1, ARL17A, ASCL1, BASP1, CD9, CUGBP2, EAF2, EIF3C, FAM181B, FUBP3, GNAI1, GNB4, GNG11, KDELC2, KHDRBS3, KLHL13, LOC641298, LOC728052, MAB21L2, MAOA, MINA, MSN, MYO6, PLK2, PLS3, RAF1, RELL1, RNF182, SEZ6L, SEZ6L, SIM1, SLC44A5, SLC7A2, SLCO3A1, SLITRK5, SPATS2L, TCF7L2, TFPI2, TMEM178, TRA2A, U2AF1, and/or ZNF217, as compared to the expression levels of these genes in cells from both the 2D6 cell line and the parental SiMa cell line DSMZ ACC 164.

In an aspect of this embodiment, cells from an established clonal cell line susceptible to BoNT/A intoxication exhibit at least a 1.5-fold increase in gene expression levels of one or more genes selected from A2BP1, ALCAM, ARF1, ASCL1, BASP1, CD9, CUGBP2, EIF3C, FUBP3, GNAI1, GNB4, GNG11, KDELC2, KHDRBS3, LOC641298, LOC728052, MAB21L2, MAOA, MINA, MSN, MYO6, PLK2, PLS3, RELL1, RNF182, SIM1, SLC44A5, SLC7A2, SLCO3A1, SLITRK5, TCF7L2, TFPI2, TMEM178, TRA2A, and/or ZNF217, as compared to the expression levels of these genes in cells from both the 2D6 cell line and the parental SiMa cell line DSMZ ACC 164.

In another aspect of this embodiment, cells from an established clonal cell line susceptible to BoNT/A intoxication exhibit at least a 1.5-fold increase in gene expression levels of one or more genes selected from ASCL1, CUGBP2, GNAI1, GNB4, GNG11, LOC728052, MAB21L2, MAOA, MSN, PLK2, RNF182, SIM1, SLC44A5, SLITRK5, and/or TFPI2, as compared to the expression levels of these genes in cells from both the 2D6 cell line and the parental SiMa cell line DSMZ ACC 164.

In yet another aspect of this embodiment, cells from an established clonal cell line susceptible to BoNT/A intoxication exhibit at least a 1.5-fold increase in gene expression levels of one or more genes selected from GNB4, GNG11, PLK2, RNF182, SIM1, SLC44A5, and/or SLITRK5, as compared to the expression levels of these genes in cells from both the 2D6 cell line and the parental SiMa cell line DSMZ ACC 164.

In still another aspect of this embodiment, cells from an established clonal cell line susceptible to BoNT/A intoxication exhibit at least a 1.5-fold increase in gene expression levels of one or more genes selected from GNB4, PLK2, SIM1, and/or SLITRK5, as compared to the expression levels of these genes in cells from both the 2D6 cell line and the parental SiMa cell line DSMZ ACC 164.

In another embodiment, cells from an established clonal cell line susceptible to BoNT/A intoxication exhibit at least a 1.5-fold decrease in gene expression levels of one or more genes listed in Tables 6 or 8 as compared to the expression levels of these genes in cells from the 2D6 cell line, and at least a 1.5-fold decrease in gene expression levels of one or more genes listed in in Tables 10 or 12 as compared to the expression levels of these genes in cells from a parental SiMa cell line. In aspects of this embodiment, cells from an established clonal cell line susceptible to BoNT/A intoxication exhibit at least a 1.5-fold decrease in gene expression levels of one or more genes listed in Tables 6 or 8 as compared to the expression levels of these genes in cells from the 2D6 cell line, and at least a 1.5-fold decrease in gene expression levels of one or more genes listed in in Tables 10 or 12 as compared to the expression levels of these genes in cells from the parental SiMa cell line DSMZ ACC 164. In other aspects of this embodiment, cells from an established clonal cell line susceptible to BoNT/A intoxication exhibit a decrease in gene expression levels of one or more genes listed in Tables 6 or 8 of, e.g., at least a 1.5-fold, at least a 2.0-fold, at least a 2.5-fold, at least a 3.0-fold, at least a 3.5-fold, at least a 4.0-fold, at least a 4.5-fold, at least a 5.0-fold, at least a 5.5-fold, at least a 6.0-fold, at least 7.0-fold, or at least 8.0-fold as compared to the expression levels of these genes in cells from the 2D6 cell line, and a decrease in gene expression levels of one or more genes listed in Tables 10 or 12 of, e.g., at least a 1.5-fold, at least a 2.0-fold, at least a 2.5-fold, at least a 3.0-fold, at least a 3.5-fold, at least a 4.0-fold, at least a 4.5-fold, at least a 5.0-fold, at least a 5.5-fold, at least a 6.0-fold, at least 7.0-fold, or at least 8.0-fold as compared to the expression levels of these genes in cells from the parental SiMa cell line DSMZ ACC 164. In other aspects of this embodiment, cells from an established clonal cell line susceptible to BoNT/A intoxication exhibit a decrease in gene expression levels of, e.g., 2 or more genes, 3 or more genes, 4 or more genes, 5 or more genes, 6 or more genes, 7 or more genes, 8 or more genes, 9 or more genes, 10 or more genes, 20 or more genes, 30 or more genes, 40 or more genes, 50 or more genes, 60 or more genes, 70 or more genes, 80 or more genes, 90 or more genes, or 100 or more genes listed in Tables 6 or 8 as compared to the expression levels of these genes in cells from the 2D6 cell line, and listed in Tables 10 or 12 as compared to the expression levels of these genes in cells from the parental SiMa cell line DSMZ ACC 164. In yet other aspects cells from an established clonal cell line susceptible to BoNT/A intoxication exhibit a decrease in gene expression levels of, e.g., about 5 genes to about 100 genes, about 10 genes to about 100 genes, about 15 genes to about 100 genes, about 20 genes to about 100 genes, about 25 genes to about 100 genes, about 5 genes to about 75 genes, about 10 genes to about 75 genes, about 15 genes to about 75 genes, about 20 genes to about 75 genes, about 25 genes to about 75 genes, about 5 genes to about 50 genes, about 10 genes to about 50 genes, about 15 genes to about 50 genes, about 20 genes to about 50 genes, or about 25 genes to about 50 genes listed in Tables 6 or 8 as compared to the expression levels of these genes in cells from the 2D6 cell line, and listed in Tables 10 or 12 as compared to the expression levels of these genes in cells from the parental SiMa cell line DSMZ ACC 164.

In an embodiment, cells from an established clonal cell line susceptible to BoNT/A intoxication exhibit at least a 1.5-fold decrease in gene expression levels of one or more genes selected from ABTB1, ACOT1, ACYP2, ADARB1, ADCY1, ANKRD50, ASAM, ASPHD1, ATP2B3, BACE1, BRUNOL4, BRWD1, BTN3A3, C16ORF52, C1ORF21, C21ORF57, C2CD2, C2CD4A, C3ORF23, C9ORF150, CAMK2N2, CAP2, CAPN2, CARTPT, CD302, CDH12, CDKN2A, CDS1, CFC1, CLCN3, CLDN12, CLMN, CNGA3, CNNM1, CNOT6L, COL6A1, CYGB, CYLD, CYP2E1, CYTL1, D4S234E, DCLK1, DCTD, DUSP16, EFNB3, ERAP1, ERBB2, ERBB4, ETFDH, FAM162B, FAM165B, FAM46A, FBXW7, FGD5, FGF13, FOXO6, FSTL1, GAL, GLT25D2, GNAS, GPR123, GPX7, GRM5, GUCY1A3, HCG 1776018, HELQ, HERPUD2, HIST1H2AC, HIST1H2BD, HIST1H2BK, HIST2H2BE, HNRNPR, HPCAL1, IL10RB, JMY, KAT2B, KBTBD11, KCNMA1, KCNQ2, KHDC1, KIAA1598, KLHDC1, LGALS3BP, LIFR, LOC100130522, LOC94431, LRP2BP, LYRM5, MAP3K5, MAP9, MCTP1, MEOX2, MFSD4, MGAT4A, MRPS33, MST1, NAP1L3, NCOA7, NCRNA00171, NDUFA4L2, NDUFV3, NEBL, NHEDC2, NIPAL3, NLRX1, NUDT19, OLFM3, PAM, PAPPA, PCNXL2, PDGFRB, PHKA1, PIGH, PLRG1, PLRG1, PPAPDC1A, PRKACB, PRPH, PTGER2, PTN, PTPRD, RAB6B, RGAG4, RHOU, RNF13, RNF41, RSL1D1, SH3GL2, SH3YL1, SIGIRR, SIK1, SLC12A7, SLC22A17, SLC35F3, SNCA, SPINT2, SPOCK2, ST8SIA3, STAR, STEAP3, STOX2, SYNJ1, SYT13, TM2D1, TMEM184C, TMEM5, TMEM59L, TMIE, TTC39C, TUSC3, TXLNB, UCN, WDFY3, WDFY3, ZNF641, and/or ZNF662, as compared to the expression levels of these genes in cells from both the 2D6 cell line and the parental SiMa cell line DSMZ ACC 164.

In an aspect of this embodiment, cells from an established clonal cell line susceptible to BoNT/A intoxication exhibit at least a 1.5-fold decrease in gene expression levels of one or more genes selected from ACOT1, ADARB1, ASAM, C2CD4A, C3ORF23, CAP2, CARTPT, CFC1, CNGA3, CYGB, CYP2E1, CYTL1, FGF13, GAL, GPX7, GRM5, HCG 1776018, HIST1H2AC, HIST1H2BD, KCNMA1, KIAA1598, MEOX2, NDUFA4L2, PPAPDC1A, PRKACB, PTGER2, PTN, SLC35F3, SYT13, TMIE, TXLNB, and/or ZNF662, as compared to the expression levels of these genes in cells from both the 2D6 cell line and the parental SiMa cell line DSMZ ACC 164.

In another aspect of this embodiment, cells from an established clonal cell line susceptible to BoNT/A intoxication exhibit at least a 1.5-fold decrease in gene expression levels of one or more genes selected from ACOT1, ASAM, C2CD4A, C3ORF23, CAP2, CARTPT, CFC1, CNGA3, CYGB, CYP2E1, CYTL1, FGF13, GAL, GPX7, KIAA1598, MEOX2, NDUFA4L2, PPAPDC1A, PTN, SLC35F3, SYT13, TMIE, and/or ZNF662, as compared to the expression levels of these genes in cells from both the 2D6 cell line and the parental SiMa cell line DSMZ ACC 164.

In yet another aspect of this embodiment, cells from an established clonal cell line susceptible to BoNT/A intoxication exhibit at least a 1.5-fold decrease in gene expression levels of one or more genes selected from CAP2, CARTPT, CNGA3, CYGB, CYP2E1, CYTL1, FGF13, GAL, MEOX2, NDUFA4L2, SLC35F3, SYT13, TMIE, and/or ZNF662, as compared to the expression levels of these genes in cells from both the 2D6 cell line and the parental SiMa cell line DSMZ ACC 164.

In another embodiment, cells from an established clonal cell line susceptible to BoNT/A intoxication exhibit at least a 1.5-fold decrease in gene expression levels of one or more genes selected from CAP2, CDKN2A, CNGA3, FAM162B, FGF13, FOXO6, FSTL1, KCNMA1, KHDC1, LIFR, MCTP1, MEOX2, PPAPDC1A, PTN, SYT13, TMIE, and/or ZNF662, as compared to the expression levels of these genes in cells from both the 2D6 cell line and the parental SiMa cell line DSMZ ACC 164.

In an aspect of this embodiment, cells from an established clonal cell line susceptible to BoNT/A intoxication exhibit at least a 1.5-fold decrease in gene expression levels of one or more genes selected from CAP2, CDKN2A, CNGA3, FGF13, FOXO6, FSTL1, KCNMA1, KHDC1, MCTP1, MEOX2, PPAPDC1A, PTN, SYT13, TMIE, and/or ZNF662, as compared to the expression levels of these genes in cells from both the 2D6 cell line and the parental SiMa cell line DSMZ ACC 164.

In another aspect of this embodiment, cells from an established clonal cell line susceptible to BoNT/A intoxication exhibit at least a 1.5-fold decrease in gene expression levels of one or more genes selected from CNGA3, FGF13, KCNMA1, MEOX2, PPAPDC1A, PTN, SYT13, TMIE, and/or ZNF662, as compared to the expression levels of these genes in cells from both the 2D6 cell line and the parental SiMa cell line DSMZ ACC 164.

In yet another aspect of this embodiment, cells from an established clonal cell line susceptible to BoNT/A intoxication exhibit at least a 1.5-fold decrease in gene expression levels of one or more genes selected from CNGA3, FGF13, MEOX2, PPAPDC1A, PTN, SYT13, TMIE, and/or ZNF662, as compared to the expression levels of these genes in cells from both the 2D6 cell line and the parental SiMa cell line DSMZ ACC 164.

In still another aspect of this embodiment, cells from an established clonal cell line susceptible to BoNT/A intoxication exhibit at least a 1.5-fold decrease in gene expression levels of one or more genes selected from CNGA3, FGF13, MEOX2, SYT13, TMIE, and/or ZNF662, as compared to the expression levels of these genes in cells from both the 2D6 cell line and the parental SiMa cell line DSMZ ACC 164.

In another embodiment, cells from an established clonal cell line susceptible to BoNT/A intoxication exhibit at least a 1.5-fold difference in gene expression levels of one or more genes listed in Tables 14 or 16 as compared to the expression levels of these genes in cells from both the 2D6 cell line and the parental SiMa cell line DSMZ ACC 164. In aspects of this embodiment, cells from an established clonal cell line susceptible to BoNT/A intoxication exhibit at least a 1.5-fold difference in gene expression levels of one or more genes listed in Tables 14 or 16 as compared to the expression levels of these genes in cells from both the 2D6 cell line and the parental SiMa cell line DSMZ ACC 164. In other aspects of this embodiment, cells from an established clonal cell line susceptible to BoNT/A intoxication exhibit a difference in gene expression levels of one or more genes listed in Tables 14 or 16 of, e.g., at least a 1.5-fold, at least a 2.0-fold, at least a 2.5-fold, at least a 3.0-fold, at least a 3.5-fold, at least a 4.0-fold, at least a 4.5-fold, at least a 5.0-fold, at least a 5.5-fold, at least a 6.0-fold, at least a 7.0-fold, or at least a 8.0-fold as compared to the expression levels of these genes in cells from both the 2D6 cell line and the parental SiMa cell line DSMZ ACC 164. In other aspects of this embodiment, cells from an established clonal cell line susceptible to BoNT/A intoxication exhibit an increase in gene expression levels of, e.g., 2 or more genes, 3 or more genes, 4 or more genes, 5 or more genes, 6 or more genes, 7 or more genes, 8 or more genes, 9 or more genes, 10 or more genes, 20 or more genes, 30 or more genes, 40 or more genes, 50 or more genes, 60 or more genes, 70 or more genes, 80 or more genes, 90 or more genes, or 100 or more genes listed in Tables 14 or 16 as compared to the expression levels of these genes in cells from both the 2D6 cell line and the parental SiMa cell line DSMZ ACC 164. In yet other aspects cells from an established clonal cell line susceptible to BoNT/A intoxication exhibit an increase in gene expression levels of, e.g., about 5 genes to about 100 genes, about 10 genes to about 100 genes, about 15 genes to about 100 genes, about 20 genes to about 100 genes, about 25 genes to about 100 genes, about 5 genes to about 75 genes, about 10 genes to about 75 genes, about 15 genes to about 75 genes, about 20 genes to about 75 genes, about 25 genes to about 75 genes, about 5 genes to about 50 genes, about 10 genes to about 50 genes, about 15 genes to about 50 genes, about 20 genes to about 50 genes, or about 25 genes to about 50 genes listed in Tables 14 or 16 as compared to the expression levels of these genes in cells from both the 2D6 cell line and the parental SiMa cell line DSMZ ACC 164.

In an embodiment, cells from an established clonal cell line susceptible to BoNT/A intoxication exhibit at least a 1.5-fold difference in gene expression levels of one or more genes selected from ACOT9, ADAMTS9, ARHGAP24, ARHGEF3, ASCL1, BARD1, BASP1, C3ORF70, C11ORF75, CCDC109B, CD9, CDCA7L, CDK2, CENPL, CLSTN2, CNTN1, CSRP2, CTSL2, CUGBP2, DEPDC1, DIAPH3, DOK5, DPYD, DYNLT3, EMILIN2, ETV1, FAM101B, FBLN1, FGFR2, FNDC5, GNAI1, GNB4, GNG11, GNG12, GPR177, GTSE1, HGF, KITLG, LPAR1, MAB21L2, MAOA, MCM10, MINA, MSN, MYO6, MYRIP, PAG1, PEG3, PLK2, POLA2, PPP1R3C, PRLHR, PRSS12, PTGR1, PTPRK, PVRL3, RAB32, RBPMS, SDC2, SGOL2, SLC43A3, SLC7A2, SMC2, SMC6, SPARC, SPC25, ST8SIA4, TCF7L1, TFPI2, TMEM35, TMEM178, TNFAIP8, TPTE, TRIP10, TWIST1, and/or ZNF521, as compared to the expression levels of these genes in cells from both the 2D6 cell line and the parental SiMa cell line DSMZ ACC 164. In another aspect of this embodiment, cells from an established clonal cell line susceptible to BoNT/A intoxication exhibit at least a 1.5-fold difference in gene expression levels of one or more genes selected from ADAMTS9, ARHGAP24, ASCL1, BARD1, BASP1, BYES, C11ORF75, CDCA7L, CNTN1, CUGBP2, DOK5, DPYD, DYNLT3, FBLN1, FGFR2, GNAI1, GNB4, GNG11, GNG12, GTSE1, GTSF1, ITPRIP, KDELC2, LOC728052, LPAR1, MAB21L2, MAOA, MINA, MSN, PEG3, PLK2, PRLHR, PRSS12, PTPRK, RBPMS, RNF182, SGOL2, SLC43A3, SLC44A5, SLC7A2, SMC6, SPARC, TFPI2, TMEM178, and/or TPTE, as compared to the expression levels of these genes in cells from both the 2D6 cell line and the parental SiMa cell line DSMZ ACC 164. In yet another aspect of this embodiment, cells from an established clonal cell line susceptible to BoNT/A intoxication exhibit at least a 1.5-fold difference in gene expression levels of one or more genes selected from ADAMTS9, ASCL1, BASP1, DOK5, DPYD, GNB4, GNG11, GTSF1, MAOA, MINA, MSN, PEG3, PLK2, PRSS12, RNF182, SLC44A5, SPARC, TFPI2, and/or TPTE, as compared to the expression levels of these genes in cells from both the 2D6 cell line and the parental SiMa cell line DSMZ ACC 164.

In another embodiment, cells from an established clonal cell line susceptible to BoNT/A intoxication exhibit at least a 1.5-fold increase in gene expression levels of one or more genes selected from ADAMTS9, ARHGAP24, ARHGEF3, ASCL1, BARD1, CD9, CDK2, CSRP2, CTSL2, DIAPH3, DOK5, DYNLT3, EMILIN2, ETV1, FBLN1, FGFR2, GNAI1, GNB4, GNG11, GNG12, HGF, KITLG, LPAR1, MCM10, MSN, PAG1, PEG3, PLK2, POLA2, PPP1R3C, PTPRK, RAB32, SDC2, SLC43A3, SLC7A2, SMC6, SPARC, SPC25, ST8SIA4, TCF7L1, TFPI2, TMEM35, TNFAIP8, TPTE, TRIP10, and/or TWIST1, as compared to the expression levels of these genes in cells from both the 2D6 cell line and the parental SiMa cell line DSMZ ACC 164. In an aspect of this embodiment, cells from an established clonal cell line susceptible to BoNT/A intoxication exhibit at least a 1.5-fold increase in gene expression levels of one or more genes selected from ADAMTS9, ARHGAP24, ASCL1, BARD1, DOK5, DYNLT3, FBLN1, FGFR2, GNAI1, GNB4, GNG11, GNG12, LPAR1, MSN, PEG3, PLK2, PTPRK, SLC43A3, SLC7A2, SMC6, SPARC, TFPI2, and/or TPTE, as compared to the expression levels of these genes in cells from both the 2D6 cell line and the parental SiMa cell line DSMZ ACC 164. In another aspect of this embodiment, cells from an established clonal cell line susceptible to BoNT/A intoxication exhibit at least a 1.5-fold increase in gene expression levels of one or more genes selected from ADAMTS9, ASCL1, DOK5, GNB4, GNG11, MSN, PEG3, PLK2, SPARC, TFPI2, and/or TPTE, as compared to the expression levels of these genes in cells from both the 2D6 cell line and the parental SiMa cell line DSMZ ACC 164.

In yet another embodiment, cells from an established clonal cell line susceptible to BoNT/A intoxication exhibit at least a 1.5-fold increase in gene expression levels of one or more genes selected from ACOT9, BASP1, C11ORF75, CCDC109B, CDCA7L, CLSTN2, CNTN1, CUGBP2, DEPDC1, DPYD, FAM101B, FNDC5, GTSE1, MAOA, MINA, MYO6, MYRIP, PLK2, PRLHR, PVRL3, RBPMS, SGOL2, SMC2, TFP12, TMEM178, and/or ZNF521, as compared to the expression levels of these genes in cells from both the 2D6 cell line and the parental SiMa cell line DSMZ ACC 164. In an aspect of this embodiment, cells from an established clonal cell line susceptible to BoNT/A intoxication exhibit at least a 1.5-fold increase in gene expression levels of one or more genes selected from BASP1, C11ORF75, CDCA7L, CNTN1, CUGBP2, DPYD, GTSE1, MAOA, MINA, PLK2, PRLHR, RBPMS, SGOL2, TFPI2, and/or TMEM178, as compared to the expression levels of these genes in cells from both the 2D6 cell line and the parental SiMa cell line DSMZ ACC 164. In another aspect of this embodiment, cells from an established clonal cell line susceptible to BoNT/A intoxication exhibit at least a 1.5-fold increase in gene expression levels of one or more genes selected from BASP1, DPYD, MAOA, MINA, PLK2, and/or TFPI2, as compared to the expression levels of these genes in cells from both the 2D6 cell line and the parental SiMa cell line DSMZ ACC 164.

In a still another embodiment, cells from an established clonal cell line susceptible to BoNT/A intoxication exhibit at least a 1.5-fold increase in gene expression levels of one or more genes selected from C3ORF70, MAB21L2, PRSS12, CENPL, GPR177, and/or PTGR1, as compared to the expression levels of these genes in cells from both the 2D6 cell line and the parental SiMa cell line DSMZ ACC 164. In an aspect of this embodiment, cells from an established clonal cell line susceptible to BoNT/A intoxication exhibit at least a 1.5-fold increase in gene expression levels of one or more genes selected from MAB21L2 and/or PRSS12, as compared to the expression levels of these genes in cells from both the 2D6 cell line and the parental SiMa cell line DSMZ ACC 164.

Aspects of the present disclosure comprise, in part, cells from an established clonal cell line susceptible to BoNT/A intoxication that exhibit an equivalent or lower EC₅₀for BoNT/A activity relative to the EC₅₀for BoNT/A activity of cells from a parental SiMa cell line. In an aspect of this embodiment, cells from an established clonal cell line susceptible to BoNT/A intoxication exhibit an equivalent or lower EC₅₀for BoNT/A activity relative to the EC₅₀for BoNT/A activity of cells from the parental SiMa cell line DSMZ ACC 164. In an aspect of this embodiment, cells from an established clonal cell line susceptible to BoNT/A intoxication exhibit an equivalent EC₅₀for BoNT/A activity relative to the EC₅₀for BoNT/A activity of cells from the parental SiMa cell line DSMZ ACC 164. In aspects of this embodiment, cells from an established clonal cell line susceptible to BoNT/A intoxication exhibit a lower EC₅₀for BoNT/A activity of, e.g., at least 10%, at least 20%, at least 30%, at least 40%, at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, at least 90%, or at least 100% relative to the EC₅₀for BoNT/A activity of cells from the parental SiMa cell line DSMZ ACC 164. In other aspects of this embodiment, cells from an established clonal cell line susceptible to BoNT/A intoxication exhibit a lower EC₅₀for BoNT/A activity of, e.g., at least 110%, at least 120%, at least 130%, at least 140%, at least 150%, at least 160%, at least 170%, at least 180%, at least 190%, or at least 200% relative to the EC₅₀for BoNT/A activity of cells from the parental SiMa cell line DSMZ ACC 164. In yet other aspects of this embodiment, cells from an established clonal cell line susceptible to BoNT/A intoxication exhibit a lower EC₅₀for BoNT/A activity of, e.g., at least 225%, at least 250%, at least 275%, at least 300%, at least 325%, at least 350%, at least 375%, at least 400%, at least 425%, at least 450%, at least 475%, or at least 500% relative to the EC₅₀for BoNT/A activity of cells from the parental SiMa cell line DSMZ ACC 164. In still other aspects of this embodiment, cells from an established clonal cell line susceptible to BoNT/A intoxication exhibit an EC₅₀for BoNT/A activity of, e.g., 10 pM or less, 9 pM or less, 8 pM or less, 7 pM or less, 6 pM or less, 5 pM or less, 4 pM or less, 3.0 pM or less, 2.9 pM or less, 2.8 pM or less, 2.7 pM or less, 2.6 pM or less, 2.5 pM or less, 2.4 pM or less, 2.3 pM or less, 2.2 pM or less, 2.1 pM or less, 2.0 pM or less, 1.9 pM or less, 1.8 pM or less, 1.7 pM or less, 1.6 pM or less, 1.5 pM or less, 1.4 pM or less, 1.3 pM or less, 1.2 pM or less, 1.1 pM or less, 1.0 pM or less, 0.9 pM or less, 0.8 pM or less, 0.7 pM or less, 0.6 pM or less, 0.5 pM or less, 0.4 pM or less, 0.3 pM or less, 0.2 pM or less, or 0.1 pM or less.

Aspects of the present disclosure comprise, in part, a BoNT/A. As used herein, the term “BoNT/A” is synonymous with “botulinum neurotoxin serotype A” or “botulinum neurotoxin type A” and refers to both a naturally-occurring BoNT/A or a non-naturally occurring BoNT/As thereof, and includes BoNT/A complex comprising the about 150 kDa BoNT/A neurotoxin and associated non-toxin associated proteins (NAPs), as well as the about 150 kDa BoNT/A neurotoxin alone. Non-limiting examples of BoNT/A complexes include, e.g., the 900-kDa BoNT/A complex, the 500-kDa BoNT/A complex, the 300-kDa BoNT/A complex. Non-limiting examples of the about 150 kDa BoNT/A neurotoxin include, e.g., SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 2, SEQ ID NO: 3, SEQ ID NO: 4.

As used herein, the term “naturally occurring BoNT/A” refers to any BoNT/A produced by a naturally-occurring process, including, without limitation, BoNT/A isoforms produced from a post-translational modification, an alternatively-spliced transcript, or a spontaneous mutation, and BoNT/A subtypes, such as, e.g., a BoNT/A1 subtype, BoNT/A2 subtype, BoNT/A3 subtype, BoNT/A4 subtype, and BoNT/A5 subtype. A naturally occurring BoNT/A includes, without limitation, SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 2, SEQ ID NO: 3, SEQ ID NO: 4, or one that substitutes, deletes or adds, e.g., 1 or more, 2 or more, 3 or more, 4 or more, 5 or more, 6 or more, 7 or more, 8 or more, 9 or more, 10 or more, 20 or more, 30 or more, 40 or more, 50 or more, or 100 amino acids from SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 2, SEQ ID NO: 3, or SEQ ID NO: 4. Commercially available pharmaceutical compositions of a naturally-occurring BoNT/A includes, without limitation, BOTOX® (Allergan, Inc., Irvine, Calif.), DYSPORT®/RELOXIN®, (Ipsen Ltd., Slough, England), PURTOX® (Mentor Corp., Santa Barbara, Calif.), XEOMIN® (Merz Pharmaceuticals, GmbH., Frankfurt, Germany), NEURONOX® (Medy-Tox, Inc., Ochang-myeon, South Korea), BTX-A.

As used herein, the term “non-naturally occurring BoNT/A” refers to any BoNT/A whose structure was modified with the aid of human manipulation, including, without limitation, a BoNT/A with an altered amino acid sequence produced by genetic engineering using random mutagenesis or rational design and a BoNT/A produced by in vitro chemical synthesis. Non-limiting examples of non-naturally occurring BoNT/As are described in, e.g., Steward, L. E. et al., Post-translational Modifications and Clostridial Neurotoxins, U.S. Pat. No. 7,223,577; Dolly, J. O. et al., Activatable Clostridial Toxins, U.S. Pat. No. 7,419,676; Steward, L. E. et al., Clostridial Neurotoxin Compositions and Modified Clostridial Neurotoxins, US 2004/0220386; Steward, L. E. et al., Modified Clostridial Toxins With Enhanced Targeting Capabilities For Endogenous Clostridial Toxin Receptor Systems, U.S. Patent Publication No. 2008/0096248; Steward, L. E. et al., Modified Clostridial Toxins With Altered Targeting Capabilities For Clostridial Toxin Target Cells, U.S. Patent Publication No. 2008/0161543; Steward, L. E. et al., Modified Clostridial Toxins With Enhanced Translocation Capabilities and Altered Targeting Activity For Clostridial Toxin Target Cells, U.S. Patent Publication No. 2008/0241881, each of which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.

Thus in an embodiment, the BoNT/A activity being detected is from a naturally occurring BoNT/A. In aspects of this embodiment, the BoNT/A activity being detected is from a BoNT/A isoform or a BoNT/A subtype. In aspects of this embodiment, the BoNT/A activity being detected is from the BoNT/A of SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 2, SEQ ID NO: 3, or SEQ ID NO: 4. In other aspects of this embodiment, the BoNT/A activity being detected is from a BoNT/A having, e.g., at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, or at least 95% amino acid identity with SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 2, SEQ ID NO: 3, or SEQ ID NO: 4. In other aspects of this embodiment, the BoNT/A activity being detected is from BOTOX®, DYSPORT®/RELOXIN®, PURTOX®, XEOMIN®, NEURONOX®, or BTX-A.

In another embodiment, the BoNT/A activity being detected is from a non-naturally occurring BoNT/A. In other aspects of this embodiment, the BoNT/A activity being detected is from a non-naturally occurring BoNT/A variant having, e.g., at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, or at least 95% amino acid identity with SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 2, SEQ ID NO: 3, or SEQ ID NO: 4. In other aspects of this embodiment, the BoNT/A activity being detected is from a non-naturally occurring BoNT/A variant having, e.g., 1 or more, 2 or more, 3 or more, 4 or more, 5 or more, 6 or more, 7 or more, 8 or more, 9 or more, 10 or more, 20 or more, 30 or more, 40 or more, 50 or more, or 100 or more non-contiguous amino acid substitutions, deletions, or additions relative to SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 2, SEQ ID NO: 3, or SEQ ID NO: 4. In yet other aspects of this embodiment, the BoNT/A activity being detected is from a non-naturally occurring BoNT/A variant having, e.g., 1 or more, 2 or more, 3 or more, 4 or more, 5 or more, 6 or more, 7 or more, 8 or more, 9 or more, 10 or more, 20 or more, 30 or more, 40 or more, 50 or more, or 100 or more contiguous amino acid substitutions, deletions, or additions relative to SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 2, SEQ ID NO: 3, or SEQ ID NO: 4.

Aspects of the present disclosure comprise, in part, a SNAP-25. As used herein, the term “SNAP-25” refers to a naturally-occurring SNAP-25 or a non-naturally occurring SNAP-25 which is preferentially cleaved by a BoNT/A. As used herein, the term “preferentially cleaved” refers to that the cleavage rate of a BoNT/A substrate by a BoNT/A that is at least one order of magnitude higher than the cleavage rate of any other substrate by BoNT/A. In aspects of this embodiment, the cleavage rate of a BoNT/A substrate by a BoNT/A that is at least two orders of magnitude higher, at least three orders of magnitude higher, at least four orders of magnitude higher, or at least five orders of magnitude higher than the cleavage rate of any other substrate by BoNT/A.

As used herein, the term “naturally occurring SNAP-25” refers to any SNAP-25 produced by a naturally-occurring process, including, without limitation, SNAP-25 isoforms produced from a post-translational modification, an alternatively-spliced transcript, or a spontaneous mutation, and SNAP-25 subtypes. A naturally occurring SNAP-25 includes, without limitation, SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 6, SEQ ID NO: 7, SEQ ID NO: 8, SEQ ID NO: 9, SEQ ID NO: 10, SEQ ID NO: 11, SEQ ID NO: 12, SEQ ID NO: 13, SEQ ID NO: 14, SEQ ID NO: 15, SEQ ID NO: 16, SEQ ID NO: 17, SEQ ID NO: 18, SEQ ID NO: 19, SEQ ID NO: 20, SEQ ID NO: 21, SEQ ID NO: 22, SEQ ID NO: 23, or SEQ ID NO: 24, or one that substitutes, deletes or adds, e.g., 1 or more, 2 or more, 3 or more, 4 or more, 5 or more, 6 or more, 7 or more, 8 or more, 9 or more, 10 or more, 20 or more, 30 or more, 40 or more, 50 or more, or 100 or more amino acids from SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 6, SEQ ID NO: 7, SEQ ID NO: 8, SEQ ID NO: 9, SEQ ID NO: 10, SEQ ID NO: 11, SEQ ID NO: 12, SEQ ID NO: 13, SEQ ID NO: 14, SEQ ID NO: 15, SEQ ID NO: 16, SEQ ID NO: 17, SEQ ID NO: 18, SEQ ID NO: 19, SEQ ID NO: 20, SEQ ID NO: 21, SEQ ID NO: 22, SEQ ID NO: 23, or SEQ ID NO: 24.

As used herein, the term “non-naturally occurring SNAP-25” refers to any SNAP-25 whose structure was modified with the aid of human manipulation, including, without limitation, a SNAP-25 produced by genetic engineering using random mutagenesis or rational design and a SNAP-25 produced by in vitro chemical synthesis. Non-limiting examples of non-naturally occurring SNAP-25s are described in, e.g., Steward, L. E. et al., FRET Protease Assays for Clostridial Toxins, U.S. Pat. No. 7,332,567; Fernandez-Salas et al., Lipohilic Dye-based FRET Assays for Clostridial Toxin Activity, U.S. Patent Publication 2008/0160561, each of which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. A non-naturally occurring SNAP-25 may substitute, delete or add, e.g., 1 or more, 2 or more, 3 or more, 4 or more, 5 or more, 6 or more, 7 or more, 8 or more, 9 or more, 10 or more, 20 or more, 30 or more, 40 or more, 50 or more, or 100 or more amino acids from SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 6, SEQ ID NO: 7, SEQ ID NO: 8, SEQ ID NO: 9, SEQ ID NO: 10, SEQ ID NO: 11, SEQ ID NO: 12, SEQ ID NO: 13, SEQ ID NO: 14, SEQ ID NO: 15, SEQ ID NO: 16, SEQ ID NO: 17, SEQ ID NO: 18, SEQ ID NO: 19, SEQ ID NO: 20, SEQ ID NO: 21, SEQ ID NO: 22, SEQ ID NO: 23, or SEQ ID NO: 24.

Thus in an embodiment, a SNAP-25 is a naturally occurring SNAP-25. In aspects of this embodiment, the SNAP-25 is a SNAP-25 isoform or a SNAP-25 subtype. In aspects of this embodiment, the naturally occurring SNAP-25 is the naturally occurring SNAP-25 of SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 6, SEQ ID NO: 7, SEQ ID NO: 8, SEQ ID NO: 9, SEQ ID NO: 10, SEQ ID NO: 11, SEQ ID NO: 12, SEQ ID NO: 13, SEQ ID NO: 14, SEQ ID NO: 15, SEQ ID NO: 16, SEQ ID NO: 17, SEQ ID NO: 18, SEQ ID NO: 19, SEQ ID NO: 20, SEQ ID NO: 21, SEQ ID NO: 22, SEQ ID NO: 23, or SEQ ID NO: 24. In other aspects of this embodiment, the SNAP-25 is a naturally occurring SNAP-25 having, e.g., at least 70% amino acid identity, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, or at least 95% amino acid identity with SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 6, SEQ ID NO: 7, SEQ ID NO: 8, SEQ ID NO: 9, SEQ ID NO: 10, SEQ ID NO: 11, SEQ ID NO: 12, SEQ ID NO: 13, SEQ ID NO: 14, SEQ ID NO: 15, SEQ ID NO: 16, SEQ ID NO: 17, SEQ ID NO: 18, SEQ ID NO: 19, SEQ ID NO: 20, SEQ ID NO: 21, SEQ ID NO: 22, SEQ ID NO: 23, or SEQ ID NO: 24.

In another embodiment, a SNAP-25 is a non-naturally occurring SNAP-25. In other aspects of this embodiment, the SNAP-25 is a non-naturally occurring SNAP-25 having, e.g., at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, or at least 95% amino acid identity with SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 6, SEQ ID NO: 7, SEQ ID NO: 8, SEQ ID NO: 9, SEQ ID NO: 10, SEQ ID NO: 11, SEQ ID NO: 12, SEQ ID NO: 13, SEQ ID NO: 14, SEQ ID NO: 15, SEQ ID NO: 16, SEQ ID NO: 17, SEQ ID NO: 18, SEQ ID NO: 19, SEQ ID NO: 20, SEQ ID NO: 21, SEQ ID NO: 22, SEQ ID NO: 23, or SEQ ID NO: 24. In other aspects of this embodiment, the SNAP-25 is a non-naturally occurring SNAP-25 having, e.g., 1 or more, 2 or more, 3 or more, 4 or more, 5 or more, 6 or more, 7 or more, 8 or more, 9 or more, 10 or more, 20 or more, 30 or more, 40 or more, 50 or more, or 100 or more non-contiguous amino acid substitutions, deletions, or additions relative to SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 6, SEQ ID NO: 7, SEQ ID NO: 8, SEQ ID NO: 9, SEQ ID NO: 10, SEQ ID NO: 11, SEQ ID NO: 12, SEQ ID NO: 13, SEQ ID NO: 14, SEQ ID NO: 15, SEQ ID NO: 16, SEQ ID NO: 17, SEQ ID NO: 18, SEQ ID NO: 19, SEQ ID NO: 20, SEQ ID NO: 21, SEQ ID NO: 22, SEQ ID NO: 23, or SEQ ID NO: 24. In yet other aspects of this embodiment, the SNAP-25 is a non-naturally occurring SNAP-25 having, e.g., 1 or more, 2 or more, 3 or more, 4 or more, 5 or more, 6 or more, 7 or more, 8 or more, 9 or more, 10 or more, 20 or more, 30 or more, 40 or more, 50 or more, or 100 or more contiguous amino acid substitutions, deletions, or additions relative to SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 6, SEQ ID NO: 7, SEQ ID NO: 8, SEQ ID NO: 9, SEQ ID NO: 10, SEQ ID NO: 11, SEQ ID NO: 12, SEQ ID NO: 13, SEQ ID NO: 14, SEQ ID NO: 15, SEQ ID NO: 16, SEQ ID NO: 17, SEQ ID NO: 18, SEQ ID NO: 19, SEQ ID NO: 20, SEQ ID NO: 21, SEQ ID NO: 22, SEQ ID NO: 23, or SEQ ID NO: 24.

A SNAP-25 can be an endogenous SNAP-25 or an exogenous SNAP-25. As used herein, the term “endogenous SNAP-25” refers to a SNAP-25 naturally present in the cell because it is naturally encoded within the cell's genome, such that the cell inherently expresses the SNAP-25 without the need of an external source of SNAP-25 or an external source of genetic material encoding a SNAP-25. The expression of an endogenous SNAP-25 may be with or without environmental stimulation such as, e.g., cell differentiation. By definition, an endogenous SNAP-25 can only be a naturally-occurring SNAP-25 or variants thereof. For example, the following established cell lines express an endogenous SNAP-25: BE(2)-M17, Kelly, LA1-55n, N1E-115, N4TG3, N18, Neuro-2a, NG108-15, PC12, SH-SY5Y, SiMa, and SK-N-BE(2)-C.

As used herein, the term “exogenous SNAP-25” refers to a SNAP-25 expressed in a cell through the introduction of an external source of SNAP-25 or an external source of genetic material encoding a SNAP-25 by human manipulation. The expression of an exogenous SNAP-25 may be with or without environmental stimulation such as, e.g., cell differentiation. As a non-limiting example, cells from an established clonal cell line can express an exogenous SNAP-25 by transient or stably transfection of a SNAP-25 coding sequence. As another non-limiting example, cells from an established clonal cell line can express an exogenous SNAP-25 by protein transfection of a SNAP-25. An exogenous SNAP-25 can be a naturally-occurring SNAP-25 or variants thereof, or a non-naturally occurring SNAP-25 or variants thereof.

Thus in an embodiment, cells from an established clonal cell line express an endogenous SNAP-25. In aspects of this embodiment, the endogenous SNAP-25 expressed by cells from an established clonal cell line is a naturally-occurring SNAP-25. In other aspects of this embodiment, the endogenous SNAP-25 expressed by cells from an established clonal cell line is SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 6, SEQ ID NO: 7, SEQ ID NO: 8, SEQ ID NO: 9, SEQ ID NO: 10, SEQ ID NO: 11, SEQ ID NO: 12, SEQ ID NO: 13, SEQ ID NO: 14, SEQ ID NO: 15, SEQ ID NO: 16, SEQ ID NO: 17, SEQ ID NO: 18, SEQ ID NO: 19, SEQ ID NO: 20, SEQ ID NO: 21, SEQ ID NO: 22, SEQ ID NO: 23, or SEQ ID NO: 24. In yet other aspects of this embodiment, the endogenous SNAP-25 expressed by cells from an established clonal cell line is a naturally occurring SNAP-25, such as, e.g., a SNAP-25 isoform or a SNAP-25 subtype. In other aspects of this embodiment, the endogenous SNAP-25 expressed by cells from an established clonal cell line is a naturally occurring SNAP-25 having, e.g., at least 70% amino acid identity, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, or at least 95% amino acid identity with SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 6, SEQ ID NO: 7, SEQ ID NO: 8, SEQ ID NO: 9, SEQ ID NO: 10, SEQ ID NO: 11, SEQ ID NO: 12, SEQ ID NO: 13, SEQ ID NO: 14, SEQ ID NO: 15, SEQ ID NO: 16, SEQ ID NO: 17, SEQ ID NO: 18, SEQ ID NO: 19, SEQ ID NO: 20, SEQ ID NO: 21, SEQ ID NO: 22, SEQ ID NO: 23, or SEQ ID NO: 24.

In another embodiment, cells from an established clonal cell line are transiently or stably engineered to express an exogenous SNAP-25. In an aspect of this embodiment, cells from an established clonal cell line are transiently or stably engineered to express a naturally-occurring SNAP-25. In other aspects of this embodiment, cells from an established clonal cell line are transiently or stably engineered to express the naturally-occurring SNAP-25 of SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 6, SEQ ID NO: 7, SEQ ID NO: 8, SEQ ID NO: 9, SEQ ID NO: 10, SEQ ID NO: 11, SEQ ID NO: 12, SEQ ID NO: 13, SEQ ID NO: 14, SEQ ID NO: 15, SEQ ID NO: 16, SEQ ID NO: 17, SEQ ID NO: 18, SEQ ID NO: 19, SEQ ID NO: 20, SEQ ID NO: 21, SEQ ID NO: 22, SEQ ID NO: 23, or SEQ ID NO: 24. In yet other aspects of this embodiment, cells from an established clonal cell line are transiently or stably engineered to express a naturally occurring SNAP-25, such as, e.g., a SNAP-25 isoform or a SNAP-25 subtype. In still other aspects of this embodiment, cells from an established clonal cell line are transiently or stably engineered to express a naturally occurring SNAP-25 having, e.g., at least 70% amino acid identity, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, or at least 95% amino acid identity with SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 6, SEQ ID NO: 7, SEQ ID NO: 8, SEQ ID NO: 9, SEQ ID NO: 10, SEQ ID NO: 11, SEQ ID NO: 12, SEQ ID NO: 13, SEQ ID NO: 14, SEQ ID NO: 15, SEQ ID NO: 16, SEQ ID NO: 17, SEQ ID NO: 18, SEQ ID NO: 19, SEQ ID NO: 20, SEQ ID NO: 21, SEQ ID NO: 22, SEQ ID NO: 23, or SEQ ID NO: 24.

In another aspect of the embodiment, cells from an established clonal cell line are transiently or stably engineered to express a non-naturally occurring SNAP-25. In other aspects of this embodiment, cells from an established clonal cell line are transiently or stably engineered to express a non-naturally occurring SNAP-25 having, e.g., at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, or at least 95% amino acid identity with SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 6, SEQ ID NO: 7, SEQ ID NO: 8, SEQ ID NO: 9, SEQ ID NO: 10, SEQ ID NO: 11, SEQ ID NO: 12, SEQ ID NO: 13, SEQ ID NO: 14, SEQ ID NO: 15, SEQ ID NO: 16, SEQ ID NO: 17, SEQ ID NO: 18, SEQ ID NO: 19, SEQ ID NO: 20, SEQ ID NO: 21, SEQ ID NO: 22, SEQ ID NO: 23, or SEQ ID NO: 24. In other aspects of this embodiment, cells from an established clonal cell line are transiently or stably engineered to express a non-naturally occurring SNAP-25 having, e.g., 1 or more, 2 or more, 3 or more, 4 or more, 5 or more, 6 or more, 7 or more, 8 or more, 9 or more, 10 or more, 20 or more, 30 or more, 40 or more, 50 or more, or 100 or more non-contiguous amino acid substitutions, deletions, or additions relative to SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 6, SEQ ID NO: 7, SEQ ID NO: 8, SEQ ID NO: 9, SEQ ID NO: 10, SEQ ID NO: 11, SEQ ID NO: 12, SEQ ID NO: 13, SEQ ID NO: 14, SEQ ID NO: 15, SEQ ID NO: 16, SEQ ID NO: 17, SEQ ID NO: 18, SEQ ID NO: 19, SEQ ID NO: 20, SEQ ID NO: 21, SEQ ID NO: 22, SEQ ID NO: 23, or SEQ ID NO: 24. In yet other aspects of this embodiment, cells from an established clonal cell line are transiently or stably engineered to express a non-naturally occurring SNAP-25 having, e.g., 1 or more, 2 or more, 3 or more, 4 or more, 5 or more, 6 or more, 7 or more, 8 or more, 9 or more, 10 or more, 20 or more, 30 or more, 40 or more, 50 or more, or 100 or more contiguous amino acid substitutions, deletions, or additions relative to SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 6, SEQ ID NO: 7, SEQ ID NO: 8, SEQ ID NO: 9, SEQ ID NO: 10, SEQ ID NO: 11, SEQ ID NO: 12, SEQ ID NO: 13, SEQ ID NO: 14, SEQ ID NO: 15, SEQ ID NO: 16, SEQ ID NO: 17, SEQ ID NO: 18, SEQ ID NO: 19, SEQ ID NO: 20, SEQ ID NO: 21, SEQ ID NO: 22, SEQ ID NO: 23, or SEQ ID NO: 24.

Assays that detect the cleavage of a BoNT/A substrate after exposure to a BoNT/A can be used to assess whether a cell is expressing an endogenous or an exogenous SNAP-25. In these assays, generation of a SNAP-25 cleavage-product would be detected in cells expressing a SNAP-25 after BoNT/A treatment. Non-limiting examples of specific Western blot analysis, as well as well-characterized reagents, conditions and protocols are readily available from commercial vendors that include, without limitation, Amersham Biosciences, Piscataway, N.J.; Bio-Rad Laboratories, Hercules, Calif.; Pierce Biotechnology, Inc., Rockford, Ill.; Promega Corporation, Madison, Wis., and Stratagene, Inc., La Jolla, Calif. It is understood that these and similar assays for SNAP-25 cleavage can be useful in identifying cells expressing an endogenous or an exogenous SNAP-25.

As non-limiting examples, Western blot analysis using an antibody that recognizes BoNT/A SNAP-25-cleaved product or both the cleaved and uncleaved forms of SNAP-25 can be used to assay for uptake of BoNT/A. Examples of α-SNAP-25 antibodies useful for these assays include, without limitation, α-SNAP-25 mouse monoclonal antibody SMI-81 (Sternberger Monoclonals Inc., Lutherville, Md.), mouse α-SNAP-25 monoclonal antibody CI 71.1 (Synaptic Systems, Goettingen, Germany), α-SNAP-25 mouse monoclonal antibody CI 71.2 (Synaptic Systems, Goettingen, Germany), α-SNAP-25 mouse monoclonal antibody SP12 (Abcam, Cambridge, Mass.), α-SNAP-25 rabbit polyclonal antiserum (Synaptic Systems, Goettingen, Germany), α-SNAP-25 rabbit polyclonal antiserum (Abcam, Cambridge, Mass.), and α-SNAP-25 rabbit polyclonal antiserum S9684 (Sigma, St Louis, Mo.).

Aspects of the present disclosure comprise, in part, a BoNT/A receptor. As used herein, the term “BoNT/A receptor” refers to either a naturally-occurring BoNT/A receptor or a non-naturally occurring BoNT/A receptor which preferentially interacts with BoNT/A in a manner that elicits a BoNT/A intoxication response. As used herein, the term “preferentially interacts” refers to that the equilibrium dissociation constant (KD) of BoNT/A for a BoNT/A receptor is at least one order of magnitude less than that of BoNT/A for any other receptor. The equilibrium dissociation constant, a specific type of equilibrium constant that measures the propensity of an BoNT/A-BoNT/A receptor complex to separate (dissociate) reversibly into its component molecules, namely the BoNT/A and the BoNT/A receptor complex. The disassociation constant is defined as KD=[L][R]/[C], where [L] equals the molar concentration of BoNT/A, [R] is the molar concentration of a BoNT/A receptor, and [C] is the molar concentration of the BoNT/A-BoNT/A receptor complex, and where all concentrations are of such components when the system is at equilibrium. The smaller the dissociation constant, the more tightly bound the BoNT/A is to its receptor, or the higher the binding affinity between BoNT/A and BoNT/A receptor. In aspects of this embodiment, the disassociation constant of BoNT/A for a BoNT/A receptor is at least two orders of magnitude less, at least three orders of magnitude less, at least four orders of magnitude less, or at least five orders of magnitude less than that of BoNT/A for any other receptor. In other aspects of this embodiment, the binding affinity of a BoNT/A that preferentially interacts with a BoNT/A receptor can have an equilibrium disassociation constant of, e.g., of 500 nM or less, 400 nM or less, 300 nM or less, 200 nM, or less 100 nM or less. In other aspects of this embodiment, the binding affinity of a BoNT/A that preferentially interacts with a BoNT/A receptor can have an equilibrium disassociation constant of, e.g., of 90 nM or less, 80 nM or less, 70 nM or less, 60 nM or less, 50 nM or less, 40 nM or less, 30 nM or less, 20 nM, or less 10 nM or less. As used herein, the term “elicits a BoNT/A intoxication response” refers to the ability of a BoNT/A receptor to interact with a BoNT/A to form a neurotoxin/receptor complex and the subsequent internalization of that complex into the cell cytoplasm.

As used herein, the term “naturally occurring BoNT/A receptor” refers to any BoNT/A receptor produced by a naturally-occurring process, including, without limitation, BoNT/A receptor isoforms produced from a post-translational modification, an alternatively-spliced transcript, or a spontaneous mutation, and BoNT/A receptor subtypes. A naturally occurring BoNT/A receptor includes, without limitation, a fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2), a fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3), a synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2 (SV2), and a complex ganglioside like GT1b, such as those described in Ester Fernandez-Salas, et al., Botulinum Toxin Screening Assays, U.S. Patent Publication 2008/0003240; Ester Fernandez-Salas, et al., Botulinum Toxin Screening Assays, U.S. Patent Publication 2008/0182799; Min Dong et al., SV2 is the Protein Receptor for Botulinum Neurotoxin A, Science (2006); S. Mahrhold et al, The Synaptic Vesicle Protein 2C Mediates the Uptake of Botulinum Neurotoxin A into Phrenic Nerves, 580(8) FEBS Lett. 2011-2014 (2006), each of which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. A naturally occurring FGFR2 includes, without limitation, SEQ ID NO: 59, SEQ ID NO: 60, SEQ ID NO: 61, SEQ ID NO: 62, SEQ ID NO: 63, SEQ ID NO: 64, SEQ ID NO: 65, SEQ ID NO: 66, SEQ ID NO: 67, SEQ ID NO: 68, SEQ ID NO: 69, and SEQ ID NO: 70, or one that substitutes, deletes or adds, e.g., 1 or more, 2 or more, 3 or more, 4 or more, 5 or more, 6 or more, 7 or more, 8 or more, 9 or more, 10 or more, 20 or more, 30 or more, 40 or more, 50 or more, or 100 or more amino acids from SEQ ID NO: 59, SEQ ID NO: 60, SEQ ID NO: 61, SEQ ID NO: 62, SEQ ID NO: 63, SEQ ID NO: 64, SEQ ID NO: 65, SEQ ID NO: 66, SEQ ID NO: 67, SEQ ID NO: 68, SEQ ID NO: 69, and SEQ ID NO: 70. A naturally occurring FGFR3 includes, without limitation, SEQ ID NO: 25, SEQ ID NO: 26, and SEQ ID NO: 27, or one that substitutes, deletes or adds, e.g., 1 or more, 2 or more, 3 or more, 4 or more, 5 or more, 6 or more, 7 or more, 8 or more, 9 or more, 10 or more, 20 or more, 30 or more, 40 or more, 50 or more, or 100 or more amino acids from SEQ ID NO: 25, SEQ ID NO: 26, and SEQ ID NO: 27. A naturally occurring SV2 includes, without limitation, SEQ ID NO: 28, SEQ ID NO: 29, SEQ ID NO: 30, and SEQ ID NO: 31, or one that substitutes, deletes or adds, e.g., 1 or more, 2 or more, 3 or more, 4 or more, 5 or more, 6 or more, 7 or more, 8 or more, 9 or more, 10 or more, 20 or more, 30 or more, 40 or more, 50 or more, or 100 or more amino acids from SEQ ID NO: 28, SEQ ID NO: 29, SEQ ID NO: 30, and SEQ ID NO: 31.

As used herein, the term “non-naturally occurring BoNT/A receptor variant” refers to any BoNT/A receptor produced with the aid of human manipulation or design, including, without limitation, a BoNT/A receptor produced by genetic engineering using random mutagenesis or rational design and a BoNT/A receptor produced by chemical synthesis. Non-limiting examples of non-naturally occurring BoNT/A variants include, e.g., conservative BoNT/A receptor variants, non-conservative BoNT/A receptor variants, BoNT/A receptor chimeric variants and active BoNT/A receptor fragments.

As used herein, the term “non-naturally occurring BoNT/A receptor” refers to any BoNT/A receptor whose structure was modified with the aid of human manipulation, including, without limitation, a BoNT/A receptor produced by genetic engineering using random mutagenesis or rational design and a BoNT/A receptor produced by in vitro chemical synthesis. Non-limiting examples of non-naturally occurring BoNT/A receptors are described in, e.g., Ester Fernandez-Salas, et al., Botulinum Toxin Screening Assays, U.S. Patent Publication 2008/0003240; Ester Fernandez-Salas, et al., Botulinum Toxin Screening Assays, U.S. Patent Publication 2008/0182799, each of which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. A non-naturally occurring BoNT/A receptor may substitute, delete or add, e.g., 1 or more, 2 or more, 3 or more, 4 or more, 5 or more, 6 or more, 7 or more, 8 or more, 9 or more, 10 or more, 20 or more, 30 or more, 40 or more, 50 or more, or 100 or more amino acids from SEQ ID NO: 25, SEQ ID NO: 26, SEQ ID NO: 27, SEQ ID NO: 28, SEQ ID NO: 29, SEQ ID NO: 30, SEQ ID NO: 31, SEQ ID NO: 59, SEQ ID NO: 60, SEQ ID NO: 61, SEQ ID NO: 62, SEQ ID NO: 63, SEQ ID NO: 64, SEQ ID NO: 65, SEQ ID NO: 66, SEQ ID NO: 67, SEQ ID NO: 68, SEQ ID NO: 69, or SEQ ID NO: 70.

Thus in an embodiment, a BoNT/A receptor is a naturally occurring BoNT/A receptor such as, e.g., FGFR2, FGFR3 or SV2. In aspects of this embodiment, the BoNT/A receptor is a BoNT/A receptor isoform or a BoNT/A receptor subtype. In aspects of this embodiment, the naturally occurring BoNT/A receptor is the naturally occurring BoNT/A receptor of SEQ ID NO: 25, SEQ ID NO: 26, SEQ ID NO: 27, SEQ ID NO: 28, SEQ ID NO: 29, SEQ ID NO: 30, SEQ ID NO: 31, SEQ ID NO: 59, SEQ ID NO: 60, SEQ ID NO: 61, SEQ ID NO: 62, SEQ ID NO: 63, SEQ ID NO: 64, SEQ ID NO: 65, SEQ ID NO: 66, SEQ ID NO: 67, SEQ ID NO: 68, SEQ ID NO: 69, or SEQ ID NO: 70. In other aspects of this embodiment, the BoNT/A receptor is a naturally occurring BoNT/A receptor having, e.g., at least 70% amino acid identity, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, or at least 95% amino acid identity with SEQ ID NO: 25, SEQ ID NO: 26, SEQ ID NO: 27, SEQ ID NO: 28, SEQ ID NO: 29, SEQ ID NO: 30, SEQ ID NO: 31, SEQ ID NO: 59, SEQ ID NO: 60, SEQ ID NO: 61, SEQ ID NO: 62, SEQ ID NO: 63, SEQ ID NO: 64, SEQ ID NO: 65, SEQ ID NO: 66, SEQ ID NO: 67, SEQ ID NO: 68, SEQ ID NO: 69, or SEQ ID NO: 70.

In another embodiment, a BoNT/A receptor is a non-naturally occurring BoNT/A receptor, such as, e.g., a genetically-engineered FGFR2, a genetically-engineered FGFR3, or a genetically-engineered SV2. In other aspects of this embodiment, the BoNT/A receptor is a non-naturally occurring BoNT/A receptor having, e.g., at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, or at least 95% amino acid identity with SEQ ID NO: 25, SEQ ID NO: 26, SEQ ID NO: 27, SEQ ID NO: 28, SEQ ID NO: 29, SEQ ID NO: 30, SEQ ID NO: 31, SEQ ID NO: 59, SEQ ID NO: 60, SEQ ID NO: 61, SEQ ID NO: 62, SEQ ID NO: 63, SEQ ID NO: 64, SEQ ID NO: 65, SEQ ID NO: 66, SEQ ID NO: 67, SEQ ID NO: 68, SEQ ID NO: 69, or SEQ ID NO: 70. In other aspects of this embodiment, the BoNT/A receptor is a non-naturally occurring BoNT/A receptor having, e.g., 1 or more, 2 or more, 3 or more, 4 or more, 5 or more, 6 or more, 7 or more, 8 or more, 9 or more, 10 or more, 20 or more, 30 or more, 40 or more, 50 or more, or 100 or more non-contiguous amino acid substitutions, deletions, or additions relative to SEQ ID NO: 25, SEQ ID NO: 26, SEQ ID NO: 27, SEQ ID NO: 28, SEQ ID NO: 29, SEQ ID NO: 30, SEQ ID NO: 31, SEQ ID NO: 59, SEQ ID NO: 60, SEQ ID NO: 61, SEQ ID NO: 62, SEQ ID NO: 63, SEQ ID NO: 64, SEQ ID NO: 65, SEQ ID NO: 66, SEQ ID NO: 67, SEQ ID NO: 68, SEQ ID NO: 69, or SEQ ID NO: 70. In yet other aspects of this embodiment, the BoNT/A receptor is a non-naturally occurring BoNT/A receptor having, e.g., 1 or more, 2 or more, 3 or more, 4 or more, 5 or more, 6 or more, 7 or more, 8 or more, 9 or more, 10 or more, 20 or more, 30 or more, 40 or more, 50 or more, or 100 or more contiguous amino acid substitutions, deletions, or additions relative to SEQ ID NO: 25, SEQ ID NO: 26, SEQ ID NO: 27, SEQ ID NO: 28, SEQ ID NO: 29, SEQ ID NO: 30, SEQ ID NO: 31, SEQ ID NO: 59, SEQ ID NO: 60, SEQ ID NO: 61, SEQ ID NO: 62, SEQ ID NO: 63, SEQ ID NO: 64, SEQ ID NO: 65, SEQ ID NO: 66, SEQ ID NO: 67, SEQ ID NO: 68, SEQ ID NO: 69, or SEQ ID NO: 70.

A BoNT/A receptor can be an endogenous BoNT/A receptor or an exogenous BoNT/A receptor. As used herein, the term “endogenous BoNT/A receptor” refers to a BoNT/A receptor naturally present in the cell because it is naturally encoded within the cell's genome, such that the cell inherently expresses the BoNT/A receptor without the need an external source of BoNT/A receptor or an external source of genetic material encoding a BoNT/A receptor. Expression of an endogenous BoNT/A receptor may be with or without environmental stimulation such as e.g., cell differentiation or promoter activation. For example, the following established clonal cell lines express at least one endogenous BoNT/A receptor: BE(2)-M17, Kelly, LA1-55n, N1E-115, N4TG3, N18, Neuro-2a, NG108-15, PC12, SH-SY5Y, SiMa, and SK-N-BE(2)-C. An endogenous BoNT/A receptor can only be a naturally-occurring BoNT/A receptor or naturally-occurring variants thereof.

As used herein, the term “exogenous BoNT/A receptor” refers to a BoNT/A receptor expressed in a cell through the introduction of an external source of BoNT/A receptor or an external source of genetic material encoding a BoNT/A receptor by human manipulation. The expression of an exogenous BoNT/A receptor may be with or without environmental stimulation such as, e.g., cell differentiation or promoter activation. As a non-limiting example, cells from an established clonal cell line can express one or more exogenous BoNT/A receptors by transient or stably transfection of a polynucleotide molecule encoding a BoNT/A receptor, such as, e.g., a FGFR2, a FGFR3, or a SV2. As another non-limiting example, cells from an established clonal cell line can express one or more exogenous BoNT/A receptors by protein transfection of the BoNT/A receptors, such as, e.g., a FGFR2, a FGFR3, or a SV2. An exogenous BoNT/A receptor can be a naturally-occurring BoNT/A receptor or naturally occurring variants thereof, or non-naturally occurring BoNT/A receptor or non-naturally occurring variants thereof.

Thus in an embodiment, cells from an established clonal cell line express an endogenous BoNT/A receptor. In aspects of this embodiment, the endogenous BoNT/A receptor expressed by cells from an established clonal cell line is a naturally-occurring BoNT/A receptor. In other aspects of this embodiment, the endogenous BoNT/A receptor expressed by cells from an established clonal cell line is SEQ ID NO: 25, SEQ ID NO: 26, SEQ ID NO: 27, SEQ ID NO: 28, SEQ ID NO: 29, SEQ ID NO: 30, SEQ ID NO: 31, SEQ ID NO: 59, SEQ ID NO: 60, SEQ ID NO: 61, SEQ ID NO: 62, SEQ ID NO: 63, SEQ ID NO: 64, SEQ ID NO: 65, SEQ ID NO: 66, SEQ ID NO: 67, SEQ ID NO: 68, SEQ ID NO: 69, or SEQ ID NO: 70. In yet aspects of this embodiment, the endogenous BoNT/A receptor expressed by cells from an established clonal cell line is a naturally occurring BoNT/A receptor, such as, e.g., a BoNT/A receptor isoform or a BoNT/A receptor subtype. In other aspects of this embodiment, the endogenous BoNT/A receptor expressed by cells from an established clonal cell line is a naturally occurring BoNT/A receptor having, e.g., at least 70% amino acid identity, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, or at least 95% amino acid identity with SEQ ID NO: 25, SEQ ID NO: 26, SEQ ID NO: 27, SEQ ID NO: 28, SEQ ID NO: 29, SEQ ID NO: 30, SEQ ID NO: 31, SEQ ID NO: 59, SEQ ID NO: 60, SEQ ID NO: 61, SEQ ID NO: 62, SEQ ID NO: 63, SEQ ID NO: 64, SEQ ID NO: 65, SEQ ID NO: 66, SEQ ID NO: 67, SEQ ID NO: 68, SEQ ID NO: 69, or SEQ ID NO: 70.

In another embodiment, cells from an established clonal cell line are transiently or stably engineered to express an exogenous BoNT/A receptor. In an aspect of this embodiment, cells from an established clonal cell line are transiently or stably engineered to express a naturally-occurring BoNT/A receptor. In other aspects of this embodiment, cells from an established clonal cell line are transiently or stably engineered to express the naturally-occurring BoNT/A receptor of SEQ ID NO: 25, SEQ ID NO: 26, SEQ ID NO: 27, SEQ ID NO: 28, SEQ ID NO: 29, SEQ ID NO: 30, SEQ ID NO: 31, SEQ ID NO: 59, SEQ ID NO: 60, SEQ ID NO: 61, SEQ ID NO: 62, SEQ ID NO: 63, SEQ ID NO: 64, SEQ ID NO: 65, SEQ ID NO: 66, SEQ ID NO: 67, SEQ ID NO: 68, SEQ ID NO: 69, or SEQ ID NO: 70. In yet other aspects of this embodiment, cells from an established clonal cell line are transiently or stably engineered to express a naturally occurring BoNT/A receptor, such as, e.g., a BoNT/A receptor isoform or a BoNT/A receptor subtype. In still other aspects of this embodiment, cells from an established clonal cell line are transiently or stably engineered to express a naturally occurring BoNT/A receptor having, e.g., at least 70% amino acid identity, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, or at least 95% amino acid identity with SEQ ID NO: 25, SEQ ID NO: 26, SEQ ID NO: 27, SEQ ID NO: 28, SEQ ID NO: 29, SEQ ID NO: 30, SEQ ID NO: 31, SEQ ID NO: 59, SEQ ID NO: 60, SEQ ID NO: 61, SEQ ID NO: 62, SEQ ID NO: 63, SEQ ID NO: 64, SEQ ID NO: 65, SEQ ID NO: 66, SEQ ID NO: 67, SEQ ID NO: 68, SEQ ID NO: 69, or SEQ ID NO: 70.

In another aspect of the embodiment, cells from an established clonal cell line are transiently or stably engineered to express a non-naturally occurring BoNT/A receptor. In other aspects of this embodiment, cells from an established clonal cell line are transiently or stably engineered to express a non-naturally occurring BoNT/A receptor having, e.g., at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, or at least 95% amino acid identity with SEQ ID NO: 25, SEQ ID NO: 26, SEQ ID NO: 27, SEQ ID NO: 28, SEQ ID NO: 29, SEQ ID NO: 30, SEQ ID NO: 31, SEQ ID NO: 59, SEQ ID NO: 60, SEQ ID NO: 61, SEQ ID NO: 62, SEQ ID NO: 63, SEQ ID NO: 64, SEQ ID NO: 65, SEQ ID NO: 66, SEQ ID NO: 67, SEQ ID NO: 68, SEQ ID NO: 69, or SEQ ID NO: 70. In other aspects of this embodiment, cells from an established clonal cell line are transiently or stably engineered to express a non-naturally occurring BoNT/A receptor having, e.g., 1 or more, 2 or more, 3 or more, 4 or more, 5 or more, 6 or more, 7 or more, 8 or more, 9 or more, 10 or more, 20 or more, 30 or more, 40 or more, 50 or more, or 100 or more non-contiguous amino acid substitutions, deletions, or additions relative to SEQ ID NO: 25, SEQ ID NO: 26, SEQ ID NO: 27, SEQ ID NO: 28, SEQ ID NO: 29, SEQ ID NO: 30, SEQ ID NO: 31, SEQ ID NO: 59, SEQ ID NO: 60, SEQ ID NO: 61, SEQ ID NO: 62, SEQ ID NO: 63, SEQ ID NO: 64, SEQ ID NO: 65, SEQ ID NO: 66, SEQ ID NO: 67, SEQ ID NO: 68, SEQ ID NO: 69, or SEQ ID NO: 70. In yet other aspects of this embodiment, cells from an established clonal cell line are transiently or stably engineered to express a non-naturally occurring BoNT/A receptor having, e.g., 1 or more, 2 or more, 3 or more, 4 or more, 5 or more, 6 or more, 7 or more, 8 or more, 9 or more, 10 or more, 20 or more, 30 or more, 40 or more, 50 or more, or 100 or more contiguous amino acid substitutions, deletions, or additions relative to SEQ ID NO: 25, SEQ ID NO: 26, SEQ ID NO: 27, SEQ ID NO: 28, SEQ ID NO: 29, SEQ ID NO: 30, SEQ ID NO: 31, SEQ ID NO: 59, SEQ ID NO: 60, SEQ ID NO: 61, SEQ ID NO: 62, SEQ ID NO: 63, SEQ ID NO: 64, SEQ ID NO: 65, SEQ ID NO: 66, SEQ ID NO: 67, SEQ ID NO: 68, SEQ ID NO: 69, or SEQ ID NO: 70

In another embodiment, cells from an established clonal cell line are transiently or stably engineered to express an exogenous FGFR2, an exogenous FGFR3, an exogenous SV2, or any combination thereof. In aspects of this embodiment, cells from an established clonal cell line are transiently or stably engineered to express a naturally-occurring FGFR2, a naturally-occurring FGFR3, a naturally-occurring SV2, or any combination thereof. In yet other aspects of this embodiment, cells from an established clonal cell line are transiently or stably engineered to express a non-naturally-occurring FGFR2, a non-naturally-occurring FGFR3, a non-naturally-occurring SV2, or any combination thereof. In still other aspects of this embodiment, cells from an established clonal cell line are transiently or stably engineered to express either a naturally-occurring FGFR2 or a non-naturally-occurring FGFR2, a naturally-occurring FGFR3 or a non-naturally-occurring FGFR3, a naturally-occurring SV2 or a non-naturally-occurring SV2, or any combination thereof.

Cells that express one or more endogenous or exogenous BoNT/A receptors can be identified by routine methods including direct and indirect assays for toxin uptake. Assays that determine BoNT/A binding or uptake properties can be used to assess whether a cell is expressing a BoNT/A receptor. Such assays include, without limitation, cross-linking assays using labeled BoNT/A, such as, e.g., [¹²⁵I] BoNT/A, see, e.g., Noriko Yokosawa et al., Binding of Clostridium botulinum type C neurotoxin to different neuroblastoma cell lines, 57(1) Infect. Immun. 272-277 (1989); Noriko Yokosawa et al., Binding of botulinum type CI, D and E neurotoxins to neuronal cell lines and synaptosomes, 29(2) Toxicon 261-264 (1991); and Tei-ichi Nishiki et al., Identification of protein receptor for Clostridium botulinum type B neurotoxin in rat brain synaptosomes, 269(14) J. Biol. Chem. 10498-10503 (1994). Other non-limiting assays include immunocytochemical assays that detect BoNT/A binding using labeled or unlabeled antibodies, see, e.g., Atsushi Nishikawa et al., The receptor and transporter for internalization of Clostridium botulinum type C progenitor toxin into HT-29 cells, 319(2) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 327-333 (2004) and immunoprecipitation assays, see, e.g., Yukako Fujinaga et al., Molecular characterization of binding subcomponents of Clostridium botulinum type C progenitor toxin for intestinal epithelial cells and erythrocytes, 150(Pt 5) Microbiology 1529-1538 (2004), that detect bound toxin using labeled or unlabeled antibodies. Antibodies useful for these assays include, without limitation, antibodies selected against BoNT/A, antibodies selected against a BoNT/A receptor, such as, e.g., FGFR2, FGFR3, or SV2, and/or antibodies selected against a ganglioside, such as, e.g., GD1a, GD1b, GD3, GQ1b, or GT1b. If the antibody is labeled, the binding of the molecule can be detected by various means, including Western blot analysis, direct microscopic observation of the cellular location of the antibody, measurement of cell or substrate-bound antibody following a wash step, flow cytometry, electrophoresis or capillary electrophoresis, employing techniques well-known to those of skill in the art. If the antibody is unlabeled, one may employ a labeled secondary antibody for indirect detection of the bound molecule, and detection can proceed as for a labeled antibody. It is understood that these and similar assays that determine BoNT/A uptake properties or characteristics can be useful in identifying cells expressing endogenous or exogenous BoNT/A receptors.

Assays that monitor the release of a molecule after exposure to BoNT/A can also be used to assess whether a cell is expressing one or more endogenous or exogenous BoNT/A receptors. In these assays, inhibition of the molecule's release would occur in cells expressing a BoNT/A receptor after BoNT/A treatment. Well known assays include methods that measure inhibition of radio-labeled catecholamine release from neurons, such as, e.g., [3H] noradrenaline or [3H] dopamine release, see e.g., A Fassio et al., Evidence for calcium-dependent vesicular transmitter release insensitive to tetanus toxin and botulinum toxin type F, 90(3) Neuroscience 893-902 (1999); and Sara Stigliani et al., The sensitivity of catecholamine release to botulinum toxin C1 and E suggests selective targeting of vesicles set into the readily releasable pool, 85(2) J. Neurochem. 409-421 (2003), or measures catecholamine release using a fluorometric procedure, see, e.g., Anton de Paiva et al., A role for the interchain disulfide or its participating thiols in the internalization of botulinum neurotoxin A revealed by a toxin derivative that binds to ecto-acceptors and inhibits transmitter release intracellularly, 268(28) J. Biol. Chem. 20838-20844 (1993); Gary W. Lawrence et al., Distinct exocytotic responses of intact and permeabilised chromaffin cells after cleavage of the 25-kDa synaptosomal-associated protein (SNAP-25) or synaptobrevin by botulinum toxin A or B, 236(3) Eur. J. Biochem. 877-886 (1996); and Patrick Foran et al., Botulinum neurotoxin Cl cleaves both syntaxin and SNAP-25 in intact and permeabilized chromaffin cells: correlation with its blockade of catecholamine release, 35(8) Biochemistry 2630-2636 (1996). Other non-limiting examples include assays that measure inhibition of hormone release from endocrine cells, such as, e.g., anterior pituitary cells or ovarian cells. It is understood that these and similar assays for molecule release can be useful in identifying cells expressing endogenous or exogenous or BoNT/A receptors.

Assays that detect the cleavage of a BoNT/A substrate after exposure to a BoNT/A can also be used to assess whether a cell is expressing one or more endogenous or exogenous BoNT/A receptors. In these assays, generation of a BoNT/A substrate cleavage-product, or disappearance of the intact BoNT/A substrate, would be detected in cells expressing a BoNT/A receptor after BoNT/A treatment. Non-limiting examples of specific Western blot analysis, as well as well-characterized reagents, conditions and protocols are readily available from commercial vendors that include, without limitation, Amersham Biosciences, Piscataway, N.J.; Bio-Rad Laboratories, Hercules, Calif.; Pierce Biotechnology, Inc., Rockford, Ill.; Promega Corporation, Madison, Wis., and Stratagene, Inc., La Jolla, Calif. It is understood that these and similar assays for BoNT/A substrate cleavage can be useful in identifying cells expressing endogenous or exogenous BoNT/A receptors.

As non-limiting examples, Western blot analysis using an antibody that recognizes BoNT/A SNAP-25-cleaved product or both the cleaved and uncleaved forms of SNAP-25 can be used to assay for uptake of BoNT/A. Examples of α-SNAP-25 antibodies useful for these assays include, without limitation, SMI-81 α-SNAP-25 mouse monoclonal antibody (Sternberger Monoclonals Inc., Lutherville, Md.), CI-71.1 mouse α-SNAP-25 monoclonal antibody (Synaptic Systems, Goettingen, Germany), CI-71.2 α-SNAP-25 mouse monoclonal antibody (Synaptic Systems, Goettingen, Germany), SP12 α-SNAP-25 mouse monoclonal antibody (Abcam, Cambridge, Mass.), α-SNAP-25 rabbit polyclonal antiserum (Synaptic Systems, Goettingen, Germany), α-SNAP-25 rabbit polyclonal antiserum S9684 (Sigma, St. Louis, Mo.), and α-SNAP-25 rabbit polyclonal antiserum (Abcam, Cambridge, Mass.).

Aspects of the present disclosure provide cells that through genetic manipulation or recombinant engineering are made to express an exogenous SNAP-25 and/or one or more exogenous BoNT/A receptors. Cells useful to express an exogenous SNAP-25 and/or one or more exogenous BoNT/A receptors through genetic manipulation or recombinant engineering include neuronal cells and non-neuronal cells that may or may not express an endogenous SNAP-25 and/or one or more endogenous BoNT/A receptors. It is further understood that such genetically manipulated or recombinantly engineered cells may express an exogenous SNAP-25 and one or more exogenous BoNT/A receptors under control of a constitutive, tissue-specific, cell-specific or inducible promoter element, enhancer element or both. It is understood that any cell is useful as long as the cell can be genetically manipulated or recombinantly engineered to expresses an exogenous SNAP-25 and/or one or more exogenous BoNT/A receptors and is capable of undergoing BoNT/A intoxication.

Methods useful for introducing into a cell an exogenous polynucleotide molecule encoding a component necessary for the cells to undergo the overall cellular mechanism whereby a BoNT/A proteolytically cleaves a SNAP-25 substrate, such as, e.g., a SNAP-25, a FGFR2, a FGFR3, or a SV2, include, without limitation, chemical-mediated delivery methods, such as, e.g., calcium phosphate-mediated, diethyl-aminoethyl (DEAE) dextran-mediated, lipid-mediated, polyethyleneimine (PEI)-mediated, polylysine-mediated and polybrene-mediated; physical-mediated delivery methods, such as, e.g., biolistic particle delivery, microinjection, protoplast fusion and electroporation; and viral-mediated delivery methods, such as, e.g., retroviral-mediated transfection, see e.g., Introducing Cloned Genes into Cultured Mammalian Cells, pp. 16.1-16.62 (Sambrook & Russell, eds., Molecular Cloning A Laboratory Manual, Vol. 3, 3^rded. 2001); Alessia Colosimo et al., Transfer and Expression of Foreign Genes in Mammalian Cells, 29(2) Biotechniques 314-318, 320-322, 324 (2000); Philip Washbourne & A. Kimberley McAllister, Techniques for Gene Transfer into Neurons, 12(5) Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 566-573 (2002); and Current Protocols in Molecular Biology, John Wiley and Sons, pp 9.16.4-9.16.11 (2000), each of which is incorporated by reference in its entirety. One skilled in the art understands that selection of a specific method to introduce a polynucleotide molecule into a cell will depend, in part, on whether the cell will transiently or stably contain a component necessary for the cells to undergo the overall cellular mechanism whereby a BoNT/A proteolytically cleaves a SNAP-25 substrate. Non-limiting examples of polynucleotide molecule encoding a component necessary for the cells to undergo the overall cellular mechanism whereby a BoNT/A proteolytically cleaves a SNAP-25 substrate as follows: FGFR2 polynucleotide molecule of SEQ ID NO: 130, SEQ ID NO: 131, SEQ ID NO: 132, SEQ ID NO: 133, SEQ ID NO: 134, SEQ ID NO: 135, SEQ ID NO: 136, SEQ ID NO: 137, or SEQ ID NO: 138; FGFR3 polynucleotide molecule of SEQ ID NO: 139, SEQ ID NO: 140, or SEQ ID NO: 141; SV2 polynucleotide molecule of SEQ ID NO: 142, SEQ ID NO: 143, or SEQ ID NO: 144; and SNAP-25 polynucleotide molecule of SEQ ID NO: 145, or SEQ ID NO: 146.

Chemical-mediated delivery methods are well-known to a person of ordinary skill in the art and are described in, e.g., Martin Jordan & Florian Worm, Transfection of Adherent and Suspended Cells by Calcium Phosphate, 33(2) Methods 136-143 (2004); Chun Zhang et al., Polyethylenimine Strategies for Plasmid Delivery to Brain-Derived Cells, 33(2) Methods 144-150 (2004), each of which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. Such chemical-mediated delivery methods can be prepared by standard procedures and are commercially available, see, e.g., CellPhect Transfection Kit (Amersham Biosciences, Piscataway, N.J.); Mammalian Transfection Kit, Calcium phosphate and DEAE Dextran, (Stratagene, Inc., La Jolla, Calif.); Lipofectamine™ Transfection Reagent (Invitrogen, Inc., Carlsbad, Calif.); ExGen 500 Transfection kit (Fermentas, Inc., Hanover, Md.), and SuperFect and Effectene Transfection Kits (Qiagen, Inc., Valencia, Calif.).

Physical-mediated delivery methods are well-known to a person of ordinary skill in the art and are described in, e.g., Jeike E. Biewenga et al., Plasmid-Mediated Gene Transfer in Neurons using the Biolistics Technique, 71(1) J. Neurosci. Methods. 67-75 (1997); John O'Brien & Sarah C. R. Lummis, Biolistic and Diolistic Transfection: Using the Gene Gun to Deliver DNA and Lipophilic Dyes into Mammalian Cells, 33(2) Methods 121-125 (2004); M. Golzio et al., In Vitro and In Vivo Electric Field-Mediated Permeabilization, Gene Transfer, and Expression, 33(2) Methods 126-135 (2004); and Oliver Gresch et al., New Non-Viral Method for Gene Transfer into Primary Cells, 33(2) Methods 151-163 (2004), each of which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.

Viral-mediated delivery methods are well-known to a person of ordinary skill in the art and are described in, e.g., Chooi M. Lai et al., Adenovirus and Adeno-Associated Virus Vectors, 21(12) DNA Cell Biol. 895-913 (2002); Ilya Frolov et al., Alphavirus-Based Expression Vectors: Strategies and Applications, 93(21) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 11371-11377 (1996); Roland Wolkowicz et al., Lentiviral Vectors for the Delivery of DNA into Mammalian Cells, 246 Methods Mol. Biol. 391-411 (2004); A. Huser & C. Hofmann, Baculovirus Vectors: Novel Mammalian Cell Gene-Delivery Vehicles and Their Applications, 3(1) Am. J. Pharmacogenomics 53-63 (2003); Tiziana Tonini et al., Transient Production of Retro viral- and Lentiviral-Based Vectors for the Transduction of Mammalian Cells, 285 Methods Mol. Biol. 141-148 (2004); Manfred Gossen & Hermann Bujard, Tight Control of Gene Expression in Eukaryotic Cells by Tetracycline-Responsive Promoters, U.S. Pat. No. 5,464,758; Hermann Bujard & Manfred Gossen, Methods for Regulating Gene Expression, U.S. Pat. No. 5,814,618; David S. Hogness, Polynucleotides Encoding Insect Steroid Hormone Receptor Polypeptides and Cells Transformed With Same, U.S. Pat. No. 5,514,578; David S. Hogness, Polynucleotide Encoding Insect Ecdysone Receptor, U.S. Pat. No. 6,245,531; Elisabetta Vegeto et al., Progesterone Receptor Having C. Terminal Hormone Binding Domain Truncations, U.S. Pat. No. 5,364,791; Elisabetta Vegeto et al., Mutated Steroid Hormone Receptors, Methods for Their Use and Molecular Switch for Gene Therapy, U.S. Pat. No. 5,874,534, each of which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. Such viral-mediated delivery methods can be prepared by standard procedures and are commercially available, see, e.g., VIRAPOWER™ Adenoviral Expression System (Invitrogen, Inc., Carlsbad, Calif.) and VIRAPOWER™ Adenoviral Expression System Instruction Manual 25-0543 version A, Invitrogen, Inc., (Jul. 15, 2002); and ADEASY™ Adenoviral Vector System (Stratagene, Inc., La Jolla, Calif.) and ADEASY™ Adenoviral Vector System Instruction Manual 064004f, Stratagene, Inc. Furthermore, such viral delivery systems can be prepared by standard methods and are commercially available, see, e.g., BD™ Tet-Off and Tet-On Gene Expression Systems (BD Biosciences-Clonetech, Palo Alto, Calif.) and BD™ Tet-Off and Tet-On Gene Expression Systems User Manual, PT3001-1, BD Biosciences Clonetech, (Mar. 14, 2003), GeneSwitch™System (Invitrogen, Inc., Carlsbad, Calif.) and GENESWITCH™ System A Mifepristone-Regulated Expression System for Mammalian Cells version D, 25-0313, Invitrogen, Inc., (Nov. 4, 2002); VIRAPOWER™ Lentiviral Expression System (Invitrogen, Inc., Carlsbad, Calif.) and VIRAPOWER™ Lentiviral Expression System Instruction Manual 25-0501 version E, Invitrogen, Inc., (Dec. 8, 2003); and COMPLETE CONTROL® Retroviral Inducible Mammalian Expression System (Stratagene, La Jolla, Calif.) and COMPLETE CONTROL® Retroviral Inducible Mammalian Expression System Instruction Manual, 064005e.

As mentioned above, an exogenous component necessary for the cells to undergo the overall cellular mechanism whereby a BoNT/A proteolytically cleaves a SNAP-25 substrate, such as, e.g., a SNAP-25, a FGFR2, a FGFR3, or a SV2 disclosed in the present specification can be introduced into a cell. Any and all methods useful for introducing such an exogenous component with a delivery agent into a cell population can be useful with the proviso that this method introduce the exogenous component disclosed in the present specification in at least 50% of the cells within a given cell population. Thus, aspects of this embodiment can include a cell population in which, e.g., at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, or at least 90% of the given cell population contains an exogenous component necessary for the cells to undergo the overall cellular mechanism whereby a BoNT/A proteolytically cleaves a SNAP-25 substrate, such as, e.g., a SNAP-25, a FGFR2, a FGFR3, or a SV2 disclosed in the present specification. As used herein, the term “delivery agent” refers to any molecule that enables or enhances internalization of a covalently-linked, non-covalently-linked or in any other manner associated with a polypeptide into a cell. Thus, the term “delivery agent” encompasses, without limitation, proteins, peptides, peptidomimetics, small molecules, polynucleotide molecules, liposomes, lipids, viruses, retroviruses and cells that, without limitation, transport a covalently or non-covalently linked molecule to the cell membrane, cell cytoplasm or nucleus. It further is understood that the term “delivery agent” encompasses molecules that are internalized by any mechanism, including delivery agents which function via receptor mediated endocytosis and those which are independent of receptor mediated endocytosis.

A delivery agent can also be an agent that enables or enhances cellular uptake of a covalently linked component, like FGFR2, FGFR3, SV2, or SNAP-25, such as, e.g., by chemical conjugation or by genetically produced fusion proteins. Methods that covalently link delivery agents and methods of using such agents are described in, e.g., Steven F. Dowdy, Protein Transduction System and Methods of Use Thereof, International Publication No WO 00/34308; Gérard Chassaing & Alain Prochiantz, Peptides which can be Used as Vectors for the Intracellular Addressing of Active Molecules, U.S. Pat. No. 6,080,724; Alan Frankel et al., Fusion Protein Comprising TAT-derived Transport Moiert, U.S. Pat. No. 5,674,980; Alan Frankel et al., TAT-derived Transport Polypeptide Conjugates, U.S. Pat. No. 5,747,641; Alan Frankel et al., TAT-derived Transport Polypeptides and Fusion Proteins, U.S. Pat. No. 5,804,604; Peter F. J. O'Hare et al., Use of Transport Proteins, U.S. Pat. No. 6,734,167; Yao-Zhong Lin & Jack J. Hawiger, Method for Importing Biologically Active Molecules into Cells, U.S. Pat. No. 5,807,746; Yao-Zhong Lin & Jack J. Hawiger, Method for Importing Biologically Active Molecules into Cells, U.S. Pat. No. 6,043,339; Yao-Zhong Lin et al., Sequence and Method for Genetic Engineering of Proteins with Cell Membrane Translocating Activity, U.S. Pat. No. 6,248,558; Yao-Zhong Lin et al., Sequence and Method for Genetic Engineering of Proteins with Cell Membrane Translocating Activity, U.S. Pat. No. 6,432,680; Jack J. Hawiger et al., Method for Importing Biologically Active Molecules into Cells, U.S. Pat. No. 6,495,518; Yao-Zhong Lin et al., Sequence and Method for Genetic Engineering of Proteins with Cell Membrane Translocating Activity, U.S. Pat. No. 6,780,843; Jonathan B. Rothbard & Paul A Wender, Method and Composition for Enhancing Transport Across Biological Membranes, U.S. Pat. No. 6,306,993; Jonathan B. Rothbard & Paul A Wender, Method and Composition for Enhancing Transport Across Biological Membranes, U.S. Pat. No. 6,495,663; and Pamela B. Davis et al., Fusion Proteins for Protein Delivery, U.S. Pat. No. 6,287,817, each of which is incorporated by reference in its entirety.

A delivery agent can also be an agent that enables or enhances cellular uptake of a non-covalently associated component, like FGFR2, FGFR3, SV2c, or SNAP-25. Methods that function in the absence of covalent linkage and methods of using such agents are described in, e.g., Gilles Divita et al, Peptide-Mediated Transfection Agents and Methods of Use, U.S. Pat. No. 6,841,535; Philip L Feigner and Olivier Zelphati, Intracellular Protein Delivery Compositions and Methods of Use, U.S. Patent Publication No. 2003/0008813; and Michael Karas, Intracellular Delivery of Small Molecules, Proteins and Nucleic Acids, U.S. Patent Publication 2004/0209797, each of which is incorporated by reference in its entirety. Such peptide delivery agents can be prepared and used by standard methods and are commercially available, see, e.g. the CHARIOT™ Reagent (Active Motif, Carlsbad, Calif.); BIO-PORTER® Reagent (Gene Therapy Systems, Inc., San Diego, Calif.), BIO TREK™ Protein Delivery Reagent (Stratagene, La Jolla, Calif.), and PRO-JECT™ Protein Transfection Reagent (Pierce Biotechnology Inc., Rockford, Ill.).

Aspects of the present disclosure can also be described as follows:

1. An established clonal cell line comprising a cell susceptible to intoxication by BoNT/A.
2. The established clonal cell line of 1, wherein the clonal cell line is selected from a parental SiMa cell line.
3. The established clonal cell line of 1 or 2, wherein the cell is susceptible to BoNT/A intoxication by about 100 pM or less, by about 50 pM or less, by about 10 pM or less, by about 5 pM or less, by about 1 pM or less, by about 0.5 pM or less, or by about 0.1 pM or less of a BoNT/A.
4. The established clonal cell line of 1 or 2, wherein susceptibility to BoNT/A intoxication is measured before differentiation of the cell.
5. The established clonal cell line of 2, wherein in the undifferentiated state, the cell exhibits at least a 1.5-fold increase in gene expression of one or more genes relative to the expression of the one or more genes in a cell from a 2D6 cell line, the genes being taken from Table 5, or wherein the cell exhibits at least a 1.5-fold decrease in gene expression of one or more genes relative to the expression of the one or more genes in a cell from a 2D6 cell line, the genes being taken from Table 6.
6. The established clonal cell line of 2, wherein in the differentiated state, the cell exhibits at least a 1.5-fold increase in gene expression of one or more genes relative to the expression of the one or more genes in a cell from a 2D6 cell line, the genes being taken from Table 9, or wherein the cell exhibits at least a 1.5-fold decrease in gene expression of one or more genes relative to the expression of the one or more genes in a cell from a 2D6 cell line, the genes being taken from Table 10.
7. The established clonal cell line of 2, wherein in the undifferentiated state, the cell exhibits at least a 1.5-fold increase in gene expression of one or more genes relative to the expression of the one or more genes in a cell from a parental SiMa cell line, the genes being taken from Table 7, or wherein the cell exhibits at least a 1.5-fold decrease in gene expression of one or more genes relative to the expression of the one or more genes in a cell from a parental SiMa cell line, the genes being taken from Table 8.
8. The established clonal cell line of 2, wherein in the differentiated state, the cell exhibits at least a 1.5-fold increase in gene expression of one or more genes relative to the expression of the one or more genes in a cell from a parental SiMa cell line, the genes being taken from Table 11, or wherein the cell exhibits at least a 1.5-fold decrease in gene expression of one or more genes relative to the expression of the one or more genes in a cell from a parental SiMa cell line, the genes being taken from Table 12.
9. The established clonal cell line of 1 or 2, wherein the cell exhibits a sensitivity for BoNT/A activity that is 100 pM or less or about 25 pM for about 5 or more cell passages, 10 or more cell passages, 15 or more cell passages, 20 or more cell passages, 25 or more cell passages, 30 or more cell passages, 35 or more cell passages, 40 or more cell passages, 45 or more cell passages, 50 or more cell passage, 55 or more cell passage, or 60 or more cell passage.
10. The established clonal cell line of 1 or 2, wherein the cell from an established clonal cell line exhibits a well defined signal to noise ratio for the upper asymptote for BoNT/A activity of at least 3:1, at least 4:1, at least 5:1, at least 6:1, at least 7:1, at least 8:1, at least 9:1, at least 10:1, over, e.g., 5 or more cell passages, 10 or more cell passages, 15 or more cell passages, 20 or more cell passages, 25 or more cell passages, 30 or more cell passages, 35 or more cell passages, 40 or more cell passages, 45 or more cell passages, 50 or more cell passage, 55 or more cell passage, or 60 or more cell passage.
11. An established clonal cell line comprising a cell susceptible to intoxication by BoNT/A produced from a parental SiMa cell line, wherein the cell is susceptible to BoNT/A intoxication by about 100 pM or less, by about 50 pM or less, by about 10 pM or less, by about 5 pM or less, by about 1 pM or less, by about 0.5 pM or less, or by about 0.1 pM or less of a BoNT/A.
12. An established clonal cell line comprising cells susceptible to intoxication by BoNT/A,
- wherein the clonal cell line is selected from a parental SiMa cell line; and
- wherein the clonal cell line comprises cells susceptible to BoNT/A intoxication by about 100 pM or less of a BoNT/A.
13. The established clonal cell line of 12, wherein the parental SiMa cell line is the parental SiMa cell line DSMZ ACC 164.
14. The established clonal cell line of 12, wherein the cell exhibits a sensitivity for BoNT/A activity that is 100 pM or less or about 25 pM for about 5 or more cell passages, 10 or more cell passages, 15 or more cell passages, 20 or more cell passages, 25 or more cell passages, 30 or more cell passages, 35 or more cell passages, 40 or more cell passages, 45 or more cell passages, 50 or more cell passage, 55 or more cell passage, or 60 or more cell passage.
15. The established clonal cell line of 12, wherein the cell from an established clonal cell line exhibits a well defined signal to noise ratio for the upper asymptote for BoNT/A activity of at least 3:1, at least 4:1, at least 5:1, at least 6:1, at least 7:1, at least 8:1, at least 9:1, at least 10:1, over, e.g., 5 or more cell passages, 10 or more cell passages, 15 or more cell passages, 20 or more cell passages, 25 or more cell passages, 30 or more cell passages, 35 or more cell passages, 40 or more cell passages, 45 or more cell passages, 50 or more cell passage, 55 or more cell passage, or 60 or more cell passage.
16. The established clonal cell line of 12, wherein susceptibility to BoNT/A intoxication is measured before differentiation of the cell or after differentiation of the cell.
17. An established clonal cell line comprising cells susceptible to intoxication by BoNT/A,
- wherein the cells exhibits at least a 1.5-fold difference in gene expression levels of three or more genes as compared to the expression levels of these genes in cells from the 2D6 cell line;
- wherein the gene expression levels are selected from th group ADAMTS9, ASCL1, BASP1, DOK5, DPYD, GNB4, GNG11, GTSF1, MAOA, MINA, MSN, PEG3, PLK2, PRSS12, RNF182, SLC44A5, SPARC, TFPI2, and TPTE; and
- wherein the clonal cell line comprises cells susceptible to BoNT/A intoxication by about 100 pM or less of a BoNT/A.
18. The established clonal cell line of 17, wherein the cells exhibits at least a 2.0-fold difference in gene expression levels of one or more genes as compared to the expression levels of these genes in cells from the 2D6 cell line, at least a 3.0-fold difference in gene expression levels of one or more genes as compared to the expression levels of these genes in cells from the 2D6 cell line, or at least a 4.0-fold difference in gene expression levels of one or more genes as compared to the expression levels of these genes in cells from the 2D6 cell line.
19. The established clonal cell line of 17, wherein the gene expression levels are measured before differentiation of the cell or after differentiation of the cell.
20. The established clonal cell line of 17, wherein the cell exhibits a sensitivity for BoNT/A activity that is 100 pM or less or about 25 pM for about 5 or more cell passages, 10 or more cell passages, 15 or more cell passages, 20 or more cell passages, 25 or more cell passages, 30 or more cell passages, 35 or more cell passages, 40 or more cell passages, 45 or more cell passages, 50 or more cell passage, 55 or more cell passage, or 60 or more cell passage.
21. The established clonal cell line of 17, wherein the cell from an established clonal cell line exhibits a well defined signal to noise ratio for the upper asymptote for BoNT/A activity of at least 3:1, at least 4:1, at least 5:1, at least 6:1, at least 7:1, at least 8:1, at least 9:1, at least 10:1, over, e.g., 5 or more cell passages, 10 or more cell passages, 15 or more cell passages, 20 or more cell passages, 25 or more cell passages, 30 or more cell passages, 35 or more cell passages, 40 or more cell passages, 45 or more cell passages, 50 or more cell passage, 55 or more cell passage, or 60 or more cell passage.

EXAMPLES
Example I
Screening for Cell Lines Comprising Cells Susceptible to BoNT/A Intoxication

The following example illustrates how to identify clonal cells from a parental established cell line that are susceptible to BoNT/A intoxication or have neurotoxin uptake capacity.

1. Isolation of Clonal Cell Lines.

Companion patent application Ester Fernandez-Salas, et al., Immuno-Based Botulinum Toxin Serotype A Activity Assays, U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/403,531 identified several established cell lines useful for conducting the disclosed immuno-based methods of detecting BoNT/A activity, including, e.g., LA1-55n (ECACC 06041203), N18 (ECACC 88112301), Neuro-2a (ATCC CCL-131), PC12 (ATCC CRL-1721), SH-SY5Y (ATCC CRL-2266), and SiMa (DSMZ ACC 164). During characterization of the SiMa cell line, it was discovered that the cells comprising this established cell line comprised at least five different cellular phenotypes. To determine whether any one of these phenotypically-distinct cell types was responsible for the susceptibility of this cell line to BoNT/A intoxication, two different limited-dilution screens were conducted to obtain single colony isolates for each phenotypically-distinct cell type.

In both screens, a suitable density of cells from a SiMa stock were grown in RPMI 1640 medium, having 10% fetal bovine serum, 1% Penicillin-Streptomycin, 2 mM L-Glutamine, contained in a T175 Collagen IV coated flask. After the second passage, the cells were trypsin-treated to produce a cell suspension and the cell concentration was determined. About 4.0×10⁶cells from this cell suspension was transferred into a 50 mL tube and the cells were dissociated into single cells by repeated vigorous expulsion through an 18.5 gauge needle using a 10 mL syringe. Cells from this disassociated single-cell suspension were then diluted to a concentration of 0.2×10⁶cells/mL by adding 15 mL of fresh growth medium, and 2.5 μL of this dilution was added to 50 mL of fresh growth medium to obtain a concentration of 10 cells/mL. From this final dilution stock, 100 μL of growth medium was added to each well of a 96-well Collagen IV coated plates (final average density of one cell/well), and the cells were grown undisturbed in a 37° C. incubator under 5% carbon dioxide for four weeks. A total of nineteen 96-well plates were setup for analysis. Plates were microscopically examined periodically to assess colony growth. After four weeks, each well was microscopically examined to identify growing colonies, and for each growing colony identified, 100 μL of fresh growth medium was added to each well and the cells were grown undisturbed in a 37° C. incubator under 5% carbon dioxide for two weeks. After two additional weeks of growth, the growing single colonies were trypsin-treated and transferred to a new 96-well plate for continued growth. Once colonies grew to about 1,000 cells, based on visual inspection, the cells were trypsin-treated and each cell-suspension was transferred into a new well from a 24-well Collagen IV-coated plate. The cells were grown in a 37° C. incubator under 5% carbon dioxide with fresh growth medium being replenished every 2-3 days, if needed. The cells were grown until the culture reached approximately 60% confluence or greater, at which point the cells were trypsin-treated and each cell-suspension was transferred into a 25 cm²Collagen IV-coated flask. The cells were grown in a 37° C. incubator under 5% carbon dioxide with fresh growth medium being replenished every 2-3 days, if needed. Once the cells in the flask reached 70-80% confluence, they were frozen and stored in liquid nitrogen until the clonal cell lines were tested to determine their susceptibility to BoNT/A intoxication. Of the 1,824 colony isolates initially setup from both screens, 130 clonal cell lines were selected based on viability and growth criteria and expanded for subsequent screening procedures.

2. Primary Screen for BoNT/A Intoxication Susceptibility of Cells from a Clonal Cell Line Using a BoNT/A Complex.

One way to determine whether cells from a clonal cell line were susceptible to BoNT/A intoxication was to conduct a primary screen using a CELLTITER-GLO® luminescent cell viability assay (Promega, Madison, Wis.) for normalizing the cell number in each well and an immuno-based method for determining BoNT/A activity as described in Ester Fernandez-Salas, et al., Immuno-Based Botulinum Toxin Serotype A Activity Assays, U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/403,531, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. Two separate 96-well plates were set up, one for the BoNT/A activity assay and the other for the cell viability assay.

To conduct the BoNT/A activity assay, a lysate was prepared from cells treated with BoNT/A by plating cells from each isolated clonal cell line into a well from a poly-D-lysine 96-well plate (BD Biosciences, Bedford, Mass.). The wells contained 0.1 mL of a serum-free medium comprising Minimum Essential Medium, 2 mM GlutaMAX™ I with Earle's salts, 1×B27 supplement, 1×N2 supplement, 0.1 mM Non-Essential Amino Acids, 10 mM HEPES and 25 μg/mL GT1b (302-011-M005, Alexis Biochemicals, San Diego, Calif.). These cells were incubated in a 37° C. incubator under 5% carbon dioxide until the cells differentiated, as assessed by standard and routine morphological criteria, such as growth arrest and neurite extension (approximately 3 days). The media from the differentiated cells was aspirated from each well and replaced with fresh media containing 1 nM of a BoNT/A complex. After a 24 hrs incubation, the cells were washed by aspirating the growth media and rinsing each well with 200 μL of 1×PBS. To harvest the cells, 1×PBS was aspirated, the cells lysed by adding 30 μl of Lysis Buffer comprising 20 mM Tris-HCl (pH 7.5), 150 mM NaCl, 1 mM EDTA, 1 mM EGTA, 1% Triton X-100 to each well, and the plate incubated on a shaker rotating at 500 rpm for 30 minutes at 4° C. The plate was centrifuged at 4000 rpm for 20 minutes at 4° C. to pellet cellular debris and the supernatant was transferred to a capture antibody coated 96-well plate to perform the detection step.

To prepare an α-SNAP-25 capture antibody solution, the α-SNAP-25 mouse monoclonal antibody contained in the ascites from hybridoma cell line 2E2A6 (Example VII) was purified using a standard Protein A purification protocol.

To prepare an α-SNAP-25 detection antibody solution, α-SNAP-25 rabbit polyclonal antibody S9684 (Sigma, St. Louis, Mo.) was conjugated to Ruthenium(II)-tris-bipyridine-(4-methysulfonate) NHS ester labeling reagent (Meso Scale Discovery, Gaithersburg, Md.) according to the manufacturer's instructions (Meso Scale Discovery, Gaithersburg, Md.). The conjugation reaction was performed by adding 30 μL of distilled water reconstituted MSD SULFO-TAG™ stock solution to 200 μL of 2 mg/mL α-SNAP-25 polyclonal antibodies and incubating the reaction at room temperature for 2 hours in the dark. The labeled antibodies were purified using a standard spin column protocol and the protein concentration determined using a standard colorimetric protein assay. The absorbance of the α-SNAP-25 antibody/MSD SULFO-TAG™ conjugate was measured at 455 nm using a spectrophotometer to determine the concentration in moles per liter. The detection antibody solution was stored at 4° C. until needed.

To prepare an α-SNAP-25 solid phase support comprising an α-SNAP-25 capture antibody, approximately 5 μL of the appropriate α-SNAP-25 monoclonal antibody solution (20 μg/mL in 1×PBS) is added to each well of a 96-well MSD High Bind plate and the solution is allowed to air dry in a biological safety cabinet for 2-3 hours in order to liquid evaporate the solution. The capture antibody-bound wells were sealed and stored at 4° C. until needed.

To detect the presence of a cleaved SNAP-25 product by ECL sandwich ELISA, the wells from an α-SNAP-25 solid phase support were then blocked by adding 150 μL of Blocking Buffer comprising 2% Amersham Blocking Reagent (GE Life Sciences, Piscataway, N.J.) and 10% goat serum (VWR, West Chester, Pa.) at room temperature for 2 hours. The Blocking Buffer was aspirated, 25 μL of a lysate from cells treated with BoNT/A was added to each well and the plates were incubated at 4° C. for overnight. Plate wells were washed three times by aspirating the cell lysate and rinsing each well three times with 200 μL 1×PBS, 0.1% TWEEN-20® (polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaureate). After washing, 25 μl of 5 μg/mL α-SNAP-25 detection antibody solution comprising 2% Amersham Blocking Reagent in 1×PBS, 0.1% TWEEN-20® (polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaureate) was added to each well, sealed, and incubated at room temperature for 1 hour with shaking. After α-SNAP-25 detection antibody incubation, the wells were washed three times with 200 μL 1×PBS, 0.1% TWEEN-20® (polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaureate). After washing 150 μL of 1× Read Buffer (Meso Scale Discovery, Gaithersburg, Md.) was added to each well and the plates were read using a SECTOR™ Imager 6000 Image Reader (Meso Scale Discovery, Gaithersburg, Md.). The raw data was collected using the ECL imager.

To conduct the luminescent cell viability assay, cells from each isolated clonal cell line were plated and differentiated as described above. The media from the differentiated cells was aspirated from each well and replaced with 100 μl of the reagent mixture comprising the CELLTITER-GLO® substrate and CELLTITER-GLO® buffer according to the manufacturer's instructions. The plate was then protected from light and mixed for two minutes on an orbital shaker. The solution from the 96-well cell plate with clear bottom was transferred to a white luminometer plate and after 10 minutes incubation was read on the luminometer.

These results indicated that the cell viability readings ranged from 9,838 to 10,423,188 and BoNT/A activity signals ranged from 84 to 27,242 (Table 1). In addition, a ratio of BoNT/A activity over cell viability was calculated to normalize the data, although there was not always a 1:1 ratio of viability and activity. Seven clonal cell lines exhibited activity/viability ratios of about 0.2×10⁻²or greater: H1, A7, A11, F10, A9, A10, and C11 (Table 1). Nine clonal cell lines exhibited activity/viability ratios of about 0.125×10⁻²to about 0.150×10⁻²: H3, H8, E11, H10, A6, C5, C12, D11, and B5 (Table 1). Two cell lines exhibited activity/viability ratios of about 0.100×10⁻²: D7 and B10 (Table 1). Based on these activity/viability ratios in conjunction with the cell viability and BoNT/A activity signal measurements, these 18 clonal cell lines were selected for further testing by conducting a secondary screen using a BoNT/A activity assay in order to generate a dose-response curve to BoNT/A.

TABLE 1

Primary Screen for Clonal Cell Lines Susceptible to BoNT/A

Intoxication Using Viability and Activity Signals

Cell Viability
BoNT/A Activity

Reading
Signal
Activity/

Well
(RLU)
(RLU)
Viability Ratio

A1
2634417
2425
0.092 × 10⁻²

B1
731808
198
0.027 × 10⁻²

C1
4258160
1641
0.039 × 10⁻²

D1
6554606
4885
0.075 × 10⁻²

E1
2374483
897
0.038 × 10⁻²

F1
2801444
1842
0.066 × 10⁻²

G1
5094510
4579
0.090 × 10⁻²

H1
3808699
10861
0.285 × 10⁻²

A2
9593106
7090
0.074 × 10⁻²

B2
5374966
5673
0.106 × 10⁻²

C2
4170158
2972
0.071 × 10⁻²

D2
31283
88
0.281 × 10⁻²

E2
5706902
3743
0.066 × 10⁻²

F2
4884798
4568
0.094 × 10⁻²

G2
3552045
2190
0.062 × 10⁻²

H2
3743690
3421
0.091 × 10⁻²

A3
15372
89
0.579 × 10⁻²

B3
5381672
1551
0.029 × 10⁻²

C3
4270534
3959
0.093 × 10⁻²

D3
48702
97
0.199 × 10⁻²

E3
4707349
2671
0.057 × 10⁻²

F3
3053132
1539
0.050 × 10⁻²

G3
5518292
4195
0.076 × 10⁻²

H3
4156632
6339
0.153 × 10⁻²

A4
19793
89
0.450 × 10⁻²

B4
6224766
4299
0.069 × 10⁻²

C4
3212859
3202
0.100 × 10⁻²

D4
4376180
2367
0.054 × 10⁻²

E4
3931793
3975
0.101 × 10⁻²

F4
1150134
526
0.046 × 10⁻²

G4
19023
94
0.494 × 10⁻²

H4
3368425
2645
0.079 × 10⁻²

A5
8231689
7809
0.095 × 10⁻²

B5
5332004
6545
0.123 × 10⁻²

C5
3869441
5042
0.130 × 10⁻²

D5
2554300
1161
0.045 × 10⁻²

E5
3781403
764
0.020 × 10⁻²

F5
4608801
3720
0.081 × 10⁻²

G5
7105403
7330
0.103 × 10⁻²

H5
5585607
7544
0.135 × 10⁻²

A6
7698708
10152
0.132 × 10⁻²

B6
4706560
3196
0.068 × 10⁻²

C6
5866251
6145
0.105 × 10⁻²

D6
2285787
768
0.034 × 10⁻²

E6
2471979
1038
0.042 × 10⁻²

F6
10958
91
0.830 × 10⁻²

G6
19590
91
0.465 × 10⁻²

H6
2057687
2564
0.125 × 10⁻²

A7
10132753
27242
0.269 × 10⁻²

B7
2977371
1642
0.055 × 10⁻²

C7
5746577
4878
0.085 × 10⁻²

D7
5861338
6044
0.103 × 10⁻²

E7
2819910
1399
0.050 × 10⁻²

F7
23523
84
0.357 × 10⁻²

G7
6232344
4031
0.065 × 10⁻²

H7
4916756
2759
0.056 × 10⁻²

A8
5945833
5611
0.094 × 10⁻²

B8
4591002
2128
0.046 × 10⁻²

C8
5648241
8758
0.155 × 10⁻²

D8
4207887
3360
0.080 × 10⁻²

E8
5894699
3844
0.065 × 10⁻²

F8
5585487
4651
0.083 × 10⁻²

G8
4758800
4545
0.096 × 10⁻²

H8
5439137
8017
0.147 × 10⁻²

A9
10423188
20706
0.199 × 10⁻²

B9
6493893
4444
0.068 × 10⁻²

C9
5742047
5788
0.101 × 10⁻²

D9
3424405
1848
0.054 × 10⁻²

E9
5771943
8064
0.140 × 10⁻²

F9
24524
88
0.359 × 10⁻²

G9
7291510
6674
0.092 × 10⁻²

H9
4169883
6048
0.145 × 10⁻²

A10
9050811
17617
0.195 × 10⁻²

B10
5590113
5175
0.093 × 10⁻²

C10
2325807
1713
0.074 × 10⁻²

D10
2644116
2589
0.098 × 10⁻²

E10
4210945
2666
0.063 × 10⁻²

F10
2932749
6390
0.218 × 10⁻²

G10
3980127
3114
0.078 × 10⁻²

H10
4519035
6187
0.137 × 10⁻²

A11
9870025
24690
0.250 × 10⁻²

B11
4973892
2235
0.045 × 10⁻²

C11
3326448
6405
0.193 × 10⁻²

D11
5747961
7169
0.125 × 10⁻²

E11
5831546
8432
0.145 × 10⁻²

F11
5291803
4317
0.082 × 10⁻²

G11
3499587
2790
0.080 × 10⁻²

H11
3225750
4518
0.140 × 10⁻²

A12
9838
89
0.905 × 10⁻²

B12
3728293
2016
0.054 × 10⁻²

C12
4086862
5308
0.130 × 10⁻²

D12
5044526
3860
0.077 × 10⁻²

E12
4787913
2719
0.057 × 10⁻²

F12
5101695
2585
0.051 × 10⁻²

G12
2887390
1622
0.056 × 10⁻²

H12
2829307
5105
0.180 × 10⁻²

To conduct BoNT/A activity assay in order to generate a dose-response curve to BoNT/A, cells from each isolated clonal cell line were seeded in a poly-D-lysine 96-well plate and differentiated as described above. Of the top 18 clonal cell lines selected for further testing, only 8 remained viable, the remaining 10 clonal cell lines failed to regrow and were lost. The media from the differentiated cells was aspirated from each well and replaced with fresh media containing either 0 (untreated sample), 0.03 pM, 0.1 pM, 0.3 pM, 0.9 pM, 2.8 pM, 8.3 pM, and 25 pM of a BoNT/A complex. After a 24 hrs treatment, the cells were washed, incubated for an additional two days in serum-free medium without toxin to allow for the cleavage of the SNAP-25 substrate, and harvested as described above. The supernatant was transferred to a capture antibody coated 96-well plate to perform the detection step.

The α-SNAP-25 capture antibody solution, the α-SNAP-25 detection antibody solution, and the α-SNAP-25 solid phase support were prepared as described above. Detection of the presence of cleaved SNAP-25 product by ECL sandwich ELISA analysis was performed as described above. The raw data obtained from the ECL imager was then transferred to SigmaPlot v. 9.0 and a 4-parameter logistics fit was used to define the dose-response curves. There were no constraints used for the 4-parameter logistic function when plotting the data. Graphical reports were generated using the following analysis: R2 (correlation coefficient), a (Max for data set), b (hillslope), and X0±SE (EC₅₀value±standard error).

These results indicate that of the 8 clonal cell lines tested, only two were more susceptible to BoNT/A intoxication when compared to cells comprising the parental SiMa cell line (Table 2). For example, cells comprising the parental SiMa cell line exhibited an EC₅₀activity for BoNT/A of 2.20 pM, whereas cells comprising the H1 and A10 cell lines exhibited an EC₅₀activity for BoNT/A of 1.76 pM or less. Conversely, cells comprising the H10 and D11 cell line exhibited an EC₅₀activity for BoNT/A that was higher than that observed for cells comprising the parental SiMa cell line, but less than 5.0 pM. It should be noted that any clonal cell line exhibiting an EC₅₀activity for BoNT/A that is 5.0 pM or less (100 U/mL or less) is useful for an immuno-based method for determining BoNT/A activity described in Ester Fernandez-Salas, et al., Immuno-Based Botulinum Toxin Serotype A Activity Assays, U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/403,531.

TABLE 2

Secondary Screen for Clonal Cell Lines

Susceptible to BoNT/A Intoxication

BoNT/A Activity

Clone
EC₅₀(pM)
Signal_MIN(RLU)
Signal_MAX(RLU)

SiMa
2.20
123
47,611

H1
0.77
193
125,252

H3
ND
ND
ND

B5
>25.0
115
22,277

C5
ND
ND
ND

A6
ND
ND
ND

A7
5.59
153
100,412

D7
ND
ND
ND

H8
ND
ND
ND

A9
ND
ND
ND

A10
1.76
207
113,029

B10
6.35
147
101,935

F10
>25.0
111
32,663

H10
2.80
171
120,975

A11
ND
ND
ND

C11
ND
ND
ND

D11
4.4
1.84
105,527

E11
ND
ND
ND

C12
ND
ND
ND

ND = Not determined.

3. Primary Screen for BoNT/A Intoxication Susceptibility of Cells from a Clonal Cell Line Using a Formulated BoNT/A Pharmaceutical Product.

Another way to determine whether cells from a clonal cell line were susceptibility to BoNT/A intoxication was to conduct a primary screen by generating a dose-response curve to BoNT/A and calculate the EC₅₀value using an immuno-based method for determining BoNT/A activity as described in Ester Fernandez-Salas, et al., Immuno-Based Botulinum Toxin Serotype A Activity Assays, U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/403,531, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.

Initially six of 35 clonal cell line isolates were examined using a full dose response to BoNT/A. To prepare a lysate from cells treated with BoNT/A, cells from six clonal cell line were seeded in a poly-D-lysine 96-well plate and differentiated as described above in Section 2 except that the serum-free medium comprised 60 μg/mL GT1b. The clonal cell lines used were 3D8, YB8, 1D4, 2D6, 1E11, 2F5. The H1 and H10 clonal cell lines identified above, along with the parental SiMa cell line, were used as references to identify cell lines highly susceptible to BoNT/A intoxication. The media from the differentiated cells was aspirated from each well and replaced with fresh media containing either 0 (untreated sample), 0.98 U/mL, 1.9 U/mL, 3.91 U/mL, 7.81 U/mL, 15.6 U/mL, 31.3 U/mL, 62.5 U/mL, 125 U/mL, 250 U/mL, or 500 U/mL of a formulated BoNT/A pharmaceutical product. After a 24 hrs treatment, the cells were washed, incubated for an additional two days in serum-free medium without toxin to allow for the cleavage of the SNAP-25 substrate. To harvest the cells, 1×PBS was aspirated, the cells lysed by adding 30 μl of Lysis Buffer comprising 20 mM Tris-HCl (pH 7.5), 150 mM NaCl, 1 mM EDTA, 1 mM EGTA, 1% Triton X-100 to each well, and the plate incubated on a shaker rotating at 500 rpm for 30 minutes at 4° C. The plate was centrifuged at 4000 rpm for 20 minutes at 4° C. to pellet cellular debris. The protein concentration was determined using standard methods. The supernatant was transferred to a capture antibody coated 96-well plate to perform the detection step of the immuno-based method.

The α-SNAP-25 capture antibody solution, the α-SNAP-25 detection antibody solution, and the α-SNAP-25 solid phase support were prepared as described above in Section 2. Detection of the presence of SNAP-25 cleavage product by ECL sandwich ELISA analysis was performed, collected data was analyzed and the EC₅₀calculated as described above in Section 2, except that SigmaPlot v. 10 was used.

These results show that clonal cell line H1 comprises cells that are more susceptible to BoNT/A than the parental SIMa cell line (Table 3). In addition, results indicate that although clonal cell lines H10, 1D4, 1E11, 2D6, 2F5, 3D8, and YB8 all comprise cells that are less susceptible to BoNT/A than the parental SiMa cell line, all have an EC₅₀of BoNT/A activity that is below 30 U/mL (Table 3). It should be noted that any clonal cell line exhibiting an EC₅₀activity for BoNT/A that is 100 U/mL or less (5.0 pM or less) is useful for an immuno-based method for determining BoNT/A activity described in Ester Fernandez-Salas, et al., Immuno-Based Botulinum Toxin Serotype A Activity Assays, U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/403,531.

TABLE 3

Primary Screen for Clonal Cell Lines

Susceptible to BoNT/A Intoxication

BoNT/A Activity

Clone
EC₅₀(U/mL)
Signal_MIN(RLU)
Signal_MAX(RLU)

SiMa
10.8 ± 1.0
10,519
253,484

H1
10.2 ± 0.6
13,996
276,982

H10
22.2 ± 2.0
5,379
296,168

1D4
22.4 ± 0.8
6,064
239,096

1E11
14.2 ± 1.7
8,698
276,323

2D6
27.3 ± 1.8
3,347
179,454

2F5
15.8 ± 0.9
7,007
265,461

3D8
13.4 ± 0.6
11,658
266,279

YB8
19.7 ± 1.3
8,477
293,559

This initial primary screen using a dose-response curve with the 10 different BoNT/A concentrations identified three concentrations that were useful for a shortened assay using 3 different BoNT/A concentrations, with one concentration being slightly higher than the lower asymptote (8 U/mL), one concentration near the EC₅₀(25 U/mL), and one concentration representing about 80% of the upper asymptote (80 U/mL). In these subsequent primary screens the remaining 29 clonal cell line isolates were tested as described above except that the cells were treated with either 0 (untreated sample), 8 U/mL, 25 U/mL, or 80 U/mL of a formulated BoNT/A pharmaceutical product. The clonal cell lines tested were 1E3, 2B9, 2D2, 2E4, 3B8, 3D5, 3G10, 4B5, 4C8, 4D3, 5C10, 5F3, AC9, AF4, BB3, BB10, BE3, BF8, CC11, CD6, CE6, CG8, CG10, DC4, DD10, DE7, DF5, YB7, and YF5. In addition, the parental SiMa was used as positive control.

These results show that clonal cell lines 2E4, 3B8, 3D5, 5F3, AF4, BB3, BB10, and DC4 all comprise cells that are more susceptible to BoNT/A than the parental SiMa cell line (Table 4). In addition, these results indicate that clonal cell lines 1E3, 2B9, 3G10, 4B5, 4C8, AC9, BE3, BF8, CC11, CD6, CE6, CG8, CG10, DD10, DE7, and YF5 all comprise cells that are of similar susceptibility to BoNT/A to that of the parental SiMa cell line (Table 4). Lastly, these results reveal that clonal cell lines 2D2, 4D3, 5C10, DF5, and YB7 all comprise cells that are less susceptible to BoNT/A than the parental SiMa cell line (Table 4).

TABLE 4

Primary Screen for Clonal Cell Lines Susceptible to BoNT/A Intoxication

8 U/mL BoNT/A
25 U/mL BoNT/A
80 U/mL BoNT/A

Activity
Fold
Activity
Fold
Activity
Fold

Clone
Signal (RLU)
Difference
Signal (RLU)
Difference
Signal (RLU)
Difference

SiMa
75811/80562*
—
138952/175685*
—
173979/225768*
—

1E3
71040
0.9
128771
0.9
155107
0.9

2B9
66962
0.9
135006
1.0
166871
1.0

2D2
60224*
0.8
136947*
0.8
199786*
0.9

2E4
103680
1.4
217980
1.6
270463
1.6

3B8
123521
1.6
227367
1.6
249218
1.4

3D5
113532
1.5
201683
1.5
270578
1.6

3G10
83049
1.1
130930
0.9
175540
1.0

4B5
74344
1.0
137604
1.0
177363
1.0

4C8
87047
1.1
144395
1.0
185115
1.1

4D3
38063
0.5
80180
0.6
101724
0.6

5C10
16024*
0.2
49030
0.3
116396*
0.6

5F3
98263*
1.7
182902*
1.4
212275*
1.5

AC9
60016*
1.0
127030*
1.0
180384*
1.4

AF4
115460
1.5
179901
1.3
190867
1.1

BB3
74668
1.3
120966
1.4
170177
1.4

BB10
152748
2.0
232406
1.7
266555
1.5

BE3
100849
1.0
199487
0.9
236415
1.0

BF8
55763*
1.0
111746*
1.0
153074*
1.3

CC11
54421*
1.0
123576*
1.0
155337*
1.2

CD6
74970
1.0
151862
1.1
183377
1.1

CE6
70019
0.9
146292
1.1
208184
1.2

CG8
81790*
1.0
159098*
1.0
189209*
1.3

CG10
69503
0.9
141079
1.0
185801
1.1

DC4
112085
1.5
163319
1.2
169352
1.0

DD10
116325
1.5
205445
1.5
223473
1.3

DE7
60994*
0.9
131237*
0.9
174487*
0.9

DF5
34,165*
0.5
104,696*
0.7
179,314*
0.9

YB7
50433
0.7
103707
0.7
143423
0.8

YF5
65848
0.9
122487
0.9
146263
0.4

*Two separate screens were done. In the first, the signal detected for the SiMa cell line was 75811 RLU and this value was used to determine the fold difference for clonal cell lines tested in this screen (numbers with no asterisk). For the second screen, the signal detected for the SiMa cell line was 80562 RLU and this value was used to determine the fold difference for clonal cell lines tested in this screen (numbers with asterisk).

Example II
Stability Analysis of Clonal Cell Lines

The following example illustrates how to characterize the stability of cells from an established clonal cell line that are susceptible to BoNT/A intoxication or have neurotoxin uptake capacity.

During characterization of the SiMa cell line, it was determined that the parental SiMa cell line became unstable in terms of a significant loss of sensitivity to BoNT/A. For example, prior to passage 13, cells comprising the parental SiMa cell line routinely exhibited an EC₅₀for BoNT/A activity that was under 5.0 pM. However, after passages about 14 to about 20 passages, cells comprising the parental SiMa cell exhibited an EC₅₀for BoNT/A activity that was routinely over 25.0 pM. One reason for this dramatic reduction in the EC₅₀value may be because the SiMa cell line is heterogeneous in nature since it comprises at least five different cell types. Over time, one of these cell types could overtake the culture to the exclusion of the other four. If the overtaking cell type was less susceptible to BoNT/A intoxication, or not susceptible at all, then as this cell type became the dominant one in the cell line the EC₅₀for BoNT/A activity in this overtaken SiMa cell line would decrease. Thus, because the established clonal cell lines were derived from only one of these cell types, then it follows that the clonal cell line would exhibit greater stability in terms of maintaining an EC₅₀for BoNT/A activity that was routinely under 5.0 pM.

To determine whether the cells from the established clonal cell lines showed increased stability relative to the cells comprising the parental SIMa cell line, the EC₅₀for BoNT/A activity was determined for clonal cell lines BB10, H1, H10, and the parental SiMa cell line at different passage numbers using an immuno-based method for determining BoNT/A activity. The media from the differentiated cells was aspirated from each well and replaced with fresh media containing either 0 (untreated sample), 0.98 U/mL, 1.9 U/mL, 3.91 U/mL, 7.81 U/mL, 15.6 U/mL, 31.3 U/mL, 62.5 U/mL, 125 U/mL, 250 U/mL, or 500 U/mL of a formulated BoNT/A pharmaceutical product. After a 24 hrs treatment, the cells were washed, incubated for an additional two days in serum-free medium without toxin to allow for the cleavage of the SNAP-25 substrate, and harvested as described above. The supernatant was transferred to a capture antibody coated 96-well plate to perform the detection step.

Similarly, the preparation of the α-SNAP-25 capture antibody solution, α-SNAP-25 detection antibody solution, and the solid phase support comprising an α-SNAP-25 capture antibody were as described in Section 3. Lastly, detection of the presence of SNAP-25 cleavage product by ECL sandwich ELISA was performed, collected data was analyzed, and the EC₅₀calculated as described above in Section 2, except that PLA v. 2 was used for the 4-parameter logistics fit.

The results from this stability experiments indicated that BB10, H1 and H10 cell lines all exhibited increase stability as compared to the parental SiMa cell line. For example, where cells from the parental SiMa cell line exhibited an EC₅₀for BoNT/A activity that was over 500 U/mL (or 25 pM) after passages about 14 to about 20 passages, cells comprising the BB10, H1 and H10 cell lines all exhibited an EC₅₀for BoNT/A activity that was below 10 U/mL (or 0.5 pM) after passage about 30.

Example III
Gene Expression Profile of Cell Lines Comprising Cells Susceptible to BoNT/A Intoxication

The following example illustrates how to characterize cells from an established clonal cell line that are susceptible to BoNT/A intoxication or have neurotoxin uptake capacity by gene expression profiling.

To determine the changes in genome-wide gene transcription levels in cells susceptible to BoNT/A intoxication, gene expression analysis was performed on cells from H1, BB10, 2D6 and the parental SiMa cell line, in both differentiated and undifferentiated states using GENECHIP® U133 Plus 2 microarray technology (Affymetrix, Inc., Santa Clara, Calif.) according to the manufacturer's instructions, see, e.g., GENECHIP® Expression Analysis Technical Manual, 702232, Rev. 2 (2006) which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.

To prepare differentiated cells for these cell lines, a suitable density of cells from the H1, BB10, 2D6, and SiMa cell lines were seeded in separate T175 tissue culture flasks containing 50 mL of a serum-free medium comprising Enhanced Minimum Essential Medium, 10 mM HEPES, 1 mM sodium pyruvate, 0.1 mM Non-Essential Amino Acids, 1×B27 supplement, 1×N2 supplement, and 60 μg/mL GT1b (302-011-M005, Alexis Biochemicals, San Diego, Calif.). These cells were incubated in a 37° C. incubator under 5% carbon dioxide until the cells differentiated, as assessed by standard and routine morphological criteria, such as growth arrest and neurite extension, and attained 80% confluence (approximately 3 days). The cells were then washed with 50 mL of 1×PBS, trypsin-treated for 5 min at room temperature, and then 15 mL of growth medium was added to the flask to inactivate the trypsin. The cell suspension was transferred to a 50 mL tube and centrifuge at 200 RCF for 5 min at room temperature to pellet the cells. The cell pellet was washed once in 50 mL of 1×PBS, centrifuge at 200 RCF for 5 min at room temperature to pellet the cells, and the supernatant was removed. The cell pellet was quick frozen on dry ice and stored at −80° C. until needed.

To prepare undifferentiated cells for these cell lines, a suitable density of cells from the H1, BB10, 2D6, and SiMa cell lines were seeded in separate T175 tissue culture flasks containing 50 mL of growth medium comprising RPMI 1640, 10% fetal bovine serum, 10 mM HEPES, 1 mM sodium pyruvate, 0.1 mM Non-Essential Amino Acids, and 60 μg/mL GT1b. These cells were incubated in a 37° C. incubator under 5% carbon dioxide until the cells attained 80% confluence (approximately 3 days). The cells were then processed as described above and the cell pellet was quick frozen on dry ice and stored at −80° C. until needed.

To prepare total RNA, cells for each cell line were lysed and total RNA isolated and purified using a RNA isolation kit (QIAGEN, Valencia, Calif.) according to the manufacturer's protocols. DNA was digested using an on-column DNase I procedure (QIAGEN, Valencia, Calif.). RNA was quantified photospectrometrically at 260 nm and purity assessed by the A260A280 ratio using a spectrophotometer. RNA integrity was assessed using a Bioanalyser 2100 (Agilent Technologies, Inc., Santa Clara, Calif.). Extracted total RNA aliquots were snap-frozen in liquid nitrogen and stored at −80° C.

To prepare cDNA probes for the gene microarray chips, about 1-15 μg was reversed transcribed using a T7-Oligo(dT) promoter primer in the first strand cDNA synthesis reaction. Following RNase H-mediated second strand cDNA synthesis, the double-stranded cDNA was purified and served as a template for subsequent in vitro transcription reaction. The in vitro transcription reaction was carried out in the presence of T7 RNA polymerase and a biotinylated nucleotide analog/ribonucleotide mix for complementary RNA (cRNA) amplification and biotin labeling. The biotinylated cRNA targets were then cleaned up, fragmented, and hybridized to microchip expression arrays for 17 hours at 65° C. according to the manufacturer's instructions, see, e.g., GENECHIP® Expression Analysis Technical Manual, 702232, Rev. 2 (2006) which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. To identify substantial treatment-related up- or down-regulated gene expression differences compared to control cell lines, greater than 1.5-fold differences (log₂0.58) were considered significant, and only those genes that displayed consistent changes in expression in the triplicate analysis were considered (Tables 5-12).

Expression profiling for cell lines H1, BB10 and 2D6 analyzed in the undifferentiated state revealed that 1,323 genes were identified as having their expression levels increase by 1.5-fold (log₂0.58) or more in the H1 and BB10 cell lines as compared to the gene expression levels obtained from the 2D6 cell line (Table 5). Of these, 686 genes exhibited an increase in expression levels in the H1 and BB10 cell lines by 2-fold (log₂1.0) or more as compared to the expression level for these genes determined from the 2D6 cell line; and 231 genes exhibited an increase in expression levels in the H1 and BB10 cell lines by 4-fold (log₂2.0) or more as compared to the expression level for these genes determined from the 2D6 cell line. With respect to decreased expression, 1,438 genes were identified as having their expression levels decreased by 1.5-fold (log₂0.58) or more in the H1 and BB10 cell lines as compared to the gene expression levels obtained from the 2D6 cell line (Table 6). Of these, 668 genes exhibited a decrease in expression levels in the H1 and BB10 cell lines by 2-fold (log₂1.0) or more as compared to the expression level for these genes determined from the 2D6 cell line; and 107 genes exhibited a decrease in expression levels in the H1 and BB10 cell lines by 4-fold (log₂2.0) or more as compared to the expression level for these genes determined from the 2D6 cell line.

Expression profiling for cell lines H1, BB10 and 2D6 analyzed in the differentiated state revealed that 2,556 genes were identified as having their expression levels increased by 1.5-fold (log₂0.58) or more in the H1 and BB10 cell lines as compared to the gene expression levels obtained from the 2D6 cell line (Table 7). Of these, 1,634 genes exhibited an increase in expression levels in the H1 and BB10 cell lines by 2-fold (log₂1.0) or more as compared to the expression level for these genes determined from the 2D6 cell line; and 696 genes exhibited an increase in expression levels in the H1 and BB10 cell lines by 4-fold (log₂2.0) or more as compared to the expression level for these genes determined from the 2D6 cell line. With respect to decreased expression, 2,087 genes were identified as having their expression levels decreased by 1.5-fold (log₂0.58) or more in the H1 and BB10 cell lines as compared to the gene expression levels obtained from the 2D6 cell line (Table 8). Of these, 1,215 genes exhibited a decrease in expression levels in the H1 and BB10 cell lines by 2-fold (log₂1.0) or more as compared to the expression level for these genes determined from the 2D6 cell line; and 280 genes exhibited a decrease in expression levels in the H1 and BB10 cell lines by 4-fold (log₂2.0) or more as compared to the expression level for these genes determined from the 2D6 cell line.

Expression profiling for cell lines H1, BB10 and SiMa analyzed in the undifferentiated state revealed that 1,232 genes were identified as having their expression levels increase by 1.5-fold (log₂0.58) or more in the H1 and BB10 cell lines as compared to the gene expression levels obtained from the SiMa parental cell line (Table 9). Of these, 764 genes exhibited an increase in expression levels in the H1 and BB10 cell lines by 2-fold (log₂1.0) or more as compared to the expression level for these genes determined from the SiMa parental cell line; and 228 genes exhibited an increase in expression levels in H1 and BB10 cell lines by 4-fold (log₂2.0) or more as compared to the expression level for these genes determined from the SiMa parental cell line. With respect to decreased expression, 1,265 genes were identified as having their expression levels decreased by 1.5-fold (log₂0.58) or more in the H1 and BB10 cell lines as compared to the gene expression levels obtained from the SiMa parental cell line (Table 10). Of these, 648 genes exhibited a decrease in expression levels in the H1 and BB10 cell lines by 2-fold (log₂1.0) or more as compared to the expression level for these genes determined from the SiMa parental cell line; and 189 genes exhibited a decrease in expression levels in H1 and BB10 cell lines by 4-fold (log₂2.0) or more as compared to the expression level for these genes determined from the SiMa parental cell line.

Expression profiling for cell lines H1, BB10 and SiMa analyzed in the differentiated state revealed that 756 genes were identified as having their expression levels increase by 1.5-fold (log₂0.58) or more in the H1 and BB10 cell lines as compared to the gene expression levels obtained from the SiMa parental cell line (Table 11). Of these, 472 genes exhibited an increase in expression levels in the H1 and BB10 cell lines by 2-fold (log₂1.0) or more as compared to the expression level for these genes determined from the SiMa parental cell line; and 150 genes exhibited an increase in expression levels in H1 and BB10 cell lines by 4-fold (log₂2.0) or more as compared to the expression level for these genes determined from the SiMa parental cell line. With respect to decreased expression, 912 genes were identified as having their expression levels decreased by 1.5-fold (log₂0.58) or more in the H1 and BB10 cell lines as compared to the gene expression levels obtained from the SiMa parental cell line (Table 12). Of these, 411 genes exhibited a decrease in expression levels in the H1 and BB10 cell lines by 2-fold (log₂1.0) or more as compared to the expression level for these genes determined from the SiMa parental cell line; and 108 genes exhibited a decrease in expression levels in H1 and BB10 cell lines by 4-fold (log₂2.0) or more as compared to the expression level for these genes determined from the SiMa parental cell line.

Example IV
Pathway Analysis of Gene Expression Profiles from Clonal Cell Lines

The following example illustrates how to characterize gene expression profiles from clonal cells from an established clonal cell line that are susceptible to BoNT/A intoxication or have neurotoxin uptake capacity in order to identify biological networks or pathways associated with BoNT/A intoxication.

An Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) Core Analysis (Ingenuity Systems Inc., Redwood City, Calif.) was performed to characterize the RNA expression phenotype of two independently derived BoNT/A very sensitive single clone cell lines, BB10 and H1, compared to a related but much less BoNT/A sensitive single clone cell line, 2D6. The analysis was done to identify the specific gene expression phenotype of a BoNT/A sensitive cell line. The result can also be used to predict and potentially identify proteins that function to enhance BoNT/A uptake.

An Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) Core Analysis was performed that identified biologically relevant networks to BoNT/A intoxication based on connectivity among the genes from an IPA library and the genes exhibiting significant changes as determined from the expression profiling discussed above. For this analysis, all genes that exhibited an increased or decrease in expression levels in the H1 and BB10 cell lines by 4-fold (log₂2.0) or more as compared to the expression level for these genes determined from the 2D6 cell line were used, in conjunction with, selected genes with known or suspected relevance to BoNT/A intoxication, hereafter referred to as the Profile genes. The significance of the association to a given network was measured and ranked by the ratio of the number of Profile genes that mapped to the specific network divided by the total number of genes that map to that network. Fisher's exact test was used to calculate p-scores, which represent the association between the Profile genes and the network, and based on the p-scores the genes from the Profile genes were used to rank the networks. The p-scores were derived from p-values. If there are n genes in the network and f of them are Profile genes, then the p-value is the probability of finding f or more Profile genes in a set of n genes randomly selected from the Global Molecular Network. Since significant p-values are quite low (e.g., 1×10⁻⁸), a p-score was defined as the component of the p-value; p-score=−log 10 (p-value). The identified networks were overlaid with differentially expressed genes which had more than 1.5-fold differential expression and a p-value ≦0.001 either before or after differentiation.

Using IPA Core Analysis the differentially expressed Profile genes were connected to 26 Networks. Nineteen of these included 10 or more Profile genes (Table 13). Among these nineteen networks three overall networks groups, named A, B and C were identified (Table 13). Within the networks in these three groups there were overlapping genes and the expression for more than three genes was increased after differentiation. Group A genes include the FGFR2 receptor which has been shown to function in the BoNT/A intoxication process as a receptor for BoNT/A and are as follows: genes exhibiting a 1.5-fold or more decrease in expression levels in the H1 and BB10 cell lines as compared to their expression in cells from the 2D6 cell line, ANXA2, AQP1, ARHGAP9, CDH10, CDKN2A, CHPT1, CNTN2, ERAP1, and RGS11; genes exhibiting a 1.5-fold or more increase in expression levels in the H1 and BB10 cell lines as compared to their expression in cells from the 2D6 cell line, ADAMTS9, ATAD2, C11ORF82, CDC45L, CNTN1, CNTN4, Cyclin A, Cyclin E, E2F1, E2F2, E2F7, ELOVL7, EME1, FGFR, FGFR2, KIAA1524, MELK, MYBL1, MYBL2, NDC80, NDN, ORC1L, PLS3, PRIMA1, RAD54L, RBL1, RBPMS, RRM2, S1PR3, SCLY, SLCIA3, SPC24, SPC25, ST8SIA4, TFDP1, TFP12, TK1, TMEM35, TTK, TWIST1, TYMS, TYK, and ZWINT.

Group B genes include the EGFR, a receptor which is regulated by NGF, which has been shown to increase BoNT/A uptake in cell culture experiments and are as follows: genes exhibiting a 1.5-fold or more decrease in expression levels in the H1 and BB10 cell lines as compared to their expression in cells from the 2D6 cell line, ABCC8, AELIM3, CAP2, IL17B, MEF2A, NEEBL, PHC, S100A6, SLC1A6, SMAD1, SMAD5, SMAD8, SYT13, and SYTL1; genes exhibiting a 1.5-fold or more increase in expression levels in the H1 and BB10 cell lines as compared to their expression in cells from the 2D6 cell line, AURKB, BIRC5, BRCA1, BRCA2, BRIP1, BUB1B, CD9, DLGAP3, DYNLT3, ENC1, FBLN1, FOXM1, Gβγ, GNAI1, GNG11, GNG12, GPSM2, GUCY1B3, HGF, ITGA6, JNK, KCNJ5, KIF18A, KITLG, MMD, MSN, MYRIP, NEK2, NR3C1, NXPH1, OSBPL3, PKMYT1, PTPRM, RAD51, RAD51AP1, SLC7A2, SLC43A3, SMC6, SNAI2, SNCAIP, SSH2, STK17A, SYNPO2, TOP2A, TPTE, TRAF4, TSPAN, TSPAN4, UBE3, UBE3B, and VAV3.

Group C genes include a number of microtubule motor proteins of the kinesin family that may function in the intracellular trafficking of BoNT/A and are as follows: genes exhibiting a 1.5-fold or more decrease in expression levels in the H1 and BB10 cell lines as compared to their expression in cells from the 2D6 cell line, CSTB, GPCR, GRIM5, KISSR, SCN2A, SLC1A2, and THBS2; genes exhibiting a 1.5-fold or more increase in expression levels in the H1 and BB10 cell lines as compared to their expression in cells from the 2D6 cell line, ALCAM, AURKA, CHEK, CIT, CSRP2, E2F, ECT2, EFNB2, ERK, ESPL1, GNAI, GPR161, HMMR, KIF4A, KIF14, KIF15, KIF22, KIF23, KIFC1, LPAR1, MK167, OIP5, PHLPP, PP1/PP2A, PPP1R3C, PRC1, PTTG1, RACGAP, RB, RGS5, SDC2, and TPX2.

The remaining networks identified did not share common genes between any other network. For Network 3, genes exhibiting a 1.5-fold or more decrease in expression levels in the H1 and BB10 cell lines as compared to their expression in cells from the 2D6 cell line, ADARB1, ADM, PTPPH, and SLCO1A2; genes exhibiting a 1.5-fold or more increase in expression levels in the H1 and BB10 cell lines as compared to their expression in cells from the 2D6 cell line, ASCL1, HES6, MAPK, NMU, PEG3, PTPRK, PRLHR, PTPRK, SGOL2, SPARC, and ZNF217. For Network 6, genes exhibiting a 1.5-fold or more decrease in expression levels in the H1 and BB10 cell lines as compared to their expression in cells from the 2D6 cell line, CNGA3, HIST1H3E and PTGS1; genes exhibiting a 1.5-fold or more increase in expression levels in the H1 and BB10 cell lines as compared to their expression in cells from the 2D6 cell line, ASF1B, BASP1, CHAF1A, NCAPH, PBK, PRAME, SMC2, UHRF1, and VRK1. For Network 9, genes exhibiting a 1.5-fold or more decrease in expression levels in the H1 and BB10 cell lines as compared to their expression in cells from the 2D6 cell line, HIST1H2BD and OSCAR; genes exhibiting a 1.5-fold or more increase in expression levels in the H1 and BB10 cell lines as compared to their expression in cells from the 2D6 cell line, C14ORF106, CEP72, KIF20A, PCNA, PEX13, PFC5, POLQ, SPAG5, SYTL4, TROAP, and WDR51A. For Network 12, genes exhibiting a 1.5-fold or more increase in expression levels in the H1 and BB10 cell lines as compared to their expression in cells from the 2D6 cell line, ANLN, ARHGAP24, ASPM, BUB1, CCDC99, CEP55, CKAP2, DRAM, E2F8, PLXNA2, SLC16A10, UBE2C, UBE2S, and WDHD1. For Network 13, genes exhibiting a 1.5-fold or more decrease in expression levels in the H1 and BB10 cell lines as compared to their expression in cells from the 2D6 cell line, CALY; genes exhibiting a 1.5-fold or more increase in expression levels in the H1 and BB10 cell lines as compared to their expression in cells from the 2D6 cell line, ARHGEF3, CTSL2, DIAPH3, FBP1, KIF2C, KIF11, PFKFB3, and PLK4. For Network 14, genes exhibiting a 1.5-fold or more decrease in expression levels in the H1 and BB10 cell lines as compared to their expression in cells from the 2D6 cell line, COL5A1 and MICAL2; genes exhibiting a 1.5-fold or more increase in expression levels in the H1 and BB10 cell lines as compared to their expression in cells from the 2D6 cell line, FNDC5, HSPC159, MAB21L2, SLITRK5, SYN2, and ZNF367. For Network 15, genes exhibiting a 1.5-fold or more decrease in expression levels in the H1 and BB10 cell lines as compared to their expression in cells from the 2D6 cell line, OLFML2A and SIGIRR; genes exhibiting a 1.5-fold or more increase in expression levels in the H1 and BB10 cell lines as compared to their expression in cells from the 2D6 cell line, EXO1, KCTD12, MYO6, PHEBL1, SHCBP1, TPBG, and TUBB6. For Network 17, genes exhibiting a 1.5-fold or more decrease in expression levels in the H1 and BB10 cell lines as compared to their expression in cells from the 2D6 cell line, HPCAL1 and LPAR5; genes exhibiting a 1.5-fold or more increase in expression levels in the H1 and BB10 cell lines as compared to their expression in cells from the 2D6 cell line, BTG3, GABRA5, TR1P10, and ZNF521. For Network 19, genes exhibiting a 1.5-fold or more decrease in expression levels in the H1 and BB10 cell lines as compared to their expression in cells from the 2D6 cell line, HTR1E and SORCS1; genes exhibiting a 1.5-fold or more increase in expression levels in the H1 and BB10 cell lines as compared to their expression in cells from the 2D6 cell line, BNC2, DPYD, EMILIN2, PPIL5, and TACC3.

TABLE 13

IPA Core Analysis of Profile Genes

Profile
Expression
Expression

Proteins in

Gene
Undifferentiated State
Differentiated State

Group
Network
Network
pvalue
Number
Decreased
Increased
Decreased
Increased

A
1
ADAMTS9,
51
30
CDKN2A
ADAMTS9,
CDKN2A,
ADAMTS9,

ATAD2,

CNTN1,
CNTN2,
ATAD2,

CDC45L,

HDAC, NDN,

CDC45L,

CDKN2A,

PLS3,

CNTN1,

CNTN1,

S1PR3, TFPI2

Cyclin A,

CNTN2, Cyclin

Cyclin E,

A, Cyclin E,

E2F1, E2F2,

DIRAS3, E2F1,

E2F7,

E2F2, E2F7,

FGFR2,

FGFR2, HDAC,

MYBL1,

MYBL1,

MYBL2,

MYBL2,

NDC80,

NDC80, NDN,

NDN,

NFkB, ORC1L,

ORC1L,

PLS3,

PLS3,

RAD54L,

RAD54L,

RBL1, RRM2,

RBL1,

S1PR3,

RRM2,

SPC24,

S1PR3,

SPC25,

SPC24,

TFDP1, TFPI2,

SPC25,

TK1,

TFDP1,

TNFRSF10D,

TFPI2, TK1,

TTK, TYMS,

TTK, TYMS,

TYK, ZWINT

TYK, ZWINT

C
2
ALCAM, ANK2,
46
28
ANK2,
ALCAM,
KISSR,
ALCAM,

ANK3, AURKA,

ANK3,
DOK5, ERK,
SCN2A
AURKA,

DOK5, E2F,

PHKA2,
GFRA2,

E2F, ERK,

ERK, ESPL1,

PPP2R2C,
PP1/PP2A,

ESPL1,

GDF15,

SCN2A
PP2A,

HMMR,

GFRA2,

PPP1R3C,

KIF15,

HMMR, ITGA9,

PPP2R2B

KIF22,

KIF15, KIF22,

MKI67, OIP5,

KISS1R,

PHLPP,

KPNA, KPNB,

PP1/PP2A,

LGI1, MAFB,

PPP1R3C,

MAP2K1,

PTTG1, RB,

MAP2K2,

TPX2

MKI67, NRG3,

OIP5, PHKA2,

PHLPP,

POSTN,

PP1/PP2A,

PP2A,

PPP1R3C,

PPP2R2B,

PPP2R2C,

PTTG1, RAF1,

RB, SCN2A,

TPX2

—
3
ADARB1,
46
28
ADARB1,
ASCL1,
ADARB1,
ASCL1,

ADM, AKAP12,

GRIP2,
DLL1, FRZB,
ADM,
HES6,

ALP, ASCL1,

SLCO1A2
MAPK,
PTPPH,
MAPK, NMU,

BHLHB2, CRH,

PEG3, PLAT,
SLCO1A2
PEG3,

DLL1, FRZB,

PRLHR,

PRLHR,

FSH, GRIA2,

SMAD6,

PTPRK,

GRIP2, hCG,

SPARC,

SGOL2,

HES6,

ZNF217

SPARC,

HTATIP2,

ZNF217

IL13RA2,

MAPK, NMU,

PDGF BB,

PDLIM3,

PEG3, PLAT,

PPFIA4,

PRLHR,

PTPRH,

PTPRK,

SGOL2,

SLCO1A2,

SMAD6,

SPARC, STC1,

TEAD4, TGFB,

VEGF, ZNF217

C
4
AKT, ACTN1,
43
27
CSTB,
GNAI,
CSTB,
CIT, CSRP2,

ACTN2,

GPCR,
GPR161,
GPCR,
ECT2,

ACTN3, ATF5,

GRIM5,
LPAR1,
GRIM5,
EFNB2,

ATM/ATR,

SLC1A2
RGS5
SLC1A2,
CHEK, GNAI,

BDKRB2,

THBS2
GPR161,

CHEK1,

KIF4A,

CHEK2, CIT,

KIF14,

CSRP2, CSTB,

KIF23,

CTSH, ECT2,

KIFC1,

EFNB2,

LPAR1,

ELMO1, GNAI,

PRC1,

GABBR2,

RACGAP,

GPCR,

RGS5,

GPR161,

SDC2,

GRM5, ICAM2,

KIF4A, KIF14,

KIF23, KIFC1,

LPAR1, MMP,

PDGFA

PDGFB, PRC1,

RAC, RAC2,

RACGAP1,

RGS5, SDC2,

SLC1A2,

THBS2

B
5
ABLIM3, F-
38
25
SYT13,
CD9, CXCR4,
AELIM3,
CD9, ENC1,

ACTF, G-ACT,

S100A6
ENC1, Gβγ,
S100A6,
Gβγ, GNAI1,

CD9, CXCR4,

GNAI1,
SYT13,
GNG11,

DTNA, ENC1,

GNG11,
SYTL1
GNG12,

FNBP, Gβγ,

GNG12,

GPSM2,

GNAI1,

ITGA6, JNK,

ITGA6, JNK,

GNG11,

MSN, MYRIP,

KCNJ4,

GNG12,

STK17A

MSN,

GPSM2, ITG,

MYRIP,

ITA5, ITGA6,

NXPH1,

JNK, KCNJ4,

STK17A,

MLC, MSN,

TRAF4,

MYRIP, NOX,

TSPAN,

NET1, NRXN1,

TSPAN4,

NXPH1, PI3K,

VAV3

RHO, S100A6,

STK17A,

SYT13, SYTL1,

TRAF4,

TSPAN,

TSPAN3,

TSPAN4,

VAV3

—
6
ADCY, ADCY1,
36
24
CAMK2B
BASP1,
CNGA3,
ASF1B,

AP1, ASF1B,

HRH3
HIST1H3E,
BASP1,

ATP2B4,

PTGS1
CHAF1A,

BASP1,

NCAPH,

BCL11B, CAM,

PBK,

CAMK2B,

PRAME,

CHAF1A,

SMC2,

CNGA3,

UHRF1,

CYP2E1,

VRK1

DACH1,

HIST1H3E,

HISH3, HRH3,

HSP90, IL1,

IL12, INS,

INFA, ISG20,

KCNN2, LDL,

MMP14,

NCAPH, PBK,

PDGF, PIAS1,

PRAME,

PTGS1,

SEC31A,

SMC2, UHRF1,

VRK1

B
7
BARD1,
32
24
CAP2,
NR3C1,
CAP2,
BRCA1,

BRCA1,

CNA,
SMC6,
MEF2A,
BRCA2,

BRCA2,

PHLDA2,
SNCAIP,
PKC(s),
BRIP1,

BRIP1,

PKC(s)
TCF7L2
SLC1A6
BUB1B,

BUB1B, CNA,

DLGAP3,

CAP2, CK2,

GUCY1B3,

DLGAP5, FAT,

NEK2,

GUCY1B3,

KITLG,

HSP70, KITLG,

NR3C1,

MEF2A, NEK2,

RAD51,

NFAT, NR3C1,

RAD51AP1,

NF1, PHLDA2,

SMC6,

PKC(s),

SNAI2,

RAD51,

SNCAIP,

RAD51AP1,

UBE3,

TOP2,

UBE3B

SAMD4A,

SLC1A6,

SMC6, SNAI2,

SNCAIP,

STAT5a,

STAT5b,

TCF7L2,

UBE3, UBE3B,

UBN, XPO1

B
8
CBP, AURKB,
30
21
KCNMA1,
ERK1, ERK2,
NDRG1,
AURKB,

BIRC5,

NDRG1,
MAOA, P38
SMAD1,
BIRC5,

CACNA1D,

RAS
MAPK,
SMAD5,
ERK1, ERK2,

CBP/p300,

RGMA
SMAD8
FBLN1,

CD3, CREB,

FOXM1,

CREB5, DBH,

HGF, MAOA,

EGR1, ERK1,

P38 MAPK,

ERK2, FBLN1,

PKMYT1,

FBN1, FOXM1,

SYNPO2,

HGF, INCENP,

TOP2A

KCNMA1,

LGALS1,

MAOA, MEK,

NDRG1, NID1,

P38 MAPK,

PKA, PKMYT1,

PRKAC,

PRKACB, RAF,

RAP1, RAS,

RGMA, RSK,

SMAD1,

SMAD5,

SMAD8,

SYNPO2,

TOP2A

—
9
C14ORF106,
19
15
—
PCGF5
HIST1H2BD,
C14ORF106,

CDKN1A,

OSCAR
CEP72,

CEP72, DHX8,

KIF20A,

FKBPL,

PCNA,

HIST1H2BD,

PEX13,

HNF4A,

PFC5,

KIF20A,

POLQ,

KRT18,

SPAG5,

MTHFS,

SYTL4,

OSCAR,

TROAP,

PCGF5, PCNA,

WDR51A

PELO, PEX13,

PFC5, POLD4,

POLK, POLL,

POLM, POLQ,

POLS,

R3HDM1,

RASL12,

RFC5,

SLC33A1,

SPAG5,

STAT4,

SULT1A1,

SULT1C2,

SYTL4,

TCEAL3,

TROAP, VEZT,

WDR51A,

ZBTB16

A
10
ARHGAP9,
18
15
CHPT1
CNTN4,
ARHGAP9,
CNTN4,

CDH10, CDS1,

ELOVL7,
CDH10
ELOVL7,

CDS2, CHPT1,

HAND1,

EME1,

CNTN4,

ODS2, SOX2,

FGFR,

ELOVL7,

TWIST1

KIAA1524,

EME1, FGFR,

PRIMA1,

GAS6, HAND1,

RBPMS,

IFI202B, ISL1,

ST8SIA4,

KIAA1524,

TWIST1

KRT74,

MIRN31,

MUS81, MYF6,

MYOD1,

NFYB, OTX1,

PRIMA1, QKI,

RBM9,

RBPMS,

RORA,

SHOX2,

SLC39A8,

SOX2, SOX15,

ST8SIA4,

STAT3,

TWIST1,

VPS39, ZFHX3

B
11
ALDH3A2,
18
15
PHLDA2
BAMBI,
—
DYNLT3,

B3GALT2,

CUGBP2,

KIF18A,

BAMBI, CNN2,

DYNLT3,

PTPRM,

CTNNAL1,

SLC7A2,

SLC7A2,

CTNNB1,

SLC43A3,

SLC43A3,

CTSC,

STK17A,

SSH2,

CUGBP2,

TPTE

STK17A,

DYNLT3, IL13,

TPTE

KIF18A,

LIN7C, MFI2,

MPP5, MRC2,

NDST1, PDGF-

CC, PHLDA2,

PLAU, PPM1J,

PPP1CA,

PTPN14,

PTPRM,

SLC16A3,

SLC26A2,

SLC43A3,

SLC7A2,

SSH2,

STK17A,

TAX1BP3,

TCF7L1,

TGFB1, TPTE,

TSPAN8

—
12
AHR, AHRR,
17
15
HS3ST1
PDZRN3,
—
ANLN,

ANLN, APH1B,

PVRL3

ARHGAP24,

ARHGAP24,

ASPM,

ASPM, BUB1,

BUB1,

CCDC99,

CCDC99,

CEP55,

CEP55,

CKAP2,

CKAP2,

DRAM, E2F8,

DRAM,

HS3ST1,

E2F8,

JPH1,

PLXNA2,

MIRN124-1,

SLC16A10,

NMT2,

UBE2C,

PDZRN3,

UBE2S,

PLXNA2,

WDHD1

PMM1,

PPP1R13L,

PVRL3, RFFL,

S100A2,

SLC16A10,

TP53, UBE2A,

UBE2C,

UBE2D2,

UBE2S,

UBE2V1,

UBE2V2,

UBL3,

VPS37C,

WDHD1

—
13
ARHGEF3,
17
14
CALY
ARHGEF3,
CALY
ARHGEF3,

CALY, CSH2,

GSK3B,

CTSL2,

CTSL2,

RMP22

DIAPH3,

DIAPH3,

FBP1,

ECEL1, FBP1,

KIF2C,

FFAR2,

KIF11,

FRAT2,

PFKFB3,

GSK3B,

PLK4

HSD17B4, IL6,

IL19, KIF11,

KIF2C, KNG1,

LARGE,

LEFTY2,

LGR5, LIF,

LPAR3, MPZ,

MSLN, ORM2,

PFKFB3,

PLK4, PMP22,

PRPH, PRSS8,

PTGER3,

SCN7A,

SCNN1B,

SLC4A11,

TAL1

—
14
AGT,
15
13
CPNE3
CADPS,
COL5A1,
FNDC5,

AGTRAP, Beta

FNDC5,
MICAL2
HSPC159,

ARK, CADPS,

MAB21L2,

MAB21L2,

CD160,

SLITRK5,

SLITRK5,

COL5A1,

ST8SIA2

SYN2,

CPNE8,

ZNF367

FNDC5,

HSPC159, INA,

ITGA7, LIMA1,

LPP,

MAB21L2,

MAPK1,

MERTK,

MICAL2,

MIRN294,

MIRN185,

MIRN352,

NTN1, PLCG1,

PLCG2,

PTGFR,

RASGEF1B,

RBM4B, RSU1,

SKAP1,

SLITRK5,

SPRED1,

ST8SIA2,

SYN2, TGFB3,

TNS1, ZNF367

—
15
ACT1, BAG5,
15
13
—
KCTD12,
OLFML2A,
EXO1,

CPVL, EXO1,

TPBG
SIGIRR
KCTD12,

GIPC1, GJC1,

MYO6,

GPR37,

PHEBL1,

HSPA5,

SHCBP1,

HSPA1A,

TPBG,

HSPBP1,

TUBB6

IkBKB,

KCTD12,

MAP3K3,

MAP3K14,

MEKK3/NIK,

MIRN30B,

MYO6,

OLFML2A,

PELI3,

RHEBL1,

RNF126,

RPL10A,

RPN1,

SEC16A,

SHC1,

SHCBP1,

SIGIRR, TJP3,

TPBG, TRAF6,

TRAF2-TRAF5,

TRAF2-TRAF5,

TRAF6,

TUBB6,

TUBB2B

B
16
ABCC8,
15
13
IL17B
DACT1,
ABCC8,
MMD,

BACE2,

PCDH8
IL17B,
OSBPL3,

CLASP1,

NEEBL
SYNPO2

COLEC12,

CXCR7,

DACT1,

ENTPD5,

FGD6, FMO1,

GSTT1, IL17B,

KRT34, KYNU,

LAMP3,

LMCD1,

MIRN101B,

MMD, NEBL,

NFRKB,

OSBPL3,

PCDH8,

PEMT,

RASAL2,

SAMD4A,

ST3GAL3,

SYNGR3,

SYNPO2, TNF,

TNNC1, TXN2,

YWHAG,

ZNF267, ZYX

—
17
ARPP-19,
14
13
HPCAL1
PPAP2B
HPCAL1,
BTG3,

BTG3,

LPAR5
GABRA5,

CBFA2T2,

TRIP10,

CBLN1,

ZNF521

CNGA2, EBF1,

EGF, EGFR,

GABA,

GABRA5,

GABRB3,

GABRD,

GABRR1,

HDAC9,

HPCAL1, HTT,

IDS, INSL3,

LPAR5,

OPRL1,

PCDH9,

PDE10A,

PDE11A,

PDE1A,

PDE1B,

PDE2A,

PDE4C,

PDE6H,

PPAP2B,

PPP1R1B,

ROBO2,

SH3D2C1,

TRIP10,

ZNF521

A
18
ANXA2, AQP1,
14
12
AQP1,
MINA,
ANXA2,
C11ORF82,

C11ORF82,

CDKN2A
PDE5A
CDKN2A,
MELK, MINA,

CCNI,

ERAP1,
PDE5A,

CDKN2A,

RGS11
SCLY,

DEFB104A,

SLC1A3,

DEFB4,

TMEM35

EGLN3,

ERAP1,

FAM129A,

GNAO1, IFNG,

IL1B, IL1F7,

INCA,

LOC729687,

MELK, MINA,

MIRN210,

MPA2L, MYC,

NNAT, PDE5A,

RGS11,

RNASE7, RT1-

B, SCLY,

SCUBE1,

SLC11A1,

SLC14A1,

SLC1A3, ST18,

TSH, TMEM35,

TREM3

—
19
BIRC8, BNC2,
10
10
—
EMILIN2,
HTR1E,
BNC2,

CASP5,

PLXNA4
SORCS1
DPYD,

CASP10,

EMILIN2,

CASP14,

PPIL5,

CASP, CBLN2,

TACC3

DEDD2,

DNASE1L1,

DPYD, DSG3,

EIF4E,

EMILIN2,

HTR1D,

HTR1E,

HTR1F,

HTR3A, IFT57,

KHDC1,

MIRN20A,

MTCH1,

NGFR,

PLXNA4,

PPIL5, RB1,

RP11-257K9.7,

SEMA6D,

SERPINA3K,

SORCS1,

STK25, SYT5,

TACC3, TERT

—
20
EGFL7, GFI1B
2
1
—
—
—
—

—
21
AGRN,
2
1
—
—
—
—

PRSS12

—
22
KCNB1,
2
1
—
—
—
—

KCNG3

—
23
NUP37,
2
1
—
—
—
—

NUP43

—
24
HS6ST1,
2
1
—
—
—
—

HS6ST2

—
25
FUCA1,
2
1
—
—
—
—

FUCA2

—
26
IQGAP,
2
1
—
—
—
—

IQGAP3,

MIRN339

Example V
Pathway Analysis of Gene Expression Profiles from Clonal Cell Lines

Computer analysis was performed to characterize the RNA expression phenotype of two independently derived single clone cell lines, BB10 and H1, very sensitive to BoNT/A activity and a single clone cell line, 2D6, that was less sensitive BoNT/A activity. The results are useful in identifying clonal cell lines selected from the SiMa parental cell line that are useful to practice the methods disclosed in the present specification.

To identify the specific gene expression phenotype associated with a BoNT/A sensitive cell line, the data was analyzed using JMP Genomic (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, N.C.). To perform a JMP Genomics analysis, the RNA expression data was imported to JMP Genomics by creating two SAS files, designated “data” and “Experiment design.” A basic expression workflow was performed, including a variance analysis and one-way analysis of variance (one-way ANOVA) to identify differences in mean expression values. The variance analysis was used to identify differences between the cell lines and the differentiation state of each cell line (differentiated or non-differentiated). The expression values of all four cell lines were compared pair wise, independent of differentiation and genes that were 4-fold over-expressed in the H1 cell line as compared to the 2D6 cell line, in the BB10 cell line as compared to the 2D6 cell line, and in SiMa parental cell line (PA) compared to the 2D6 cell line. The variance analysis treats all factors in the study as random effects, to find out what their contribution is to the proportion of variance explained (total variance=100%). About half of the variance, 46.9% was assigned to differences among the different cell types, while 26% was assigned to differences before and after differentiation. Only 4.6% of the variance was assigned to differences among differentiated or non-differentiated cells types, meaning that the genes that were differentially expressed after differentiation were similar for all cell types examined, suggesting that the difference in BoNT/A sensitivity among the cell lines is independent of differentiation state. As such, the focus was placed on genes that are different among the different cells types irrespective of differentiation.

Based on the results from the variance analysis, the expression values of all cell lines were compared pair wise, independent of differentiation (FIG. 2). Only gene probes that were 4-fold over-expressed in the H1 cell line as compared to the 2D6 cell line, and in the BB10 cell line as compared to the 2D6 cell line are shown. The gene probes were plotted as expression value (Log₈) on the x-axis and p-value (−log₁₀(p-value)) on the y-axis. The red dashed line marks the 95% confidence interval. The genes probes that were 4-fold over-expressed in the H1 cell line as compared to the 2D6 cell line (FIG. 2A), and the BB10 cell line as compared to the 2D6 cell line (FIG. 2B), were also to a large extend among the genes that were over-expressed in the BB10 cell line as compared to the SiMa parental cell line (PA, FIG. 2C), in the H1 cell line as compared to the SiMa parental cell line (FIG. 2D), and in the SiMa parental cell line as compared to the 2D6 cell line (FIG. 2E). These data suggest that BoNT/A sensitivity was related to a gradual increase in expression of these genes. Based on this finding, the number of gene probes was further narrowed down to 119 by including only gene probes that were also over-expressed in the SiMa parental cell line compared to the 2D6 cell line, rationalizing that gene probes that were differential expressed across one more cell line would be even more likely to be important for BoNT/A sensitivity. As such, the JMP Genomic analysis resulted in the identification of 119 gene probes, designated the JMP probe set.

The JMP probe set was exported to Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) Core Analysis (Ingenuity Systems Inc., Redwood City, Calif.) to further characterize the JMP probe set. Using this analysis, biologically relevant networks to BoNT/A intoxication were identified based on connectivity among the genes from an IPA library and the gene probes contained in the JMP probe set. The significance of the association to a given network was measured and ranked by the ratio of the number of gene probes from the JMP probe set that mapped to the specific network divided by the total number of genes that map to that network. Fisher's exact test was used to calculate p-scores, and based on the p-scores the genes from the JMP probe set were used to rank the networks. The p-scores were derived from p-values. If there are n genes in the network and f of them are gene probes from the JMP probe set, then the p-value is the probability of finding f or more gene probes from the JMP probe set in a set of n genes randomly selected from the Global Molecular Network. Since significant p-values are quite low (e.g., 1×10⁻⁸), a p-score was defined as the component of the p-value; p-score=−log 10 (p-value). The identified networks were overlaid with differentially expressed genes which had more than 1.5-fold differential expression and a p-value ≦0.001 either before or after differentiation. Using IPA Core Analysis, 111 of the 119 gene probes from the JMP probe set were mapped to networks. The eight unmapped probes most likely represent either a probe with an outdated nomenclature or one representing a gene without a known gene product. The 111 gene probes corresponded to 79 genes that were greater than 4.0-fold differentially expressed in the H1 and BB10 cell lines when compared to the 2D6 cell line and that were also greater than 4.0-fold differentially expressed in the SiMa parental cell lines when compared to the 2D6 cell line, when the p-value cut off was set to 0.05 (Table 14).

TABLE 14

Genes Identified using IPA Core Analysis

Gene

Log

Gene Name
Symbol
Probe ID. No.
Location
Type
Ratio

Achaete-scute complex homolog 1
ASCL1
209985_s_at
Nucleus
Transcription
4.469

regulator

Achaete-scute complex homolog 1
ASCL1
209988_s_at
Nucleus
Transcription
2.774

regulator

Achaete-scute complex homolog 1
ASCL1
213768_s_at
Nucleus
Transcription
2.955

regulator

Acyl-CoA thioesterase 9
ACOT9
221641_s_at
Cytoplasm
Enzyme
2.251

ADAM metallopeptidase with
ADAMTS9
226814_at
Extracellular
Peptidase
4.034

thrombospondin type 1 motif, 9

Space

Ankyrin 2, neuronal
ANK2
216195_at
Plasma
Other
−2.673

Membrane

Ankyrin 2, neuronal
ANK2
232606_at
Plasma
Other
−2.621

Membrane

Blood vessel epicardial
BVES
228783_at
Plasma
Other
3.174

substance

Membrane

Brain abundant, membrane
BASP1
202391_at
Plasma
Other
4.549

attached signal protein 1

Membrane

BRCA1 associated RING domain 1
BARD1
205345_at
Nucleus
Transcription
3.44

regulator

Calsyntenin 2
CLSTN2
219414_at
Plasma
Transporter
2.024

Membrane

cAMP responsive element
CREB5
232555_at
Nucleus
Transcription
−2.67

binding protein 5

Cathepsin L2
CTSL2
210074_at
Cytoplasm
Peptidase
2.119

CD9 molecule
CD9
201005_at
Plasma
Other
2.887

Membrane

Cell division cycle associated 7-
CDCA7L
225081_s_at
Nucleus
Other
3.737

like

Centromere protein L
CENPL
1554271_a_at
Unknown
Other
2.582

Chromosome 11 open reading
C11ORF75
219806_s_at
Unknown
Other
3.914

frame 75

Chromosome 3 open reading
C3ORF70
242447_at
Unknown
Other
2.705

frame 70

Coiled-coil domain containing
CCDC109B
218802_at
Unknown
Other
2.881

109B

Contactin 1
CNTN1
211203_s_at
Plasma
Enzyme
3.684

Membrane

Contactin 1
CNTN1
227202_at
Plasma
Enzyme
3.184

Membrane

Contactin 1
CNTN1
227209_at
Plasma
Enzyme
3.188

Membrane

Copine VIII
CPNE8
228365_at
Unknown
Other
−3.355

Copine VIII
CPNE8
241706_at
Unknown
Other
−2.736

CUG triplet repeat, RNA binding
CUGBP2
202157_s_at
Nucleus
Other
3.588

protein 2

Cyclin-dependent kinase 2
CDK2
204252_at
Nucleus
Kinase
2.744

Cysteine and glycine-rich protein 2
CSRP2
207030_s_at
Nucleus
Other
2.487

Cysteine and glycine-rich protein 2
CSRP2
211126_s_at
Nucleus
Other
2.109

DEP domain containing 1
DEPDC1
220295_x_at
Unknown
Other
2.795

Diaphanous homolog 3
DIAPH3
232596_at
Cytoplasm
Enzyme
2.434

Dihydropyrimidine
DPYD
204646_at
Cytoplasm
Enzyme
4.248

dehydrogenase

Docking protein 5
DOK5
214844_s_at
Plasma
Other
4.56

Membrane

Dynein, light chain, Tctex-type 3
DYNLT3
203303_at
Cytoplasm
Other
3.449

Elastin microfibril interfacer 2
EMILIN2
224374_s_at
Extracellular
Other
2.603

Space

Ets variant 1
ETV1
206501_x_at
Nucleus
Transcription
2.578

regulator

Ets variant 1
ETV1
217053_x_at
Nucleus
Transcription
2.499

regulator

Ets variant 1
ETV1
217061_s_at
Nucleus
Transcription
2.557

regulator

Family with sequence similarity
FAM101B
226876_at
Unknown
Other
2.399

101, member B

Fibroblast growth factor receptor 2
FGFR2
203638_s_at
Plasma
Kinase
2.306

Membrane

Fibroblast growth factor receptor 2
FGFR2
203639_s_at
Plasma
Kinase
3.239

Membrane

Fibroblast growth factor receptor 2
FGFR2
208228_s_at
Plasma
Kinase
2.151

Membrane

Fibronectin type III domain
FNDC5
226096_at
Unknown
Other
2.054

containing 5

Fibulin 1
FBLN1
201787_at
Extracellular
Other
2.801

Space

Fibulin 1
FBLN1
202994_s_at
Extracellular
Other
2.378

Space

Fibulin 1
FBLN1
202995_s_at
Extracellular
Other
3.733

Space

G protein-coupled receptor 177
GPR177
221958_s_at
Unknown
Other
2.389

G protein-coupled receptor 177
GPR177
228950_s_at
Unknown
Other
2.622

G-2 and S-phase expressed 1
GTSE1
204317_at
Cytoplasm
Other
3.334

Gametocyte specific factor 1
GTSF1
227711_at
Unknown
Other
6.407

Guanine nucleotide binding
GNAI1
227692_at
Plasma
Enzyme
3.123

protein (G protein), alpha

Membrane

inhibiting activity polypeptide 1

Guanine nucleotide binding
GNB4
225710_at
Plasma
Enzyme
6.066

protein (G protein), beta

Membrane

polypeptide 4

Guanine nucleotide binding
GNG11
204115_at
Plasma
Enzyme
4.251

protein (G protein), gamma 11

Membrane

Guanine nucleotide binding
GNG12
212294_at
Plasma
Enzyme
2.315

protein (G protein), gamma 12

Membrane

Guanine nucleotide binding
GNG12
222834_s_at
Plasma
Enzyme
3.403

protein (G protein), gamma 12

Membrane

Hepatocyte growth factor
HGF
209960_at
Extracellular
Growth
2.939

(hepapoietin A)

Space
factor

Hypothetical protein
LOC100289109
216189_at
Unknown
Other
−3.256

LOC100289109

Hypothetical protein LOC144571
LOC144571
1564139_at
Unknown
Other
−2.394

Inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate
ITPRIP
225582_at
Unknown
Other
3.522

receptor interacting protein

Interleukin 17B
IL17B
220273_at
Extracellular
Cytokine
−4.735

Space

KDEL (Lys-Asp-Glu-Leu)
KDELC2
225128_at
Unknown
Other
3.003

containing 2

KIAA0125
KIAA0125
206478_at
Unknown
Other
−8.436

KIT ligand
KITLG
226534_at
Extracellular
Growth
2.59

Space
factor

LY6/PLAUR domain containing 6
LYPD6
227764_at
Extracellular
Other
2.64

Space

Lysophosphatidic acid receptor 1
LPAR1
204036_at
Plasma
Receptor
3.151

Membrane

MAB-21-like 2
MAB21L2
210303_at
Unknown
Other
3.817

Minichromosome maintenance
MCM10
223570_at
Nucleus
Other
2.249

complex component 10

Moesin
MSN
200600_at
Plasma
Other
5.842

Membrane

Monoamine oxidase A
MAOA
204388_s_at
Cytoplasm
Enzyme
4.029

Monoamine oxidase A
MAOA
204389_at
Cytoplasm
Enzyme
3.355

Monoamine oxidase A
MAOA
212741_at
Cytoplasm
Enzyme
4.157

MYC induced nuclear antigen
MINA
213188_s_at
Nucleus
Other
4.019

MYC induced nuclear antigen
MINA
213189_at
Nucleus
Other
4.636

Myosin VI
MYO6
203216_s_at
Cytoplasm
Other
2.406

Myosin VIIA and Rab interacting
MYRIP
214156_at
Cytoplasm
Other
2.805

protein

Neuronal PAS domain protein 4
NPAS4
1554299_at
Nucleus
Transcription
−2.515

regulator

Paternally expressed 3
PEG3
209242_at
Nucleus
Kinase
5.896

Paternally expressed 3
PEG3
209243_s_at
Nucleus
Kinase
4.556

Phosphoprotein associated with
PAG1
225626_at
Plasma
Other
2.193

glycosphingolipid microdomains 1

Membrane

Poliovirus receptor-related 3
PVRL3
213325_at
Plasma
Other
2.325

Membrane

Polo-like kinase 2
PLK2
201939_at
Nucleus
Kinase
4.93

Polymerase (DNA directed),
POLA2
204441_s_at
Nucleus
Enzyme
2.198

alpha 2 (70 kD subunit)

Prolactin releasing hormone
PRLHR
231805_at
Plasma
Receptor
3.19

receptor

Membrane

Prostaglandin reductase 1
PTGR1
228824_s_at
Cytoplasm
Enzyme
2.398

Prostaglandin reductase 1
PTGR1
231897_at
Cytoplasm
Enzyme
2.33

Protease, serine, 12
PRSS12
205515_at
Extracellular
Peptidase
5.146

(neurotrypsin, motopsin)

Space

Protein phosphatase 1, regulatory
PPP1R3C
204284_at
Cytoplasm
Phosphatase
2.827

(inhibitor) subunit 3C

Protein tyrosine phosphatase,
PTPRK
203038_at
Plasma
Phosphatase
3.451

receptor type, K

Membrane

RAB32, member RAS oncogene
RAB32
204214_s_at
Cytoplasm
Other
2.192

family

RELT-like 1
RELL1
226430_at
Unknown
Other
2.88

Rho GTPase activating protein 24
ARHGAP24
223422_s_at
Cytoplasm
Other
3.043

Rho guanine nucleotide
ARHGEF3
218501_at
Cytoplasm
Other
2.473

exchange factor (GEF) 3

Ring finger protein 182
RNF182
230720_at
Unknown
Other
4.746

RNA binding protein with multiple
RBPMS
209487_at
Unknown
Other
2.329

splicing

RNA binding protein with multiple
RBPMS
209488_s_at
Unknown
Other
3.292

splicing

Secreted protein, acidic, cysteine-
SPARC
200665_s_at
Extracellular
Other
4.919

rich (osteonectin)

Space

Secreted protein, acidic, cysteine-
SPARC
212667_at
Extracellular
Other
4.58

rich (osteonectin)

Space

Shugoshin-like 2
SGOL2
230165_at
Nucleus
Other
3.108

Similar to hCG2031213
LOC728052
1558795_at
Unknown
Other
3.402

Solute carrier family 1 (glial high
SLC1A2
225491_at
Plasma
Transporter
−4.354

affinity glutamate transporter),

Membrane

member 2

Solute carrier family 43, member 3
SLC43A3
210692_s_at
Extracellular
Other
3.126

Space

Solute carrier family 43, member 3
SLC43A3
213113_s_at
Extracellular
Other
2.804

Space

Solute carrier family 44, member 5
SLC44A5
1569112_at
Unknown
Other
3.923

Solute carrier family 44, member 5
SLC44A5
235763_at
Unknown
Other
4.439

Solute carrier family 7 (cationic
SLC7A2
225516_at
Plasma
Transporter
3.23

amino acid transporter, y+

Membrane

system), member 2

Sortilin-related VPS10 domain
SORCS1
1556891_at
Plasma
Transporter
−2.424

containing receptor 1

Membrane

SPC25, NDC80 kinetochore
SPC25
209891_at
Unknown
Other
2.634

complex component, homolog

ST8 alpha-N-acetyl-neuraminide
ST8SIA4
230836_at
Cytoplasm
Enzyme
2.705

alpha-2,8-sialyltransferase 4

Structural maintenance of
SMC2
204240_s_at
Nucleus
Transporter
2.442

chromosomes 2

Structural maintenance of
SMC6
218781_at
Nucleus
Other
3.327

chromosomes 6

Structural maintenance of
SMC6
236535_at
Nucleus
Other
3.44

chromosomes 6

Syndecan 2
SDC2
212154_at
Plasma
Other
2.367

Membrane

Syndecan 2
SDC2
212158_at
Plasma
Other
2.098

Membrane

Thrombospondin 2
THBS2
203083_at
Extracellular
Other
−2.81

Space

Thyroid hormone receptor
TRIP10
202734_at
Cytoplasm
Other
2.663

interactor 10

Tissue factor pathway inhibitor 2
TFPI2
209278_s_at
Extracellular
Other
4.666

Space

Transcription factor 7-like 1 (T-
TCF7L1
221016_s_at
Nucleus
Transcription
2.835

cell specific, HMG-box)

regulator

Transmembrane phosphatase
TPTE
220205_at
Plasma
Phosphatase
6.04

with tensin homology

Membrane

Transmembrane protein 178
TMEM178
229302_at
Unknown
Other
3.194

Transmembrane protein 35
TMEM35
219685_at
Unknown
Other
2.879

Tumor necrosis factor, alpha-
TNFAIP8
210260_s_at
Cytoplasm
Other
2.389

induced protein 8

Twist homolog 1
TWIST1
213943_at
Nucleus
Transcription
2.573

regulator

Zinc finger protein 521
ZNF521
226676_at
Nucleus
Other
2.382

Zinc finger protein 521
ZNF521
226677_at
Nucleus
Other
2.943

Zinc finger protein 814
ZNF814
1556204_a_at
Unknown
Other
−2.505

The log ratio represent log₂values where 0.585 is log₂(1.5) which is a 1.5-fold difference, 1 is log₂(2) which is a 2-fold difference, 1.584 is log₂(3) which is a 3-fold difference, 2 is log₂(4) which is a 4-fold difference, 2.321 is log₂(5) which is a 5-fold difference, 2.584 is log₂(6) which is a 6-fold difference, 2.807 is log₂(7) which is a 7-fold difference, 3 is log₂(8) which is a 8-fold difference, 3.169 is log₂(9) which is a 9-fold difference, and 3.321 is log₂(10) which is a 10-fold difference.

Using IPA Core Analysis, 73 of the 79 genes were mapped to 5 different protein networks (Table 15). Based on overlapping gene mapping, 73 of the 79 genes that were up-regulated could be associated with two major protein network groups, named A and B (Table 15). Networks 1, 2 and 5 belong to Group A, and Networks 3 and 4 belong to Group B. Similarly, all down-regulated genes were all associated with one network, named C (Table 15).

Group A genes include the FGFR2 receptor which has been shown to function in the BoNT/A intoxication process as a receptor for BoNT/A and are as follows: genes exhibiting a 1.5-fold or more increase in expression levels in the H1 and BB10 cell lines as compared to their expression in cells from the 2D6 cell line, ADAMTS9, ARHGAP24, ARHGEF3, ASCL1, BARD1, CD9, CDK2, CSRP2, CTSL2, DIAPH3, DOK5, DYNLT3, EMILIN2, ETV1, FBLN1, FGFR2, GNAI1, GNB4, GNG11, GNG12, HGF, KITLG, LPAR1, MCM10, MSN, PAG1, PEG3, PLK2, POLA2, PPP1R3C, PTPRK, RAB32, SDC2, SLC43A3, SLC7A2, SMC6, SPARC, SPC25, ST8SIA4, TCF7L1, TFPI2, TMEM35, TNFAIP8, TPTE, TRIP10, and TWIST1.

Group B genes are as follows: genes exhibiting a 1.5-fold or more increase in expression levels in the H1 and BB10 cell lines as compared to their expression in cells from the 2D6 cell line, ACOT9, BASP1, C11ORF75, CCDC109B, CDCA7L, CLSTN2, CNTN1, CUGBP2, DEPDC1, DPYD, FAM101B, FNDC5, GTSE1, MAOA, MINA, MYO6, MYRIP, PLK2, PRLHR, PVRL3, RBPMS, SGOL2, SMC2, TFP12, TMEM178, and ZNF521.

Group C genes are as follows: genes exhibiting a 1.5-fold or more decrease in expression levels in the H1 and BB10 cell lines as compared to their expression in cells from the 2D6 cell line, ANK2, CPNE8, CREB5, IL17B, KIAA0125, LOC100289109, LOC144571, NPAS4, SLC1A2, SORCS1, THBS2, and/or ZNF814.

The remaining networks identified did not share common genes between any other network. Individually, however, genes exhibiting a 1.5-fold or more increase in expression levels in the H1 and BB10 cell lines as compared to their expression in cells from the 2D6 cell line were as follows: C3ORF70 (Network 6), MAB21L2 (Network 7), PRSS12 (Network 8), CENPL (Network 9), GPR177 (Network 10), and PTGR1 (Network 11).

TABLE 15

IPA Core Analysis of Genes

JMP

Gene
Expression Profile

Network
Group
Proteins in Network
pvalue
Number
Increased
Decreased

1
A
ADAMTS9, AKT, ASCL1, CDK2,
48
22
ADAMTS9,
—

CSRP2, CTSL2, DOK5, E2F,

ASCL1, CDK2,

FBLN1, FSH, GNAI1, GNG11,

CSRP2, CTSL2,

hCG, HGF, KITLG, LPAR1,

DOK5, FBLN1,

MAPK, MCM10, MEK, MSN,

GNAI1, GNG11,

NFκB, P38, MAPK, PAG1, PDGF

HGF, KITLG,

BB, PEG3, PLK2, RAC, RAS,

LPAR1,

SDC2, SPARC, TFPI2, TGFβ,

MCM10, MSN,

TNFAIP8, TRIP10, VEGF

PAG1, PEG3,

PLK2, SDC2,

SPARC, TFPI2,

TNFAIP8,

TRIP10

2
A
CASP3, Caspase 3/7, CCL6,
35
17
DIAPH3,
—

DIAPH3, DYNLT3, EMILIN2,

DYNLT3,

EPM2A, ETV1, EYA2, FAM3B,

EMILIN2, ETV1,

FASTK, GNAI1, GNB4, GNG10,

GNAI1, GNB4,

GNG11, GNG12, GSTM2, HK1,

GNG11,

IGFBP3, IL13, PLCE1, POLA2,

GNG12,

PPP1R3C, PTPRK, PTPRZ1,

POLA2,

RAB32, SLC43A3, SLC7A2,

PPP1R3C,

SRC, ST8SIA4, TNF, TPTE,

PTPRK, RAB32,

TWIST1

SLC43A3,

SLC7A2,

ST8SIA4, TPTE,

TWIST1

3
B
ACOT9, AR, ATXN7, BASP1,
26
14
ACOT9, BASP1,
—

CCNE2, CCNK, CLSTN2,

CLSTN2,

CNTN1, CUGBP2, DGKA,

CNTN1,

FNDC5, GTSE1, IL4, MAOA,

CUGBP2,

MSH2, NOVA1, NF1, PICK1,

FNDC5,

PLK2, PNRC1, POM121,

GTSE1, MAOA,

PRLHR, PTP4A1, PTP4A2,

PLK2, PRLHR,

PVRL1, PVRL3, PVRL4,

PVRL3,

RBPMS, SERPINB5, SMARCA4,

RBPMS, TFP12,

SPN, TFP12, TP53, ZNF521

ZNF521

4
B
ARHGAP17, AXL, C11ORF75,
24
13
C11ORF75,
—

CAPN6, CCDC109B, CDCA7L,

CCDC109B,

DEPDC1, DPYD, EIF4E,

CDCA7L,

FAM101B, GRB2, HNRNPF,

DEPDC1,

HTATIP2, MAOA, MINA,

DPYD,

MIR124, MIRLET7A1, MYC,

FAM101B,

MYO6, MYRIP, NCAPD3, NF2,

MAOA, MINA,

PPP2R5A, PPP2R5D,

MYO6, MYRIP,

PPP2R5E, RPS16, RPS23,

SGOL2, SMC2,

SGOL2, SLC25A12, SMC2,

TMEM178

SMC4, TMEM178, TUSC2,

TXNIP, ZBTB16

5
A
ARHGAP24, ARHGEF,
17
10
ARHGAP24,
—

ARHGEF3, BARD1, CD9, CD53,

ARHGEF3,

CTNNB1, DUSP3, ERK, ERM,

BARD1, CD9,

FGF9, FGF18, FGF21, FGF23,

FGFR2, LPAR1,

FGFR2, IL1, IL6, IL17RD,

SMC6, SPC25,

Integrinα6β1, KLB, LEF/TCF,

TCF7L1,

LPAR1, MIRN297-2, PI3K, RAS

TMEM35

homolog, RNAPOLII, SLC26A2,

SMC6, SPC25, SREBF1,

TACC1, TCF7L1, TMEM35,

TPT1, WISP1

6
—
C3ORF70, MIR31
2
1
C3ORF70
—

7
—
MAB21L2, MIRN294
2
1
MAB21L2
—

8
—
AGPN, PRSS12
2
1
PRSS12
—

9
—
CENPL, MIRN340
2
1
CENPL
—

10
—
GPR177, MIRN324
2
1
GPR177
—

11
—
ADH, PTGR1
2
1
PTGR1
—

12
C
ANK2, ATP2A2, BDNF, CEBPG,
22
8
—
ANK2, CPNE8,

CPNE8, CREB5, GRM3, GRM5,

CREB5, IL17B,

IGFBP2, IL17B, ITPR, ITPR1,

KIAA0125,

K+, L1CAM, MIRN330,

LOC100289109,

Neurotrophin, NFE2L1, NGFR,

LOC144571,

NME1, NPAS4, Pro-inflammatory

NPAS4,

Cytokine, PSEN1, SCN2A,

SLC1A2,

SCN3A, SCNN1B, SLC1A2,

SORCS1,

SLC8A1, SORCS1, SORT1,

THBS2, ZNF814

TGFA, THBS2, TNF, TNFAIP6

Computer analysis was performed as in Example V, except that the list of probes reflects genes that were greater than 1.5-fold differential expressed in the H1 and the BB10 cell lines when compared to both the 2D6 and SiMa parental cell lines. When the p-value cut off was set to 0.05, this analysis identified 439 gene probes that could be classified to 369 genes (Table 16).

TABLE 16

Genes Identified using IPA Core Analysis

Gene

Log

Gene Name
Symbol
Probe ID. No.
Location
Type
Ratio

6-phosphofructo-2-
PFKFB3
202464_s_at
Cytoplasm
kinase
1.811

kinase/fructose-2,6-

biphosphatase 3

achaete-scute complex homolog 1
ASCL1
209985_s_at
Nucleus
transcription
2.429

regulator

achaete-scute complex homolog 1
ASCL1
209987_s_at
Nucleus
transcription
2.097

regulator

achaete-scute complex homolog 1
ASCL1
209988_s_at
Nucleus
transcription
1.446

regulator

achaete-scute complex homolog 1
ASCL1
213768_s_at
Nucleus
transcription
1.578

regulator

activated leukocyte cell adhesion
ALCAM
1569362_at
Plasma
other
2.612

molecule

Membrane

activated leukocyte cell adhesion
ALCAM
201951_at
Plasma
other
1.774

molecule

Membrane

activated leukocyte cell adhesion
ALCAM
201952_at
Plasma
other
1.521

molecule

Membrane

acyl-CoA thioesterase 1
ACOT1
202982_s_at
Cytoplasm
enzyme
−2.875

acylphosphatase 2, muscle type
ACYP2
206833_s_at
unknown
enzyme
−1.15

additional sex combs like 3
ASXL3
233536_at
unknown
other
1.572

adenosine deaminase, RNA-
ADARB1
203865_s_at
Nucleus
enzyme
−2.474

specific, B1

adenylate cyclase 1
ADCY1
213245_at
Plasma
enzyme
−1.935

Membrane

adipocyte-specific adhesion
ASAM
228082_at
Plasma
other
−2.802

molecule

Membrane

ADP-ribosylation factor 1
ARF1
1565651_at
Cytoplasm
enzyme
1.063

ADP-ribosylation factor-like 17A
ARL17A
243899_at
unknown
other
0.741

anaphase promoting complex
ANAPC7
225554_s_at
unknown
other
0.679

subunit 7

ankyrin repeat and BTB (POZ)
ABTB1
229164_s_at
Cytoplasm
translation
−0.656

domain containing 1

regulator

ankyrin repeat domain 50
ANKRD50
225731_at
unknown
other
−0.654

ankyrin repeat domain 50
ANKRD50
225735_at
unknown
other
−1.114

aspartate beta-hydroxylase
ASPHD1
214993_at
unknown
other
−0.763

domain containing 1

ataxin 2-binding protein 1
A2BP1
1553422_s_at
Cytoplasm
other
1.453

ataxin 2-binding protein 1
A2BP1
221217_s_at
Cytoplasm
other
1.497

ATPase, Ca++ transporting,
ATP2B3
207026_s_at
Plasma
transporter
−1 .248

plasma membrane 3

Membrane

ATPase, Ca++ transporting,
ATP2B3
242036_x_at
Plasma
transporter
−1.777

plasma membrane 3

Membrane

basonuclin 2
BNC2
220272_at
Nucleus
other
2.466

basonuclin 2
BNC2
230722_at
Nucleus
other
1.641

βγcrystallin domain containing 3
CRYBG3
214030_at
unknown
other
4.74

β-site APP-cleaving enzyme 1
BACE1
217904_s_at
Cytoplasm
peptidase
−1.57

brain abundant, membrane
BASP1
202391_at
Plasma
other
1.146

attached signal protein 1

Membrane

bromodomain and WD repeat
BRWD1
225446_at
Nucleus
transcription
−1.018

domain containing 1

regulator

bruno-like 4, RNA binding
BRUNOL4
238966_at
Nucleus
translation
−0.81

protein

regulator

butyrophilin, subfamily 3,
BTN3A3
38241_at
unknown
other
−1.108

member A3

C2 calcium-dependent domain
C2CD2
212875_s_at
unknown
other
−1.27

containing 2

C2 calcium-dependent domain
C2CD4A
241031_at
unknown
other
−2.615

containing 4A

cadherin 12, type 2 (N-cadherin 2)
CDH12
207149_at
Plasma
other
−1 .408

Membrane

calcium/calmodulin-dependent
CAMK2N2
230706_s_at
Nucleus
other
−0.692

protein kinase II inhibitor 2

calmin (calponin-like,
CLMN
213839_at
Cytoplasm
other
−1.911

transmembrane)

calpain 2, (m/II) large subunit
CAPN2
208683_at
Cytoplasm
peptidase
−1 .429

CAP, adenylate cyclase-
CAP2
212551_at
Plasma
other
−1.974

associated protein, 2

Membrane

CAP, adenylate cyclase-
CAP2
212554_at
Plasma
other
−3.68

associated protein, 2

Membrane

carboxypeptidase, vitellogenic-
CPVL
208146_s_at
unknown
peptidase
1.708

like

CART prepropeptide
CARTPT
206339_at
Extracellular
other
−4.676

Space

Cas-Br-M (murine) ecotropic
CBLB
209682_at
Nucleus
other
1.032

retroviral transforming sequence b

CCR4-NOT transcription
CNOT6L
227119_at
Cytoplasm
other
−0.785

complex, subunit 6-like

CD302 molecule
CD302
203799_at
Plasma
receptor
−1.518

Membrane

CD9 molecule
CD9
201005_at
Plasma
other
1.415

Membrane

CDP-diacylglycerol synthase
CDS1
226185_at
Cytoplasm
enzyme
−1.74

(phosphatidate

cytidylyltransferase) 1

cell division cycle 25 homolog B
CDC25B
201853_s_at
Nucleus
phosphatase
1.453

(S. pombe)

chemokine (C-X-C motif)
CXCR4
209201_x_at
Plasma
receptor
4.135

receptor 4

Membrane

chemokine (C-X-C motif)
CXCR4
211919_s_at
Plasma
receptor
3.957

receptor 4

Membrane

chemokine (C-X-C motif)
CXCR4
217028_at
Plasma
receptor
3.176

receptor 4

Membrane

chloride channel 3
CLCN3
201733_at
Plasma
ion channel
−0.908

Membrane

chloride channel 3
CLCN3
201734_at
Plasma
ion channel
−0.987

Membrane

cholinergic receptor, nicotinic,
CHRNA7
210123_s_at
Plasma
receptor
3.098

alpha 7

Membrane

chromosome 1 open reading
C1ORF21
221272_s_at
unknown
other
−0.74

frame 21

chromosome 1 open reading
C1ORF21
223127_s_at
unknown
other
−0.748

frame 21

chromosome 1 open reading
C1ORF43
1555225_at
unknown
other
1.604

frame 43

chromosome 10 open reading
C10ORF58
224435_at
Extracellular
other
0.918

frame 58

Space

chromosome 12 open reading
C12ORF49
218867_s_at
unknown
other
0.692

frame 49

chromosome 16 open reading
C16ORF52
230721_at
unknown
other
−0.87

frame 52

chromosome 20 open reading
C20ORF7
227160_s_at
unknown
other
0.624

frame 7

chromosome 21 open reading
C21ORF57
227421_at
unknown
other
−1.086

frame 57

chromosome 21 open reading
C21ORF57
239208_s_at
unknown
other
−0.657

frame 57

chromosome 3 open reading
C3ORF23
1555905_a_at
Cytoplasm
other
−2.797

frame 23

chromosome 3 open reading
C3ORF23
1555906_s_at
Cytoplasm
other
−1.502

frame 23

chromosome 3 open reading
C3ORF23
241666_at
Cytoplasm
other
−1.017

frame 23

chromosome 9 open reading
C9ORF150
227443_at
unknown
other
−1.773

frame 150

claudin 12
CLDN12
223249_at
Plasma
other
−0.766

Membrane

COBW domain containing 1
CBWD1
226193_x_at
unknown
other
0.849

coiled-coil domain containing 3
CCDC3
223316_at
Cytoplasm
other
3.357

collagen, type VI, alpha 1
COL6A1
213428_s_at
Extracellular
other
−1.638

Space

cripto, FRL-1, cryptic family 1
CFC1
223753_s_at
Extracellular
other
−2.834

Space

cripto, FRL-1, cryptic family 1
CFC1
236724_at
Extracellular
other
−1.636

Space

CSE1 chromosome segregation
CSE1L
210765_at
Nucleus
transporter
1.581

1-like

CUG triplet repeat, RNA binding
CUGBP2
202156_s_at
Nucleus
other
1.318

protein 2

CUG triplet repeat, RNA binding
CUGBP2
202157_s_at
Nucleus
other
2.156

protein 2

CUG triplet repeat, RNA binding
CUGBP2
202158_s_at
Nucleus
other
2.539

protein 2

cyclic nucleotide gated channel
CNGA3
207261_at
Plasma
ion channel
−3.182

alpha 3

Membrane

cyclin M1
CNNM1
220166_at
Plasma
other
−1.214

Membrane

cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor
CDKN2A
209644_x_at
Nucleus
transcription
−1.277

2A (melanoma, p16, inhibits

regulator

CDK4)

cylindromatosis (turban tumor
CYLD
213295_at
Nucleus
transcription
−0.815

syndrome)

regulator

cytochrome P450, family 2,
CYP2E1
1431_at
Cytoplasm
enzyme
−4.466

subfamily E, polypeptide 1

cytochrome P450, family 2,
CYP2E1
209975_at
Cytoplasm
enzyme
−3.946

subfamily E, polypeptide 1

cytochrome P450, family 2,
CYP2E1
209976_s_at
Cytoplasm
enzyme
−3.429

subfamily E, polypeptide 1

cytoglobin
CYGB
1553572_a_at
Cytoplasm
transporter
−4.921

cytokine-like 1
CYTL1
219837_s_at
Extracellular
cytokine
−6.33

Space

dapper, antagonist of beta-
DACT1
219179_at
Cytoplasm
other
1.682

catenin, homolog 1

dCMP deaminase
DCTD
201572_x_at
unknown
enzyme
−0.649

DEAH (Asp-Glu-Ala-His) box
DHX35
218579_s_at
unknown
enzyme
0.735

polypeptide 35

deleted in azoospermia 1
DAZ1
207909_x_at
Nucleus
translation
6.92

regulator

deleted in azoospermia 1
DAZ1
207912_s_at
Nucleus
translation
5.558

regulator

deleted in azoospermia 1
DAZ1
208281_x_at
Nucleus
translation
5.258

regulator

deleted in azoospermia 1
DAZ1
208282_x_at
Nucleus
translation
7.008

regulator

deleted in azoospermia 1
DAZ1
216351_x_at
Nucleus
translation
3.596

regulator

deleted in azoospermia 1
DAZ1
216922_x_at
Nucleus
translation
5.185

regulator

deleted in lymphocytic leukemia
DLEU2
216870_x_at
unknown
other
1.233

2 (non-protein coding)

delta-like 3 (Drosophila)
DLL3
219537_x_at
Extracellular
other
0.779

Space

DNA segment on chromosome 4
D4S234E
209569_x_at
Cytoplasm
other
−1.247

(unique) 234 expressed

sequence

DNA segment on chromosome 4
D4S234E
209570_s_at
Cytoplasm
other
−1 .488

(unique) 234 expressed

sequence

DNA segment on chromosome 4
D4S234E
213533_at
Cytoplasm
other
−1.507

(unique) 234 expressed

sequence

dopamine beta-hydroxylase
DBH
206450_at
Cytoplasm
enzyme
1.311

(dopamine beta-

monooxygenase)

doublecortin-like kinase 1
DCLK1
215303_at
Cytoplasm
kinase
−1.62

dual specificity phosphatase 16
DUSP16
224832_at
Nucleus
phosphatase
−0.918

echinoderm microtubule
EML1
204797_s_at
Cytoplasm
other
2.668

associated protein like 1

ectodermal-neural cortex (with
ENC1
201340_s_at
Nucleus
peptidase
2.445

BTB-like domain)

ectodermal-neural cortex (with
ENC1
201341_at
Nucleus
peptidase
1.91

BTB-like domain)

electron-transferring-flavoprotein
ETFDH
33494_at
Cytoplasm
enzyme
−0.807

dehydrogenase

ELL associated factor 2
EAF2
219551_at
Nucleus
transcription
0.693

regulator

ELOVL family member 7,
ELOVL7
227180_at
unknown
other
2.644

elongation of long chain fatty

acids

endoplasmic reticulum
ERAP1
214012_at
Extracellular
peptidase
−1.885

aminopeptidase 1

Space

enhancer of zeste homolog 2
EZH2
203358_s_at
Nucleus
transcription
0.94

regulator

ephrin-A5
EFNA5
214036_at
Plasma
kinase
2.041

Membrane

ephrin-A5
EFNA5
227955_s_at
Plasma
kinase
1.84

Membrane

ephrin-A5
EFNA5
233814_at
Plasma
kinase
1.805

Membrane

ephrin-B3
EFNB3
205031_at
Plasma
kinase
−0.816

Membrane

eukaryotic translation initiation
EIF3C
236700_at
Cytoplasm
translation
1.378

factor 3, subunit C

regulator

exophilin 5
EXPH5
214734_at
unknown
other
3.973

exosome component 6
EXOSC6
231916_at
Nucleus
other
1.057

family with sequence similarity
FAM162B
228875_at
unknown
other
−0.743

162, member B

family with sequence similarity
FAM165B
228239_at
Plasma
other
−0.822

165, member B

Membrane

family with sequence similarity
FAM181B
231430_at
unknown
other
0.794

181, member B

family with sequence similarity
FAM19A4
242348_at
Extracellular
other
1.282

19 (chemokine (C-C motif)-like),

Space

member A4

family with sequence similarity
FAM46A
224973_at
unknown
other
−1.509

46, member A

family with sequence similarity 7,
FAM7A3
243356_at
unknown
other
3.495

member A3

far upstream element (FUSE)
FUBP3
239193_at
Nucleus
transcription
1.192

binding protein 3

regulator

F-box and WD repeat domain
FBXW7
229419_at
Nucleus
transcription
−0.921

containing 7

regulator

fibroblast growth factor 13
FGF13
205110_s_at
Extracellular
growth factor
−3.522

Space

follistatin-like 1
FSTL1
208782_at
Extracellular
other
−1.275

Space

forkhead box O6
FOXO6
239657_x_at
Nucleus
other
−1.512

frizzled homolog 5
FZD5
221245_s_at
Plasma
receptor
2.347

Membrane

FYVE, RhoGEF and PH domain
FGD5
226985_at
Cytoplasm
other
−1.952

containing 5

G protein-coupled receptor 123
GPR123
239221_at
Plasma
receptor
−1.302

Membrane

G protein-coupled receptor 125
GPR125
210473_s_at
Plasma
receptor
0.714

Membrane

galanin prepropeptide
GAL
207466_at
Extracellular
other
−1 .434

Space

galanin prepropeptide
GAL
214240_at
Extracellular
other
−3.128

Space

gastrin-releasing peptide
GRP
206326_at
Extracellular
growth factor
4.698

Space

GDNF family receptor alpha 2
GFRA2
205721_at
Plasma
receptor
1.847

Membrane

GDNF family receptor alpha 2
GFRA2
205722_s_at
Plasma
receptor
2.265

Membrane

glutamate receptor, metabotropic 5
GRM5
214217_at
Plasma
receptor
−2.231

Membrane

glutathione peroxidase 7
GPX7
213170_at
Cytoplasm
enzyme
−2.692

glutathione synthetase
GSS
211630_s_at
Cytoplasm
enzyme
0.599

glycosyltransferase 25 domain
GLT25D2
209883_at
unknown
other
−1.223

containing 2

GNAS complex locus
GNAS
214157_at
Plasma
enzyme
−1.794

Membrane

growth associated protein 43
GAP43
204471_at
Plasma
other
0.869

Membrane

growth associated protein 43
GAP43
216963_s_at
Plasma
other
1.151

Membrane

guanine nucleotide binding
GNAI1
209576_at
Plasma
enzyme
2.225

protein (G protein), alpha

Membrane

inhibiting activity polypeptide 1

guanine nucleotide binding
GNAI1
227692_at
Plasma
enzyme
2.111

protein (G protein), alpha

Membrane

inhibiting activity polypeptide 1

guanine nucleotide binding
GNB4
225710_at
Plasma
enzyme
4.695

protein (G protein), beta

Membrane

polypeptide 4

guanine nucleotide binding
GNG11
204115_at
Plasma
enzyme
2.587

protein (G protein), gamma 11

Membrane

guanylate cyclase 1, soluble,
GUCY1A3
221942_s_at
Cytoplasm
enzyme
−1.522

alpha 3

guanylate cyclase 1, soluble,
GUCY1A3
229530_at
Cytoplasm
enzyme
−1.696

alpha 3

helicase, POLQ-like
HELQ
228736_at
Nucleus
enzyme
−1.28

HERPUD family member 2
HERPUD2
236170_x_at
unknown
other
−0.897

heterogeneous nuclear
HNRNPR
208765_s_at
Nucleus
other
−0.64

ribonucleoprotein R

hippocalcin-like 1
HPCAL1
205462_s_at
Cytoplasm
other
−1.551

hippocalcin-like 1
HPCAL1
212552_at
Cytoplasm
other
−1.387

histone cluster 1, H2ac
HIST1H2AC
215071_s_at
Nucleus
other
−2.462

histone cluster 1, H2bd
HIST1H2BD
209911_x_at
Nucleus
other
−2.036

histone cluster 1, H2bk
HIST1H2BK
209806_at
Nucleus
other
−1.575

histone cluster 2, H2be
HIST2H2BE
202708_s_at
Nucleus
other
−1.735

hypothetical LOC100130522
LOC100130522
230477_at
unknown
other
−0.928

hypothetical LOC26082
DKFZP434L187
230861_at
unknown
other
0.968

hypothetical protein
LOC100128844
229110_at
unknown
other
2.106

LOC100128844

hypothetical protein LOC643401
LOC340109
1557765_at
unknown
other
2.848

integrin, alpha 6
ITGA6
201656_at
Plasma
other
2.822

Membrane

integrin, alpha 6
ITGA6
215177_s_at
Plasma
other
2.024

Membrane

integrin, beta 5
ITGB5
201125_s_at
Plasma
other
0.913

Membrane

interleukin 10 receptor, beta
IL10RB
209575_at
Plasma
transmembrane
−1 .444

Membrane
receptor

junction mediating and
JMY
226352_at
Nucleus
transcription
−0.744

regulatory protein, p53 cofactor

regulator

K(lysine) acetyltransferase 2B
KAT2B
203845_at
Nucleus
transcription
−0.731

regulator

KDEL (Lys-Asp-Glu-Leu)
KDELC2
225128_at
unknown
other
1.085

containing 2

kelch domain containing 1
KLHDC1
1552733_at
unknown
other
−0.952

kelch repeat and BTB (POZ)
KBTBD11
204301_at
unknown
other
−0.733

domain containing 11

kelch-like 13 (Drosophila)
KLHL13
227875_at
unknown
other
0.902

KH domain containing, RNA
KHDRBS3
209781_s_at
Nucleus
other
1.082

binding, signal transduction

associated 3

KH homology domain containing 1
KHDC1
230055_at
unknown
other
−1.656

KIAA1598
KIAA1598
221802_s_at
unknown
other
−2.811

kinesin family member 16B
KIF16B
232083_at
Cytoplasm
other
1.688

lectin, galactoside-binding,
LGALS3BP
200923_at
Plasma
transmembrane
−1.417

soluble, 3 binding protein

Membrane
receptor

leukemia inhibitory factor
LIFR
225575_at
Plasma
transmembrane
−0.941

receptor alpha

Membrane
receptor

limb bud and heart development
LBH
221011_s_at
Nucleus
transcription
0.788

homolog (mouse)

regulator

LRP2 binding protein
LRP2BP
207797_s_at
unknown
other
−1.365

lumican
LUM
201744_s_at
Extracellular
other
5.638

Space

LYR motif containing 5
LYRM5
225469_at
unknown
other
−0.93

mab-21-like 1
MAB21L1
206163_at
unknown
other
2.722

mab-21-like 2
MAB21L2
210302_s_at
unknown
other
2.871

mab-21-like 2
MAB21L2
210303_at
unknown
other
2.204

macrophage stimulating 1
MST1
216320_x_at
Extracellular
growth factor
−1.012

(hepatocyte growth factor-like)

Space

major facilitator superfamily
MFSD4
229254_at
unknown
other
−1.752

domain containing 4

mannosidase, alpha, class 2A,
MAN2A1
226538_at
Cytoplasm
enzyme
0.864

member 1

mannosyl (alpha-1,3-)-
MGAT4A
226039_at
unknown
enzyme
−0.904

glycoprotein beta-1,4-N-

acetylglucosaminyltransferase,

isozyme A

mesenchyme homeobox 2
MEOX2
206201_s_at
Nucleus
transcription
−4.213

regulator

microtubule-associated protein 9
MAP9
220145_at
unknown
other
−0.7

microtubule-associated protein 9
MAP9
228423_at
unknown
other
−1.108

microtubule-associated protein 9
MAP9
235550_at
unknown
other
−0.863

mitochondrial ribosomal protein
MRPS33
218654_s_at
Cytoplasm
other
−0.609

S33

mitogen-activated protein kinase
MAP3K5
203836_s_at
Cytoplasm
kinase
−1.159

kinase kinase 5

moesin
MSN
200600_at
Plasma
other
2.082

Membrane

monoamine oxidase A
MAOA
204388_s_at
Cytoplasm
enzyme
2.15

monoamine oxidase A
MAOA
204389_at
Cytoplasm
enzyme
1.88

monoamine oxidase A
MAOA
212741_at
Cytoplasm
enzyme
2.048

monocyte to macrophage
MMD
244523_at
Plasma
other
1.045

differentiation-associated

Membrane

multiple C2 domains,
MCTP1
220122_at
unknown
other
−1.597

transmembrane 1

MYC induced nuclear antigen
MINA
213188_s_at
Nucleus
other
1.391

MYC induced nuclear antigen
MINA
213189_at
Nucleus
other
1.641

myosin IB
MYO1B
212365_at
Cytoplasm
other
0.71

myosin VI
MYO6
203216_s_at
Cytoplasm
other
1.104

myosin VI
MYO6
210480_s_at
Cytoplasm
other
1.41

Na+/H+ exchanger domain
NHEDC2
1564746_at
Plasma
other
−1 .462

containing 2

Membrane

N-acylethanolamine acid
NAAA
214765_s_at
Cytoplasm
enzyme
0.911

amidase

NADH dehydrogenase
NDUFA4L2
218484_at
unknown
enzyme
−3.507

(ubiquinone) 1 alpha

subcomplex, 4-like 2

NADH dehydrogenase
NDUFV3
226616_s_at
Cytoplasm
enzyme
−0.875

(ubiquinone) flavoprotein 3,

10 kDa

nebulette
NEBL
203961_at
Cytoplasm
other
−1.359

neural precursor cell expressed,
NEDD9
202150_s_at
Nucleus
other
2.41

developmentally down-regulated 9

NIPA-like domain containing 3
NIPAL3
225876_at
unknown
other
−1.203

nitric oxide synthase 1
NOS1
239132_at
Cytoplasm
enzyme
1.138

(neuronal)

nitric oxide synthase 1
NOS1
240911_at
Cytoplasm
enzyme
1.187

(neuronal)

NLR family member X1
NLRX1
219680_at
unknown
other
−1.541

non-protein coding RNA 171
NCRNA00171
215985_at
unknown
other
−0.692

nuclear receptor coactivator 7
NCOA7
225344_at
Nucleus
other
−0.842

nucleosome assembly protein 1-
NAP1L3
204749_at
Nucleus
other
−1.53

like 3

nudix (nucleoside diphosphate
NUDT19
235384_at
Cytoplasm
other
−1.685

linked moiety X)-type motif 19

olfactomedin 3
OLFM3
1554524_a_at
Cytoplasm
other
−0.927

oxysterol binding protein-like 3
OSBPL3
209626_s_at
Cytoplasm
other
2.083

pecanex-like 2
PCNXL2
1554256_a_at
unknown
other
−0.728

pellino homolog 2
PELI2
219132_at
Cytoplasm
other
0.732

peptidase M20 domain
PM20D2
225421_at
unknown
other
1.6

containing 2

peptidylglycine alpha-amidating
PAM
202336_s_at
Plasma
enzyme
−0.861

monooxygenase

Membrane

peripherin
PRPH
213847_at
Plasma
other
−1.417

Membrane

PHD finger protein 20
PHF20
235389_at
Nucleus
other
0.596

phosphatidic acid phosphatase
PPAPDC1A
236044_at
unknown
phosphatase
−2.621

type 2 domain containing 1A

phosphatidylinositol glycan
PIGH
209625_at
Cytoplasm
enzyme
−0.597

anchor biosynthesis, class H

phosphoinositide-interacting
HCG1776018
232887_at
unknown
other
−2.019

regulator of transient receptor

potential channels

phosphorylase kinase, alpha 1
PHKA1
229876_at
Cytoplasm
kinase
−1.2

(muscle)

plastin 3 (T isoform)
PLS3
201215_at
Cytoplasm
other
1.068

platelet-derived growth factor
PDGFRB
202273_at
Plasma
kinase
−1.373

receptor, beta polypeptide

Membrane

pleiotrophin
PTN
209466_x_at
Extracellular
growth factor
−1 .426

Space

pleiotrophin
PTN
211737_x_at
Extracellular
growth factor
−2.929

Space

pleiotropic regulator 1
PLRG1
225194_at
Nucleus
transcription
−0.701

regulator

pleiotropic regulator 1
PLRG1
227246_at
Nucleus
transcription
−1.228

regulator

plexin A2
PLXNA2
213030_s_at
Plasma
other
0.946

Membrane

plexin A4
PLXNA4
232317_at
Plasma
receptor
1.368

Membrane

polo-like kinase 2
PLK2
201939_at
Nucleus
kinase
3.606

polycomb group ring finger 5
PCGF5
227935_s_at
unknown
other
0.791

polymerase (DNA directed),
POLE
216026_s_at
Nucleus
enzyme
1.053

epsilon

potassium channel
KCTD12
212188_at
unknown
ion channel
3.396

tetramerisation domain

containing 12

potassium channel
KCTD12
212192_at
unknown
ion channel
4.806

tetramerisation domain

containing 12

potassium large conductance
KCNMA1
221584_s_at
Plasma
ion channel
−2.389

calcium-activated channel,

Membrane

subfamily M, alpha member 1

potassium voltage-gated
KCNQ2
205737_at
Plasma
ion channel
−1 .246

channel, KQT-like subfamily,

Membrane

member 2

pregnancy-associated plasma
PAPPA
201982_s_at
Extracellular
peptidase
−1.672

protein A, pappalysin 1

Space

prostaglandin E receptor 2
PTGER2
206631_at
Plasma
receptor
−2.328

(subtype EP2), 53 kDa

Membrane

prostaglandin F2 receptor
PTGFRN
224937_at
Plasma
other
2.301

negative regulator

Membrane

proteasome (prosome,
PSMA7
216088_s_at
Cytoplasm
peptidase
0.658

macropain) subunit, alpha type, 7

protein kinase, cAMP-
PRKACB
235780_at
Cytoplasm
kinase
−2.17

dependent, catalytic, beta

protein tyrosine phosphatase,
PTPRD
214043_at
Plasma
phosphatase
−1.16

receptor type, D

Membrane

protein tyrosine phosphatase,
PTPRE
221840_at
Plasma
phosphatase
3.044

receptor type, E

Membrane

protein tyrosine phosphatase,
PTPRG
204944_at
Plasma
phosphatase
1.237

receptor type, G

Membrane

RAB35, member RAS oncogene
RAB35
205461_at
Cytoplasm
enzyme
0.737

family

RAB6B, member RAS oncogene
RAB6B
225259_at
Cytoplasm
enzyme
−1.229

family

Rac/Cdc42 guanine nucleotide
ARHGEF6
209539_at
Cytoplasm
other
2.719

exchange factor (GEF) 6

RAN, member RAS oncogene
RAN
200750_s_at
Nucleus
enzyme
0.59

family

RAS and EF-hand domain
RASEF
1553986_at
unknown
other
1.393

containing

ras homolog gene family,
RHOU
223168_at
Cytoplasm
enzyme
−1.154

member U

regulator of G-protein signaling 5
RGS5
1555725_a_at
Plasma
other
4.038

Membrane

regulator of G-protein signaling 5
RGS5
209070_s_at
Plasma
other
3.729

Membrane

regulator of G-protein signaling 5
RGS5
209071_s_at
Plasma
other
3.468

Membrane

regulator of G-protein signaling 5
RGS5
218353_at
Plasma
other
3.65

Membrane

RELT-like 1
RELL1
226430_at
unknown
other
1.214

retinoblastoma-like 1 (p107)
RBL1
1559307_s_at
Nucleus
other
0.959

retrotransposon gag domain
RGAG4
227823_at
unknown
other
−1.775

containing 4

Rho GTPase activating protein 6
ARHGAP6
206167_s_at
Cytoplasm
other
2.809

ribosomal L1 domain containing 1
RSL1D1
213750_at
Cytoplasm
other
−0.816

RIMS binding protein 2
RIMBP2
238817_at
Plasma
other
1.679

Membrane

ring finger protein 13
RNF13
201780_s_at
Nucleus
other
−0.707

ring finger protein 182
RNF182
230720_at
unknown
other
2.696

ring finger protein 34
RNF34
219035_s_at
Cytoplasm
enzyme
0.85

ring finger protein 41
RNF41
201962_s_at
Cytoplasm
other
−0.591

RNA polymerase I transcription
LOC94431
216908_x_at
unknown
other
−0.674

factor homolog pseudogene 1

sal-like 4
SALL4
229661_at
Nucleus
other
1.586

salt-inducible kinase 1
SIK1
208078_s_at
Cytoplasm
kinase
−1.403

seizure related 6 homolog
SEZ6L
207873_x_at
Plasma
other
0.866

(mouse)-like

Membrane

seizure related 6 homolog
SEZ6L
211894_x_at
Plasma
other
0.797

(mouse)-like

Membrane

sema domain, transmembrane
SEMA6A
220454_s_at
Plasma
other
1.356

domain (TM), and cytoplasmic

Membrane

domain, (semaphorin) 6A

serine peptidase inhibitor, Kunitz
SPINT2
210715_s_at
Extracellular
other
−1.889

type, 2

Space

SH3 domain containing, Ysc84-
SH3YL1
204019_s_at
unknown
other
−0.859

like 1

SH3-domain GRB2-like 2
SH3GL2
205751_at
Plasma
enzyme
−1.605

Membrane

similar to hCG2031213
LOC728052
1558795_at
unknown
other
2.239

similar to hCG2031213
LOC728052
1558796_a_at
unknown
other
1.887

single immunoglobulin and toll-
SIGIRR
52940_at
Plasma
receptor
−1.42

interleukin 1 receptor (TIR)

Membrane

domain

single-minded homolog 1
SIM1
1556300_s_at
Nucleus
transcription
6.36

regulator

single-minded homolog 1
SIM1
206876_at
Nucleus
transcription
5.737

regulator

SLIT and NTRK-like family,
SLITRK5
214930_at
unknown
other
4.094

member 5

SMG1 homolog,
LOC641298
244766_at
unknown
other
1.065

phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-

related kinase pseudogene

solute carrier family 12
SLC12A7
218066_at
Plasma
transporter
−1.258

(potassium/chloride

Membrane

transporters), member 7

solute carrier family 22, member 17
SLC22A17
218675_at
Plasma
transporter
−0.724

Membrane

solute carrier family 35, member F3
SLC35F3
229065_at
unknown
other
−3.048

solute carrier family 44, member 5
SLC44A5
1569112_at
unknown
other
2.738

solute carrier family 44, member 5
SLC44A5
235763_at
unknown
other
1.845

solute carrier family 7 (cationic
SLC7A2
225516_at
Plasma
transporter
1.892

amino acid transporter, y+

Membrane

system), member 2

solute carrier organic anion
SLCO3A1
219229_at
Plasma
transporter
1.622

transporter family, member 3A1

Membrane

solute carrier organic anion
SLCO3A1
227367_at
Plasma
transporter
1.045

transporter family, member 3A1

Membrane

sparc/osteonectin, cwcv and
SPOCK2
202524_s_at
Extracellular
other
−0.83

kazal-like domains proteoglycan

Space

(testican) 2

sperm associated antigen 6
SPAG6
210032_s_at
Cytoplasm
other
1.687

sperm associated antigen 6
SPAG6
210033_s_at
Cytoplasm
other
2.774

spermatogenesis associated,
SPATS2L
222154_s_at
unknown
other
0.907

serine-rich 2-like

sphingosine-1-phosphate
S1PR3
228176_at
Plasma
receptor
1.9

receptor 3

Membrane

ST8 alpha-N-acetyl-neuraminide
ST8SIA1
210073_at
Cytoplasm
enzyme
1.114

alpha-2,8-sialyltransferase 1

ST8 alpha-N-acetyl-neuraminide
ST8SIA3
230262_at
Cytoplasm
enzyme
−1.039

alpha-2,8-sialyltransferase 3

stathmin-like 3
STMN3
222557_at
Nucleus
other
0.788

STEAP family member 3
STEAP3
218424_s_at
Cytoplasm
transporter
−1 .827

steroidogenic acute regulatory
STAR
204548_at
Cytoplasm
transporter
−1.093

protein

stimulated by retinoic acid gene
STRA6
1569334_at
Plasma
other
1.359

6 homolog

Membrane

stimulated by retinoic acid gene
STRA6
1569335_a_at
Plasma
other
1.167

6 homolog

Membrane

storkhead box 2
STOX2
226822_at
unknown
other
−0.854

synaptojanin 1
SYNJ1
212990_at
Cytoplasm
phosphatase
−0.624

synaptotagmin XIII
SYT13
226086_at
unknown
transporter
−4.754

synuclein, alpha (non A4
SNCA
236081_at
Cytoplasm
other
−0.935

component of amyloid precursor)

taxilin beta
TXLNB
227834_at
Cytoplasm
other
−2.226

teashirt zinc finger homeobox 3
TSHZ3
223392_s_at
Nucleus
transcription
1.472

regulator

teashirt zinc finger homeobox 3
TSHZ3
223393_s_at
Nucleus
transcription
0.962

regulator

tetratricopeptide repeat domain 39C
TTC39C
238480_at
unknown
other
−0.824

TH1-like
TH1L
220607_x_at
Nucleus
other
1.027

TH1-like
TH1L
225006_x_at
Nucleus
other
0.884

TH1-like
TH1L
225261_x_at
Nucleus
other
0.883

TH1-like
TH1L
225865_x_at
Nucleus
other
0.904

thioredoxin reductase 1
TXNRD1
201266_at
Cytoplasm
enzyme
1.032

THO complex 4
THOC4
226319_s_at
Nucleus
transcription
0.996

regulator

TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 3
TIMP3
201147_s_at
Extracellular
other
5.151

Space

TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 3
TIMP3
201148_s_at
Extracellular
other
3.637

Space

TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 3
TIMP3
201149_s_at
Extracellular
other
5.037

Space

TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 3
TIMP3
201150_s_at
Extracellular
other
4.312

Space

tissue factor pathway inhibitor 2
TFPI2
209277_at
Extracellular
other
1.592

Space

tissue factor pathway inhibitor 2
TFPI2
209278_s_at
Extracellular
other
2.326

Space

TM2 domain containing 1
TM2D1
213882_at
Plasma
receptor
−0.769

Membrane

transcription factor 7-like 2 (T-
TCF7L2
212761_at
Nucleus
transcription
1.005

cell specific, HMG-box)

regulator

transcription factor 7-like 2 (T-
TCF7L2
212762_s_at
Nucleus
transcription
1.224

cell specific, HMG-box)

regulator

transcription factor 7-like 2 (T-
TCF7L2
216035_x_at
Nucleus
transcription
1.072

cell specific, HMG-box)

regulator

transcription factor 7-like 2 (T-
TCF7L2
216037_x_at
Nucleus
transcription
0.81

cell specific, HMG-box)

regulator

transcription factor 7-like 2 (T-
TCF7L2
216511_s_at
Nucleus
transcription
1.003

cell specific, HMG-box)

regulator

transducin-like enhancer of split 3
TLE3
212770_at
Nucleus
other
0.976

transformer 2 alpha homolog
TRA2A
213593_s_at
Nucleus
other
1.12

transmembrane inner ear
TMIE
1553601_a_at
unknown
other
−3.334

transmembrane protein 132C
TMEM132C
232313_at
unknown
other
4.02

transmembrane protein 178
TMEM178
229302_at
unknown
other
1.697

transmembrane protein 184C
TMEM184C
219074_at
unknown
other
−0.779

transmembrane protein 5
TMEM5
204808_s_at
Plasma
other
−1.074

Membrane

transmembrane protein 59-like
TMEM59L
219005_at
Cytoplasm
other
−0.845

tripartite motif-containing 29
TRIM29
211002_s_at
Cytoplasm
transcription
2.005

regulator

tripartite motif-containing 36
TRIM36
219736_at
Cytoplasm
other
2.221

trophoblast glycoprotein
TPBG
203476_at
Plasma
other
2.158

Membrane

tumor suppressor candidate 3
TUSC3
232770_at
Extracellular
enzyme
−1.407

Space

U2 small nuclear RNA auxiliary
U2AF1
232141_at
Nucleus
other
0.776

factor 1

ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2
UBE2V1
201003_x_at
Nucleus
transcription
0.663

variant 1

regulator

urocortin
UCN
206072_at
Extracellular
other
−0.961

Space

vacuolar protein sorting 29
VPS29
223026_s_at
Cytoplasm
transporter
0.805

homolog

v-erb-a erythroblastic leukemia
ERBB4
206794_at
Plasma
kinase
−1.537

viral oncogene homolog 4

Membrane

v-erb-a erythroblastic leukemia
ERBB4
214053_at
Plasma
kinase
−1.708

viral oncogene homolog 4

Membrane

v-erb-b2 erythroblastic leukemia
ERBB2
216836_s_at
Plasma
kinase
−0.698

viral oncogene homolog 2,

Membrane

neuro/glioblastoma derived

oncogene homolog

v-raf-1 murine leukemia viral
RAF1
1557675_at
Cytoplasm
kinase
0.696

oncogene homolog 1

WD repeat and FYVE domain
WDFY3
212602_at
Cytoplasm
enzyme
−0.626

containing 3

WD repeat and FYVE domain
WDFY3
212606_at
Cytoplasm
enzyme
−0.785

containing 3

zinc finger homeobox 4
ZFHX4
219779_at
unknown
other
1.36

zinc finger homeobox 4
ZFHX4
241700_at
unknown
other
1.234

zinc finger protein 217
ZNF217
203739_at
Nucleus
transcription
1.096

regulator

zinc finger protein 503
ZNF503
227195_at
Nucleus
other
1.373

zinc finger protein 641
ZNF641
226509_at
unknown
other
−1.427

zinc finger protein 662
ZNF662
228538_at
unknown
other
−3.352

zinc finger, CCCH-type with G
ZGPAT
221848_at
unknown
other
0.991

patch domain

Computer analysis was performed as in Example V, except that the list of probes reflects genes that were greater than 1.5-fold differential expressed in the H1 cell line and the BB10 cell line when compared to both the 2D6 and SiMa parental cell lines, and also a greater than 1.5-fold differential expressed in the SiMa parental cell line when compared to the 2D6 cell line. When the p-value cut off was set to 0.05, this analysis identified 94 gene probes that could be classified to 70 genes (Table 17).

TABLE 17

Genes Identified using IPA Core Analysis

Gene

Log

Gene Name
Symbol
Probe ID. No.
Location
Type
Ratio

achaete-scute complex
ASCL1
209985_s_at
Nucleus
transcription
2.429

homolog 1

regulator

achaete-scute complex
ASCL1
209988_s_at
Nucleus
transcription
1.446

homolog 1

regulator

achaete-scute complex
ASCL1
213768_s_at
Nucleus
transcription
1.578

homolog 1

regulator

activated leukocyte cell
ALCAM
201952_at
Plasma
other
1.521

adhesion molecule

Membrane

ADP-ribosylation factor 1
ARF1
1565651_at
Cytoplasm
enzyme
1.063

ADP-ribosylation factor-like
ARL17A
243899_at
unknown
other
0.741

17A

ataxin 2-binding protein 1
A2BP1
1553422_s_at
Cytoplasm
other
1.453

ataxin 2-binding protein 1
A2BP1
221217_s_at
Cytoplasm
other
1.497

brain abundant, membrane
BASP1
202391_at
Plasma
other
1.146

attached signal protein 1

Membrane

CAP, adenylate cyclase-
CAP2
212551_at
Plasma
other
−1.974

associated protein, 2

Membrane

CD9 molecule
CD9
201005_at
Plasma
other
1.415

Membrane

CUG triplet repeat, RNA
CUGBP2
202157_s_at
Nucleus
other
2.156

binding protein 2

cyclic nucleotide gated
CNGA3
207261_at
Plasma
ion channel
−3.182

channel alpha 3

Membrane

cyclin-dependent kinase
CDKN2A
209644_x_at
Nucleus
transcription
−1.277

inhibitor 2A (melanoma, p16,

regulator

inhibits CDK4)

ELL associated factor 2
EAF2
219551_at
Nucleus
transcription
0.693

regulator

eukaryotic translation initiation
EIF3C
236700_at
Cytoplasm
translation
1.378

factor 3, subunit C

regulator

family with sequence
FAM162B
228875_at
unknown
other
−0.743

similarity 162, member B

family with sequence
FAM181B
231430_at
unknown
other
0.794

similarity 181, member B

far upstream element (FUSE)
FUBP3
239193_at
Nucleus
transcription
1.192

binding protein 3

regulator

fibroblast growth factor 13
FGF13
205110_s_at
Extracellular
growth factor
−3.522

Space

follistatin-like 1
FSTL1
208782_at
Extracellular
other
−1.275

Space

forkhead box O6
FOXO6
239657_x_at
Nucleus
other
−1.512

guanine nucleotide binding
GNAI1
227692_at
Plasma
enzyme
2.111

protein (G protein), alpha

Membrane

inhibiting activity polypeptide 1

guanine nucleotide binding
GNB4
225710_at
Plasma
enzyme
4.695

protein (G protein), beta

Membrane

polypeptide 4

guanine nucleotide binding
GNG11
204115_at
Plasma
enzyme
2.587

protein (G protein), gamma 11

Membrane

KDEL (Lys-Asp-Glu-Leu)
KDELC2
225128_at
unknown
other
1.085

containing 2

kelch-like 13
KLHL13
227875_at
unknown
other
0.902

KH domain containing, RNA
KHDRBS3
209781_s_at
Nucleus
other
1.082

binding, signal transduction

associated 3

KH homology domain
KHDC1
230055_at
unknown
other
−1.656

containing 1

leukemia inhibitory factor
LIFR
225575_at
Plasma
transmembrane
−0.941

receptor alpha

Membrane
receptor

mab-21-like 2
MAB21L2
210303_at
unknown
other
2.204

mesenchyme homeobox 2
MEOX2
206201_s_at
Nucleus
transcription
−4.213

regulator

moesin
MSN
200600_at
Plasma
other
2.082

Membrane

monoamine oxidase A
MAOA
204388_s_at
Cytoplasm
enzyme
2.15

monoamine oxidase A
MAOA
204389_at
Cytoplasm
enzyme
1.88

monoamine oxidase A
MAOA
212741_at
Cytoplasm
enzyme
2.048

multiple C2 domains,
MCTP1
220122_at
unknown
other
−1.597

transmembrane 1

MYC induced nuclear antigen
MINA
213188_s_at
Nucleus
other
1.391

MYC induced nuclear antigen
MINA
213189_at
Nucleas
other
1.641

myosin VI
MYO6
203216_s_at
Cytoplasm
other
1.104

phosphatidic acid
PPAPDC1A
236044_at
unknown
phosphatase
−2.621

phosphatase type 2 domain

containing 1A

plastin 3 (T isoform)
PLS3
201215_at
Cytoplasm
other
1.068

pleiotrophin
PTN
209466_x_at
Extracellular
growth factor
−1.426

Space

pleiotrophin
PTN
211737_x_at
Extracellular
growth factor
−2.929

Space

polo-like kinase 2
PLK2
201939_at
Nucleus
kinase
3.606

(Drosophila)

potassium large conductance
KCNMA1
221584_s_at
Plasma
ion channel
−2.389

calcium-activated channel,

Membrane

subfamily M, alpha member 1

RELT-like 1
RELL1
226430_at
unknown
other
1.214

ring finger protein 182
RNF182
230720_at
unknown
other
2.696

seizure related 6 homolog-like
SEZ6L
207873_x_at
Plasma
other
0.866

Membrane

seizure related 6 homolog
SEZ6L
211894_x_at
Plasma
other
0.797

(mouse)-like

Membrane

similar to hCG2031213
LOC728052
1558795_at
unknown
other
2.239

single-minded homolog 1
SIM1
1556300_s_at
Nucleus
transcription
6.36

(Drosophila)

regulator

single-minded homolog 1
SIM1
206876_at
Nucleus
transcription
5.737

(Drosophila)

regulator

SLIT and NTRK-like family,
SLITRK5
214930_at
unknown
other
4.094

member 5

SMG1 homolog,
LOC641298
244766_at
unknown
other
1.065

phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-

related kinase pseudogene

solute carrier family 44,
SLC44A5
1569112_at
unknown
other
2.738

member 5

solute carrier family 44,
SLC44A5
235763_at
unknown
other
1.845

member 5

solute carrier family 7
SLC7A2
225516_at
Plasma
transporter
1.892

(cationic amino acid

Membrane

transporter, y+ system),

member 2

solute carrier organic anion
SLCO3A1
219229_at
Plasma
transporter
1.622

transporter family, member

Membrane

3A1

spermatogenesis associated,
SPATS2L
222154_s_at
unknown
other
0.907

serine-rich 2-like

synaptotagmin XIII
SYT13
226086_at
unknown
transporter
−4.754

tissue factor pathway inhibitor 2
TFPI2
209278_s_at
Extracellular
other
2.326

Space

transcription factor 7-like 2 (T-
TCF7L2
212761_at
Nucleus
transcription
1.005

cell specific, HMG-box)

regulator

transformer 2 alpha homolog
TRA2A
213593_s_at
Nucleus
other
1.12

transmembrane inner ear
TMIE
1553601_a_at
unknown
other
−3.334

transmembrane protein 178
TMEM178
229302_at
unknown
other
1.697

U2 small nuclear RNA
U2AF1
232141_at
Nucleus
other
0.776

auxiliary factor 1

v-raf-1 murine leukemia viral
RAF1
1557675_at
Cytoplasm
kinase
0.696

oncogene homolog 1

zinc finger protein 217
ZNF217
203739_at
Nucleus
transcription
1.096

regulator

zinc finger protein 662
ZNF662
228538_at
unknown
other
−3.352

The log ratio represent log₂values where 0.585 is log₂(1.5) which is a 1.5-fold difference, 1 is log₂(2) which is a 2-fold difference, 1.584 is log₂(3) which is a 3-fold difference, 2 is log₂(4) which is a 4-fold difference, 2.321 is log₂(5) which is a 5-fold difference, 2.584 is log₂(6) which is a 6-fold difference, 2.807 is log₂(7) which is a 7-fold difference, 3 is log₂(8) which is a 8-fold difference, 3.169 is log₂(9) which is a 9-fold difference, and 3.321 is log₂(10) which is a 10-fold difference.

Example VI
Immuno-Based Method to Detect Picomolar Amounts of BoNT/A

The following example illustrates how to perform immuno-based methods of detecting BoNT/A activity that can detect picomolar amounts of the BoNT/A pharmaceutical product, such as, e.g., BOTOX® DYSPORT®/RELOXIN®, PURTOX®, XEOMIN®, NEURONOX®, or BTX-A.

1. Immuno-Based Method of Detecting BoNT/A Using ECL Sandwich ELISA.

To prepare a lysate from cells treated with a BoNT/A, approximately 150,000 cells from an established clonal cell line was plated into the wells of 96-well tissue culture poly-D-lysine plates containing 100 μL of a serum-free medium containing Minimum Essential Medium, 2 mM GlutaMAX™ I with Earle's salts, 1×B27 supplement, 1×N2 supplement, 0.1 mM Non-Essential Amino Acids, 10 mM HEPES and 60 μg/mL GT1b. The cell lines used were BB10, H1, and SiMa. These cells were incubated in a 37° C. incubator under 5% carbon dioxide until the cells differentiated, as assessed by standard and routine morphological criteria, such as growth arrest and neurite extension (approximately 3 days). The media from the differentiated cells was aspirated from each well and replaced with fresh media containing one of the following: 1) SiMa cell line, 0 (untreated), 0.98 U/mL, 1.9 U/mL, 3.91 U/mL, 7.81 U/mL, 15.6 U/mL, 31.3 U/mL, 62.5 U/mL, 125 U/mL, 250 U/mL, or 500 U/mL of a BoNT/A pharmaceutical product reconstituted in a sodium chloride free medium; 2) BB10, 0 (untreated), 0.49 U/mL, 0.98 U/mL, 1.9 U/mL, 3.91 U/mL, 7.81 U/mL, 15.6 U/mL, 31.3 U/mL, 62.5 U/mL, 125 U/mL, 250 U/mL; 3) H1, 0 (untreated), 0.3 U/mL, 1 U/mL, 3 U/mL, 9 U/mL, 28 U/mL, 83 U/mL, and 250 U/mL. Because the BoNT/A pharmaceutical product contains sodium chloride, its addition to the culture medium resulted in a hypertonic media that was detrimental to cell viability. To circumvent the hypertonicity issue, 200 μL of MEM media made without sodium chloride was used to reconstitute the BoNT/A pharmaceutical product giving a final concentration of 25 pM BoNT/A (500 U/mL). The matrix was kept constant for all concentrations along the dose-response curve by adding sodium chloride in the media used to make the dilutions match the amount of excipients present at the highest concentration used (25 pM or 500 U/mL). After a 24 hr treatment, the cells were washed, and incubated for an additional two days without toxin. To harvest the cells, 1×PBS was aspirated, the cells lysed by adding 75 μL of Lysis Buffer comprising 50 mM HEPES, 150 mM NaCl, 1.5 mM MgCl₂, 1 mM EGTA, 1% Triton X-100 to each well, and the plate incubated on a shaker rotating at 500 rpm for 30 minutes at 4° C. The plate was centrifuged at 4000 rpm for 20 minutes at 4° C. to pellet cellular debris and the supernatant was transferred to a capture antibody coated 96-well plate to perform the detection step.

To prepare the α-SNAP-25 capture antibody solution, the α-SNAP-25 monoclonal antibody contained in the ascites from hybridoma cell line 2E2A6 (Example VII) was purified using a standard Protein A purification protocol. To prepare the α-SNAP-25 detection antibody solution, α-SNAP-25 rabbit polyclonal antibody S9684 (Sigma, St. Louis, Mo.) was conjugated to Ruthenium(II)-tris-bipyridine-(4-methysulfonate) NHS ester labeling reagent (Meso Scale Discovery, Gaithersburg, Md.) according to the manufacturer's instructions (Meso Scale Discovery, Gaithersburg, Md.). The conjugation reaction was performed by adding 30 μL of distilled water reconstituted MSD SULFO-TAG™ stock solution to 200 μL of 2 mg/mL α-SNAP-25 polyclonal antibodies and incubating the reaction at room temperature for 2 hours in the dark. The labeled antibodies were purified using a standard spin column protocol and the protein concentration determined using a standard colorimetric protein assay. The absorbance of the α-SNAP-25 antibody/MSD SULFO-TAG™ conjugate was measured at 455 nm using a spectrophotometer to determine the concentration in moles per liter. The detection antibody solution was stored at 4° C. until needed.

To prepare the solid phase support comprising the capture antibody that is specific for a SNAP-25 cleaved product, approximately 1 μL of α-SNAP-25 monoclonal antibody 2E2A6 solution (45 μg/mL in 1×PBS, 750 μg/mL of BSA) was added to each well of a 96-well MSD High Bind plate (Meso Scale Discovery, Gaithersburg, Md.) and the solution is allowed to air dry in a biological safety cabinet for 2-3 hours in order to liquid evaporate the solution, and then the plates were sealed and stored at 4° C. until needed. The dried capture antibody-bound wells were then blocked by adding 150 μL of Blocking Buffer comprising 1×PBS, 0.05% Tween-20, 2% ECL Blocking reagent (GE Healthcare-Amersham), and 1% goat serum (Rockland Immunochemicals, Gilbertsville, Pa.) at room temperature for 2 hours with rotation at 600 rpm.

To detect the presence of a SNAP-25 cleavage product by ECL sandwich ELISA analysis, the Blocking Buffer from plates was aspirated, 25 μL of a lysate from cells treated with BoNT/A was added to each well and the plates were incubated at 4° C. for overnight. Plate wells were washed three times by aspirating the cell lysate and rinsing each well three times with 200 μL 1×PBS, 0.1% TWEEN-20® (polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaureate). After washing, 25 μl of 5 μg/mL α-SNAP-25 detection antibody solution comprising 2% Amersham Blocking Reagent in 1×PBS, 0.1% TWEEN-20® (polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaureate) was added to each well, the plate was sealed, and the sealed plate was incubated at room temperature for 1 hour with shaking. After α-SNAP-25 detection antibody incubation, the wells were washed three times with 250 μL 1×PBS, 0.1% TWEEN-20® (polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaureate). After washing 150 μL of 1× Read Buffer (Meso Scale Discovery, Gaithersburg, Md.) was added to each well and the plates were read using a SECTOR™ Imager 6000 Image Reader (Meso Scale Discovery, Gaithersburg, Md.). The raw data was then transferred to SigmaPlot v 10.0 and a 4-parameter logistics fit was used to define the dose-response curves. There were no constraints used for the 4-parameter logistic function when plotting the data. Graphical reports were generated using the following analysis: R2 (correlation coefficient), a (Max for data set), b (hillslope), and X0±SE (EC₅₀value±standard error).

These results indicated that on average the cells comprising the BB10 and H1 clonal cell lines were more susceptible to BoNT/A intoxication as compared to cells comprising the parental SiMa cell line. Cells from a BB10 cell line exhibited an EC₅₀for BoNT/A activity of 7 U/mL, cells from a H1 cell line exhibited an EC₅₀for BoNT/A activity of 8 U/mL, and cells from the parental SiMa cell line exhibited an EC₅₀for BoNT/A activity of 13 U/mL. This method can also be performed in a multiplex fashion as described in Ester Fernandez-Salas, et al., Immuno-Based Botulinum Toxin Serotype A Activity Assays, U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/403,531, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.

Example VII
Transfection of BoNT/A Receptor DNA into Sensitive Clonal Cell Lines Further Improves Sensitivity of the Clonal Cell Line for BoNT/A

The following example illustrates how to introduce a polynucleotide molecule encoding a BoNT/A receptor into cells from a clonal cell line to further improve susceptibility to BoNT/A intoxication or improve BoNT/A uptake capacity.

To introduce an exogenous BoNT/A receptor into cells comprising an established clonal cell line, a mammalian expression construct comprising a polynucleotide molecule of SEQ ID NO: 139 encoding the FGFR3 of SEQ ID NO: 25, was transfected into cells from a H1 clonal cell line by a cationic lipid method. A suitable density (about 5×10⁶cells) of cells from an established clonal cell line are plated in a 100 mm tissue culture dish containing 5 mL of complete culture media and grown in a 37° C. incubator under 5% carbon dioxide until the cells reached a density appropriate for transfection. A 3 mL transfection solution is prepared by adding 1.5 mL of OPTI-MEM® Reduced Serum Medium containing 60 μL of LIPOFECTAMINE® 2000 (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, Calif.) incubated at room temperature for 5 minutes to 1.5 mL of OPTI-MEM® Reduced Serum Medium containing 24 μg of an expression construct encoding the FGFR3 of SEQ ID NO: 25. This transfection mixture is incubated at room temperature for approximately 30 minutes. The complete media on the cells is replaced with the 3 mL transfection solution and the cells are incubated in a 37° C. incubator under 5% carbon dioxide for approximately 8 hours. Transfection media is replaced with 3 mL of fresh complete culture media and the cells are incubated in a 37° C. incubator under 5% carbon dioxide for approximately 24 hours. Media is replaced with 3 mL of fresh complete culture media containing approximately 1 mM G418 (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, Calif.) for selection of transfected cells. Cells are incubated in a 37° C. incubator under 5% carbon dioxide for approximately 1 week, the old media is replaced with fresh complete culture media containing 0.5 mM G418 and the cells are plated onto one 96-well collagen IV coated plate at a plating density of 0.5 cells per well. Cell growth and viability was monitored by microscopic examination and after about 3 weeks single clones appeared in about 20% of the wells. These clones were grown for an additional 2 weeks and then transferred to duplicate 24-well collagen IV coated plates, one to maintain the clonal cell line and the other to test for BoNT/A susceptibility.

To determine the susceptibility of the cells comprising the clonal cell lines overexpressing a BoNT/A receptor, a Western blot analysis was done to determine sensitivity and an ECL sandwich ELISA was done to determine an EC₅₀value. A total of eight clones were tested for the FGFR3 stably transfected H1 cells.

To prepare a cell lysate for the Western blot analysis, cells from the clonal cell line were plated into two wells in a poly-D-lysine coated 96-well plate in serum-free medium containing Minimum Essential Medium, 2 mM GLUTAMAX™ I with Earle's salts, 1×B27 supplement, 1×N2 supplement, 0.1 mM Non-Essential Amino Acids, 10 mM HEPES and 25 μg/mL GT1b (Alexis Biochemicals, Lausen, Switzerland). These cells were incubated in a 37° C. incubator under 5% carbon dioxide until the cells differentiated, as assessed by standard and routine morphological criteria, such as growth arrest and neurite extension (approximately 3 days). The media from the differentiated cells was aspirated from each well and replaced with fresh media containing either 0 (untreated), 0.5 nM or 0.25 nM of a BoNT/A complex. After a 6 hr treatment, the cells were washed, and incubated for an additional 18 hr without toxin. After the incubation, the cells were washed by aspirating the growth media and rinsing each well with 200 μl of 1×PBS. To harvest the cells, the 1×PBS was aspirated, the cells were lysed by adding 40 μL of 2×SDS Loading Buffer and the plate was swirled for an even coating of Loading Buffer. The lysate was transferred to a new 96-well PCR plate (Axygen, Union City, Calif.) and the plate was heated to 95° C. for 5 min to complete cell lysis and denature proteins.

To detect for the presence of both uncleaved SNAP-25 substrate and cleaved SNAP-25 products, an aliquot from each harvested sample was analyzed by Western blot. In this analysis, a 12 μL aliquot of the harvested sample was separated by MOPS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis using NUPAGE® Novex 12% Bis-Tris precast polyacrylamide gels (Invitrogen Inc., Carlsbad, Calif.) under denaturing, reducing conditions. Separated proteins were transferred from the gel onto nitrocellulose membranes (Bio-Rad Laboratories, Hercules, Calif.) by Western blotting using a “Transfer +4 cassettes & Cooler” transfer chamber (GE Healthcare, Piscataway, N.J.). Membranes were blocked by incubating at room temperature for 1 hr with gentle agitation in a solution containing Tris-Buffered Saline (TBS) (25 mM 2-amino-2-hydroxymethyl-1,3-propanediol hydrochloric acid (Tris-HCl) (pH 7.4), 137 mM sodium chloride, 2.7 mM potassium chloride), 0.1% TWEEN-20® (polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaureate), 2% Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA), 5% nonfat dry milk. Blocked membranes were incubated at 4° C. for overnight in TBS, 0.1% TWEEN-20® (polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaureate), 2% BSA, and 5% nonfat dry milk containing a 1:5,000 dilution of α-SNAP-25 rabbit polyclonal antiserum S9684 (Sigma, St. Louis, Mo.) as the primary antibody. The α-SNAP-25 rabbit polyclonal antibodies can detect both the uncleaved SNAP-25 substrate and the SNAP-25 cleavage product, allowing for the assessment of overall SNAP-25 expression in each cell line and the percent of SNAP-25 cleaved after BoNT/A treatment as a parameter to assess the amount of BoNT/A uptake. Primary antibody probed blots were washed three times for 5 minutes each time in TBS, TWEEN-20® (polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaureate). Washed membranes were incubated at room temperature for 2 hours in TBS, 0.1% TWEEN-20® (polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaureate), 2% BSA, and 5% nonfat dry milk containing a 1:10,000 dilution of goat polyclonal anti-rabbit immunoglobulin G, heavy and light chains (IgG, H+L) antibody conjugated to horseradish peroxidase (Invitrogen, Inc., Carlsbad, Calif.) as a secondary antibody. Secondary antibody-probed blots were washed five times for 5 minutes each time in TBS, 0.1% TWEEN-20® (polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaureate). Signal detection of the labeled SNAP-25 products were visualized using the ECL Plus™ Western Blot Detection System (GE Healthcare, Amersham Biosciences, Piscataway, N.J.) and the membrane was imaged and the percent of cleaved SNAP-25 products quantified with a Typhoon 9410 Variable Mode Imager and Imager Analysis software (GE Healthcare, Amersham Biosciences, Piscataway, N.J.). The choice of pixel size (100 to 200 pixels) and PMT voltage settings (350 to 600, normally 400) depended on the individual blot. The volumes of the bands corresponding to either intact and cleaved SNAP-25 product were quantified using Image Quant TL and the total amount of SNAP-25 and the percentage of SNAP-25 cleaved were calculated based on the intensity of these two SNAP-25 bands.

Clone H1 1.4 had a high percentage of SNAP-25 cleavage and high levels of total SNAP25 and was selected for further testing. The selected clone was first grown on a 10 cm²dish and then in T175 flasks to ensure that enough cells were produced for both ECL sandwich ELISA assay and for freezing stocks. Frozen stocks were made with 1×10⁶cells and 1 mL of Recovery Cell Culture Freezing Media (GIBCO-Invitrogen, #12648-010 Freezing media).

To prepare a cell lysate for the ECL sandwich ELISA, approximately 50,000 cells from H1 clonal cell line and from H1 1.4 clonal cell line overexpressing FGFR3 were plated and differentiated as described above. The media from the differentiated cells was aspirated from each well and replaced with fresh media containing either (untreated), 0.27 pM, 0.82 pM, 2.47 pM, 7.4 pM, 22.2 pM, 66.6 pM, or 200 pM of a BoNT/A complex of a BoNT/A complex. After a 6 hr treatment, the cells were washed, and incubated overnight without toxin. After a 24 hr treatment, the cells were washed by aspirating the BoNT/A containing media and rinsing each well with 200 μL of 1×PBS. Washed cells were harvested by lysing in freshly prepared Triton X-100 Lysis Buffer (150 mM NaCl, 20 mM Tris-HCl (pH 7.5), 1 mM EDTA, 1 mM EGTA, 1% Triton X-100 plus protease inhibitors) at 4° C. for 30 minutes with constant agitation. Lysed cells were centrifuged at 4000 rpm for 20 min at 4° C. to pellet debris.

The α-SNAP-25 capture antibody solution, the α-SNAP-25 detection antibody solution, and the solid phase support comprising the capture antibody that is specific for a SNAP-25 cleaved product were prepared as described in Example V. To detect the presence of a cleaved SNAP-25 product by ECL sandwich ELISA, the plates were processed, and the data collected and analyzed, and the EC₅₀calculated as described in Example VI. The EC₅₀for H1 1.4 cells was estimated to about 1.7 pM, compared to an EC₅₀about 8.7 pM for H1 cells indicating that the newly generated H1 1.4 cell line is about 5 times more sensitive than the H1 cell line for BoNT/A uptake (average of two independent experiments with similar results). The maximum signal for both cell lines was identical indicating similar efficacy towards SNAP25 cleavage. The increase in sensitivity is especially prominent at lower concentrations of BoNT/A, where the H1 1.4 cells are many times more sensitive to BoNT/A compared to H1 cells producing a very robust signal over background at the 0.27 pM concentration. Over-expression of FGFR3 was verified in a Western blot using α-FGFR3 antibodies sc-123 (Santa Cruz Biotechnologies, Santa Cruz, Calif.).

Example VIII
Development of α-SNAP-25 Monoclonal Antibodies that Selectively Bind a SNAP-25 Epitope Having a Free Carboxyl-Terminus at the P₁Residue of the BoNT/A Cleavage Site Scissile Bond

The following example illustrates how to make α-SNAP-25 monoclonal antibodies that can selectively bind to a SNAP-25 epitope having a carboxyl-terminus at the P₁residue of the BoNT/A cleavage site scissile bond.

1. Generation of α-SNAP-25 Monoclonal Antibodies.

α-SNAP-25 monoclonal antibodies with higher binding affinity for a SNAP-25 cleavage product and/or α-SNAP-25 antibodies with a higher binding specificity for a SNAP-25 cleavage product were developed. In addition, because a permanent, stable and renewable source of α-SNAP-25 antibodies is preferable for an FDA-approved assay, screens to isolate monoclonal antibodies were undertaken. To develop monoclonal α-SNAP-25 antibodies the 13-residue peptide CDSNKTRIDEANQ_COOH(SEQ ID NO: 38) was designed as a SNAP-25 antigen having a carboxyl-terminus at the P₁residue of the BoNT/A cleavage site scissile bond. This peptide comprises a flexible linker region and a N-terminal Cysteine residue for conjugation to KLH and amino acids 186-197 of human SNAP-25 (SEQ ID NO: 5) with a carboxylated C-terminal glutamine (SEQ ID NO: 38). The generation of monoclonal antibodies to well-chosen, unique peptide sequences provides control over epitope specificity, allowing the identification of a particular subpopulation of protein among a pool of closely related isoforms. Blast searches revealed that this peptide has high homology only to SNAP-25 and almost no possible cross-reactivity with other proteins in neuronal cells. The sequence was also carefully scrutinized by utilizing computer algorithms to determine hydropathy index, protein surface probability, regions of flexibility, and favorable secondary structure, followed by proper orientation and presentation of the chosen peptide sequence. The peptide was synthesized and conjugated to Keyhole Limpet Hemocyanin (KLH) to increase immunogenicity. Six Balb/c mice were immunized with this peptide, and after three immunizations in about eight weeks, the mice were bled for testing. The blood was allowed to clot by incubating at 4° C. for 60 minutes. The clotted blood was centrifuged at 10,000×g at 4° C. for 10 minutes to pellet the cellular debris. The resulting serum sample was dispensed into 50 μL aliquots and stored at −20° C. until needed.

A similar strategy based on other SNAP-25 antigens disclosed in the present specification is used to develop α-SNAP-25 monoclonal antibodies that can selectively bind to a SNAP-25 having a carboxyl-terminus at the P₁residue of the BoNT/A cleavage site scissile bond. For example, the SNAP-25 antigen of SEQ ID NO: 45 can be conjugated to KLH instead of the SNAP-25 antigen of SEQ ID NO: 38. As another example, the amino acids 186-197 of human SNAP-25 from the SNAP-25 antigen of SEQ ID NO: 38 can be replaced with SEQ ID NO: 32, SEQ ID NO: 33, SEQ ID NO: 34, SEQ ID NO: 35, SEQ ID NO: 36, SEQ ID NO: 39, SEQ ID NO: 40, SEQ ID NO: 41, SEQ ID NO: 42, SEQ ID NO: 43, SEQ ID NO: 44, SEQ ID NO: 147, or SEQ ID NO: 148.

2. Screening for the Presence of α-SNAP-25 Monoclonal Antibodies.

To determine the presence of an α-SNAP-25 monoclonal antibody that can selectively bind to a SNAP-25 antigen having a carboxyl-terminus at the P₁residue of the BoNT/A cleavage site scissile bond, comparative ELISA and cell-based cleavage assay were performed using the extracted mouse serum. For comparative ELISA, two fusion proteins were constructed: BIRA-HIS TAG®-SNAP-25_134-197of SEQ ID NO: 48 and the BIRA-HIS TAG®-SNAP-25_134-206of SEQ ID NO: 49. BIRA-HIS TAG®-SNAP-25_134-197comprised a naturally-biotinylated 16 amino acid BirA peptide of SEQ ID NO: 50 amino-terminally linked to a SNAP-25 peptide comprising amino acids 134-197 of SEQ ID NO: 5. BIRA-HIS TAG®-SNAP-25_134-206comprised a naturally-biotinylated 16 amino acid BirA peptide of SEQ ID NO: 50 amino-terminally linked to a SNAP-25 peptide comprising amino acids 134-206 of SEQ ID NO: 5. These two substrates were suspended in 1×PBS at a concentration of 10 μg/mL BIRA-HIS TAG®-SNAP-25_134-197and the BIRA-HIS TAG®-SNAP-25_134-206. The BIRA-HIS TAG®-SNAP-25_134-197and the BIRA-HIS TAG®-SNAP-25_134-206were coated onto separate plates by adding approximately 100 μl of the appropriate Substrate Solution and incubating the plates at room temperature for one hour. Washed plates were incubated at 37° C. for one hour in 0.5% BSA in 1×TBS containing a 1:10 to 1:100 dilution of an antibody-containing serum derived from one of the six immunized mice (Mouse 1, Mouse 2, Mouse 3, Mouse 4, Mouse 5, and Mouse 6). Primary antibody probed plates were washed four times for 5 minutes each time in 200 μl TBS, 0.1% TWEEN-20® (polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaureate). Washed plates were incubated at 37° C. for 1 hour in 1×TBS containing a 1:10,000 dilution of goat polyclonal anti-mouse IgG antibody conjugated to Horseradish peroxidase (Pierce Biotechnology, Rockford, Ill.) as a secondary antibody. Secondary antibody-probed plates were washed four times in 200 μl TBS, 0.1% TWEEN-20® (polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaureate). Chromogenic detection of the labeled SNAP-25 products were visualized by chromogenic detection using ImmunoPure TMB substrate kit (Pierce Biotechnology, Rockford, Ill.). The development of a yellow color in the BIRA-HIS TAG®-SNAP-25_134-197coated plates, but not the BIRA-HIS TAG®-SNAP-25_134-206coated plates, indicated that the α-SNAP-25 antibody preferentially recognized the SNAP-25₁₉₇cleavage product. The resulted indicated that of the six mice used for immunization, three mice (Mouse 2, Mouse 3, and Mouse 4) had higher titers and more specificity towards a SNAP-25 antigen having a carboxyl-terminus at the P₁residue of the BoNT/A cleavage site scissile bond.

These results were confirmed using an ELISA light chain activity assay. A 96-well Reacti-Bind Streptavidin coated plates (Pierce Biotechnology, Rockford, Ill.) were prepared by adding approximately 100 μl of the following Substrate Solution: Rows A-C were coated with 100 μL of BIRA-HIS TAG®-SNAP-25_134-197at twelve different concentrations; Rows D-H were coated with 100 μL of BIRA-HIS TAG®-SNAP-25_134-206at 10 μg/mL. The plates were washed by aspirating the Substrate Solution and rinsing each well three times with 200 μl TBS, 0.1% TWEEN-20® (polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaureate). Dilutions of BoNT/A were pre-reduced at 37° C. for 20 minutes in BoNT/A Incubation Buffer (50 mM HEPES, pH 7.4, 1% fetal bovine serum, 10 μM ZnCl₂, 10 mM dithiothrietol) and 100 μl of the pre-reduced BoNT/A was added to the substrate-coated plates and incubated at 37° C. for 90 minutes. BoNT/A treated plates were washed by aspirating the BoNT/A Incubation Buffer and rinsing each plate three times with 200 μl TBS, 0.1% TWEEN-20® (polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaureate). Washed plates were incubated at 37° C. for one hour in 0.5% BSA in 1×TBS containing a 1:10 to 1:100 dilution of the antibody-containing serum being tested. Primary antibody probed plates were washed four times for 5 minutes each time in 200 μl TBS, 0.1% TWEEN-20® (polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaureate). Washed plates were incubated at 37° C. for 1 hour in 1×TBS containing a 1:10,000 dilution of goat polyclonal anti-mouse IgG antibody conjugated to Horseradish peroxidase (Pierce Biotechnology, Rockford, Ill.) as a secondary antibody. Secondary antibody-probed plates were washed four times in 200 μl TBS, 0.1% TWEEN-20® (polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaureate). Chromogenic detection of the labeled SNAP-25 products were visualized by chromogenic detection using ImmunoPure TMB substrate kit (Pierce Biotechnology, Rockford, Ill.). The development of a yellow color, which correlated with the presence of the SNAP-25₁₉₇cleavage product was detected in BoNT/A treated samples, but not untreated controls, using antibody-containing serum derived from all six immunized mice (Mouse 1, Mouse 2, Mouse 3, Mouse 4, Mouse 5, and Mouse 6). Thus, the comparative ELISA analysis indicated that of the mice used for immunization, three mice (Mouse 2, Mouse 3, and Mouse 4) had higher titers and more specificity towards a SNAP-25 antigen having a carboxyl-terminus at the P₁residue of the BoNT/A cleavage site scissile bond.

For cell-based cleavage assay, a suitable density of PC12 cells were plated into 60 mm²tissue culture plates containing 3 mL of an appropriate serum medium (Table 1). The cells were grown in a 37° C. incubator under 5% carbon dioxide until cells reached the appropriate density. A 500 μL transfection solution was prepared by adding 250 μL of OPTI-MEM® Reduced Serum Medium containing 15 μL of LIPOFECTAINE® 2000 (Invitrogen Inc., Carlsbad, Calif.) incubated at room temperature for 5 minutes to 250 μL of OPTI-MEM® Reduced Serum Medium containing 10 μg of a pQBI-25/GFP-BoNT/A-LC expression construct (SEQ ID NO: 51). The pQBI-25/GFP-BoNT/A-LC expression construct comprises a pQBI-25 expression vector (Qbiogene Inc., Carlsbad, Calif.) whose promoter elements are functionally linked to a polynucleotide encoding the GFP-BoNT/A light chain of SEQ ID NO: 52. This transfection mixture was incubated at room temperature for approximately 20 minutes. The media was replaced with fresh unsupplemented media and the 500 μL transfection solution was added to the cells. The cells were then incubated in a 37° C. incubator under 5% carbon dioxide for approximately 6 to 18 hours. The cells were washed and harvested as described in Example II. To detect for the presence of the cleaved SNAP-25₁₉₇product, an aliquot from each harvested sample was analyzed by Western blot as described in Example II, except that the primary antibody used was a 1:1,000 dilution of the antibody-containing serum and the secondary antibody used was a 1:20,000 of mouse α-IgG Horseradish Peroxidase (Pierce Biotechnology, Rockford, Ill.). A single band corresponding to the SNAP-25₁₉₇cleavage product was detected in BoNT/A treated samples, but not untreated controls, using antibody-containing serum derived from three mice (Mouse 2, Mouse 3, and Mouse 4). Thus, the cell-based cleavage assay indicated that of the mice used for immunization, three mice (Mouse 2, Mouse 3, and Mouse 4) had higher titers and more specificity towards a SNAP-25 antigen having a carboxyl-terminus at the P₁residue of the BoNT/A cleavage site scissile bond.

3. Production of Hybridomas.

To make hybridomas producing α-SNAP-25 monoclonal antibodies that can selectively bind to a SNAP-25 antigen having a carboxyl-terminus at the P₁residue of the BoNT/A cleavage site scissile bond, the spleen from Mouse 2 was harvested three days subsequent to a final “booster” immunization and the spleen cells were fused with myeloma cells P3-X63 Ag8.653 using standard hybridoma protocols. These cells were plated into five 96-well plates and hybrids were selected using HAT medium. Within 8-14 days after fusion, the first screening of the approximately 480 parent clones was carried out using comparative ELISA with the BIRA-HIS TAG®-SNAP-25_134-197and the BIRA-HIS TAG®-SNAP-25_134-206peptides coated in two separate plates. The comparative ELISA provided a quick screen method to identify hybridomas producing antibodies specific for the cleaved SNAP-25₁₉₇. The top 18 clones were subjected to further screening using the cell-based cleavage assay described above and immunostaining of LC/A transfected cells. (Table 18).

TABLE 18

Analysis of Supernatants Containing α-SNAP-25 Monoclonal Antibody

Comparative ELISA
Cell-Based Assay

Clone
OD SNAP-25₁₉₇
OD SNAP-25₂₀₆
Ratio_197/206
Ratio_206/197
SNAP-25₁₉₇
SNAP-25₂₀₆

1D3
1.805
0.225
8.02
0.13
+++
−

1F12
0.365
0.093
3.92
0.25
−
−

1G10
0.590
0.137
4.31
0.23
++
−

1H1
0.335
0.121
2.77
0.36
−
−

1H8
0.310
0.302
1.03
0.97
+
−

2C9
0.139
0.274
0.51
1.97
−
−

2E2
0.892
0.036
24.78
0.04
++
−

2E4
0.228
0.069
3.30
0.30
+
−

2F11
1.095
1.781
0.61
1.63
−
−

3C1
1.268
0.053
23.92
0.04
++
−

3C3
0.809
0.052
15.56
0.06
++
−

3E1
0.086
0.155
0.55
1.80
0
−

3E8
2.048
0.053
38.64
0.03
+++
−

3G2
0.053
0.158
0.34
2.98
−
−

4D1
0.106
0.218
0.49
2.06
−
−

4G6
0.061
0.159
0.38
2.61
−
−

5A5
0.251
0.106
2.37
0.42
+
−

5F11
0.243
0.061
3.98
0.25
−
−

Clones 1D3, 1G10, 2E2, 3C1, 3C3, and 3E8 were further cloned by limiting dilution because the conditioned media produced by these clones comprised α-SNAP-25 antibodies with a preferential binding specificity having a ratio_197/206of at least 4:1 for the SNAP-25₁₉₇cleavage product relative to the SNAP-25₂₀₆uncleaved substrate and detected the SNAP-25₁₉₇-cleavage product using the cell-based cleavage assay and the immunostaining of PC12 cells transfected with GFP-LC/A. Similarly clones 2C9, 2F11, 3G2, 4D1 and 4G6 were further cloned by limiting dilution because the conditioned media produced by these clones comprised α-SNAP-25 antibodies with a preferential binding specificity having a ratio_206/197of at least 1.5:1 for the SNAP-25₂₀₆uncleaved substrate relative to the SNAP-25₁₉₇cleavage product and detected the SNAP-25₂₀₆-uncleaved substrate using the cell-based cleavage assay. These single-cell derived clones were screened again using comparative ELISA, cell-based cleavage, and immunostaining to confirm their affinity and specificity, and the antibodies were isotyped using standard procedures. Ascites were produced from clones 1D3B8 (IgM.k), 1G10A12 (IgG3.k), 2C9B10 (IgG3.k), 2E2A6 (IgG3.k), 2F11B6 (IgM.k), 3C1A5 (IgG2a.k), and 3C3E2 (IgG2a.k). Clone 3E8 stopped producing antibodies during the cloning process and could not be further evaluated.

4. Evaluation of Binding Specificity of α-SNAP-25 Monoclonal Antibodies.

To evaluate binding specificity of an α-SNAP-25 monoclonal antibody that can selectively bind to a SNAP-25 antigen having a carboxyl-terminus at the P₁residue of the BoNT/A cleavage site scissile bond, ascites from clones 1D3B8, 1G10A12, 2C9B10, 2E2A6, 2F11B6, 3C1A5, and 3C3E2 were used to detect SNAP-25 cleavage product using the cell-based activity assay, immunocytochemistry and immunoprecipitation.

For the cell-based activity assay, binding specificity was determined by analyzing the ability of α-SNAP-25 antibody-containing ascites to detect the uncleaved SNAP-25₂₀₆substrate and the cleaved SNAP-25₁₉₇product by Western blot analysis. A suitable density of PC12 cells were plated into 60 mm²tissue culture plates containing 3 mL of an appropriate serum medium, grown in a 37° C. incubator under 5% carbon dioxide until an appropriate cell density was reached, and transfected with the either a transfection solution lacking the pQBI-25/GFP-BoNT/A-LC expression construct (untransfected cells) or a transfection solution containing the pQBI-25/GFP-BoNT/A-LC expression construct (transfected cells) as described above. The cells were washed and harvested as described in Example I. To detect for the presence of both the uncleaved SNAP-25₂₀₆substrate and the cleaved SNAP-25₁₉₇product, an aliquot from each harvested sample was analyzed by Western blot as described in Example I, except that the primary antibody used was a 1:100 dilution of the α-SNAP-25 monoclonal antibody-containing ascites and the secondary antibody used was a 1:20,000 of α-mouse IgG conjugated to Horseradish Peroxidase (Pierce Biotechnology, Rockford, Ill.). In addition, three commercially available mouse α-SNAP-25 monoclonal antibodies were tested. SMI-81 (Sternberger Monoclonals Inc., Lutherville, Md.), an α-SNAP-25 antibody the manufacturer indicates detects both the uncleaved SNAP-25₂₀₆substrate and the cleaved SNAP-25₁₉₇product, was used at a 15,000 dilution according to the manufacturer's recommendations. MC-6050 (Research & Diagnostic Antibodies, Las Vegas, Nev.), an α-SNAP-25 antibody the manufacturer indicates detects both the uncleaved SNAP-25₂₀₆substrate and the cleaved SNAP-25₁₉₇product, was used at a 1:100 dilution according to the manufacturer's recommendations. MC-6053 (Research & Diagnostic Antibodies, Las Vegas, Nev.), an α-SNAP-25 antibody the manufacturer indicates detects only the cleaved SNAP-25₁₉₇product, was used at a 1:100 dilution according to the manufacturer's recommendations.

Table 19 indicates the α-SNAP-25 antibody-containing ascites that detected only the SNAP-25₁₉₇cleavage product. The cell-based cleavage assay indicated that ascites produced from clones 1D3B8, 2C9B10, 2E2A6, 3C1A5, and 3C3E2 synthesize an α-SNAP-25 monoclonal antibody having high binding specificity for the SNAP-25₁₉₇cleavage product that allows for the selective recognition of this cleavage product relative to the SNAP-25₂₀₆uncleaved substrate. Commercial antibody SMI-81 detected the SNAP-25₂₀₆uncleaved substrate, but only poorly recognized the SNAP-25₁₉₇cleavage product (Table 19). Surprisingly, commercial antibody MC-6050 only detected the SNAP-25₂₀₆uncleaved substrate, and failed to recognize the SNAP-25₁₉₇cleavage product (Table 19). Even more surprisingly, commercial antibody MC-6050 only detected the SNAP-25₂₀₆uncleaved substrate, and failed to recognize the SNAP-25₁₉₇cleavage product, even though the manufacturer advertises that this antibody selectively detects the SNAP-25₁₉₇cleavage product (Table 19). Thus, this analysis indicates that while 1D3B8, 2C9B10, 2E2A6, 3C1A5, and 3C3E2 exhibit suitable selectivity for the SNAP-25₁₉₇cleavage product, 1G10A12 and 2F11B6 do not. In addition, commercial antibodies SMI-81, MC-6050 and MC-6053 all are unsuitable for the immuno-based methods disclosed in the present application because all failed to selectivity detect the SNAP-25₁₉₇cleavage product.

For immunocytochemistry analysis, binding specificity was determined by analyzing the ability of α-SNAP-25 antibody-containing ascites to detect the uncleaved SNAP-25₂₀₆substrate and the cleaved SNAP-25₁₉₇product by immunostaining. See e.g., Ester Fernandez-Salas et al., Plasma Membrane Localization Signals in the Light Chain of Botulinum Neurotoxin, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., U.S.A. 101(9): 3208-3213 (2004). A suitable density of PC12 cells were plated, grown, and transfected with either a transfection solution lacking the pQBI-25/GFP-BoNT/A-LC expression construct (untransfected cells) or a transfection solution containing the pQBI-25/GFP-BoNT/A-LC expression construct (transfected cells) as described above. The cells were washed in 1×PBS and fixed in 5 mL of PAF at room temperature for 30 minutes. Fixed cells were washed in phosphate buffered saline, incubated in 5 mL of 0.5% Triton® X-100 (polyethylene glycol octylphenol ether) in 1×PBS, washed in 1×PBS, and permeabilized in 5 mL of methanol at −20° C. for six minutes. Permeabilized cells were blocked in 5 mL of 100 mM glycine at room temperature for 30 minutes, washed in 1×PBS, and blocked in 5 mL of 0.5% BSA in 1×PBS at room temperature for 30 minutes. Blocked cells were washed in 1×PBS and incubated at room temperature for two hours in 0.5% BSA in 1×PBS containing a 1:10 dilution of an ascites from a clonal hybridoma cell line being tested. Primary antibody probed cells were washed three times for 5 minutes each time in 1×PBS. Washed cells were incubated at room temperature for 2 hours in 1×PBS containing a 1:200 dilution of goat polyclonal anti-mouse immunoglobulin G, heavy and light chains (IgG, H+L) antibody conjugated to ALEXA® FLUOR 568 (Invitrogen Inc., Carlsbad, Calif.) as a secondary antibody. Secondary antibody-probed cells were washed three times for 5 minutes each time in 1×PBS. Washed cells were prepared for microscopic examination by mounting in VECTASHIELD® Mounting Media (Vector Laboratories, Burlingame, Calif.) and coverslipped. Images of signal detection were obtained with a Leica confocal microscope using appropriate laser settings. Table 19 indicates that the α-SNAP-25 antibody-containing ascites that specifically detected the SNAP-25₁₉₇-cleavage product. The immunocytochemistry analysis indicated that ascites produced from clones 1D3B8, 2C9B10, 2E2A6, 3C1A5, and 3C3E2 synthesize an α-SNAP-25 monoclonal antibody having high binding specificity for the SNAP-25₁₉₇cleavage product that allows for the preferential recognition of this cleavage product relative to the SNAP-25₂₀₆uncleaved substrate.

For immunoprecipitation analysis, binding specificity was determined by analyzing the ability of Protein A (HiTrap™ Protein A HP Columns, GE Healthcare, Amersham, Piscataway, N.J.), purified α-SNAP-25 monoclonal antibodies to precipitate the uncleaved SNAP-25₂₀₆substrate and the cleaved SNAP-25₁₉₇product. See e.g., Chapter 8 Storing and Purifying Antibodies, pp. 309-311, Harlow & Lane, supra, 1998a. A suitable density of PC12 cells were plated, grown, and transfected with either a transfection solution containing a pQBI-25/GFP expression construct (control cells; SEQ ID NO: 53) or a transfection solution containing the pQBI-25/GFP-BoNT/A-LC expression construct (experimental cells) as described above. The pQBI-25/GFP expression construct comprises an expression vector whose promoter elements are functionally linked to a polynucleotide encoding GFP of SEQ ID NO: 54. After an overnight incubation, the cells were washed by aspirating the growth media and rinsing each well with 200 μL 1×PBS. To harvest the cells, the PBS was aspirated, the cells were lysed by adding an Immunoprecipitation Lysis Buffer comprising 50 mM HEPES, 150 mM NaCl, 1.5 mM MgCl₂, 1 mM EGDT, 10% glycerol, 1% Triton® X-100 (polyethylene glycol octylphenol ether) and a 1× COMPLETE™ Protease inhibitor cocktail (Roche Applied Biosciences, Indianapolis, Ind.) and incubating at 4° C. for one hour. The lysed cells were centrifuged at 3,000×g at 4° C. for 10 minutes to remove cellular debris and the supernatant transferred to a clean tube and diluted to a protein concentration of approximately 1 mg/mL. Approximately 5 μg of purified monoclonal antibody was added to 0.5 mL of diluted supernatant and incubated at 4° C. for two hours. After primary antibody incubation, approximately 50 μl of immobilized Protein G (Pierce Biotechnology, Rockford, Ill.) was added to the diluted supernatant and incubated at 4° C. for one hour. The incubated supernatant was washed three times for 30 minutes each time by adding 0.5 mL of Immunoprecipitation Lysis Buffer, centrifuging at 300×g at 4° C. for one minute to pellet the immobilized Protein G, and decanting the supernatant. After washing, the pellet was resuspended in 30 μL of 1×SDS Loading Buffer and the sample was heated to 95° C. for 5 minutes. To detect for the presence of both the uncleaved SNAP-25₂₀₆substrate and the cleaved SNAP-25₁₉₇product, an aliquot from each harvested sample was analyzed by Western blot as described in Example I, except that the primary antibody used was a 1:1,000 dilution of the α-SNAP-25 polyclonal antibody serum (see Example IV) and the secondary antibody used was a 1:20,000 of rabbit α-IgG Horseradish Peroxidase (Pierce Biotechnology, Rockford, Ill.). Table 19 indicates the α-SNAP-25 antibody-containing ascites that specifically pulled down the SNAP-25₁₉₇-cleavage product by immunoprecipitation analysis. The immunoprecipitation analysis indicated that ascites produced from clones 2E2A6 and 3C1A5 synthesize an α-SNAP-25 monoclonal antibody having high binding specificity for the SNAP-25₁₉₇cleavage product that allows for the preferential recognition of this cleavage product relative to the SNAP-25₂₀₆uncleaved substrate.

TABLE 19

Analysis of Clone Ascites Containing α-SNAP-25 Monoclonal Antibody

Cell-Based Assay
Immunocytochemistry
Immunoprecipitation

Clone
SNAP-25₁₉₇
SNAP-25₂₀₆
SNAP-25₁₉₇
SNAP-25₂₀₆
SNAP-25₁₉₇
SNAP-25₂₀₆

1D3B8
++
−
++
−
Not Tested
Not Tested

1G10A12
++
++
Not Tested
Not Tested
Not Tested
Not Tested

2C9B10
++
−
++
−
Not Tested
Not Tested

2E2A6
++
−
++
−
++
−

2F11B6
+
+
+
+
Not Tested
Not Tested

3C1A5
++
−
++
−
++
−

3C3E2
+
−
Not Tested
Not Tested
Not Tested
Not Tested

MC-6050
−
+
Not Tested
Not Tested
Not Tested
Not Tested

MC-6053
−
+
Not Tested
Not Tested
Not Tested
Not Tested

SMI-81
−/+
++
Not Tested
Not Tested
Not Tested
Not Tested

5. Evaluation of Binding Affinity of α-SNAP-25 Monoclonal Antibodies.

To determine the binding affinity of an α-SNAP-25 monoclonal antibody showing high binding specificity for either the SNAP-25₁₉₇cleavage product or the SNAP-25₂₀₆uncleaved substrate, binding affinity assays were performed on a BIACORE 3000 instrument using carboxymethyl dextran (CM5) sensor chips (BIAcore, Inc., Piscataway, N.J.). Runs were conducted at 25° C. with HBS-EP buffer comprising 10 mM HEPES (pH 7.4), 150 mM sodium chloride, 3 mM EDTA, 0.005% (v/v) surfactant P20 at a flow rate of 10 μl/min. SNAP-25 peptides comprising amino acids 134-197 of SEQ ID NO: 5 (SNAP-25_134-197) or amino acids 134-206 of SEQ ID NO: 5 (SNAP-25_134-206) were covalently attached to the surface of the CM5 sensor chips using standard amine coupling. Briefly, the CM5 chips were activated by a 7 minute injection of a mixture of 0.2 M 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide and 0.05 M N-hydroxysuccimide; the SNAP-25 peptides were then injected in 10 mM sodium acetate (pH 4.0) for 20 min at a flow rate of 10 μL/min; and unreacted succimide esters were blocked by a 7-min injection of 1 M ethanolamine hydrochloride, pH 8.5. The immobilized amount of SNAP-25_134-197or SNAP-25_134-206on the chip was reflected by a 100-150 increase in response units (about 0.10-0.15 ng/mm²). Antibody samples comprising either ascites or purified monoclonal antibodies produced from clones 1D3B8, 2C9B10, 2E2A6, 3C1A5, and 3C3E2, as well as, commercially available α-SNAP-25 antibodies were passed over the surface of the CM5 chips allowing an association time of 10 min and a dissociation time of 20 min. The surfaces were regenerated between runs by a 1 minute injection of 10 mM glycine-HCl (pH 2.5) at a flow rate of 15 μL/min. Sensorgram curves were fitted to a 1:1 kinetic binding model with the BIAevaluation 3.0 software.

The results indicate that both 2E2A6 and 3C1A5 were highly specific for cleaved SNAP-25₁₉₇product over SNAP-25 uncleaved substrate (Table 20). When compared to the binding affinities of MC-6050 and MC-6053, 1D3B6 had an approximately 10-fold higher equilibrium disassociation constant for the SNAP-25 cleavage product relative to these commercial antibodies (Table 20). Interestingly, 2E2A6 had only a slightly lower equilibrium disassociation constant for the SNAP-25 cleavage product relative to these commercial antibodies (0.405 nM versus 0.497 and 0.508) (Table 20). As neither of these commercial α-SNAP-25 antibodies selectively recognized the SNAP-25 cleavage product (Table 19), an equilibrium disassociation constant lower than about 0.5 nM appears, in part, critical to achieve such selectivity. Similarly, when compared to the binding affinities of MC-6050 and MC-6053, 2E2A6 had an about at least one-fold slower off rate/dissociation constant (6.74×10⁻⁵versus 8.82×10⁻⁴s⁻¹and 1.18×10⁻³s⁻¹) (Table 20). This further suggests that an off rate/dissociation constant lower than about 8.82×10⁻⁴appears, in part, critical to achieve selective binding for the SNAP-25 cleavage product. This result is consistent with 1D3B8, which had an off rate/dissociation constant of 5.78×10⁻⁵s⁻¹(Table 20).

TABLE 20

Analysis of Binding Affinity α-SNAP-25 Monoclonal Antibodies

SPR
1D3B8
2E2A6

Parameter
SNAP-25₁₉₇
SNAP-25₂₀₆^a
SNAP-25₁₉₇
SNAP-25₂₀₆^b

Ka (M⁻¹s⁻¹)
1.06 × 10⁶
—
1.70 × 10⁶
—

(1.66 × 10⁵)
(—)

Kd (s⁻¹)
5.78 × 10⁻⁵
—
1.53 × 10⁻⁴
—

(6.74 × 10⁻⁵)
(—)

KD (nM)
0.050
—
0.090
—

(0.405)
(—)

SPR
3C1A5
2C9B10

Parameter
SNAP-25₁₉₇
SNAP-25₂₀₆^c
SNAP-25₁₉₇
SNAP-25₂₀₆^d

Ka (M⁻¹s⁻¹)
2.17 × 10⁵
—
1.15 × 10⁴
—

Kd (s⁻¹)
2.88 × 10⁻⁴
—
3.11 × 10⁻⁴
—

KD (nM)
1.33
—
27.1
—

SPR
MC-6050
MC-6053

Parameter
SNAP-25₁₉₇
SNAP-25₂₀₆
SNAP-25₁₉₇
SNAP-25₂₀₆

Ka (M⁻¹s⁻¹)
1.78 × 10⁶
3.06 × 10²
2.32 × 10⁶
1.06 × 10²

Kd (s⁻¹)
8.82 × 10⁻⁴
6.07 × 10⁻³
1.18 × 10⁻³
2.56 × 10⁻⁵

KD (nM)
0.497
19,800
0.508
240

^aNo binding was observed when up to 125 nM of α-SNAP-25 monoclonal antibody 1D3B8 was passed over the surface of the CM5 sensor chip after a 10 minute association time.

^bNo binding was observed when up to 10 μM of α-SNAP-25 monoclonal antibody 2E2A6 was passed over the surface of the CM5 sensor chip after a 10 minute association time.

^cNo binding was observed when up to 100 nM of α-SNAP-25 monoclonal antibody 3C1A5 was passed over the surface of the CM5 sensor chip after a 10 minute association time.

^dNo binding was observed when up to 100 nM of α-SNAP-25 monoclonal antibody 2C9B10 was passed over the surface of the CM5 sensor chip after a 10 minute association time.

To compare the six different antibodies, the on-rate (ka) and off-rate (kd) for each was normalized using a program from the BIA evaluation 4.1 software. For comparison of the on-rates, the data were first individually trimmed by deleting the re-generation portion and the injection spikes, and then normalized to a 0 to 100 scale. For comparison of the off-rate, the data were normalized to the injection stop/top point. This analysis showed that 2C9B10 had a much slower on-rate than the other antibodies (FIG. 3A), and that MC-6053 has a much faster off-rate (dissociation) that the other antibodies (FIG. 3B). The fast off-rate of MC-6053 indicates that this antibody will not perform well in the methods disclosed in the present specification because this antibody will have difficulty staying bound to the substrate antigen during the washing steps.

6. Sequencing of the Epitope from Isolated α-SNAP-25 Monoclonal Antibodies.

To determine the epitope of an isolated α-SNAP-25 monoclonal antibody that can selectively bind to a SNAP-25 antigen having a carboxyl-terminus at the P₁residue of the BoNT/A cleavage site scissile bond, the polynucleotide molecule encoding the variable heavy (V_H) and variable light (V_L) chains of the α-SNAP-25 monoclonal antibody produced by hybridomas 1D3B8, 2C9B10, 2E2A6, 3C1A5 and 3C3E2 were sequenced. mRNA was extracted and purified from each hybridoma using standard protocols and reversed transcribed into cDNA using either an oligo dT anti-sense primer or a gene-specific (murine IgG1 CH and kappa CL) anti-sense primer. Specific murine and human constant domain primers were used to amplify the cDNA by PCR after cDNA production to determine the isotype of the antibody. Degenerate V_Hand V_Lprimers were used to amplify the variable domains from the cDNA. For 5′RACE, a homopolymeric dCTP tail was added to the 3′ end of the cDNA. The heavy and light chains were then amplified with an oligo dG sense primer and a gene specific (CH/KC) anti-sense primer. PCR products included the sequence of the signal peptide, variable domains and constant domains up to the anti-sense primer. The PCR products were gel purified to remove small fragments, and cloned into a blunt or TA vector for sequencing. Five independent clones for each chain were sequenced and alignments of V_Hand VL chains and consensus sequences were determined. Methods used to determine the V_Hand V_Lamino acid sequences are described in, e.g., Roger A. Sabbadini, et al., Novel Bioactive Lipid Derivatives and Methods of Making and Using Same, U.S. Patent Publication 2007/0281320; and Peter Amersdorfer, et al., Molecular Characterization of Murine Humoral Immune Response to Botulinum Neurotoxin Type A Binding Domain as Assessed by Using Phage Antibody Libraries, 65(9) Infect. Immun. 3743-3752, each of which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. In addition, commercial services are available to sequence the variable heavy (V_H) and variable light (V_L) chains of an antibody and identify the CDR regions, see, e.g., Fusion Antibodies Ltd., Northern Ireland.

The polynucleotide sequence comprising the V_Hand V_Lchains of the α-SNAP-25 monoclonal antibody produced by the hybridomas disclosed in the present specification is as follows: 1D3B8 V_H(SEQ ID NO: 71), 2C9B10 V_H(SEQ ID NO: 73), 2E2A6 V_H(SEQ ID NO: 75), 3C1A5 V_H(SEQ ID NO: 77), 3C3E2 V_Hvariant 1 (SEQ ID NO: 79), 3C3E2 V_Hvariant 2 (SEQ ID NO: 81), 3C3E2 V_Hvariant 3 (SEQ ID NO: 149), 1D3B8 V_L(SEQ ID NO: 83), 2C9B10 V_L(SEQ ID NO: 85), 2E2A6 V_L(SEQ ID NO: 87), 3C1A5 V_L(SEQ ID NO: 89), and 3C3E2 V_L(SEQ ID NO: 91). The amino acid sequence comprising the V_Hand V_Lchains of the α-SNAP-25 monoclonal antibody produced by the hybridomas disclosed in the present specification is as follows: 1D3B8 V_H(SEQ ID NO: 72), 2C9B10 V_H(SEQ ID NO: 74), 2E2A6 V_H(SEQ ID NO: 76), 3C1A5 V_H(SEQ ID NO: 78), 3C3E2 V_Hvariant 1 (SEQ ID NO: 80), 3C3E2 V_Hvariant 2 (SEQ ID NO: 82); 3C3E2 V_Hvariant 2 (SEQ ID NO: 150), 1D3B8 V_L(SEQ ID NO: 84), 2C9B10 V_L(SEQ ID NO: 86), 2E2A6 V_L(SEQ ID NO: 88), 3C1A5 V_L(SEQ ID NO: 90), and 3C3E2 V_L(SEQ ID NO: 92). The amino acid sequences comprising the V_Hand V_LCDR domains of the α-SNAP-25 monoclonal antibody produced by the hybridomas 1D3B8, 2C9B10, 2E2A6, 3C1A5, and 3C3E2 are given in Table 21.

TABLE 21

CDR Sequences of V_H and V_L domains from α-SNAP-25 Monoclonal Antibodies

SEQ

CDR
Sequence
Identified In
ID NO:

V_H CDR 1
TFTDHSIH
2E2A6
93

2C9B10

3C1A5

V_H CDR 1
TFTNYVIH
3C3E2
94

V_H CDR 1
IFTDHALH
1D3B8
95

V_H CDR 2
YIFPGNGNIEYNDKFKG
2E2A6
96

V_H CDR 2
YLFPGNGNFEYNEKFKG
2C9B10
97

3C1A5

V_H CDR 2
YINPYNDGSKYNEKFKG
3C3E2
98

V_H CDR 2
YIFPGNGNIEYNEKFKG
1D3B8
99

V_H CDR 3
KRMGY
2E2A6
100

3C1A5

V_H CDR 3
KKMDY
2C9B10
101

1D3B8

V_H CDR 3
ARMDY
3C3E2var1
102

V_H CDR 3
ARMGY
3C3E2var2
151

V_H CDR 3
ARHLANTYYYFDY
3C3E2var3
152

V_L CDR 1
RSSQSIVHSNGNTYLE
1D3B8
103

V_L CDR 1
RTTENIYSYFV
2C9B10
104

V_L CDR 1
KSSQSLLYTNGKTYLT
2E2A6
105

V_L CDR 1
KSSQSLLNTNGKTYLT
3C1A5
106

V_L CDR 1
RASQNIGNYLH
3C3E2
107

V_L CDR 2
KVSNRFS
1D3B8
108

V_L CDR 2
NAKSLAE
2C9B10
109

V_L CDR 2
LVSELDS
2E2A6
110

V_L CDR 2
LVSKLDS
3C1A5
111

V_L CDR 2
YASQSIS
3C3E2
112

V_L CDR 3
FQGSHVPPT
1D3B8
113

V_L CDR 3
QHHYGTPYT
2C9B10
114

V_L CDR 3
LQSAHFPFT
2E2A6
115

V_L CDR 3
LQSSHFPFT
3C1A5
116

V_L CDR 3
QQSDTWPLT
3C3E2
117

Non-limiting examples of amino acid sequences comprising V_HCDR domain variants of the α-SNAP-25 monoclonal antibody produced by the hybridomas disclosed in the present specification include V_HCDR1 variant SEQ ID NO: 118 for 1D3B8; V_HCDR1 variant SEQ ID NO: 119 for 2C9B10, 2E2A6 and 3C1A5 V_H; V_HCDR1 variant SEQ ID NO: 120 for 3C1A5 V_Hand 3C3E2 variant 3; V_HCDR2 variant SEQ ID NO: 121 for 1D3B8 and 2E2A6; V_HCDR2 variant SEQ ID NO: 122 for 2C9B10 and 3C1A5 V_H; V_HCDR2 variant SEQ ID NO: 123 for 3C1A5 V_Hand 3C3E2 variant 3; V_HCDR3 variant MDY for 1D3B8 and 2C9B10; V_HCDR3 variant MGY for 2E2A6 and 3C1A5 V_H; and V_HCDR3 variant SEQ ID NO: 124 for 3C1A5 V_Hand 3C3E2 variant 3. Non-limiting examples of amino acid sequences comprising V_LCDR domain variants of the α-SNAP-25 monoclonal antibody produced by the hybridomas disclosed in the present specification include V_LCDR1 variant SEQ ID NO: 125 for 1D3B8; V_LCDR1 variant SEQ ID NO: 126 for 2C9B10; V_LCDR1 variant SEQ ID NO: 127 for 2E2A6; V_LCDR1 variant SEQ ID NO: 128 for 3C1A5; V_LCDR1 variant SEQ ID NO: 129 for 3C3E2; V_LCDR2 variant KVS for 1D3B8; V_LCDR2 variant NAK for 2C9B10; V_LCDR2 variant LVS for 2E2A6; V_LCDR2 variant YAT for 3C1A5; and V_LCDR2 variant YAS for 3C3E2.

Example IX
Development of α-SNAP-25 Polyclonal Antibodies that Selectively Bind a SNAP-25 Epitope Having a Free Carboxyl-Terminus at the P₁Residue of the BoNT/A Cleavage Site Scissile Bond

The following example illustrates how to make α-SNAP-25 polyclonal antibodies that can selectively bind to a SNAP-25 epitope having a carboxyl-terminus at the P₁residue of the BoNT/A cleavage site scissile bond.

To develop α-SNAP-25 polyclonal antibodies that bind an epitope comprising a carboxyl-terminus at the P1 residue from the BoNT/A cleavage site scissile bond from a SNAP-25 cleavage product, the 10-residue peptide CGGGRIDEANQ (SEQ ID NO: 46) was designed as a SNAP-25 cleavage product antigen. This peptide comprising a N-terminal Cysteine residue for conjugation to KLH, a G-spacer flexible spacer (GGG) linked to amino acids 191-197 of human SNAP-25 (SEQ ID NO: 5) and has a carboxylated C-terminal glutamine. Blast searches revealed that this peptide has high homology only to SNAP-25 and almost no possible cross-reactivity with other proteins in neuronal cells. The sequence was also carefully scrutinized by utilizing computer algorithms to determine hydropathy index, protein surface probability, regions of flexibility, and favorable secondary structure, followed by proper orientation and presentation of the chosen peptide sequence. The peptide was synthesized and conjugated to Keyhole Limpet Hemocyanin (KLH) to increase immunogenicity. Before the animals were immunized, naïve rabbits were first screened against cell lysates from candidate cell lines in a Western blot in order to identify animals that had no immunoreactivity to the proteins present in the cell lysates. Two pre-screened rabbits were immunized with this peptide, and after three immunizations in about eight weeks, the rabbits were bled for testing. The blood was allowed to clot by incubating at 4° C. for 60 minutes. The clotted blood was centrifuged at 10,000×g at 4° C. for 10 minutes to pellet the cellular debris. The resulting serum sample was dispensed into 50 μL aliquots and stored at −20° C. until needed.

A similar strategy based on other SNAP-25 antigens disclosed in the present specification is used to develop α-SNAP-25 polyclonal antibodies that bind an epitope comprising a carboxyl-terminus at the P1 residue from the BoNT/A cleavage site scissile bond from a SNAP-25 cleavage product. For example, the SNAP-25 antigen of SEQ ID NO: 47 can be conjugated to KLH instead of the SNAP-25 antigen of SEQ ID NO: 46. As another example, the amino acids 191-197 of human SNAP-25 from the SNAP-25 antigen of SEQ ID NO: 38 can be replaced with SEQ ID NO: 33, SEQ ID NO: 34, SEQ ID NO: 35, SEQ ID NO: 36, SEQ ID NO: 37, SEQ ID NO: 39, SEQ ID NO: 40, SEQ ID NO: 41, SEQ ID NO: 42, SEQ ID NO: 43, or SEQ ID NO: 44.

2. Screening for the Presence of α-SNAP-25 Polyclonal Antibodies.

To determine the presence of α-SNAP-25 polyclonal antibodies that can selectively bind to a SNAP-25 antigen having a carboxyl-terminus at the P₁residue of the BoNT/A cleavage site scissile bond, comparative ELISA and cell-based cleavage assays were performed using the extracted rabbit serum as described in Example VIII. The serum from both rabbits contained α-SNAP-25 polyclonal antibodies that can selectively bind to a SNAP-25 antigen having a carboxyl-terminus at the P₁residue of the BoNT/A cleavage site scissile bond. The α-SNAP-25 rabbit polyclonal antibodies were designated as NTP 22 and NTP 23.

3. Purification of α-SNAP-25 Polyclonal Antibodies.

To purify α-SNAP-25 polyclonal antibodies that can selectively bind to a SNAP-25 antigen having a carboxyl-terminus at the P₁residue of the BoNT/A cleavage site scissile bond, NTP 22 and NTP 23 antibodies from rabbit serum were purified using affinity columns containing the SNAP-25 antigen of SEQ ID NO: 46.

4. Evaluation of binding specificity of α-SNAP-25 Polyclonal Antibodies.

To evaluate binding specificity of an α-SNAP-25 polyclonal antibody that can selectively bind to a SNAP-25 antigen having a carboxyl-terminus at the P₁residue of the BoNT/A cleavage site scissile bond, purified NTP 22 and NTP 23 α-SNAP-25 polyclonal antibodies were used to detect cleavage product using the cell-based activity assay, immunnocytochemistry and immunoprecipitation as described in Example VIII. The cell-based cleavage assay, immunocytochemistry analysis and immunoprecipitation analysis all indicated that NTP 22 and NTP 23 α-SNAP-25 polyclonal antibodies did not cross-react with uncleaved SNAP-25. Thus both NTP 22 and NTP 23 have high binding specificity for the SNAP-25₁₉₇cleavage product that allows for the preferential recognition of this cleavage product relative to the SNAP-25₂₀₆uncleaved substrate. Affinity for the antigens can be determined using SPR in the BiAcore as described in Example VIII.

Unless otherwise indicated, all numbers expressing quantities of ingredients, properties such as molecular weight, reaction conditions, and so forth used in the specification and claims are to be understood as being modified in all instances by the term “about.” Accordingly, unless indicated to the contrary, the numerical parameters set forth in the specification and attached claims are approximations that may vary depending upon the desired properties sought to be obtained by the present invention. At the very least, and not as an attempt to limit the application of the doctrine of equivalents to the scope of the claims, each numerical parameter should at least be construed in light of the number of reported significant digits and by applying ordinary rounding techniques. Notwithstanding that the numerical ranges and parameters setting forth the broad scope of the invention are approximations, the numerical values set forth in the specific examples are reported as precisely as possible. Any numerical value, however, inherently contains certain errors necessarily resulting from the standard deviation found in their respective testing measurements.

The terms “a,” “an,” “the” and similar referents used in the context of describing the invention (especially in the context of the following claims) are to be construed to cover both the singular and the plural, unless otherwise indicated herein or clearly contradicted by context. Recitation of ranges of values herein is merely intended to serve as a shorthand method of referring individually to each separate value falling within the range. Unless otherwise indicated herein, each individual value is incorporated into the specification as if it were individually recited herein. All methods described herein can be performed in any suitable order unless otherwise indicated herein or otherwise clearly contradicted by context. The use of any and all examples, or exemplary language (e.g., “such as”) provided herein is intended merely to better illuminate the invention and does not pose a limitation on the scope of the invention otherwise claimed. No language in the specification should be construed as indicating any non-claimed element essential to the practice of the invention.

Groupings of alternative elements or embodiments of the invention disclosed herein are not to be construed as limitations. Each group member may be referred to and claimed individually or in any combination with other members of the group or other elements found herein. It is anticipated that one or more members of a group may be included in, or deleted from, a group for reasons of convenience and/or patentability. When any such inclusion or deletion occurs, the specification is deemed to contain the group as modified thus fulfilling the written description of all Markush groups used in the appended claims.

Certain embodiments of this invention are described herein, including the best mode known to the inventors for carrying out the invention. Of course, variations on these described embodiments will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art upon reading the foregoing description. The inventor expects skilled artisans to employ such variations as appropriate, and the inventors intend for the invention to be practiced otherwise than specifically described herein. Accordingly, this invention includes all modifications and equivalents of the subject matter recited in the claims appended hereto as permitted by applicable law. Moreover, any combination of the above-described elements in all possible variations thereof is encompassed by the invention unless otherwise indicated herein or otherwise clearly contradicted by context.

Specific embodiments disclosed herein may be further limited in the claims using consisting of or consisting essentially of language. When used in the claims, whether as filed or added per amendment, the transition term “consisting of” excludes any element, step, or ingredient not specified in the claims. The transition term “consisting essentially of” limits the scope of a claim to the specified materials or steps and those that do not materially affect the basic and novel characteristic(s). Embodiments of the invention so claimed are inherently or expressly described and enabled herein.

Furthermore, numerous references have been made to patents and printed publications throughout this specification. Each of the above-cited references and printed publications are individually incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.

In closing, it is to be understood that the embodiments of the invention disclosed herein are illustrative of the principles of the present invention. Other modifications that may be employed are within the scope of the invention. Thus, by way of example, but not of limitation, alternative configurations of the present invention may be utilized in accordance with the teachings herein. Accordingly, the present invention is not limited to that precisely as shown and described.

Number	Name	Date	Kind
5962637	Shone et al.	Oct 1999	A
6043042	Shone et al.	Mar 2000	A
6337386	Shone et al.	Jan 2002	B1
7183066	Fernandez-Salas et al.	Feb 2007	B2
7208285	Steward	Apr 2007	B2
7332567	Steward	Feb 2008	B2
7399607	Williams	Jul 2008	B2
7598027	Fernandez-Salas et al.	Oct 2009	B2
7645570	Fernandez-Salas et al.	Jan 2010	B2
7846722	Williams	Dec 2010	B2
8124357	Fernandez-Salas et al.	Feb 2012	B2
20100233741	Wang	Sep 2010	A1
20120122128	Fernandez-Salas et al.	May 2012	A1

Number	Date	Country
WO 9533850	Dec 1995	WO
WO 2006042149	Apr 2006	WO

	Number	Date	Country
Parent	12722801	Mar 2010	US
Child	13339260		US

Cells useful for immuno-based botulinum toxin serotype A activity assays

Information

Patent Number

Date Filed

Date Issued

Inventors

Original Assignees

Examiners

Agents

CPC

US Classifications

Field of Search

US

International Classifications

Disclaimer

Abstract

Description

Claims

Parent Case Info

US Referenced Citations (13)

Foreign Referenced Citations (2)

Non-Patent Literature Citations (18)

Related Publications (1)

Provisional Applications (1)

Divisions (1)

Entry
Williamson, L.C., et al., Clostridial Neurotoxins and Substrate Proteolysis in Intact Neurons, J. Biol. Chem. 271(13) : 7694-7699 (1996).
Shimazaki, Y., et al., Phosphorylation of 25-kDa Synaptosome-Associated Protein, J. Biol. Chem. 271(24): 14548-14533 (1996).
Schulte-Baukloh, H., et al., Persistence of the Synaptosomal-Associated Protein-25 Cleavage Product After Intradetrusor Botulinum Toxin A Injections in Patients with Myelomeningocele Showing an Inadequate Response to Treatment, BJU Int. 100(5):1075-1080 (2007).
Rasooly R. and Do, P.M., Development of an In Vitro Assay as an Alternative to the Mouse Bioassay for Clostridium botulinum Neurotoxin Type A, App. Environ. Microbiol. 74(14): 4309-4313 (2008).
Nabokina, S., et al., Intracellular Location of SNAP-25 in Human Neutrophils, Biochem Biophys. Res. Comm. 239: 592-597 (1997).
Marini, P., et al., SiMa, a New Neuroblastoma Cell Line Combining Poor Prognostic Cytogenetic Markers with High Adrenergic Differentiation, Cancer Genet. Cytogenet. 112: 161-164 (1999).
Marconi, S., et al., A protein-chip Membrane-Capture Assay for Botulinum Neurotoxin Activity, Toxicol. App. Pharmacol. 233: 439-446 (2008).
Hallis, B., et al., Development of Novel Assays for Botulinum Type A and B Neurotoxins Based on Their Endopeptidase Activities, J. Clin. Microbiol 34(8): 1934-1938 (1996).
Jones R.G.A., et al., Development of Improved SNAP-25 Endopeptidase Immunoassays for Botulinum Type A and E Toxins, J. Immunol. Methods 329: 92-101 (2008).
Garcia-Rodriguez, C., et al., Molecular Evolution of Antibody Cross-Reactivity for Two Subtypes of Type A Botulinum Neurotoxin, Nature Bioltech 25(1): 107-116 (2007).
Foran, P., et al., Botulinum Neurotoxin C1 Cleaves Both Syntaxin and SNAP-25 in Intact and Permeabilized Chromaffin Cells: Correlation With Its Blockade of Catecholamine Release, Biochemistry 35: 2630-2636 (1996).
Boyd, R.S., et al., The Effect of Botulinum Neurotoxins on the Release of Insulin from the Insulinoma Cell Lines HIT-5 and RINm5F, J. Biol. Chem. 270(31): 18216-18218 (1995).
Amersdorfer, P., et al., Molecular Characterization of Murine Humoral Immune Response to Botulinum Neurotoxin Type A Binding Domain as Assessed by Using Phage Antibody Libraries, Infect. Immun. 65(9): 3743-3752 (1997).
Shih et al (Oncology Reports: 13: 517-524, 2005).
Mocellin et al (Ann Surg 2005, vol. 241, pp. 16-26).
Masumto, N.; et al.: Involvement of SNAP-25 in TRH-induced Exocytosis in Pituitary GH4CI Cells, Journal of Endocrinology, vol. 153, No. 1, 1997, pp. R5-Rl0.
Pellett, Sabine; et al.: A Neuronal Cell-Based Botulinum Neurotoxin Assay for Highly Sensitive and Specific Detection of Neutralizing Serum Antibodies., Febs Letters Oct. 16, 2007 LNKDPUBMED: 17889852, vol. 581, No. 25, pp. 4803-4808.
Yowler, Brian; et al.: Botulinum Neurotoxin A Activity is Dependent Upon the Presence of Specific Gangliosides in Neuroblastoma Cells Expressing Synaptotagmin 1., The Journal of Biological Chemistry Sep. 6, 2002, vol. 277, No. 36, pp. 32815-32819.