Patent Application
20180121867
An example embodiment relates generally to a central fill facility and an associated drug dispensing system and method and, more particularly, to a central fill facility and an associated drug dispensing system and method for dispensing drugs in a manner that permits drugs to be dispensed pursuant to a predefined program to be co-located with quantities of the same drug that are not to be dispensed pursuant to the predefined program.
A variety of different systems and facilities have been developed in order to efficiently and accurately dispense drugs or other medication. One example of a facility for dispensing medication is a central fill facility. A central fill facility may be operated by a pharmaceutical company, a drug distribution company or the like on behalf of a relatively large pharmacy or a pharmaceutical chain in order to efficiently receive, store and dispense many different medications for distribution to the respective pharmacies. Central fill facilities generally receive bulk quantities of medications, such as in bottles or other containers, to be dispensed in smaller quantities to patients. Thus, a central fill facility generally includes one or more dispensing stations for dispensing medication from the stock maintained by the central fill facility into smaller packages based upon a prescription submitted by the pharmacy. After having verified the accuracy of the dispensing operation, the package that includes the smaller quantity of medication may be shipped to the pharmacy or, in some instances, directly to the patient on behalf of the pharmacy. By filling the prescriptions for the pharmacy or the pharmaceutical chain at the central fill facility, however, the prescriptions may be filled in a more efficient manner and frequently in a more automated fashion then that otherwise provided at an on-site pharmacy location.
One type of medication that may be dispensed, such as at a central fill facility, is a medication that is eligible pursuant to a 340B drug discount program. The 340B drug discount program is a program created by the U.S. federal government that requires drug manufacturers to provide outpatient drugs to eligible health care organizations or covered entities at reduced prices. In a number of instances, one portion of a respective medication is eligible for dispensation pursuant to the 340B drug pricing program, while another portion of the same medication is ineligible for dispensation pursuant to the 340B drug pricing program and, instead, is to be dispensed and billed in a conventional manner, such as by being billed to the pharmacy at the time at which the medication is dispensed. Since the same medication is to be differently billed at the time of dispensing, it may be challenging or at least inefficient for medication dispensing systems, such as a central fill facility, to accurately account for the medication to be dispensed pursuant to a 340B drug pricing program.
In this regard, billing systems have been developed for medication to be dispensed and billed pursuant to the 340B medication dispensing program. At least some of these billing systems operate in a credit mode in which the covered entity is invoiced, the 340B eligible medication is virtually shipped to the pharmacy and the 340B eligible medication is then virtually returned by the pharmacy at a different cost, such as a retail cost. Even though the medication itself is not physically shipped and returned as part of this billing process, the virtual shipment and return are conducted in an effort to handle the different billing associated with a 340B eligible medication. However, this process is at least sometimes inefficient and undesirably consumes processing resources and memory space in order to track the invoicing and the virtual shipments and returns.
A central fill facility and a drug dispensing system and method are provided in accordance with an example embodiment in order to efficiently and accurately dispense a plurality of different drugs, including a drug for which some, but not all, is eligible to be dispensed pursuant to a predefined program, such as a drug discount program, e.g., a 340B drug pricing program. In this regard, the central fill facility as well as the associated drug dispensing system and method of an example embodiment are configured to prioritize the dispensing of the drug that is eligible for the predefined program relative to the dispensing of the same drug that is ineligible for predefined program. Further, the central fill facility as well as the medication dispensing system and method of an example embodiment differently bill upon the dispensing of the drug pursuant to the predefined program, such as a drug discount program, e.g., a 340B drug pricing program, such as by zero billing for the dispensing of the drug eligible for the predefined program, while billing in a more conventional fashion for the dispensing of the same drug that is ineligible for the predefined program.
In an example embodiment, a central fill facility is provided for filling prescriptions and dispensing drugs. The central fill facility includes a storage system configured to store a plurality of different drugs including a co-located inventory of a respective drug having both a first portion of the inventory of the respective drug to be dispensed pursuant to a predefined program, such as a drug discount program, e.g., a 340B drug pricing program, and a second portion of the inventory of the respective drug that is not to be dispensed pursuant to the predefined program. The central fill facility also includes the dispensing station configured to dispense drugs from the storage system into a respective package. The central fill facility further includes a transportation system comprising at least one of a conveyor belt or a robotic transport mechanism configured to receive the respective package from the dispensing station for transportation therefrom, such as by transporting a container into which the respective package is placed. Following receipt of the respective package from the transportation system, the central fill facility includes a verification station including an imaging system configured to capture and evaluate an image of the drugs dispensed into the respective package in order to verify an accuracy of the drugs dispensed in to the respective package prior to the shipment of the package. The central fill facility additionally includes dispensing control circuitry, such as a controller, configured to control the dispensing station so as to dispense the respective drug such that the first portion of the inventory of the respective drug to be dispensed pursuant to the predefined program is dispensed prior to dispensing the second portion of the inventory of the respective drug that is not to be dispensed pursuant to the predefined program.
The central fill facility of an example embodiment also includes a billing system configured to differently bill for dispensing of the respective drug depending upon whether the respective drug is dispensed pursuant to a 340B drug pricing program. In this regard, the billing system of an example embodiment is configured to zero bill for dispensing of the respective drug pursuant to the 340B drug pricing program. The storage system of an example embodiment is configured to receive the plurality of different drugs. In this regard, the first portion of the inventory of the respective drug to be dispensed pursuant to the 340B drug pricing program has been invoiced to a covered entity prior to receipt by the storage system.
In another example embodiment, a drug dispensing system is provided that includes a storage system configured to store a plurality of different drugs including a co-located inventory of a respective drug having both a first portion of the inventory of the respective drug to be dispensed pursuant to a predefined program, such as a drug discount program, e.g., a 340B drug pricing program, and a second portion of the inventory of the respective drug that is not to be dispensed pursuant to the predefined program. The drug dispensing system also includes the dispensing station configured to dispense drugs from the storage system into a respective package. The drug dispensing system additionally includes dispensing control circuitry, such as a controller, configured to control the dispensing station so as to dispense the respective drug such that the first portion of the inventory of the respective drug to be dispensed pursuant to the predefined program is dispensed prior to dispensing the second portion of the inventory of the respective drug that is not to be dispensed pursuant to the predefined program.
The drug dispensing system of an example embodiment also includes a billing system configured to differently bill for dispensing of the respective drug depending upon whether the respective drug is dispensed pursuant to a 340B drug pricing program. In this regard, the billing system of an example embodiment is configured to zero bill for dispensing of the respective drug pursuant to the 340B drug pricing program. The storage system of an example embodiment is configured to receive the plurality of different drugs. In this regard, the first portion of the inventory of the respective drug to be dispensed pursuant to the 340B drug pricing program has been invoiced to a covered entity prior to receipt by the storage system. The drug dispensing system of an example embodiment further includes a verification station configured to verify an accuracy of the drugs dispensed in to the respective package prior to the shipment of the package. For example, the verification system may include an imaging system configured to capture and evaluate an image of the drugs dispensed into the respective package in order to provide for verification. The drug dispensing system of an example embodiment is disposed within a central fill facility.
In a further example embodiment, a method for dispensing drugs is provided that includes storing a plurality of different drugs. The different drugs that are stored include a co-located inventory of a respective drug having both a first portion of the inventory of the respective drug to be dispensed pursuant to a predefined program, such as a drug discount program, e.g., a 340B drug pricing program, and a second portion of the inventory of the respective drug that is not to be dispensed pursuant to the predefined program. The method also includes dispensing drugs into a respective package. In this regard, the dispensing of the drugs includes controlling the dispensing of the drugs so as to dispense a respective drug such that the first portion of the inventory of the respective drug to be dispensed pursuant to the predefined program is dispensed prior to the dispensing the second portion of the inventory of the respective drug that is not to be dispensed pursuant to the predefined program. The method also includes verifying the accuracy of the drugs dispensed into the respective package prior to shipment of the package such as by capturing and evaluating an image of the drugs dispensed into the respective package.
The method of an example embodiment also includes differently billing for dispensing of the respective drug depending upon whether the respective drug is dispensed pursuant to a 340B drug pricing program. In this regard, the different billing includes zero billing for dispensing of the respective drug pursuant to the 340B drug pricing program. The method of an example embodiment also includes receiving a plurality of different drugs. The first portion of the inventory of the respective drug to be dispensed pursuant to the 340B drug pricing program has been invoiced to a covered entity prior to receipt by the storage system. In an example embodiment, the storing, dispensing and controlling are performed within a central fill facility.
Having thus described certain example embodiments of the invention in general terms, reference will now be made to the accompanying drawings, which are not necessarily drawn to scale, and wherein:
The present invention now will be described more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which some, but not all embodiments of the inventions are shown. Indeed, these inventions may be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein; rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will satisfy applicable legal requirements. Further, the apparatus and method of example embodiments of the present invention will be primarily described in conjunction with medical-imaging applications. It should be understood, however, that the apparatus and method may be utilized in conjunction with a variety of other applications, both in the medical industry and outside the medical industry. Like numbers refer to like elements throughout.
A central fill facility as well as a drug dispensing system and method associated therewith are provided in accordance with an example embodiment. The drug dispensing system may be employed in a variety of different settings. A central fill facility may be operated by a pharmaceutical company, a drug distribution company or the like on behalf of one or more pharmacies, pharmaceutical chains or the like. The central fill facility efficiently and accurately fills prescriptions submitted by the pharmacy or pharmaceutical chain for which the central fill is operated, frequently with a level of automation that exceeds that provided by a typical pharmacy so as to increase the efficiency and accuracy with which the prescriptions are filled. Although described herein in conjunction with a central fill facility for purposes of example but not of limitation, the drug dispensing system and method of other embodiments may be deployed in other types of facilities.
A variety of different drugs or other medications are dispensed by the drug dispensing system and method. At least one of the drugs is eligible to be dispensed and billed pursuant to a predefined program, such as a drug discount program. By way of example of a drug discount program, a 340B drug pricing program will be discussed herein. However, the drugs may be dispensed in accordance with other embodiments of the present invention pursuant to other types of drug discount programs that provide for reduced prices for some, but not necessarily all, of the dispensed drugs. The 340B drug pricing program is a drug discount program created by the U.S. federal government that requires drug manufacturers to provide outpatient drugs to eligible healthcare organizations, covered entities, etc. (hereinafter generally referenced as a “covered entity”) at reduced prices. The covered entities that are eligible for participation in the 340B drug pricing program as well as the patients that seek care from a covered entity that are eligible to receive outpatient prescription drugs at 340B discounted prices are defined by the federal legislation that established and implemented the 340B drug discount program. By way of example, covered entities include not-for-profit hospitals owned or operated by or under contract with a state or local government as well as certain federally qualified health centers.
In relation to the drugs received and stored by a drug dispensing system, such as a central fill, a pharmacy 10 submits prescription data to a third party processor, such as a pharmaceutical company 12, a drug distribution company or the like, as shown in
As described below and at the central fill facility, the drugs are dispensed from the bulk packaging in which the drugs were received from the pharmaceutical company 12, the drug distribution company or the like to smaller packages that fulfill individual prescriptions by respective patients of the pharmacy 10. As also described below, the drug that is eligible for the 340B drug pricing program is prioritized in terms of its dispensing such that the same drug that is eligible for the 340B drug pricing program is dispensed prior to dispensing of the same drug that is not eligible for the 340B drug pricing program. Upon dispensing the drug, the pharmaceutical company operating the drug dispensing system 20, such as the central fill, for the pharmacy then bills the pharmacy for all of the dispensed drug. For the drug that is dispensed that is eligible for the 340B drug pricing program, the pharmacy is billed in a different manner than the other drugs, such as by being zero billed for the drug that is eligible for the 340B drug pricing program (other than an optional fee allocated on a per prescription basis, e.g., X dollars per prescription, that is not dependent upon the price of the drug itself), since the covered entity has already been billed for the same drug. Thereafter, the packages into which the drugs have been dispensed are shipped, typically to the pharmacy.
As shown in
Among the drugs stored by the storage system 22 is at least one drug for which a portion of the drug is eligible pursuant to the 340B drug pricing program and another portion of the same drug is ineligible for the 340B drug pricing program. Thus, the storage system is configured to store co-located inventory of a respective drug having both a first portion of the inventory of the respective drug to be dispensed pursuant to the 340B drug pricing program and a second portion of the inventory of the respective drug that is not to be dispensed pursuant to the 340B drug pricing program. Typically, the storage system does not physically distinguish between the two different portions of the same drug and, instead, the drug dispensing system 20, such as dispensing control circuitry 32, e.g., a controller as described below, tracks the portion of the inventory of the respective drug that is to be dispensed pursuant to the 340B drug pricing program and the other portion of the drug that is not to be dispensed pursuant to the 340B drug pricing program. For example, the storage system may store 10 bottles of the same drug of the same size and of the same strength with each bottle including 300 pills. Of these bottles, four bottles are eligible to be dispensed pursuant to the 340B drug pricing program as a result of the submittal of prescription data by the pharmacy for which 1200 pills were deemed to be eligible for the 340B drug pricing program, while the other six bottles of pills are ineligible for the 340B drug pricing program.
For those drugs that are eligible to be dispensed pursuant to the 340B drug pricing program, the drug has been previously billed or invoiced to a covered entity prior to receipt by the storage system 22. However, the other drugs including the same drug that is ineligible for the 340B drug pricing program have not generally been billed or invoiced prior to receipt of the storage system. Thus, for the co-located inventory of the respective drug, the first portion of the respective drug that is eligible for the 340B drug pricing program is owned by the covered entity 14 and held by the pharmaceutical company 12 at the central fill on behalf of the covered entity, since the covered entity was invoiced for the 340B eligible drug at the time of shipment to the central fill. Conversely, the second portion of the respective drug that is ineligible for the 340B drug pricing program continues to be owned by the pharmaceutical company until the second portion of the drug is dispensed and shipped to the pharmacy 10, since neither the pharmacy nor any other entity, is invoiced for the 340B ineligible drug until the drug has been dispensed and at the time of shipment to the pharmacy.
The drug dispensing system 20 also includes a dispensing station 24 configured to dispense drugs from the storage system 12 into a respective package. As shown in
As shown in
In one embodiment, the controller may include a processor that communicates with other elements of the controller via a system interface or bus. The processor may be embodied in a number of different ways. For example, the processor may be embodied as a processing element, processing circuitry, a coprocessor, a controller or various other processing devices including integrated circuits such as, for example, an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field programmable gate array (FPGA), a hardware accelerator, and/or the like. In an example embodiment, the processor may be configured to execute instructions stored in memory or otherwise accessible to the processor. As such, whether configured by hardware or software methods, or by a combination thereof, the processor may represent an entity capable of performing operations according to embodiments of the present invention when configured accordingly.
The controller may further include a memory device, such as a non-transitory memory device, which may include both random access memory (RAM) and read only memory (ROM). The ROM may be used to store a basic input/output system (BIOS) containing the basic routines that help to transfer information to the different elements within the controller. A number of executable instructions, applications, scripts, program modules, and/or the like may be stored by the memory device. These executable instructions, applications, program modules, and/or the like may control certain aspects of the operation of the controller with the assistance of the processor and operating system. In addition to the program modules, the controller may store or be in communication with one or more databases.
Regardless of the manner in which the dispensing control circuitry 32, such as the controller, is embodied, the dispensing control circuitry is configured to control the dispensing station 24 so as to dispense the respective drug, that is, the drug for which some, but not all, is eligible to be dispensed and billed pursuant to the 340B drug pricing program, such that the first portion of the inventory of the respective drug to be dispensed pursuant to the 340B drug pricing program is dispensed prior to dispensing the second portion of the inventory of the same respective drug that is ineligible and therefore not to be dispensed pursuant to the 340B drug pricing program. In the foregoing example in which the storage system stored 10 bottles of a particular drug with each bottle including 300 pills and with four of the bottles eligible for the 340B drug pricing program and six of the bottles being ineligible for the 340B drug pricing program, in an instance in which the prescriptions to be filled by the drug dispensing system on behalf of the pharmacy equate to the dispensing of 1500 pills, the four bottles of pills that are eligible for the 340B drug pricing program would initially be dispensed with the pills repackaged into a plurality of typically smaller packages, each of which is associated with the fulfillment of an individual prescription, followed by the dispensing of one of the bottles of the pills that are ineligible for the 340B drug pricing program. As such, the dispensing of the drug that is eligible for the 340B drug pricing program is prioritized relative to the dispensing of the same drug that is ineligible for the 340B drug pricing program.
The drug dispensing system 20 further includes a verification station 30 downstream of the dispensing station 24 and configured to verify the accuracy of the drugs dispensed into the respective package prior to shipment of the package. The package into which the drugs are dispensed may be transported from the dispensing station to the verification station in various manners. In the embodiment illustrated in
The drug dispensing system 20 may also include a billing system 34 as shown in
In one embodiment, the billing system 34 may include a processor that communicates with other elements of the dispensing control circuitry 32, such as a controller, via a system interface or bus. The processor may be embodied in a number of different ways. For example, the processor may be embodied as a processing element, processing circuitry, a coprocessor, a controller or various other processing devices including integrated circuits such as, for example, an ASIC, an FPGA, a hardware accelerator, and/or the like. In an example embodiment, the processor may be configured to execute instructions stored in memory or otherwise accessible to the processor. As such, whether configured by hardware or software methods, or by a combination thereof, the processor may represent an entity capable of performing operations according to embodiments of the present invention when configured accordingly.
The billing system 34 may further include a memory device, such as a non-transitory memory device, which may include both RAM and ROM. The ROM may be used to store the BIOS containing the basic routines that help to transfer information to the different elements within the billing system. A number of executable instructions, applications, scripts, program modules, and/or the like may be stored by the memory device. These executable instructions, applications, program modules, and/or the like may control certain aspects of the operation of the billing system with the assistance of the processor and an operating system.
Regardless of the manner in which the billing system 34 is embodied, the billing system is generally configured to bill, e.g., issue an invoice to, the pharmacy upon dispensation of the drugs. However, the billing system of this example embodiment is configured to differently bill for the dispensing of the respective drug, that is, the drug for which a portion is eligible for the 340B drug pricing program, depending upon whether or not the respective drug is dispensed pursuant to the 340B drug pricing program. In this regard, the billing system is configured to bill a reduced amount (relative to the same drug that is not dispensed pursuant to the 340B drug pricing program). For example, the billing system of an example embodiment is configured to zero bill, that is, to issue an invoice for zero dollars (other than an optional fee allocated on a per prescription basis that is independent of the cost of the drug itself as noted above), for dispensing of the respective drug that is eligible pursuant to the 340B drug pricing program. Since the drug that is dispensed pursuant to the 340B drug pricing program was previously billed to the covered entity, the issuance of a bill for a reduced amount, such as a zero bill, avoids duplicate invoicing and payment for the same drug. However, for the dispensing of the same drug that is ineligible for the 340B drug pricing program, the billing system is generally configured to generate bills or invoices for the drug in a conventional manner, such as by billing the pharmacy for the cost of the drug that is dispensed, thereby generating a bill for an amount greater than the reduced amount charged for the same drug dispensed pursuant to the 340B drug pricing program.
In operation, a plurality of different drugs are stored, such as by the storage system 22. See block 40 of
As shown in block 42 of
As described above, a drug dispensing system 20 and method are therefore provided in order to efficiently and accurately dispense a plurality of different drugs, such as in a central fill facility, including a drug for which some, but not all, is eligible to be dispensed pursuant to a 340B drug pricing program. In this regard, the drug dispensing system and method are configured to prioritize the dispensing of the drug that is eligible for the 340B drug pricing program relative to the dispensing of the same drug that is ineligible for the 340B drug pricing program. Further, the drug dispensing system and method differently bill upon the dispensing of the drug pursuant to the 340B drug pricing program, such as by billing a reduced amount, such as by zero billing, for the dispensing of the drug eligible for the 340B drug pricing program, while billing a greater amount, such as by billing in a more conventional fashion for the dispensing of the same drug that is ineligible for the 340B drug pricing program. As such, the drug dispensing system and method permit 340B eligible drugs to be dispensed in an efficient manner that reduces the consumption of the processing resources and memory space otherwise expended to track the invoicing and the virtual shipments and returns of 340B eligible drugs.
As described above, aspects of the drug dispensing system 20, such as the control of the dispensation of the drugs, may be implemented by various means, such as hardware and/or a computer program product comprising one or more computer-readable mediums having computer readable program instructions stored thereon. For example, the control of the dispensing of the drugs by the dispensing control circuitry 32, such as the controller, described herein may be embodied by computer program instructions of a computer program product. In this regard, the computer program product(s) which embody the procedures described herein may be stored by one or more memory devices of a computing device and executed by a processor, of the computing device. In some embodiments, the computer program instructions comprising the computer program product(s) which embody the procedures described above may be stored by memory devices of a plurality of computing devices. As will be appreciated, any such computer program product may be loaded onto a computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a machine, such that the computer program product including the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus creates means for implementing the. Further, the computer program product may comprise one or more computer-readable memories on which the computer program instructions may be stored such that the one or more computer-readable memories can direct a computer or other programmable apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the computer program product comprises an article of manufacture which implements the control over the dispensing of the drugs. The computer program instructions of one or more computer program products may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable apparatus to cause a series of operations to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer-implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus implement the control over the dispensing of the drugs.
Blocks or steps of the flowchart of
The above described functions may be carried out in many ways. For example, any suitable means for carrying out each of the functions described above may be employed to carry out embodiments of the invention. In one embodiment, a suitably configured processor may provide for control over the dispensing of the drugs. In another embodiment, a computer program product may provide for control over the dispensing of the drugs and may include a computer-readable storage medium, such as the non-volatile storage medium, and computer-readable program code portions, such as a series of computer instructions, embodied in the computer-readable storage medium.
Many modifications and other embodiments of the inventions set forth herein will come to mind to one skilled in the art to which these inventions pertain having the benefit of the teachings presented in the foregoing descriptions and the associated drawings. Therefore, it is to be understood that the embodiments of the invention are not to be limited to the specific embodiments disclosed and that modifications and other embodiments are intended to be included within the scope of the appended claims. Moreover, although the foregoing descriptions and the associated drawings describe example embodiments in the context of certain example combinations of elements and/or functions, it should be appreciated that different combinations of elements and/or functions may be provided by alternative embodiments without departing from the scope of the appended claims. In this regard, for example, different combinations of elements and/or functions than those explicitly described above are also contemplated as may be set forth in some of the appended claims. Although specific terms are employed herein, they are used in a generic and descriptive sense only and not for purposes of limitation.
The present application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/415,942 filed Nov. 1, 2016, the contents of which are incorporated herein in their entirety.
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 62415942 | Nov 2016 | US |
