Patent Grant
11131319
The present disclosure relates to a centrifugal compressor.
As an example of a conventional centrifugal compressor, Patent Document 1 discloses a centrifugal compressor including multiple stages of impellers arranged in an axial direction and a plurality of diaphragms disposed on a radially outer side of the impellers.
This type of centrifugal compressor has a scroll flow passage communicating with a discharge port. The scroll flow passage generally has an inner peripheral wall formed by an outer peripheral surface of a diaphragm on the discharge side and an outer peripheral wall formed by an inner peripheral surface of an annular spacer disposed between the diaphragm and a diaphragm axially adjacent thereto.
Patent Document 1: 2016-180400A
Reducing fluid loss in a scroll flow passage is important for reducing loss in a compressor.
However, when an inner peripheral wall of the scroll flow passage is formed by a surface of a first diaphragm, and an outer peripheral wall of the scroll flow passage is formed by an inner peripheral surface of an annular spacer as in a conventional centrifugal compressor, it is difficult to ensure a sufficient flow passage area of the scroll flow passage while avoiding an increase in size of the compressor; friction loss is relatively increased with an increase in scroll cross-sectional flow rate.
In view of this, it is required to reduce more fluid loss in the scroll flow passage than ever.
In view of the above, an object of at least one embodiment of the present invention is to provide a centrifugal compressor whereby it is possible to reduce fluid loss in a scroll flow passage while avoiding an increase in size of a compressor.
(1) A centrifugal compressor according to at least one embodiment of the present invention comprises: a plurality of diaphragms including a first diaphragm and a second diaphragm which are adjacent to each other in an axial direction; a casing disposed on a radially outer side of the plurality of diaphragms and accommodating an internal component including the plurality of diaphragms; at least one axial spacer disposed between the first diaphragm and the second diaphragm; and a scroll flow passage formed by a scroll inner peripheral wall and a scroll outer peripheral wall, the scroll inner peripheral wall being formed by a surface of the first diaphragm positioned on a radially inner side of an outer peripheral surface of the first diaphragm, at least a part of the scroll outer peripheral wall being formed by an inner peripheral surface of the casing.
With the above configuration (1), since at least a part of the scroll outer peripheral wall is formed by the inner peripheral surface of the casing, it is possible to enlarge a scroll flow passage area and reduce a scroll cross-sectional flow rate without increasing the casing, and it is possible to reduce friction loss in the scroll flow passage. Thus, it is possible to reduce fluid loss in the scroll flow passage while suppressing an increase in size of the centrifugal compressor.
(2) In some embodiments, in the above configuration (1), the at least one axial spacer includes a plurality of axial spacers disposed in a circumferential direction on a radially inner side of the inner peripheral surface of the casing.
With the above configuration (2), since the multiple axial spacers are disposed, in the circumferential direction, between the first diaphragm and the second diaphragm, it is possible to ensure positioning of the first diaphragm in the axial direction, relative to the second diaphragm.
(3) In some embodiments, in the above configuration (2), each of the axial spacers has a spacer inner peripheral surface facing the scroll inner peripheral wall, the spacer inner peripheral surface includes: an upstream contour portion adjoining the inner peripheral surface of the casing; and a downstream contour portion positioned downstream of the upstream contour portion in a scroll flow and connected to the upstream contour portion at a point located on a radially innermost portion of the axial spacer, and the scroll outer peripheral wall is formed by the spacer inner peripheral surface of each of the axial spacers and the inner peripheral surface of the casing.
In the above configuration (3), the scroll outer peripheral wall is formed by the inner peripheral surface of the casing and the spacer inner peripheral surface including an upstream contour portion adjoining the inner peripheral surface of the casing and a downstream contour portion connected to the upstream contour portion at a point located on a radially innermost portion of the axial spacer. That is, the scroll outer peripheral wall is formed so that the inner peripheral surface of the casing and the inner peripheral surface of the axial spacer are connected. Thus, it is possible to suppress turbulence of fluid in the scroll flow passage, compared with a case where the inner peripheral surface of the casing and the surface of the axial spacer is not connected. Consequently, it is possible to effectively reduce fluid loss in the scroll flow passage.
(4) In some embodiments, in the above configuration (3), the upstream contour portion includes: a first curved surface curved radially outward; and a second curved surface positioned downstream of the first curved surface in the scroll flow and curved radially inward.
In the above configuration (4), the upstream contour portion forming the scroll outer peripheral wall includes a first curved surface curved radially outward and a second curved surface positioned downstream of the first curved surface in the scroll flow and curved radially inward. Accordingly, the inner peripheral surface of the casing and the spacer inner peripheral surface forming the scroll outer peripheral wall are smoothly connected via the first curved surface and the second curved surface. Thus, it is possible to more effectively suppress turbulence of fluid in the scroll flow passage. Consequently, it is possible to more effectively reduce fluid loss in the scroll flow passage.
In some embodiments, in the above configuration (3) or (4), the downstream contour portion includes a straight-line portion extending obliquely with respect to a circumferential direction and radially outward downstream in the scroll flow.
With the above configuration (5), since the downstream contour portion includes a straight-line portion which extends obliquely with respect to the circumferential direction and radially outward downstream in the scroll flow, processing and manufacturing of the axial spacer can be easily controlled, and it is possible to suppress turbulence of fluid in the scroll flow passage. Thus, it is possible to reduce fluid loss in the scroll flow passage while improving manufacturability of the centrifugal compressor.
(6) In some embodiments, in any one of the above configurations (1) to (5), the centrifugal compressor further comprises at least one bolt for connecting the first diaphragm and the second diaphragm, and each of the axial spacers includes a bolt insertion hole for the at least one bolt.
In the above configuration (6), the bolt for connecting the first diaphragm and the second diaphragm is inserted into the bolt insertion hole of the axial spacer. Thus, the bolt disposed on the radially inner side of the inner peripheral surface of the casing to connect the diaphragms is covered with the axial spacer without being exposed to the scroll flow passage. Accordingly, the bolt itself does not cause turbulence of fluid flowing in the scroll flow passage. Consequently, it is possible to effectively reduce fluid loss in the scroll flow passage.
(7) In some embodiments, in any one of the above configurations (1) to (6), each of the axial spacers includes: a first fitting portion fitted into a first recess provided in the first diaphragm at one end; and a second fitting portion fitted into a second recess provided in the second diaphragm at another end.
In the above configuration (7), each of the axial spacers includes a first fitting portion fitted into a first recess provided in the first diaphragm and a second fitting portion fitted into a second recess provided in the second diaphragm. This facilitates positioning of each axial spacer in the circumferential direction or the radial direction around the axis.
(8) In some embodiments, in any one of the above configurations (1) to (7), the inner peripheral surface, forming the scroll outer peripheral wall, of the casing has a cylindrical shape whose axis is a rotational center of the centrifugal compressor.
With the above configuration (8), since the inner peripheral surface of the casing, which forms the scroll outer peripheral wall, has a cylindrical shape whose axis is the rotational center of the centrifugal compressor, the scroll flow passage can be easily formed by using the cylindrical inner peripheral surface.
At least one embodiment of the present invention provides a centrifugal compressor whereby it is possible to reduce fluid loss in a scroll flow passage while avoiding an increase in size of a compressor.
Embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. It is intended, however, that unless particularly identified, dimensions, materials, shapes, relative positions and the like of components described in the embodiments shall be interpreted as illustrative only and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
Hereinafter, a multi-stage centrifugal compressor including multi-stage impellers will be described as an example of the centrifugal compressor.
As shown in
The casing 2 accommodates a plurality of diaphragms arranged in the axial direction. The diaphragms 10 are disposed so as to surround the impeller from the radially outer side. Additionally, casing heads 5, 6 are disposed on both axial sides of the diaphragms 10.
The rotor 7 is rotatably supported by radial bearings 20, 22 and a thrust bearing 24 so as to rotate around a rotational axis O.
The diaphragms 10 are one of internal components of the centrifugal compressor 1 accommodated in the casing 2. The internal components accommodated in the casing 2 also include, in addition to the diaphragms 10, the rotor 7 having impellers 8.
A first end of the casing 2 is provided with an intake port 16 through which a fluid enters from the outside, and a second end of the casing 2 is provided with a discharge port 18 for discharging the fluid compressed by the centrifugal compressor 1 to the outside. Inside the casing 2, a flow passage 9 is formed so as to connect the multi-stage impellers 8. The intake port 16 communicates with the discharge port 18 via the impellers 8 and the flow passage 9.
In the illustrated embodiment, the flow passage 9 inside the casing 2 is at least partially formed by the diaphragms 10.
As shown in
A fluid which enters into the centrifugal compressor 1 thorough the intake port 16 flows from upstream to downstream thorough the multi-stage impellers 8 and the flow passage 9. The fluid is compressed stepwise by centrifugal force of the impellers 8 when passing through the multi-stage impellers 8. The compressed fluid after passing through the last-stage impeller 8A disposed on the furthest downstream side among the multi-stage impellers 8 is discharged from the centrifugal compressor 1 through the scroll flow passage 30 and the discharge port 18.
A through portion of the casing head 5, 6, into which the shaft 4 is inserted, may be provided with a shaft seal device to prevent leakage of the fluid via the through portion. In the embodiment shown in
As shown in
In the embodiment shown in
In the embodiment shown in
In some embodiments, the first diaphragm 12 and the second diaphragm 14 may be connected by welding.
The diaphragms 10 other than the first diaphragm 12 and the second diaphragm 14 may be connected by welding.
The first diaphragm 12 has a first end surface 62 and a second end surface 64 which are opposite surfaces in the axial direction. The first end surface 62 is an end surface adjacent to the casing head 5 disposed on the discharge port 18 side. The second end surface 64 is an end surface adjacent to the second diaphragm 14. Additionally, a recess 65 recessed radially inward from an outer peripheral surface 11 of the first diaphragm 12 is formed in an axial position range between the first end surface 62 and the second end surface 64. The recess 65 has a pair of side surfaces 52, 54 along the radial direction and a bottom surface 13 along the circumferential direction. That is, the bottom surface 13 is a surface positioned on the radially inner side of the outer peripheral surface 11.
As shown in
Although details will be described below, in the illustrated embodiment, the scroll outer peripheral wall 30b is formed by the inner peripheral surface 3 of the casing 2 and an inner peripheral surface (spacer inner peripheral surface 40) of the axial spacer 32.
In the illustrated embodiment, the pair of side surfaces 52, 54 of the recess 65 of the first diaphragm 12 each forms a wall surface, along the radial direction, of the scroll flow passage 30.
In the conventional centrifugal compressor 101 shown in
The inner peripheral surface 104 of the annular spacer 102 is positioned on the relatively radially inner side, compared with the inner peripheral surface 3 or the like of the casing 2. Accordingly, when the scroll outer peripheral wall 30b is formed by the inner peripheral surface 104 of the annular spacer 102 as described above, the scroll outer peripheral wall 30b must be disposed on the relatively radially inner side. Therefore, it is difficult to ensure a sufficient flow passage area of the scroll flow passage 30 while avoiding an increase in size of the compressor, and friction loss is relatively increased with an increase in scroll cross-sectional flow rate.
By contrast, in the illustrative embodiment shown in
As shown in
Further, in the embodiment shown in
The axial spacer 32 is disposed between the first diaphragm 12 and the second diaphragm 14 in the axial direction; however, the axial spacer 32 is not necessarily exposed to the scroll flow passage 30.
For instance, in the illustrative embodiment shown in
In another embodiment, the axial spacer 32 may be disposed between an end surface of the first diaphragm 12 and an end surface of the second diaphragm 14 which are facing each other (i.e., the second end surface 64 of the first diaphragm 12 and the end surface 66 of the second diaphragm 14). That is, the axial spacer 32 may be disposed in a diffuser passage 56 positioned downstream of the last-stage impeller 8A. In this case, the axial spacer 32 is not exposed to the scroll flow passage 30.
The inner peripheral surface 3 of the casing 2, which forms the scroll outer peripheral wall 30b, may have a cylindrical shape whose axis coincides with the rotational center (rotational axis O) of the centrifugal compressor 1.
When the inner peripheral surface 3 of the casing 2, which forms the scroll outer peripheral wall 30b, has a cylindrical shape whose axis coincides with the rotational center of the centrifugal compressor 1, the scroll flow passage 30 can be easily formed by using the cylindrical inner peripheral surface 3.
That is, it is possible to form the scroll outer peripheral wall 30b by the simple cylindrical shape of inner peripheral surface 3 of the casing 2 while the scroll inner peripheral wall 30a is formed by the bottom surface 13 (surface) of the recess 65 of the first diaphragm 12. Consequently, it is possible to relatively easily form the scroll flow passage 30 without processing the casing 2 into a complicated flow passage shape.
Further, since the inner peripheral surface 3 of the casing 2, which forms the scroll outer peripheral wall 30b, has a cylindrical shape whose axis coincides with the rotational axis O of the centrifugal compressor 1 and thus is concentric with the rotor 7, the structure of the centrifugal compressor 1 can be simplified.
As shown in
As described above, the scroll outer peripheral wall 30b may be formed by the spacer inner peripheral surface 40 of the axial spacer 32 and the inner peripheral surface 3 of the casing 2.
In this case, in some embodiments, as shown in
In this case, since the scroll outer peripheral wall 30b is formed so that the inner peripheral surface 3 of the casing 2 and the spacer inner peripheral surface 40 of the axial spacer 32 are connected, it is possible to suppress turbulence of fluid in the scroll flow passage 30, compared with a case where the inner peripheral surface 3 of the casing 2 and the surface of the axial spacer 32 is not connected. Thus, it is possible to effectively reduce fluid loss in the scroll flow passage 30.
As shown in
In this case, the inner peripheral surface 3 of the casing 2 and the spacer inner peripheral surface 40 forming the scroll outer peripheral wall 30b are smoothly connected via the first curved surface 36 and the second curved surface 37. Thus, it is possible to more effectively suppress turbulence of fluid in the scroll flow passage 30. Consequently, it is possible to more effectively reduce fluid loss in the scroll flow passage.
Additionally, as shown in
In this case, since the downstream contour portion 39 includes a straight-line portion which extends obliquely with respect to the circumferential direction and radially outward downstream in the scroll flow, processing and manufacturing of the axial spacer 32 can be easily controlled, and it is possible to suppress turbulence of fluid in the scroll flow passage 30. Thus, it is possible to reduce fluid loss in the scroll flow passage 30 while improving manufacturability of the centrifugal compressor 1.
As described above, in some embodiments, the first diaphragm 12 and the second diaphragm 14 are connected with the bolt 34. In this case, for instance as shown in
In this case, the bolt 34 for connecting the first diaphragm 12 and the second diaphragm 14 is inserted into the bolt insertion hole 33 of the axial spacer 32. Thus, the bolt 34 disposed on the radially inner side of the inner peripheral surface 3 of the casing 2 to connect the diaphragms is covered with the axial spacer 32 without being exposed to the scroll flow passage 30. Accordingly, the bolt 34 itself does not cause turbulence of fluid flowing in the scroll flow passage 30. Thus, it is possible to effectively reduce fluid loss in the scroll flow passage 30.
In some embodiments, each of the axial spacers 32 may include fitting portions, on both axial ends, fitted into the first diaphragm 12 and the second diaphragm 14, respectively.
For instance, the axial spacer 32 shown in
In this case, each of the axial spacers 32 includes the first fitting portion 46 fitted into the first recess 41 provided in the first diaphragm 12 and the second fitting portion 48 fitted into the second recess 42 provided in the second diaphragm 14. This facilitates positioning of each axial spacer 32 in the circumferential direction or the radial direction around the axis.
In the radial cross-section shown in
In some embodiments, a distance D1 between the position of the point P3 and the position of the point P4 in the direction of the straight line L2 is more than zero.
Alternatively, in some embodiments, an angle A1 (see
In this case, it is possible to ensure a large flow passage area of the scroll flow passage 30 in the vicinity of the discharge port 18. Thus, it is possible to reduce fluid loss in the scroll flow passage while effectively suppressing an increase in size of the centrifugal compressor 1.
In some embodiments, a part of the scroll outer peripheral wall 30b is formed by the inner peripheral surface 3 of the casing 2, and another part of the scroll outer peripheral wall 30b is formed by the spacer inner peripheral surface 40 of at least one axial spacer 32. In the radial cross-section (e.g., cross-section shown in
In this case, since half or more than half part of the scroll outer peripheral wall 30b is formed by the inner peripheral surface 3 of the casing 2, a large flow passage area of the scroll flow passage 30 can be easily obtained. Thus, it is possible to reduce fluid loss in the scroll flow passage while effectively suppressing an increase in size of the centrifugal compressor 1.
Embodiments of the present invention were described in detail above, but the present invention is not limited thereto, and various amendments and modifications may be implemented.
Further, in the present specification, an expression of relative or absolute arrangement such as “in a direction”, “along a direction”, “parallel”, “orthogonal”, “centered”, “concentric” and “coaxial” shall not be construed as indicating only the arrangement in a strict literal sense, but also includes a state where the arrangement is relatively displaced by a tolerance, or by an angle or a distance whereby it is possible to achieve the same function.
For instance, an expression of an equal state such as “same” “equal” and “uniform” shall not be construed as indicating only the state in which the feature is strictly equal, but also includes a state in which there is a tolerance or a difference that can still achieve the same function.
Further, for instance, an expression of a shape such as a rectangular shape or a cylindrical shape shall not be construed as only the geometrically strict shape, but also includes a shape with unevenness or chamfered corners within the range in which the same effect can be achieved.
On the other hand, an expression such as “comprise”, “include”, “have”, “contain” and “constitute” are not intended to be exclusive of other components.
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