The present invention relates to a centrifugal separator for cleaning of crankcase gases from an internal combustion engine.
Crankcase gases from an internal combustion engine are ventilated from a crankcase of a relevant combustion engine. Crankcase gases may be dealt with in an environmentally friendly manner instead of being ventilated into the atmosphere. There are in some jurisdictions regulatory requirements that do not allow crankcase gases from certain types of combustion engines to be ventilated to the atmosphere.
Crankcase gases may comprise inter alia blow-by gases, oil, other liquid hydrocarbons, soot, and other solid combustion residues. In order to dispose of crankcase gases suitably, the gas is separated from oil, soot, and other residues. The separated gas may be led to an air intake of the combustion engine and the oil may be led back to an oil trough of the combustion engine, e.g. via an oil filter for removing soot and other solid residues from the oil.
U.S. Pat. No. 7,875,098 discloses a centrifugal separator for cleaning of crankcase gases. The centrifugal separator comprises a stationary casing defining an inner space, a spindle and a rotating member, which is attached to the spindle and arranged to rotate around an axis of rotation. The rotating member comprises a number of truncated conical separating discs which are provided in the inner space.
Separating discs, or separation discs, of a centrifugal separator are arranged in a disc stack with small interspaces between the separation discs. In the case of separation of crankcase gases, heavy constituents of the crankcase gases, such as oil and soot, are forced against inner surfaces of the separation discs and form droplets as they travel along the separation discs towards an outer periphery of the disc stack. The droplets are flung onto an inner wall of a housing of the centrifugal separator and are led out of the centrifugal separator via an oil outlet. The cleaned crankcase gases are led out of the centrifugal separator via a gas outlet.
The small interspaces between the separation discs in the disc stack of a centrifugal separator for crankcase gases may be blocked under certain circumstances, when a lot of soot and sticky particles is produced in a combustion engine e.g. due to high EGR (Exhaust Gas Recirculation) or due to a relevant combustion engine being worn. In particular, at the inner circumference of the separation discs, soot and/or other solid combustion residues may accumulate together with oil and/or other hydrocarbons. Entrance of the combustion gases into the interspaces between the separation discs in the disc stack thus, may be impeded. Accordingly, separation performance of the centrifugal separator may be reduced.
It is an object of the present invention to prevent accumulation of soot and other solid combustion residues at an inner circumference of separation discs of a centrifugal separator for cleaning crankcase gases.
According to an aspect of the invention, the object is achieved by a centrifugal separator configured for cleaning of crankcase gases from an internal combustion engine, the centrifugal separator comprising a stationary housing and a rotor rotatably arranged inside the stationary housing. The stationary housing comprises an inlet for crankcase gases, a gas outlet, and a liquid outlet. The rotor comprises a stack of separation discs, each separation disc of the stack of separation discs having a centre axis and a truncated conical shape comprising an inner surface and an outer surface. A circumferential inner end surface extends between the inner surface and the outer surface. The circumferential inner end surface of at least one separation disc of the stack of separation discs comprises a substantially flat first surface portion extending at an angle of at least 20 degrees to the centre axis.
Further, the stack of separation discs is arranged such that the circumferential inner end surface is upstream of the interspaces formed between the discs in the disc stack. This means that crankcase gas being fed to the separator meets the circumferential inner end surface before being led between the discs in the disc stack.
Since the first surface portion of the circumferential inner end surface of at least one separation disc extends at a surface angle of at least 20 degrees to the centre axis, a surface parallel with the centre axis, i.e. a surface perpendicular to the centrifugal forces acting on the crankcase gases in the centrifugal separator, is avoided.
Accordingly, soot and other solid combustion residues together with oil and/or other hydrocarbons will slide along the first surface portion into an adjacent separation disc interspace. As a result, the above mentioned object is achieved.
It has been found by the inventor that providing a circumferential inner end surface of a separation disc at an angle to the centre axis of the separation disc will prevent build-up of soot and other solid combustion residues on the inner end surface. Due to the angled inner end surface and the centrifugal force acting on the oil and other hydrocarbons mixed with the soot and other solid combustion residues, the oil and other hydrocarbons mixed with the soot and other solid combustion residues on the inner end surface will slide along the inner end surface into an interspace between the separation discs.
According to embodiments, the substantially flat first surface portion extends at an angle of at least 30 degrees to the centre axis, such as at an angle of at least 45 degrees to the centre axis, such as at an angle of at least 60 degrees to the centre axis, such as at an angle of at least 75 degrees to the centre axis.
The internal combustion engine may be configured for propelling a vehicle or may be a stationary combustion engine, for instance for driving a generator for generating electric energy. The centrifugal separator is configured to separate heavy constituents of the crankcase gases, such as oil, other hydrocarbons, soot, and other solid combustion residues from gases of the crankcase gases, such as combustions gases and air. Between the separation discs in the disc stack, interspaces are formed. The crankcase gases enter the interspaces from a central portion of the disc stack. As the rotor rotates with the disc stack, the heavy constituents are forced against the inner surfaces of the separation discs and travel, normally in the form of droplets, along the separation discs towards an outer periphery of the disc stack. From the disc stack the droplets are propelled against an inner wall of the stationary housing. The droplets accumulate on the inner wall and are led out of the centrifugal separator via the liquid outlet. The cleaned crankcase gases are led out of the centrifugal separator via the gas outlet.
According to embodiments, a cone angle of the at least one separation disc is defined between the centre axis and the inner surface of the at least one separation disc. The angle extending between the centre axis and the first surface portion may point in a direction opposite to the cone angle. In this manner the oil and other hydrocarbons mixed with the soot and other solid combustion residues on the inner end surface will slide along the inner end surface towards the outer surface of the at least one separation disc and into the interspace between the separation discs
According to embodiments, an edge having a maximum radius of 0.15 mm may be formed at a radially inner perimeter of the at least one separation disc at a transition between the first surface portion and the inner surface or the outer surface. In this manner any substantial surface portion at the inner periphery of the at least one separation disc extending in parallel with the centre axis may be avoided.
According to embodiments, the separation discs of the stack of separation discs may be manufactured from an injection mouldable plastic material. In this manner the separation discs may be cost efficiently produced by injection moulding.
According to embodiments, the at least one separation disc may comprise a circumferential outer end surface extending between the inner surface and the outer surface. The disc in the disc stack may be arranged such that the circumferential outer end surface is downstream and radially outside the circumferential inner end surface. The circumferential outer end surface may comprise a substantially flat second surface portion extending substantially in parallel with the centre axis. In this manner a larger disc area on the inner side of the at least one separation disc may be provided than if the outer end surface would extend substantially at a right angle to the centre axis. Thus, a larger separation area may be provided.
According to embodiments, the outer surface of the at least one separation disc may be provided with distance elements configured to abut against the inner surface of an adjacent separation disc and configured to provide a distance between the at least one separation disc and the adjacent separation disc in the stack of separation discs. In this manner consistent interspaces between adjacent separation discs may be provided.
According to embodiments, the centrifugal separator may be configured to lead crankcase gases from the inlet into a central portion of the rotor. In this manner the crankcase gases may be “pumped” from the central portion of the rotor into the interspaces between the separation discs in the stack of separation discs by the rotation of the rotor. Thus, the centrifugal separator may work according to the concurrent flow principle, in which the gas flows in the disc stack from a radial inner part to a radial outer part, which is opposite to a separator operating according to the counter-current flow principle, in which the gas is conducted into the centrifugal rotor at the periphery of the rotor and is led towards a central part of the rotor.
According to embodiments, the rotor may comprise a spindle, and the centrifugal separator may comprise a drive arrangement configured to rotate the spindle. In this manner the rotor may be rotated. Examples of a suitable drive arrangement are an electric motor, a pneumatic motor, a hydraulic motor, a turbine driven by crankcase gas, oil or other liquid, or a gear arrangement connected to a suitable rotating part such as a camshaft, a pump, or a fan.
Further features of, and advantages with, the present invention will become apparent when studying the appended claims and the following detailed description.
Various aspects of the invention, including its particular features and advantages, will be readily understood from the example embodiments discussed in the following detailed description and the accompanying drawings, in which:
Aspects of the present invention will now be described more fully. Like numbers refer to like elements throughout. Well-known functions or constructions will not necessarily be described in detail for brevity and/or clarity.
The rotor 4 comprises a stack of separation discs 5. Each separation disc 5 of the stack of separation discs has a centre axis x and a truncated conical shape comprising an inner surface and an outer surface, see below with reference to
The crankcase gases to be cleaned are fed into the centrifugal separator 20 through the inlet 13. The centrifugal separator 20 is configured to lead crankcase gases from the inlet 13 into a central portion of the rotor 4. From the central portion, the crankcase gases are led into interspaces between the separation discs 5. When the crankcase gases arrive in the inner space 2′ and is brought to rotate by the rotor 4, the heavy constituents will abut against the separation discs 5 and by means of the centrifugal force will be thrown from an outer periphery of the rotor 4 against the inner wall surface 1a of the stationary housing 1. The gas, which in such a way has been cleaned and thus been substantially completely relieved from the heavy constituents, is then conveyed downwardly in the inner space 2′ and out through the gas outlet 15. The heavy constituents flow on the inner wall surface 1a down into an annular collection groove 17 and out through the liquid outlet 16.
A circumferential inner end surface 26 extends between the inner surface 22 and the outer surface 24. The circumferential inner end surface (26) is upstream of the interspaces formed between the discs in the disc stack (5). The circumferential inner end surface 26 of at least one separation disc 5 of the stack of separation discs comprises a substantially flat first surface portion 28 extending at an angle α of at least 20 degrees to the centre axis x. Thus, the first surface portion 28 is not parallel with the centre axis x and thus, soot and other particles will not build up on the inner surface 26 since they will slide along the inner surface portion into the interspaces between the separation discs 5. The circumferential inner end surface 26 of each of the separation discs 5 of the stack of separation discs may comprise a substantially flat first surface portion 28 extending at an angle α of at least 20 degrees to the centre axis x.
A cone angle β of the at least one separation disc 5 is defined between the centre axis x and the inner surface 22 of the at least one separation disc 5. The angle α extending between the centre axis x and the first surface portion 28 points in a direction opposite to the cone angle β. In alternative embodiments the cone angle β may point in the same direction as the angle α extending between the centre axis x and the first surface portion 28. Obviously, in such embodiments the angle α has to be smaller than the cone angle β. In these embodiments the cone angle β is approximately 45 degrees. In alternative embodiments the cone angle β may be smaller or larger.
An edge 30 having a maximum radius of 0.15 mm is formed at a radially inner perimeter of the at least one separation disc 5 at a transition between the first surface portion 28 and the inner surface 22. In the alternative embodiments discussed above, with angles α, β pointing in the same direction, the edge 30 having a maximum radius of 0.15 mm is instead formed at a radially inner perimeter of the at least one separation disc 5 at a transition between the first surface portion 30 and the outer surface 24. The edge 30 may have a substantially smaller radius than 0.15 mm. The edge 30 may even be substantially sharp.
The at least one separation disc 5 comprise a circumferential outer end surface 32 extending between the inner surface 22 and the outer surface 24 of the at least one separation disc 5. The circumferential outer end surface 32 comprises a substantially flat second surface portion 34 extending substantially in parallel with the centre axis x. The circumferential outer end surface 26 of each of the separation discs 5 of the stack of separation discs may comprise a substantially flat second surface portion 34 extending substantially in parallel with the centre axis x. Besides the above discussed provision of a larger separation area, the substantially flat second surface portion 34 extending substantially in parallel with the centre axis x also provides advantages when producing separation discs 5 by injection moulding.
Accordingly, the separation discs 5 may be manufactured from an injection mouldable plastic material, such as Polyamid66 (PA66), polypropylene, or other suitable material. The separation discs 5 may comprise a fibrous material, such as glass fibre, in the plastic material. When manufacturing separation discs 5 by injection moulding, the plastic material is injected into a die formed by a female half and a male half. In order to ensure reliable production of separation discs, it is imperative that every moulded separation disc remains in the same half of the die when the two halves are separated. The substantially flat second surface portion 34 extending substantially in parallel with the centre axis x of a separation disc 5 is formed in the female half of the die. The extension of the second surface portion may ensure that each separation disc remains in the female half of the die, when the female and male halves of the die are separated.
The outer surface 24 of the at least one separation disc 5 is provided with distance elements 36 configured to abut against the inner surface 22 of an adjacent separation disc 5 in the disc stack. Each separation disc 5 in the stack of separation discs may be provided with such distance elements 36 (not shown in
The main differences with the embodiments of
In the embodiment of
In the embodiments of
This invention should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. A person skilled in the art will realize that different features of the embodiments disclosed herein may be combined to create embodiments other than those described herein, without departing from the scope of the present invention, as defined by the appended claims. The separation discs 5 alternatively, may be manufactured from sheet metal, such as aluminium.
Although the invention has been described with reference to example embodiments, many different alterations, modifications and the like will become apparent for those skilled in the art. Therefore, it is to be understood that the foregoing is illustrative of various example embodiments and that the invention is defined only by the appended claims.
As used herein, the term “comprising” or “comprises” is open-ended, and includes one or more stated features, elements, steps, components or functions but does not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, elements, steps, components, functions or groups thereof.
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14168110 | May 2014 | EP | regional |
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PCT/EP2015/058768 | 4/23/2015 | WO | 00 |
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WO2015/172990 | 11/19/2015 | WO | A |
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20170072409 A1 | Mar 2017 | US |