Certain benzoquinones, naphthoquinones and derivatives thereof which exhibit thromboxane A.sub.2 synthetase inhibition or receptor antagonism and the like

This invention relates to novel quinone derivatives each of which exerts two or more effects among thromboxane A.sub.2 synthetase inhibition, thromboxane A.sub.2 receptor antagonism, 5-lipoxygenase inhibition and scavenging action of active oxygen species, and is useful, based on the composite effects, for treatment and prevention of diseases due to dysfunction of heart, brain, lung and kidney. This invention also relates to the method of production of the said quinone derivatives, and pharmaceutical compositions containing such derivatives. This invention is useful in the field of medicine.
PRIOR ART
A number of reports have been published on specific inhibitors, antagonists, or scavengers for one of thromboxane A.sub.2 (hereinafter abbreviated as TXA.sub.2) synthetase, TXA.sub.2 receptor, 5-lipoxygenase and active oxygen species. However, no attempt has been made to design a compound having a composite pharmacological action consisting of two or more effects among TXA.sub.2 synthetase inhibition TXA.sub.2 receptor antagonism, 5-lipoxygenase inhibition and scavenging action of active oxygen species.
This invention offers novel quinone compounds exerting two or more effects among TXA.sub.2 synthetase inhibition, TXA.sub.2 receptor antagonism, 5-lipoxygenase inhibition, and scavenging action of active oxygen species.
This invention relates to
1. Quinone derivatives represented by the general formula ##STR5## (wherein, R.sup.1 and R.sup.2, which are the same or different, refer to a hydrogen atom, methyl or methoxy group, or R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 bind together to form --CH.dbd.CH--CH.dbd.CH--; R.sup.3 is a hydrogen atom or methyl group; R.sup.4 is a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic group which may be substituted; R.sup.5 is a hydrogen atom, methyl group, hydroxymethyl group which may be substituted, or carboxyl group which may be esterified or amidated; Z is ##STR6## --CH.dbd.CH--, ##STR7## or ##STR8## (wherein, R' is a hydrogen atom or methyl group); n is an integer from 0 through 12, m is an integer from 0 through 3, and k is an integer from 0 through 7, providing that, when m is 2 or 3, Z and k are able to vary appropriately in the repeating unit shown in [ ]), and the hydroquinone derivatives thereof,
(2) a method of production of quinone derivatives represented by the general formula (I) characterized by the reaction of a compound represented by the general formula ##STR9## (wherein, R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5, Z, k, m and n are the same as described above; R.sup.6 is a hydrogen atom, methyl, methoxymethyl, benzyl, or 2-tetrahydropyranyl group; R.sup.7 is a hydrogen atom, hydroxyl, methoxy, methoxymethyloxy, benzyloxy, or 2-tetrahydropyranyloxy group ) with an oxidant,
(3) a method of production of hydroquinone derivatives represented by the general formula ##STR10## (wherein, the symbols are the same as described above) characterized by the protective-group eliminating reaction of a compound having the general formula ##STR11## (wherein, R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5, Z, k, m, and n are the same as described above; R.sup.8 is methyl, methoxymethyl, benzyl, or 2-tetrahydropyranyl), and,
(4) pharmaceutical compositions containing, as the active ingredient, a quinone derivative represented by the general formula (I) or a hydroquinone derivative thereof.
The nitrogen-containing heterocyclic groups represented by R.sup.4 in the general formula (I) described above include 5- or 6-membered cyclic groups containing at least one nitrogen atom as the ring member atom, in the concrete, pyridyl groups (2-pyridyl, 3-pyridyl, 4-pyridyl), thiazolyl (2-thiazolyl, 4-thiazolyl, 5-thiazolyl), imidazolyl (1-imidazolyl, 2-imidazolyl, 4-imidazolyl, 5-imidazolyl), and quinolyl, among which 3-pyridyl, 5-thiazolyl and 1-imidazolyl are preferable, and 3-pyridyl is the most desirable. These nitrogen-containing heterocyclic groups may contain 1 to 3 substituents at a given position on the ring, and such substituents include alkyl groups having 1 to 3 carbon atoms such as methyl and ethyl, phenyl group, p-tolyl group, m-tolyl group, pyridyl group (2-pyridyl, 3-pyridyl), and 3-pyridylmethyl group.
The hydroxymethyl group represented by R.sup.5 may be substituted, including, in addition to the unsubstituted hydroxymethyl group, methoxymethyl, acetoxymethyl, nitroxymethyl, and carbamoyloxymethyl; the esterified carboxyl group includes alkoxycarbonyl groups having 2 to 5 carbons such as methoxycarbonyl, ethoxycarbonyl, propoxycarbonyl, and butoxycarbonyl. The amidated carboxyl group represented by R.sup.5 may be a substituted aminocarbonyl in which the amino group is substituted, or a cyclic aminocarbonyl. The substituents for the amino group in the substituted aminocarbonyl include alkyl having 1 to 4 carbon atoms such as methyl, ethyl, propyl and butyl, aryl having 6 to 10 carbon atoms such as phenyl and naphthyl (which may be substituted by hydroxyl, amino, nitro, halogen, methyl or methoxy at a given position of the ring), and the hydroxyl group; the amidated carboxyl groups are exemplified by aminocarbonyl, mono- or di-alkylaminocarbonyl having 2 to 4 carbon atoms (methylaminocarbonyl, ethylaminocarbonyl, isopropylaminocarbonyl, dimethylaminocarbonyl), phenylaminocarbonyl, substituted phenylaminocarbonyl (p-hydroxyphenylaminocarbonyl, p-methoxyphenylaminocarbonyl, m-chlorophenylaminocarbonyl), diphenylaminocarbonyl, hydroxyaminocarbonyl, N-hydroxy-N-methylaminocarbonyl, and N-hydroxy-N-phenylaminocarbonyl. The cyclic aminocabonyl includes morpholinocarbonyl and piperidinocarbonyl.
The quinone compounds represented by the general formula (I) and the hydroquinone derivatives thereof (IIb) may be the salts of inorganic acids such as hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, and phosphoric acid, or of organic acids such as methanesulfonic acid, toluenesulfonic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, and succinic acid.
The compounds represented by the general formula (I) of this invention are able to be produced by the reaction of a compound represented by the general formula (II) with an oxidant.
The kind of the oxidant used and the conditions of the oxidation of a compound represented by the general formula (II) vary according to the species of R.sup.6 and R.sup.7.
The compounds in which R.sup.6 and R.sup.7 are hydrogen atoms in the general formula (II), i.e. phenol compounds, are able to be easily converted into quinone compounds (I) by using a Fremy's salt as the oxidant. The amount of the Fremy's salt used is 2 to 4 moles per 1 mole of the compound (II), the solvent being preferably methanol, acetonitrile, ethanol, dioxane, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, or a aqueous solvent thereof. The reaction temperature is 10.degree.-80.degree. C. and the reaction time is usually about 2-10 hours.
The compounds in which R.sup.6 is a hydrogen atom and R.sup.7 is a hydroxyl group in the general formula (II), i.e. hydroquinone compounds, are able to be easily converted into quinone compounds (I) by using a mild oxidant such as air, oxygen, a Fremy's salt, ferric chloride, ferric sulfate, hydrogen peroxide and a peracid. Such reactions are usually conducted in the presence of a solvent, and such solvents include methanol, acetonitrile, dioxane, 1,2-dimethoxyethane and aqueous solvents consisting of the said organic solvents and water. When air or oxygen is used as the oxidant, the reaction is carried out at a neutral or weakly alkaline pH (pH 7.0-pH9.0). A buffer solution (e.g. phosphate buffer) is used to maintain the pH. The reaction temperature is -10.degree. C. to 30.degree. C., and the reaction time is usually within 2 hours. When the oxidant used is ferric chloride, ferric sulfate or a Fremy's salt, the amount of the oxidant used is preferably about 1 to 2 moles per 1 mole of the compound (II). The reaction temperature is -10.degree. C. to 30.degree. C., and the reaction time is usually within 1 hour.
The compound (II) in which R.sup.6 is methyl, methoxymethyl, benzyl, or 2-tetrahydropyranyl group, and R.sup.7 is methoxy, methoxymethyloxy, benzyloxy, or 2-tetrahydropyranyloxy group, i.e. hydroquinone diether compounds, are able to be easily converted into quinone compounds (I) by using silver oxide (AgO) or cerium(IV) ammonium nitrate (hereinafter abbreviated as CAN) as the oxidant. When silver oxide (AgO) is used the reaction is conducted in water or a aqueous organic solvent (e.g. dioxane, acetonitrile) in the presence of nitric acid at -10.degree. C. to 30.degree. C. When CAN is used as the oxidant, the reaction is conducted in a aqueous organic solvent (e.g. acetonitrile, methanol), especially aqueous acetonitrile, in the presence of CAN alone or CAN together with pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid N-oxide, pyridine-2,4,6-tricarboxylic acid or pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid or the like. The suitable mixing ratio of CAN and the pyridine carboxylic acid described above is usually about 1:1 (molar equivalent). The reaction temperature is about -5.degree. C. to about 30.degree. C.
The compounds in which R.sup.5 is carbamoyloxymethyl, hydroxyaminocarbonyl, N-substituted hydroxyaminocarbonyl, hydroxymethyl, carboxyl, alkoxycarbonyl, aminocarbonyl, or substituted aminocarbonyl group are derived from the compounds in which R.sup.5 is hydroxymethyl, carboxyl, alkoxycarbonyl, or acyloxymethyl group by the per se known reactions described below. ##STR12## (wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, n, m, k, and Z are the same as described above); R.sup.9 and R.sup.10 are C.sub.1-3 alkyl groups (e.g. methyl, ethyl, propyl); and R.sup.11 and R.sup.12 are hydrogen atoms, C.sub.1-7 lower alkyl groups (e.g. methyl, ethyl, propyl, i-propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl) or aryl groups (e.g. phenyl, naphthyl)].
The hydroquinone compounds represented by the general formula (IIb) are able to be produced by protective group removing reaction (acid hydrolysis) of a compound represented by the general formula (IIa). When R.sup.8 is a methyl group in the general formula (IIa), the acid catalyst is preferably hydrogen bromide and the solvent is preferably acetic acid or water. The reaction temperature is 60.degree. C.-120.degree. C., preferably about 80.degree. C. When R.sup.8 is a methoxymethyl group or 2-tetrahydropyranyloxy group in the general formula (IIa), the acid catalyst used is an organic or inorganic acid such as sulfuric acid, methanesulfonic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, and camphorsulfonic acid, and the solvent is methanol, ethanol, or an aqueous organic solvent (e.g. methanol, acetone, tetrahydrofuran, ether, acetonitrile). The reaction temperature is 20.degree.-80.degree. C., preferably 50.degree.-60.degree. C.
When R.sup.8 is a benzyl group, the compounds (IIb) are able to be produced by catalytic reduction by a usual method of a compound (IIa) in the presence of a catalyst such as palladium-carbon.
The compounds in which , in the general formula (I), n is 0, Z is --CH.dbd.CH--, k is an integer from 0 through 7, and m is 1, or the compounds in which n is an integer from 4 through 11 and m is 0, that is the compounds represented by the following formula ##STR13## [wherein, R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, and R.sup.5 are the same as described above, A refers to the formula --(CH.sub.2).sub.k'+4 (wherein k' is an integer from 0 through 5) or A-R.sup.5 refers to the formula --CH.dbd.CH--(CH.sub.2).sub.k'+2 -R.sup.5 (wherein k' and R.sup.5 are the same as described above)] are able to be produced by sulfur eliminating reduction of a compound represented by the general formula ##STR14## (wherein, the symbols are the same as described above), followed by oxidation of the products.
The sulfur eliminating reduction of a compound represented by the general formula (Ib) is conducted by using Raney nickel. The reaction is conducted in a solvent such as methanol, ethanol and ethyl acetate, in the presence of about 10 to 20 times by weight of Raney nickel when hydrogen gas is not used, and at a temperature in the range from the room temperature to 100.degree. C. Five to 10 times by weight of Raney nickel is used when hydrogen gas is present and a pressure of 5-200 atm is applied. The compounds produced by the sulfur eliminating reduction are hydroquinone derivatives, and therefore are converted into quinone compounds (Ia) by oxidation with ferric chloride or air as required.
The quinone compounds (I) and the hydroquinone derivatives thereof (IIb) thus produced are able to be isolated by the per se known methods for isolation and purification (e.g. chromatography, crystallization).
The quinone compounds (I) and the hydroquinone derivatives thereof (IIb) of this invention can be converted from one to the other by chemical or biochemical oxidation or reduction of the quinone nucleus or the hydroquinone nucleus of the compounds. In general, hydroquinone derivatives (IIb) are susceptible to oxidation with oxygen, air or the like, and therefore usually treated as the corresponding stable quinone compounds (I). Because hydroquinone compounds (IIb) and quinone compounds (I) are easily converted from one to the other by chemical or biochemical oxidation-reduction, the quinone compounds (I) and the hydroquinone derivatives (IIb) are considered to have equivalent properties when the compounds exert their pharmaceutical actions under physiological conditions.
The quinone compounds (I) are able to be easily converted into the hydroquinone compounds (IIb) by a per se known method using a mild reductant such as sodium hydrosulfite, sodium hydrogen sulfite and sodium borohydride, or by catalytic reduction in the presence of platinum oxide, or palladium-carbon.
Some quinone compounds (I) and (IIb) have structurally an asymmetric center at the alpha (.alpha.) carbon on the side chain of the quinone or hydroquinone nucleus, and such compounds are optically active. This implies that the compounds (I) and (IIb) of this invention include optically active compounds as well as racemic compounds.
Each of the compound (I) and (IIb) of this invention exert improvement effect of metabolism of polycarboxylic unsaturated fatty acids (linoleic acid, .gamma.-linolenic acid, .alpha.-linolenic acid, arachidonic acid, dihomo-.gamma.-linolenic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid), among the effect particularly two to more of inhibition of production of fatty acid peroxide (antioxidation), inhibition of production of metabolites by 5-lipoxygenase system (e.g. leucotrienes, 5-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid, 5-peroxyeicosatetraenoic acid, lipoxines), inhibition of thromboxane A.sub.2 synthetase, thoromboxane A.sub.2 receptor antagonism, and scavenging action of active oxygen species, and have very little toxicity and very few side effects. Therefore the compounds (I) and (IIb) are expected to be useful for treatment and prevention of diseases in mammals (mouse, rat, rabbit, dog, monkey, human, etc.), such as thrombosis, ischemic diseases (e.g. myocardial infarction, cerebral stroke) due to contraction or twitch of arterial smooth muscle in heart, lung, brain and kidney, nephritis, pulmonary failure, bronchial asthma, psoriasis, inflammation, immediate allergy, arteriosclerosis, atherosclerosis, fatty liver, hepatitis, cirrhosis of the liver, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, immunodeficiency, diseases of cardiovascular system (myocardial infarction, cerebral stroke, nephritis, etc) due to disorder of tissues, enzymes, and cells caused by active oxygen species (superoxides, hydroxide radicals, lipid peroxides, etc), and cancer, being useful as medicines such as antithrombotics, anti-vascular constriction agents, anti-asthma agent, antiallergic agents, therapeutics for psoriasis, agents for improvement of heart, brain and cardiovascular system, therapeutics for nephritis, active oxygen-eliminating agents, anticancer agents, agents for improvement of control of arachidonate cascade products, etc.
Because the compounds of this invention have low toxicity, the compounds as they are or as pharmaceutical compositions produced by mixing with a per se known, pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or excipient or the like [e.g. tablets, capsules(including soft capsules and microcapsules), liquid preparations, injections, suppositories] are able to be given safely orally or parenterally. The dose varies according to the subjects to be treated, the route of administration, symptoms, etc. For example, when given orally to an adult patient with thrombosis, the unit dose is usually about 0.1 mg/kg-20 mg/kg body weight, preferably about 0.2 mg/kg-10 mg/kg body weight which is desirably given about 1-3 times a day.
The compounds (II) are able to be produced by one of the following methods.
The compounds represented by the general formula (IIb) described above are able to be produced by condensation of a hydroquinone compound represented by the general formula ##STR15## (wherein, R.sup.1 is the same as described above) with a compound represented by the general formula ##STR16## (wherein, k, m, n, R.sup.5 and Z are the same as described above, and X is hydroxyl or acetoxy group) in the presence of an acidic catalyst. The said acidic condensation is carried out without solvent or in an organic solvent, in the presence of concentrated sulfuric acid, trifluoromethylsulfonic acid, or fluorosulfonic acid in the atmosphere of nitrogen or argon gas. The reaction solvents include methylene chloride, 1,2-dichloroethane, benzene, and toluene. The reaction temperature is 30.degree.-100.degree. C., preferably 60.degree.-90.degree. C. The amount of the catalyst is 1.2-5 mole equivalents, preferably 2-3 times moles.
Among the compounds represented by the general formula (II), the compounds in which R.sup.6 is methyl and R.sup.7 is methoxy group are able to be synthesized, for example, by the procedure described below. ##STR17## (wherein, R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and n are the same as described above; R.sup.13 is a hydrogen atom, methyl group or hydroxyl group which may be substituted; R.sup.14 is a hydrogen atom, methyl group, hydroxyl group which may be substituted, or carboxyl group which may be substituted).
That is, an intermediate (VI) is able to be produced by the reaction of a pyridylketone derivative (V) with a compound represented by the general formula ##STR18## (wherein, R.sup.1, R.sup.2, and R.sup.3 are the same as described above, and Y is Li or MgBr). This condensation can be carried out in anhydrous diethyl ether or anhydrous tetrahydrofuran, in the atmosphere of nitrogen or argon at -80.degree.-20.degree. C. Dehydration proceeds when the said intermediate (VI) is allowed to react in the presence of an acid catalyst (e.g. concentrated sulfuric acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid) in an organic solvent (e.g. acetic acid, methylene chloride, 1,2-dichloroethane) at 10.degree.-100.degree. C. for 1-3 hours, to give an olefin compound (VII). The said olefin compound (VII) is subjected to catalytic reduction in an organic solvent (e.g. acetic acid, ethanol, ethyl acetate) in the presence of a catalyst (e.g. palladium-carbon, palladium black), to give a compound (VIII). The compound (VIII) is able to be converted into a carboxylic acid derivative (IIc) by a routine method.
Among the compounds represented by the general formula (II), the compounds represented by the following formulas (IId and IIe) are able to be produced also by the following procedure. ##STR19## (wherein, R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are the same as described above).
That is, reaction of the bromide derivative (X) with 2-, 3-, or 4-pyridyl lithium in an anhydrous solvent (e.g. tetrahydrofuran, diethyl ether) in the atmosphere of an inert gas (e.g. nitrogen gas, argon, helium), to give a compound (IId). The imidazolyl derivative (IIe) is able to be produced by the reaction of the bromide derivative (X) with imidazole in the presence of an acid-binding agent (e.g. triethylamine, sodium hydride) in dimethylformamide or dimethylsulfoxide.
The novel quinone derivatives of this invention are effective in improvement of metabolism of poly-unsaturated fatty acids, particularly control of biosynthesis of arachidonate cascade products (inhibition of 5-lipoxygenase, inhibition of TXA.sub.2 synthetase, TXA.sub.2 receptor antagonism) and active oxygen species elimination, and useful as medicines for improvement of dysfunction and circulatory systems in heart, brain, lung and kidney, as antiasthma agents, as antiallergic agents, etc.

EXAMPLE 1
(Compound No. 1)
To a solution of 4.0 g (32.5 mmol) of 1-(3-pyridyl)ethanol in 25 ml of dichloroethane, 4.96 g (32.6 mmol) of 2,3,5-trimethylhydroquinone and 4.5 ml (50.9 mmol) of trifluoromethanesulfonic acid were added and refluxed by heating for 20 hours in argon atomosphere. After cooling, ice water was added, washed with ethyl acetate to eliminate neutral substances, and made weakly alkaline with a saturated solution of sodium hydrogen carbonate. The resultant substance was extracted with ethyl acetate, and the extract was washed with water, dried, oxidized with air and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified with silica gel column chromatography (isopropyl ether-ethyl acetate (1:2)), to give 5.1 g of 3,5,6-trimethyl-2-[1-(3-pyridyl)ethyl]-1,4-benzoquinone (yield 61%). Physical data of this compound are shown in Table 1.
EXAMPLE 2
(Compound No. 2)
To a solution of 1.0 g (5.4 mmol) of phenyl-(3-pyridyl) methanol and 823 mg (5.4 mmol) of 2,3,5-trimethylhydroquinone in 15 ml of dichloroethane, 0.5 ml (9.4 mmol) of concentrated sulfuric acid was added, and refluxed by heating for 2 hours. The reaction mixture was made weakly alkaline with a saturated aqueous solution of sodium hydrogen carbonate, from which the organic phase was separated while the aqueous phase was extracted with chloroform and the extract was combined with the organic phase. The organic phase was washed with water, dried, and oxidized with air, from which the solvent was evaporated off. The residue was purified with silica gel column chromatography (isopropyl ether-ethyl acetate (1:1)), to give 1.25 g (72.7%) of 3,5,6-trimethyl-2-[phenyl-(3-pyridyl)methyl]-1,4-benzoquinone. The physical data are shown in Table 1.
EXAMPLE 3
(Compound No. 3)
To a solution of 1.0 g (3.36 mmol) of ethyl 4-[hydroxy-(3-pyridyl)]methyl-.alpha.-methylcinnamate in 10 ml of dichloroethane, 514 mg (3.38 mmol) of 2,3,5-trimethylhydroquinone and 0.28 ml (5.26 mmol) of concentrated sulfuric acid were added and refluxed by heating for 2 hours. The reaction mixture was made weakly alkaline with a saturated solution of sodium hydrogen carbonate, and the organic phase was separated while the aqueous phase was extracted with chloroform and the extract was combined with the organic phase. The organic phase was oxidized with ferric chloride, washed with water, dried, and concentrated. The residue was purified with silica gel column chromatography (isopropyl ether-acetic ester (1:1)), to give 1.2 g (yield 82.7%) of ethyl 4-[3,5,6-trimethyl-1,4-benzoquinon -2-yl(3-pyridyl)methyl]-.alpha.-methylcinnamate. The physical data are shown in Table 1.
EXAMPLE 4
(Compound No. 4)
4-[3,5,6-trimethyl-1,4-benzoquinon-2-yl-(3-pyridyl)methyl]-.alpha.-methylcinnamic acid, 0.7 g (1.75 mmol), was hydrogenated with 0.2 g of 5% Pd-carbon in 6 ml of acetic acid (the reaction completed in about 2 hours). The catalyst was filtered off, and the filtrate was concentrated, to which water was added and neutralized with a saturated aqueous solution of sodium hydrogen carbonate. The resultant substance was extracted with ethyl acetate, and oxidized by shaking with an aqueous solution of ferric chloride. After the organic phase was washed with water and dried, the solvent was evaporated off and the residue was purified with silica gel column chromatography (ethyl acetate-ethanol (9:1)) and recrystallized from ethyl acetate, to give 0.3 g (44.2%) of 3-(4-[3,5,6-trimethyl-1,4-benzoquinon-2-yl-(3-pyridyl)methyl]phenyl)propionic acid. The physical data are shown in Table 1.
In a similar way, Compound No. 13 and Compound No. 16 were prepared. The physical data are shown in Table 2-1.
EXAMPLE 5
(Compound No. 5)
Ethyl 4-[3,5,6-trimethyl-1,4-benzoquinon-2-yl-(3-pyridyl)methyl]-.alpha.-methylcinnamate, 1.2 g (2.8 mmol), was dissolved in 20 ml of concentrated hydrochloric acid, and refluxed by heating for 2 hours. After cooling, the reaction mixture was neutralized with a saturated aqueous solution of sodium hydrogen carbonate, and the resulting substance was extracted with ethyl acetate. The extract was washed with water and dried, and the solvent was evaporated off. The residue was purified with silica gel column chromatography (ethyl acetate-ethanol(9:1)), and recrystallized from ethyl acetate, to give 0.96 g (85.6%) of 4-[3,5,6-trimethyl-1,4-benzoquinon-2-yl(3-pyridyl)methyl]-.alpha.-methylcinnamic acid. The physical data are shown in Table 1.
EXAMPLE 6
(Compound No. 6)
The solution of 400 mg (1.12 mmol) of 5-(2,5-dimethoxy-3,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-5-(3-pyridyl)pentanoic acid in 8 ml of acetonitrile-water (1:1) was cooled to 0.degree. C., to which the solution of 1.55 g (2.82 mmol) of cerium ammonium nitrate in 6 ml of acetonitrile-water (1:1) was added with stirring. The reaction mixture was stirred for 30 minutes, neutralized with sodium hydrogen carbonate, and extracted with ethyl acetate. The extract was washed with water and dried, and the solvent was evaporated off. The residue was purified with silica gel column (ethyl acetate), and recrystallized from ethanol, to give 200 mg (54.3%) of 5-(3,5,6-trimethyl-1,4-benzoquinon -2-yl)-5-(3-pyridyl)pentanoic acid.
According to the methods described in the Example, Compounds No. 7 to No. 15, Compounds No. 19 and No. 21 were prepared. The data of these compounds are shown in Table 2-1 or Table 2-2.
EXAMPLE 7
(Compound No. 16)
To a solution of 1.1 g (3.09 mmol) of 1-(3,6-dimethoxy-2,4,5-trimethylphenyl)-1-(3-pyridyl)heptane in 20 ml of acetonitrile-water (1:1), the solution of 4.5 g (8.2 mmol) of cerium ammonium nitrate (CAN) in 15 ml of acetonitrile-water was added dropwise with stirring at 0.degree. C. and stirred for 30 minutes after the completion of addition. The reaction product was isolated by a routine method, to give 635 mg (63%) of 1-(3,5,6-trimethyl-1,4-benzoquinon-2-yl)-1-(3-pyridyl)heptane. The physical data are shown in Table 2-1.
EXAMPLE 8
(Compound No. 17)
3,5,6-trimethyl-2-[1-(3-pyridyl)ethyl]-1,4-benzoquinone hydrochloride
To a solution of 5.4 g (21.2 mmol) of 3,5,6-trimethyl-2-[1-(3-pyridyl)ethyl]-1,4-benzoquinone in ethanol (30 ml), 1.8 ml of concentrated hydrochloric acid was added and the resultant solution was concentrated under reduced pressure. To the residue ethyl acetate was added and the resultant crystals were collected by filtration and recrystallized from ethanol-ethyl acetate, to give 5.6 g (91%) of 3,5,6-trimethyl-2-[1-(3-pyridyl)ethyl]-1,4-benzoquinone hydrochloride.
According to the method described in the Example, Compound No. 18 and Compound No. 24 were prepared from Compound No. 14 and Compound No. 23, respectively.
Physical data are shown in Table 2-1.
EXAMPLE 9
(Compound No. 13)
7-(3-pyridyl)-7-(3,5,6-trimethyl-1,4-benzoquinon -2-yl)-6-heptenoic acid (2.5 g) was hydrogenated in the presence of 5% palladium-carbon (0.5 g) in acetic acid (20 ml) (the reaction completed in about 2 hours). The catalyst was removed, the solvent was concentrated, and water (10 ml) and methanol (40 ml) were added. This solution was neutralized by addition of a saturated solution of sodium hydrogen carbonate, and the hydroquinone derivative was oxidized by aeration. After completion of oxidation, the mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure and the product was extracted with chloroform. The organic phase was dried with magnesium sulfate and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was dissolved in ethyl acetate and purified with silica gel column chromatography [ethyl acetate-ethanol(9:1)] and recrystallized from a mixture of ethyl acetate-isopropyl ether, to give 7-(3-pyridyl)-7-(3,5,6-trimethyl-1,4-benzoquinon -2-yl)heptanoic acid (2.1 g).
According to the method described in the Example 9, Compound No. 16 was synthesized from 1-(3-pyridyl)-1-(3,5,6-trimethyl-1,4-benzoquinon -2-yl)-1-heptene. Physical properties and nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum are shown in Table 2-1.
EXAMPLE 10
(Compound No. 22)
A solution of 0.6 g (2.3 mmol) of 1-(2,5-dimethoxy-3,4,6-trimethylbenzyl)imidazole in 8 ml of acetonitrile-water (1:1) was cooled to 0.degree. C., to which a solution of 3.1 g (5.64 mmol) of cerium ammonium nitrate in 5 ml of acetonitrile-water (1:1) was added with stirring. The reaction mixture was stirred for 30 minutes, made weakly alkaline with an aqueous solution of sodium hydrogen carbonate, and extracted with ethyl acetate. The extract was washed with water and dried, and the solvent was evaporated off. The residue was purified with silica gel column chromatography (ethyl acetate). The eluate from the column was concentrated, to which ethanol was added and then 0.2 ml of concentrated hydrochloric acid was added. The solution was concentrated and the resulting crystals were collected by filtration, to give 0.3 g (48.9%) of 2-[(1-imidazolyl)methyl]-3,5,6-trimethyl-1,4-benzoquinone hydrochloride.
Physical properties and nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum of this compound are shown in Table 2-3.
EXAMPLE 11
(Compound No. 23)
The mixture of 3.6 g (17.9 mmol) of (3-pyridyl)-(2-thienyl)methanol, 2.74 g (18.0 mmol) of 2,3,5-trimethylhydroquinone and 2.3 ml of methanesulfonic acid, and 45 ml of dichloroethane was stirred at 60.degree. C. for 2 hours.
After cooling, an aqueous solution of sodium hydrogen carbonate was added to the reaction mixture, the organic phase was separated and the water phase was extracted with chloroform. The extract was added to the organic phase, shaken with 50 ml of the aqueous solution of 5.8 g (21.5 mmol) of ferric chloride, and made weakly alkaline with an aqueous solution of sodium hydrogen carbonate, from which the organic phase was separated. The organic phase was washed with water, dried, concentrated, and purified with silica gel column chromatography (ethyl acetate), to give 6.0 g (92.3%) of 2-[(3-pyridyl)(2-thienyl)methyl]-3,5,6-trimethyl-1,4-benzoquinone.
Physical properties and nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum of the compound described above are shown in Table 2-3.
EXAMPLE 12
(Another method for production Compound No. 7)
The solution of 1.2 g (3.7 mmol) of 2-[(3-pyridyl)(2-thienyl)methyl]-3,5,6-trimethyl-1,4-benzoquinone in 20 ml of ethanol was refluxed by heating in the presence of 24 g of Raney nickel (W-6) for 5 hours. After cooling the catalyst was removed by filtration, and the filtrate was concentrated and redissolved in ethyl acetate and shaken with the solution of 1.2 g of ferric chloride in 10 ml of water. The mixture was made weakly alkaline with sodium hydrogen carbonate, from which the organic layer was separated, washed with water, dried, and concentrated. The residue was purified with silica gel column chromatography (ethyl acetate-isopropyl ether (1:1)), to give 0.8 g (72.5%) of 2-[1-(3-pyridyl)pentyl]-3,5,6-trimethyl-1,4-benzoquinone (Compound No. 7).
EXAMPLE 13
7-(2,5-dimethoxy-3,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-7-(3-pyridyl)heptanoic acid (1.0 g, 2.6 mmol) prepared in the Reference Example 11 was dissolved in 47% aqueous hydrogen bromide (5 ml) and the solution was heated at a reflux temperature for 2 hours. After the reaction was completed, the reaction mixture was cooled. The solution was made alkaline with sodium bicarbonate and the product was extracted with ethylacetate. The extract was washed with water, dried, and evaporated in vacuo. The resulting hydroquinone was oxidized with air and the solvent was evaporated to yield 7-(3,5,6-trimethyl-1,4-benzoquinon-2-yl)-7-(3-pyridyl)heptanoic acid (0.8 g, 86.8%) after crystallization from ethylacetate, m.p. 126.degree.-127.degree. C.
8-(3,5,6-trimethyl-1,4-benzoquinon-2-yl)-8-(3-pyridyl)octanoic acid, m.p. 113.degree.-114.degree. C. was prepared from 8-(2,5-dimethoxy-3,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-8-(3-pyridyl)octanoic acid by a similar procedure of the above example.
TABLE 1__________________________________________________________________________ Molecular Prepared by formula Nuclear magnetic resonanceCompound the procedure physical spectrum, .delta. value (ppm) inNo. of Example properties m.p. CDCl.sub.3, TMS as internal standard__________________________________________________________________________1 1 C.sub.16 H.sub.17 NO.sub.2 1.63(3H,d,J = 3.0Hz),1.97(3H,s), oil 2.00(6H,s),4.50(1H,quartet,J = 6Hz),7.27(1H,dd,J = 7.5 & 4.5Hz), 7.67(1H,dt,J = 7.5 & 1.5Hz),8.45 (1H,dd,J = 4.5 & 1.5Hz),8.47(1H,d, J = 1.5Hz)2 2 C.sub.21 H.sub.19 NO.sub.2 1.90(3H,s),1.97(3H,s),2.02(3H, oil s),5.90(1H,s),7.05-7.35(6H,m), 7.50(1H,dt,J = 4.5 & 1.5Hz),8.45 (2H,m)3 3 C.sub.27 H.sub.27 NO.sub.4 1.30(3H,t,J = 7.0Hz),1.92(6H,s), oil 1.97(3H,s),2.03(3H,s),2.10(3H, d,J = 1.5Hz),4.25(2H,q,J = 7.0Hz), 5.90(1H,s),7.17(2H,ABd,J = 7.5 Hz),7.37(2H,ABd,J = 7.5Hz),7.50 (1H,dt,J = 7.5 & 1.5Hz),7.67(1H, m),8.47(1H,d,J = 1.5Hz),8.50(1H, dd,J = 4.5 & 1.5Hz)4 4 C.sub.24 H.sub.23 NO.sub.4 in dimethylsulfoxide-d.sub.6 : 205-207.degree. C. 1.83(3H,s),1.90(3H,s),1.93(3H, d,J = 1.0Hz),2.50(2H,m),2.70(2H, m),5.80(1H,s),7.03(2H,d,J = 7.5 Hz),7.18(2H,d,J = 7.5Hz),7.27(1H, dd,J = 7.5 & 4.5Hz),7.50(1H,dt,J = 7.5 & 1.5Hz),8.37(2H,m)5 5 C.sub.25 H.sub.23 NO.sub.4 2.03(6H,s),2.13(3H,d,J = 1.0Hz), 199-201.degree. C. 5.90(1H,s),7.17(2H,d,J = 7.5Hz), 7.30(1H,dd,J = 7.5 & 4.5Hz),7.40 (2H,d,J = 7.5Hz),7.60(1H,dt,J = 7.5 & 1.5Hz),7.77(1H,s),8.47(1H, d,J = 1.5Hz),8.57(1H,dd,J = 4.5 & 1.5Hz),10.40(1H,broad s)6 6 C.sub.19 H.sub.21 NO.sub.4 1.60(2H,m),1.93(3H,s),1.97(3H, 82-84.degree. C. s),2.10(2H,s),2.25(2H,m),2.38 (2H,t,J = 6.8Hz),4.30(1H,t,J = 7.5Hz),7.27(1H,dd,J = 7.5 & 4.5 Hz),7.75(1H,dt,J = 7.5 & 1.5Hz), 7.80(1H,broad s),8.43(1H,dd,J = 4.5 & 1.5Hz),8.53(1H,d,J = 1.5Hz)__________________________________________________________________________
TABLE 2-1__________________________________________________________________________ ##STR20## Molecular Prepared by formulaCom- the proce- physical Nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum,pound dure of properties .delta. value (ppm) in CDCl.sub.3, TMS as internalNo. n R.sup.5 Example m.p. standard__________________________________________________________________________7 4 H 6, 12 C.sub.19 H.sub.23 NO.sub.2 0.87(3H,t,J=6Hz),1.30(4H,m),1.93(3H,s),2.00(3H, 6 oil s),2.10(3H,s),2.20(2H,m),4.23(1H,t,J=7.5Hz),7.20 . (1H,dd,J=7.5 & 4.5Hz),7.70(1H,dt,J=7.5 & 1.5Hz), 8.40(1H,dd,J=4.5 & 1.5Hz),8.47(1H,d,J=1.5Hz)8 3 CH.sub.2 OH 6 C.sub.19 H.sub.23 NO.sub.3 1.10-1.80(4H,m),1.93(3H,s),1.97(3H,s),2.08(3H,s) , 104-105.degree. C. 2.00-2.40(2H,m),3.60(2H,t,J=6.0Hz),4.23(1H,t, J=7.5Hz),7.23(1H,dd,J=7.5 & 4.5Hz),7.70(1H,dt, J=7.5 & 1.5Hz),8.37(1H,dd,J=4.5 & 1.5Hz),8.47 (1H,d,J= 1.5Hz)9 3 ##STR21## 6 C.sub.21 H.sub.25 NO.sub.4 oil 1.20-1.80(4H,m),1.97(3H,s),2.00(3H,s),2.03(3H,s) , 2.13(3H,s),2.00-2.40(2H,m),4.06(2H,t,J=6.8Hz), 4.27(1H,t,J=7.5Hz),7.27(1H,dd,J=7.5 & 4.5Hz), 7.75(1H,dt,J=7.5 & 1.5Hz),8.47(1H,dd,J=4.5 & 1.5Hz),8.53(1H,d,J=1.5Hz)10 4 COOH 6 C.sub.20 H.sub.23 NO.sub.4 1.10-1.80(4H,m),1.97(3H,s),2.00(3H,s),2.13(3H,s) , 68-69.degree. C. 1.90-2.40(2H,m),2.33(2H,t,J=6.8Hz),4.23(1H,t, J=7.5Hz),7.27(1H,dd,J=7.5 & 4.5Hz),7.77(1H,dt, J=7.5 & 1.5Hz),8.50(1H,dd,J=4.5 & 1.5Hz),8.53 (1H,d,J=1.5Hz),8.80(1H,broad s)11 4 CH.sub.2 OH 6 C.sub.20 H.sub.25 NO.sub.3 1.20-1.70(6H,m),1.97(3H,s),2.00(3H,s),2.13(3H,s) , oil 2.00-2.40(2H,m),3.60(2H,t,J=6.0Hz),4.27(1H,t, J=7.5Hz),7.25(1H,dd,J=7.5 & 4.5Hz),7.75(1H,dt, J=7.5 & 1.5Hz),8.47(1H,dd,J=4.5Hz & 1.5Hz),8.53 (1H,d,J=1.5Hz)12 4 ##STR22## 6 C.sub.22 H.sub.27 NO.sub.4 60-61.degree. C. 1.10-1.80(6H,m),1.97(3H,s),2.00(3H,s),2.03(3H,s, ), 2.13(3H,s),1.80-2.30(2H,m),4.03(2H,t,J=6.0Hz) , 4.23(2H,t,J=7.5Hz),7.23(1H,dd,J=7.5 & 4.5Hz), 7.73(1H,dt,J=7.5 & 1.5Hz),8.47(1H,dd,J=4.5 & 1.5Hz),8.53(1H,d,J=1.5Hz)13 5 COOH 6, 9, 12 C.sub.21 H.sub.25 NO.sub.4 1.10-1.80(6H,m),1.93(3H,s),1.98(3H,s),2.13(3H,s) , 126-127.degree. C. 1.90-2.40(2H,m),2.30(2H,t,J=6.8Hz),4.23(1H,t,J= 7.5Hz),7.27(1H,dd,J=7.5 & 4.5Hz),7.80(1H,dt,J= 7.5 & 1.5Hz),8.47(1H,dd,J=4.5 & 1.5Hz),8.53(1H,d, J=1.5Hz),9.85(1H,br)14 0 H 6 C.sub.15 H.sub.15 NO.sub.2 2.03(6H,s),2.10(3H,s),3.87(2H,s),7.20(1H,dd,J= 66-67.degree. C. 4.5 & 7.5Hz),7.53(1H,dt,J=7.5 & 1.5Hz),8.47(1H, dd,J=4.5 & 1.5Hz),8.52(1H,d,J=1.5Hz)15 2 H 6 C.sub.17 H.sub.19 NO.sub.2 0.93(3H,t,J=7.5Hz),1.97(3H,s),2.00(3H,s),2.10 56-57.degree. C. (6H,s),2.27(2H,q,J=7.5Hz),4.17(1H,t,J=7.5Hz), 7.23(1H,dd,J=7.5 & 4.5Hz),7.70(1H,dt,J=7.5 & 1.5 Hz),8.40(1H,dd,J=4.5 & 1.5Hz),8.47(1H,d,J=1.5Hz)16 6 H 4, 7, 9 C.sub.21 H.sub.27 NO.sub.2 0.87(3H,t,J=6.0Hz),1.30(10H,m),1.95(3H,s), 44-45.degree. C. 2.00(3H,s),2.10(3H,s),4.23(1H,t,J=7.5Hz),7.18 (1H,dd,J=7.5 & 4.5Hz),7.70(1H,dt,J=7.5 & 1.5Hz), 8.40(1H,dd,J=4.5 & 1.5Hz),8.48(1H,d,J=1.5Hz)17 1 H 8 C.sub.16 H.sub.18 NO.sub.2 Cl 1.73(3H,d,J=7.5Hz),1.90(3H,s),2.03(3H,s),2.20 hydro- 188-191.degree. C. (3H,s),4.48(1H,q,J=7.5Hz),7.93(1H,dd,J=7.5 & chloride 4.5Hz),8.40(1H,d,J=4.5Hz),8.67(1H,s),8.70(1H, d,J=4.5Hz)18 0 H 8 C.sub.15 H.sub.16 NO.sub.2 Cl 2.00(3H,s),2.03(3H,s),4.10(2H,s),7.92(1H,dd,J= hydro- 164-167.degree. C. 7.5 & 4.5Hz),8.36(1H,d,J=4.5Hz),8.70(1H,s),8.75 chloride (1H,d,J=4.5Hz)__________________________________________________________________________
TABLE 2-2__________________________________________________________________________ Pre- pared Molecular by the formula proce- physicalCom- dure proper- Nuclear magnetic resonancepound of Ex- ties spectrum, .delta. value (ppm) in CDCl.sub.3,No. Formula ample m.p. TMS as internal__________________________________________________________________________ standard19 ##STR23## 6 C.sub.17 H.sub.13 NO.sub.2 102-103.degr ee. C. 2.27(3H,s),4.00(2H,s),7.17(1H,dd, J=7.5 & 4.5 Hz),7.57(1H,dt,J=7.5 & 1.5Hz),7.68(2H,m),8.07 (2H,m),8.43(1H,dd,J=4.5 & 1.5Hz),8.53(1H,d, J=1.5Hz)20 ##STR24## 1 C.sub.24 H.sub.21 NO.sub.4 232-233.degr ee. C. (DMSO-d.sub.6) 1.88(6H,s),1.95(3H ,d,J=1.0Hz),6.87(1H,s), 6.47(1H,d ,J=16.0Hz),7.15(2H,d,J=7.5Hz),7.3 0 (1H,dd,J=7.5 & 4.5Hz),7.52(2H,d,J=7.5Hz),7.53 (1H,dt,J=7.5 & 1.5Hz),7.57(1H,d,J=16.0Hz), 8.40(1H,d,J=1.5Hz),8.43(1H,dd,J=4 .5 & 1.5Hz), 12.30(1 H,)21 ##STR25## 1 C.sub.16 H.sub.17 NO.sub.2 122-123.degr ee. C. 1.60(3H,d,J=3.80Hz),1.98(6H,s),2. 03(3H,s), 4.50(1H,q,J=3.80Hz),7.1 8(2H,A.sub.2 B.sub.2),8.53(2H, A.sub.2 B.sub.2)__________________________________________________________________________
TABLE 2-3__________________________________________________________________________ Prepared Molecular by the formulaCom- proce- physical Nuclear magnetic resonancepound dure of properties spectrum, .delta. value (ppm) in CDCl.sub.3,No. Formula Example m.p. TMS as internal standard__________________________________________________________________________22 ##STR26## 10 C.sub.13 H.sub.15 N.sub.2 ClO.sub.2 225-228.degree. C. 2.03(6H,s),2.37(3H,s),5.53(1H,s),7. 27(1H,t,J= 1.5Hz),7.37(1H,t,J=1.5Hz ),9.80(1H,t,J=1.5Hz)23 ##STR27## 11 C.sub.19 H.sub.17 NO.sub.2 S oil 2.00(6H,s),2.03(3H,s),6.08(1H,s),6. 83(1H,dd,J= 4.5 & 1.5Hz),6.95(1H,dd,J=5.5 & 4.5Hz),7.20(1H, dd,J=7.5 & 4.5Hz),7.25(1H,dd,J=5.5 & 1.5Hz), 7.57(1H,dt,J=7.5 & 1.5Hz),8.47(2H,m)24 ##STR28## 8 C.sub.19 H.sub.18 NClO.sub.2 S 185-188.degre e. C. decomp. 1.95(3H,s),2.05(3H,s),2.22(3H,s),6. 00(1H,s), 7.03(2H,m),7.37(1H,dd,J=4 .5 & 1.5Hz),7.83(1H, dd,J=7.5 & 4.5Hz),8.27(1H,broad d,J=7.5Hz), 8.57(1H,broad s),8.67(1H,broad d,J=4.5Hz)25 ##STR29## 6, 8 C.sub.15 H.sub.16 NClO.sub.4 152-153.degree. C. 2.18(3H, broad s),3.98 s),3.98(3H,s),4.02(3H,s),4007 (2H,broad s),7.93(1H,dd,J=7.5 & 4.5Hz),8.40 (1H,broad d.,J=7.5Hz),8.77(2H,m)__________________________________________________________________________
EXAMPLE 14
Example of pharmaceutical composition:
(A) Capsules
______________________________________(1) Compound No. 1 50 mg(2) Very fine powder of cellulose 30 mg(3) Lactose 37 mg(4) Magnesium stearate 3 mgtotal 120 mg______________________________________
(1), (2), (3) and (4) were mixed and filled in gelatin capsules.
(B) Soft capsules
______________________________________(1) Compound No. 17 50 mg(2) Corn oil 100 mgtotal 150 mg______________________________________
According to a routine method, (1) and (2) were mixed and filled in soft capsules.
(C) Tablets
______________________________________(1) Compound No. 18 50 mg(2) Lactose 34 mg(3) Corn starch 10.6 mg(4) Corn starch (paste) 5 mg(5) Magnesium stearate 0.4 mg(6) Calcium carboxymethylcellulose 20 mgtotal 120 mg______________________________________
According to a routine method, these were mixed and compressed by tablet machine.
EXPERIMENT 1
Inhibition of 5-lipoxygenase
10.sup.7 RBL-1 cells (rat basophilic leukemia cells) were suspended in 0.5 ml of MCM (mast cell medium ). To the suspension was subsequently added a solution consisting of 0.5 ml of MCM, 50 .mu.g of arachidonic acid, 10 .mu.g of A-23187 (calcium ionophore, Eli Lilly), and a solution of a quinone compound in ethanol at the final concentration of 1 .mu.M, 0.1 .mu.M, 0.01 .mu.M or 0.001 .mu.M of the test compound was added and allowed to react at 37.degree. C. for 20 minutes. After the reaction, 4 ml of ethanol containing 1,4-dimethoxy-2-methyl-3-(3-methoxypropyl)naphthalene as an internal standard were added, mixed well by shaking, and kept at room temperature for 10 minutes. Then the mixture was centrifuged for 10 minutes (2000 rpm), and the supernatant was separated. The supernatant was concentrated to dryness under reduced pressure. To the concentrate, 0.5 ml of 60% aqueous methanol was added. One hundred .mu.l of this solution was subjected to high performance liquid chromatography for quantitative analysis of 5-HETE (5-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid). The amount of 5-HETE was analyzed by measurement of the absorbance at 273 nm with a UV absorption monitor.
Inhibitory effect (IE) of production of 5-HETE is expressed by (1-b/a).times.100, wherein a is the peak height or the area corrected with the peak due to the internal standard in the absence of the quinone compound, and b is the peak hight or peak area corrected with the peak due to the internal standard in the presence of the quinone compound.
The results were proved to be the potent inhibition of production of 5-HETE, as shown in Table 3.
EXPERIMENT 2
Inhibition of Thromboxane A.sub.2 (TXA.sub.2) synthetase
As a preparation of TXA.sub.2 synthetase, horse platelet microsome treated with indomethacin (indomethacin-treated horse platelet microsome: IPM) according to the method of Needleman et al. (Science 193 163, 1979) was used. To 60 .mu.l of the solution of IPM in 50 mM Tris buffer(pH 7.5) (containing 140 .mu.g on the protein basis), 60.mu.of a solution containing a drug at a variable concentration was added and kept still at room temperature for 5 minutes. One hundred .mu.l of this mixture was taken, to which 20 .mu.l of a buffer containing 30 ng cf prostaglandin H.sub.2 (PGH.sub.2) with ice-cooling and kept still at 0.degree. C. for 5 minutes to produce thromboxane A.sub.2 (TXA.sub.2). The reaction was stopped by addition of 500 .mu.l of Tris buffer, and 50 .mu.l of the resultant solution was subjected to radioimmunoassay of thromboxane B.sub.2 (TXB.sub.2), a stable metabolite of TXA.sub.2 [Shibouta et al. Biochem. Pharmacol. 28 3601, 1979]. The rate of inhibition (%) of TXA.sub.2 synthetase was determined from the difference in TXB.sub.2 productivity between the untreated group and the treated group.
In the following the results of the experiment with some representative compounds are shown in Table 3.
EXPERIMENT 3
Inhibition of production of lipid peroxide in rat brain homogenate
Procedure: Sprague-Dawley rats (male, 9-15 weeks old) anesthetized with pentobarbital (50 mg/kg, intraperitoneal administration) were venesected and the brain tissue was the area corrected with the peak due to the internal standard in the absence of the quinone compound, and b is the peak hight or peak area corrected with the peak due to the internal standard in the presence of the quinone compound.
The results were proved to be the potent inhibition of production of 5-HETE, as shown in Table 5.
EXPERIMENT 2
Inhibition of Thromboxane A.sub.2 (TXA.sub.2) synthetase
As a preparation of TXA.sub.2 synthetase, horse platelet microsome treated with indomethacin (indomethacin-treated horse platelet microsome: IPM) according to the method of Needleman et al. (Science 193 163, 1979) was used. To 60 .mu.l of the solution of IPM in 50 mM Tris buffer(pH 7.5) (containing 140 .mu.g on the protein basis), 60 .mu.l of a solution containing a drug at a variable concentration was added and kept still at room temperature for 5 minutes. One hundred .mu.l of this mixture was taken, to which 20 .mu.l of a buffer containing 30 ng of prostaglandin H.sub.2 (PGH.sub.2) with ice-cooling and kept still at 0.degree. C. for 5 minutes to produce thromboxane A.sub.2 (TXA.sub.2). The reaction was stopped by addition of 500 .mu.l of Tris buffer, and 50 .mu.l of the resultant solution was subjected to radioimmunoassay of thromboxane B.sub.2 (TXB.sub.2), a stable metabolite of TXA.sub.2 [Shibouta et al. Biochem. Pharmacol. 28 3601, 1979]. The rate of inhibition (%) of TXA.sub.2 synthetase was determined from the difference in TXB.sub.2 productivity between the untreated group and the treated group.
In the following the results of the experiment with some representative compounds are shown in Table 3.
EXPERIMENT 3
Inhibition of production of lipid peroxide in rat brain homogenate
Procedure: Sprague-Dawley rats (male, 9-15 weeks old) anesthetized with pentobarbital (50 mg/kg, intraperitoneal administration) were venesected and the brain tissue was resected. The tissue was homogenized in phosphate buffer (pH 7.4), and used as a 5% homogenate (on weight basis). The brain homogenate was allowed to react at 37.degree. C. for 1 hour, and the amount of lipid peroxide produced was determined with the thiobarbituric acid method according to the method of Okawa et al. (Analytical Biochem 95 551, 1979). The drug was added to the 5% homogenate before the reaction at 37.degree. C. for 1 hour so that the final concentration might be 5.times.10.sup.-7 or 10.sup.-6 M. Inhibition of production of lipid peroxide was expressed as the rate of inhibition in % of the amount produced in the solvent(DMSO)-treated group.
The results are shown in Table 3.
TABLE 3______________________________________ Inhibition Inhibition of Thrombo- Inhibition of pro- of produc- xane A.sub.2 duction of lipid tion of (TXA.sub.2) peroxide in rat 5-HETE synthetase brain homogenateCom- (%) (%) (%)pound Concentration of compoundNo. 10.sup.-7 M 10.sup.-6 M 10.sup.-7 M 10.sup.-6 M 5 .times. 10.sup.-7 M 10.sup.-6 M______________________________________1 46 84 37 76 6 902 60 85 45 89 32 1005 28 73 7 65 29 1007 35 86 -- 32 26 1008 63 88 6 37 20 1009 62 90 18 54 17 10010 52 90 24 67 13 10011 61 88 13 67 15 10012 67 91 22 56 15 10013 16 64 48 87 20 8414 80 92 35 61 46 10015 57 91 15 76 52 10016 77 96 6 49 44 100______________________________________
EXPERIMENT 4
Effect on occurrence of ventricular arrhythmia due to ischemia-reperfusion in rat
Procedure: The experiment was carried out in Sprague-Dawley rat (male, 11-12 weeks old) according to the method of A. S. Manning (Circ. Res. 55, 545, 1984). A rat was given orally a drug or water at the dose of 5 ml/kg, and anesthetized 1 hour later with pentobarbital (50 mg/kg, intraperitoneal injection). The rat was thoractomized under artificial respiration and the coronary left anterior descending artery was ligated for 5 minutes, followed by reperfusion for 10 minutes. The incidences of ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation and cardiac arrest observed for the 10 minutes of reperfusion were determined.
The results are shown in Table 4. Compound No.1, when given orally at the dose of 30 mg/kg, inhibited significantly the incidences of ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation and cardiac arrest.
TABLE 4______________________________________Effect on the occurrence of ventriculararrhythmia due to ischemia-reperfusion in rat Dose Ventricular Ventricular CardiacGroup mg/kg, p.o. tachycardia fibrillation arrest______________________________________Control -- 18/18 17/18 11/18groupCompound 30 6/8* 3/8** 1/8*No. 1______________________________________ The denominator is the number of rats used and the numerator is the numbe of rats showing abnormal cardiac function. Significance test: X.sup.2 test, *p<0.05, **p<0.01
EXPERIMENT 5
Effect on cerebral ischemic seizure in spontaneously hypertensive rat
Procedure: A spontaneously hypertensive rat (male, 20-23 weeks old) was given orally a compound or water at the dose of 5 ml/kg, and 1 hour later anesthetized with pentobarbital. Bilateral common carotid arteries were ligated, and the interval from immediately after the ligation to the occurrence of seizure (cramp, jumping, etc.) was measured.
The results are shown in Table 5. Compound No.1 given orally at 30 mg/kg prolonged remarkably the interval to the occurrence of cerebral ischemic seizure. The said compound exerts protective effects against cerebral ischemia.
TABLE 5______________________________________Effects on cerebral ischemic seijure in rat Dose Interval till occurrenceGroup mg/kg, p.o. of ischemic seijure (min)______________________________________Control group -- 122 .+-. 20Compound No. 1 30 385** .+-. 33______________________________________ Each group consisted of 5 cases. Student's ttest: **p<0.01
EXPERIMENT 6
Proteinuria improving effect in rat with adriamycin-induced nephrosis
Procedure: The experiment was carried out with Sprague-Dawley rat (male, 5 weeks old) according to the method of T. Bertani et al.[(Laboratory Invest.4, 16, (1982)]. Adriamycin was given intravenously at the dose of 7.5 mg/kg and two weeks later urine was collected for 24 hours after water was loaded orally at 10 ml/kg. Total urinary protein and albumin excreted in the urine were determined; rats of which total urinary protein was 20 mg/100g/24 hours or more were chosen for the experiment. The control group received water (vehicle) alone at 10 ml/kg/day, and the Compound No.18 group received the Compound at the dose of 50 mg/kg/day (10 ml/kg, water) once a day for 2 weeks. After 1 week or 2 weeks of treatment with the drug, 24 hour-urine was collected to determine total urinary protein and albumin. Two weeks later blood was taken from the thoracic aorta of the rat under pentobarbital anesthesia (50 mg/kg, intraperitoneal injection) to determine plasma cholesterol level.
The results are shown in Table 6. The total urinary protein in the control group increased after two weeks of treatment as compared with the pretreatment value, and urinary albumin increased both after 1 week and after 2 weeks of treatment as compared with the pretreatment value. In Compound No.18 group, neither total urinary protein nor urinary albumin differed from the respective pretreatment values. Furthermore, the serum cholesterol level after 2 weeks was decreased remarkably by the treatment with Compound No.18. These results prove that the Compound No.18 improves adriamycin-induced nephrosis. Table 6 Improving effect on adriamycin-induced nephrosis in rat
______________________________________ Before 1 week 2 weeks treatment after after______________________________________control (10 ml/kg/day water, p.o., n = 7)total urinary protein 72 .+-. 28 70 .+-. 17 87 .+-. 24*(mg/100 g/24 hr)urinary albumin 23 .+-. 10 37 .+-. 12* 51 .+-. 17**serum cholesterol -- -- 131 .+-. 39(mg/dl)Compound No. 18 (50 mg/kg/day, p.o., n = 3)total urinary protein 76 .+-. 28 55 .+-. 17 59 .+-. 9(mg/100 g/24 hr)urinary albumin 28 .+-. 14 25 .+-. 10 31 .+-. 7serum cholesterol -- -- 49 .+-. 4#(mg/dl)______________________________________ Paired ttest against pretreatment value *p<0.05, **p<0.01 Student's ttest against the control value #p<0.05
EXPERIMENT 7
Improving effect on glomerulonephritis in rat
Procedure: Nephritic rat was prepared according to the method of Matsunaga et al.[Folia pharmacol. japon. 78, 491,(1981)]using Sprague-Dawley rat (male, 5 weeks old). That is, the rat was immunized preliminarily by subcutaneous injection of a mixture of 3 mg of rabbit serum albumin (RSA) and an equal volume of Freund's complete adjuvant, and from two weeks after that RSA was given intravenously at the dose of 1 mg/rat three times a week for 8 weeks. Then 24 hour-urine was collected to determine total urinary protein and urinary albumin. Rats of which total urinary protein was 20 mg/100g/24hr or more were chosen for the experiment. The control group received water (vehicle) alone at 10 ml/kg/day, and the Compound No.18 group received the Compound at the dose of 50 mg/kg/day (10 ml/kg, water) once a day for 2 weeks. After 1 week and 2 weeks of treatment, 24 hour-urine was collected to determine total urinary protein and urinary albumin.
The results are shown in Table 7. As compared with the control group, the Compound No.18 group showed decreased total urinary protein and urinary albumin. These results prove that the Compound No.18 improves nephritis.
TABLE 7______________________________________Improving effect on glomerulonephritis in rat Before 1 week 2 weeks treatment after after______________________________________control group (water, 10 ml/kg/day, p.o., n = 3)total urinary protein 65 .+-. 21 60 .+-. 20 74 .+-. 9(mg/100 g/24 hr)urinary albumin 33 .+-. 15 31 .+-. 15 33 .+-. 7Compound No. 18 group (50 mg/kg/day, p.o., n = 4)total urinary protein 75 .+-. 28 37 .+-. 8* 48 .+-. 16*(mg/100 g/24 hr)urinary albumin 45 .+-. 21 17 .+-. 5* 24 + 12*______________________________________ Paired ttest against pretreatment value, *p<0.05
EXPERIMENT 8
Thromboxane A.sub.2 (TXA.sub.2) receptor antagonism
Procedure: A spiral strip of the rabbit aorta (2-3 mm wide, about 3 cm long) was suspended in Krebs-Henseleit solution under the load of 2 g. The Krebs-Henseleit solution was saturated with a mixed gas of 95% O.sub.2 -5% CO.sub.2 and warmed at 37.degree. C. Inhibition of the contraction of the vascular strip caused by a TXA.sub.2 mimic substance, U-46619* (10.sup.-7 M), by pretreatment with Compound No.13 30 minutes before was studied.
The results are shown in Table 8
The Compound No.13 inhibited the vascular contraction caused by U-46619 by 14% at 10.sup.-6 M, and by 86% at 10.sup.-5 M, thus exerting a remarkable TXA.sub.2 receptor antagonism.
TABLE 8______________________________________Thromboxane A.sub.2 receptor antagonism Inhibition of contraction of rabbit aorta strip due to U- concentration No. of 46619 (10.sup.-7 M)drug (M) cases (% inhibition)______________________________________Compound No. 13 10.sup.-6 6 14 .+-. 4Compound No. 13 10.sup.-5 6 86 .+-. 8______________________________________ mean .+-. standard error *U-46619: (5Z,9.alpha.,11.alpha.,13E,15S)15-hydroxy-9,11-(epoxymethano)prosta-5,13-iene-1-acid (manufactured by Upjohn Co., U.S.A.)
EXPERIMENT 9
Toxicological study in the rat
Procedure: Five weeks old, male Wistar rats were used. The rats were given the Compound 18 orally once a day for 14 days at doses of 100 and 300 mg/kg/10 ml of water as a suspension with 5% gum arabic. Control rats were given vehicle (10 ml/kg of water) alone. After fasting a night following the final dose of a 2 week treatment, the rats were anesthetized with ethyl ether and the blood was collected into a heparinized syringe from the abdominal aorta and the plasma was separated for the examination of blood chemistry. Blood parameters such as total protein, glucose, calcium, urea nitrogen, creatinine, total cholesterol, total bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), leucine aminopeptidase (LAP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT), creatine phosphokinase (CPK), albumin and A/G ratio were analysed by use of auto-analyzer (Hitachi 716). The organs such as liver, kidney, heart, lung, spleen, adrenal glands, thymus, testris, brain and hypophysis were excised and weighed. Some organs (liver, kidney, heart, lung, spleen) were fixed in 10% neutral formalin solution for histological examinations. Bone marrow was fixed as well without weighing. These fixed organs were stained with Hematoxyline-Eosin for histological examinations. Results: The rats that received the Compound 18 (300 mg/kg) tended to have a lower body weight, but the change was not significant (Table 9). Both doses (100 and 300 mg/kg) produced no significant changes in any organ weight (Table 9) and produced no changes in the blood chemistry (Table 10). In the group of 300 mg/kg of the Compound 18, one of 5 rats showed a mild splenomegaly and increased extramedullary hematopoiesis. The other organs showed no changes (Table 11).
TABLE 9__________________________________________________________________________Body and organ weights of rats treated with Compound 18 for 2 weeks Adre- Hypo- B.V. Liver Kidney Heart Lung Spleen Thymus nals Thyroid phy. Gonads Brains (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (mg) (mg) (mg) (mg) (g) (g)__________________________________________________________________________Control Mean 176.1 6.684 1.749 0.774 0.949 0.694 0.478 46.2 13.9 9.0 1.930 1.789 SE 3.8 0.166 0.033 0.017 0.038 0.032 0.024 1.1 0.7 0.2 0.059 0.020Compound 18 Mean 170.3 6.347 1.579 0.709 0.872 0.673 0.450 47.7 11.4 8.3 1.906 1.747100 mg/kg SE 4.2 0.222 0.106 0.023 0.025 0.030 0.032 2.8 1.4 1.0 0.029 0.016Compound 18 Mean 162.0 6.264 1.508 0.913 0.929 0.703 0.447 43.0 12.0 8.1 1.873 1.714300 mg/kg SE 8.3 0.138 0.069 0.194 0.035 0.061 0.028 1.8 1.0 0.4 0.060 0.040__________________________________________________________________________
TABLE 10__________________________________________________________________________Blood chemistry - Group menn values (mean .+-. S.D.)Group: 1 2 3Compound: Control Compound 18 Compound 18Dose (mg/kg/day): -- 100 300__________________________________________________________________________ Number Total Urea Total Total of protein Glucose Calcium nitrogen Greatinine cholesterol bilirubin AI.PGroup animals (g %) (mg %) (mg %) (mg %) (mg %) (mg %) (mg %) (U/I)__________________________________________________________________________1M 5 5.52 .+-. 0.12 102 .+-. 7 10.02 .+-. 0.28 15.7 .+-. 1.1 0.5 .+-. 0.1 51 .+-. 4 0.32 .+-. 0.04 198 .+-. 312M 4 5.51 .+-. 0.11 104 .+-. 11 9.84 .+-. 0.41 15.8 .+-. 0.7 0.5 .+-. 0.0 47 .+-. 7 0.27 .+-. 0.03 194 .+-. 323M 5 5.48 .+-. 0.20 97 .+-. 11 9.70 .+-. 0.18 14.5 .+-. 0.6 0.4 .+-. 0.1 41 .+-. 14 0.28 .+-. 0.02 149__________________________________________________________________________ .+-. 21 Number of LAP LDH GOT GPT GPK Albumin A/G Group Animals (U/I) (U/I) (U/I) (U/I) (U/I) (g %) ratio__________________________________________________________________________ 1M 5 20 .+-. 1 111 .+-. 27 57 .+-. 6 12 .+-. 2 51 .+-. 10 3.44 .+-. 0.10 1.65 .+-. 0.07 2M 4 20 .+-. 1 86 .+-. 22 57 .+-. 6 13 .+-. 1 44 .+-. 5 3.43 .+-. 0.05 1.65 .+-. 0.05 3M 5 19 .+-. 1 99 .+-. 18 64 .+-. 9 14 .+-. 1 52 .+-. 9 3.47 .+-. 0.13 1.73__________________________________________________________________________ .+-. 0.07
TABLE 11__________________________________________________________________________Histological findings in rat treated wit;h Compound 18 for 2 weeksCompound Compound 18 Compound 18Dose of Compound 18 (mg/kg/day) Control 100 300Rat number 1 2 3 4 5 6* 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15__________________________________________________________________________SpleenWidening of red pulp - - - - - / - - - - - + + - -Congestion (dilatation of sinus) - - - - - / - - - - - - - - -Extramedullary hematopoiesis + + + + + / + + + + + + ++ + +Atrophy of white pulp - - - - - / - - - - - + - - -LiverParenchymal cell alteration - - - - - / - - - - - - - - -KidneyDilatation of pelvis +++ - - ++ - / - - ++ + - + - - -HeartCardiac cell alteration - - - - - / - - - - - - - - -LungAlteration - - - - - / - - - - - - - - -Bone marrowProliferation of erythroblast - - - - - / - - - - - - - - -__________________________________________________________________________ The scores indicate -: negative, +: mild, ++: moderate, +++: severe *The rat (No. 6) died of administration error during the experiment. Male Wistar rats at 5 weeks of age were used. They received oral administration of Compound 18 for 2 weeks. Control rats received 5% gum arabic solution at 10 ml per kilogram body weight.
REFERENCE EXAMPLE 1
A solution of 10.0 g (63.3 mmol) of 3-bromopyridine in 100 ml of ether was cooled to -78.degree. C., to which 40 ml (64 mmol) of 1.6 M n-butyllithium hexane solution was added dropwise with stirring. After completion of the addition, the mixture was stirred for further 15 minutes, to which the solution of 5.45 g (63.3 mmol) of .gamma.-butyrolactone in 15 ml of ether was added dropwise, and stirred for further 1 hour at -78.degree. C.-room temperature. To the reaction mixture an aqueous solution of ammonium chloride, and the resultant substance was extracted with ethyl acetate. The extract was washed with water and dried, and the solvent was evaporated off. The residue was purified with silica gel column chromatography (CHCl.sub.3 -MeOH (9:1)) and recrystallized from ethyl acetate-isopropyl ether, to give 8.0 g (77%) of 4-(3-pyridyl)-4-oxobutanol. m.p. 36.degree.-37.degree. C.
In a similar way, 5-(3-pyridyl)-5-oxopentanol (71%) and 6-(3-pyridyl)-6-oxohexanol (57%) were prepared from .delta.-valerolactone and from .epsilon.-caprolactone, respectively.
REFERENCE EXAMPLE 2
A solution of 12.5 g (69.8 mmol) of the alcohol derivative prepared in Reference Example 1 and 12.6 ml (90.7 mmol) of triethylamine in 100 ml of dimethylformamide were cooled with ice, to which 9.1 g (83.8 mmol) of trimethylchlorosilane was slowly added dropwise with stirring. The mixture was stirred for 30 minutes after completion of the addition and diluted with water, from which the product was extracted with ethyl acetate. The extract was washed with water and dried, and the solvent was evaporated off. The residue was distilled under reduced pressure, to give 13.4 g (76.4%) of 1-(3-pyridyl)-4-trimethylsilyloxybutan-1-one (b.p. (1 mm) 126.degree.-130.degree. C.).
In a similar way, 1-(3-pyridyl)-5-trimethylsilyloxypentan-1-one (b.p.(1 mm) 134.degree.-138.degree. C.) and 1-(3-pyridyl)-6-trimethylsilyloxyhexan-1-one (b.p. (1 mm) 140.degree.-143.degree. C.) were prepared.
REFERENCE EXAMPLE 3
A Grignard reagent was prepared from 7.73 g (29.8 mmol) of 1-bromo-2,5-dimethoxy-3,4,6-trimethoxybenzene, 700 mg (28.8 mmol) of magnesium, and 50 ml of tetrahydrofuran at 65.degree. C., and the resultant solution was cooled to 0.degree. C., to which the solution of 6.0 g (23.9 mmol) of the silyl ether derivative prepared in Reference Example 2 in 10 ml of tetrahydrofuran was added dropwise with stirring. The mixture was mixed at room temperature for 1 hour after completion of the addition, to which water was added and extracted with ethyl acetate. The extract was washed with water and dried (MgSO.sub.4), and the solvent was evaporated off. To the residue ethanol (50 ml) and 2N hydrochloric acid (10 ml) were added and stirred for 1 hour. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure and neutralized with sodium hydrogen carbonate, from which the product was extracted with ethyl acetate. The extract was washed with water and dried, and the solvent was evaporated off. The residue was dissolved in 80 ml of acetic acid, to which 15 ml of sulfuric acid was added and stirred at 80.degree. C. for 30 minutes. After cooling followed by careful addition of 60 g of sodium hydrogen carbonate, the mixture was diluted with water, from which the product was extracted with ethyl acetate. The extract was washed with an aqueous solution of sodium hydrogen carbonate and then with water, and dried (MgSO.sub.4), from which the solvent was evaporated off. The residue was purified with silica gel column chromatography (CHCl.sub.3 EtOAc (1:1)), to give 4.09 g (43.8%) of 1-acetoxy-4-(2,5-dimethoxy-3,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-4-(3-pyridyl)-3-butene (an oil).
In a similar way, 1-acetoxy-5-(2,5-dimethoxy-3,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-5-(3-pyridyl)-4-pentene and 1-acetoxy-6-(2,5-dimethoxy-3,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-6-(3-pyridyl)-5-hexene were prepared.
REFERENCE EXAMPLE 4
A solution of 1.0 g (2.7 mmol) of the butene derivative prepared in Reference Example 3 in 10 ml of acetic acid was subjected to a catalytic reduction at 80.degree. C. in the presence of 0.4 g of 5% palladium-carbon catalyst. After completion of the reaction, the catalyst was removed by filtration, and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was dissolved in ethyl acetate, washed with an aqueous solution of sodium hydrogen carbonate and then with water, and dried, from which the solvent was evaporated off. The residue was purified with silica gel column (ethyl acetate), to give 750 mg (74.6%) of 1-acetoxy-4-(2,5-dimethoxy-3,4,6-trimethyl- phenyl)-4-(3-pyridyl)butane (an oil).
In a similar way 1-acetoxy-6-(2,5-dimethoxy-3,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-6-(3-pyridyl)hexane and 1-acetoxy-5-(2,5-dimethoxy-3,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-5-(3-pyridyl)pentane were prepared.
REFERENCE EXAMPLE 5
To a solution of 0.7 g (1.88 mmol) of the butane derivative prepared in Reference Example 4 in 3 ml of methanol, a solution of 0.3 g (7.50 mmol) of sodium hydroxide in 3 ml of water was added and stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes, to which water was added. The product was extracted with ethyl acetate, and the extract was washed with water, dried, and concentrated. The residue was purified with a silica gel short column (ethyl acetate), to give 0.5 g (80.5%) of 4-(2,5-dimethoxy-3,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-4-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (an oil).
In a similar way 5-(2,5-dimethoxy-3,4,6-trimethylphenyl)- 5-(3-pyridyl)-1-pentanol (m.p. 99.degree.-100.degree. C.) and 6-(2,5-dimethoxy-3,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-6-(3-pyridyl)-1-hexanol (m.p. 90.degree.-91.degree. C.) were prepared.
REFERENCE EXAMPLE 6
A solution of 10.0 g (63.3 mmol) of 3-bromopyridine in 100 ml of ether was cooled to -78.degree. C., to which 40 ml of 1.6 M (64 mmol) n-butyllithium hexane solution was added dropwise. The mixture was stirred for 15 minutes after completion of the addition, to which a solution of 7.52 g (67.7 mmol) of heptanitrile in 15 ml of ether was added dropwise and stirred at -78.degree. C. to room temperature further for 1 hour. To the reaction mixture an aqueous solution of ammonium chloride was added, from which the product was extracted with ethyl acetate. The extract was washed with water and dried, and the solvent was evaporated off. The residue was purified with silica gel column chromatography (eluted with isopropyl ether), to give 3.9 g (36%) of 3-heptanoylpyridine (an oil).
In a similar way 3-propionylpyridine and 3-pentanoylpyridine were prepared by the reaction with propionitrile and with valeronitrile, respectively.
REFERENCE EXAMPLE 7
A Grignard reagent was prepared from 693 mg (28.3 g atom) of magnesium, 7.6 g (29.3 mmol) of 1-bromo-2,5-dimethoxy-3,4,6-trimethylbenzene and tetrahydrofuran at 65.degree. C. and cooled to 0.degree. C., to which a solution of 3.75 g (21.9 mmol) of 3-heptanoylpyridine in 10 ml of tetrahydrofuran was added dropwise. After completion of the addition, the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hour, to which water was added and extracted with ethyl acetate. The extract was washed with water, dried and concentrated. The residue was purified with silica gel column chromatography (isopropyl ether) and recrystallized from hexane, to give 3.2 g (39%) of 1-(2,5-dimethoxy-3,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-1-(3-pyridyl)heptanol. m.p. 109.degree.-110.degree. C.
In a similar way 1-(2,5-dimethoxy-3,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-1-(3-pyridyl)propanol and 1-(2,5-dimethoxy-3,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-1-(3-pyridyl)pentanol were prepared.
REFERENCE EXAMPLE 8
To a solution of 2.5 g (6.74 mmol) of the alcohol derivative prepared in Reference 7 in 20 ml of acetic acid, 2.5 ml of concentrated sulfuric acid was added and heated at 80.degree. C. for 1 hour. After cooling, 6.8 g of potassium carbonate was added carefully, which was diluted with water and extracted with ethyl acetate. The extract was washed with water and with an aqueous solution of sodium hydrogen carbonate and dried, from which the solvent was evaporated off. Purification with a short column of silica gel (isopropyl ether) gave 2.2 g (92.5%) of 1-(2,5-dimethoxy-3,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-heptene.
REFERENCE EXAMPLE 9
The heptene derivative prepared in Reference Example 8, 1.2 g (3.4 mmol), was hydrogenated in 12 ml of acetic acid in the presence of 0.6 g of 5% Pd-carbon at 80.degree. C. The reaction mixture was analyzed with TLC. After completion of the reaction, the catalyst was removed by filtration, and the filtrate was concentrated, to which ethyl acetate was added and washed with a saturated aqueous solution of sodium hydrogen carbonate. The organic phase was dried from which the solvent was evaporated. The residue was purified with silica gel column chromatography (isopropyl ether-hexane (2:1)), to give 1.1 g (91.2%) of 1-(2,5-dimethoxy-3,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-1-(3-pyridyl)heptane (an oil).
In a similar way 1-(2,5-dimethoxy-3,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-1-(3-pyridyl)propane and 1-(2,5-dimethoxy-3,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-1-(3-pyridyl)pentane were prepared.
REFERENCE EXAMPLE 10
The solution of 525 mg (1.6 mmol) of the butanol derivative prepared in Reference Example 5 and 0.33 ml (2.4 mmol) of triethylamine in 3.5 ml of dichloromethane was cooled to 0.degree. C., to which 0.15 ml (1.94 mmol) of methanesulfonyl chloride was added with stirring. The reaction mixture was stirred at the same temperature for 30 minutes, to which water was added and the organic layer was separated while the water layer was extracted with dichloromethane and the extract was combined with the organic layer described above. The resultant organic layer was washed with water, dried, and concentrated. The residue was dissolved in 5 ml of dimethylsulfoxide, to which 148 mg (2.9 mmol) of sodium cyanide was added and stirred at 80.degree. C. for 2 hours. To the reaction mixture water was added, from which the product was extracted with ethyl acetate. The extract was washed with water and dried, from which the solvent was evaporated off. The residue was purified with silica gel column,. chromatography, to give 445 mg (82.5%) of 4-cyano-1-(2,5-dimethoxy-3,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-1-(3-pyridyl)butane (an oil).
In a similar way, 5-cyano-1-(2,5-dimethoxy-3,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-1-(3-pyridyl)pentane(oil), 6-cyano-1-(2,5-dimethoxy-3,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-1-(3-pyridyl)hexane (oil) and 7-cyano-1-(2,5-dimethoxy-3,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-1-(3-pyridyl)heptane(oil) were prepared.
REFERENCE EXAMPLE 11
To a solution of 445 mg (1.32 mmol) of the cyano derivative prepared in Reference Example 10 in 3 ml of methanol, a solution of 1.5 g (37.5 mmol) of sodium hydroxide in 5 ml of water was added and refluxed by heating for 3 hours. The reaction mixture was cooled, diluted with water, neutralized with 2N hydrochloric acid, and extracted with ethyl acetate. The extract was washed with water, dried, and concentrated. The residue was purified with silica gel column chromatography (CHCl.sub.3 :MeOH (9:1)), to give 400 mg (85.1%) of 5-(2,5-dimethoxy-3,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-5-(3-pyridyl)pentanoic acid. m.p. 82.degree.-84.degree. C.
In a similar way, 6-(2,5-dimethoxy-3,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-6-(3-pyridyl)hexanoic acid (m.p.183.degree.-184.degree. C.), 7-(2,5-dimethoxy-3,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-7-(3-pyridyl)heptanoic acid (an oil) and 8-(2,5-dimethyl-3,4,6-trrmethylphenyl)-8-(3-pyridyl)octanoic acid (oil) were prepared.
REFERENCE EXAMPLE 12
A solution of 5.0 g (17.8 mmol) of 2-bromo-1,4-dimethoxy-3-methylnaphthalene in 30 ml of tetrahydrofuran was cooled to -78.degree. C., to which 11.2 ml (17.9 mmol) of 1.6M n-butyllithium hexane solution was added dropwise, and stirred at the same temperature for 10 minutes after completion of the addition. Then 1.3 g (17.8 mmol) of dimethylformamide was added dropwise to the reaction mixture, and stirred at room temperature for 1 hour after completion of the addition. Water was added to the reaction mixture, from which the product was extracted with ethyl acetate. The extract was washed with water, dried, and concentrated. The residue was purified with silica gel column chromatography (hexane-isopropyl ether (8:2)), and crystallized from hexane-isopropyl ether, to give 2.0 g (48.9%) of 2-formyl-1,4-dimethoxy-3-methylnaphthalene. m.p. 95.degree.-96.degree. C.
REFERENCE EXAMPLE 13
A solution of 1.0 g (2.82 mmol) of the heptene derivative prepared in Reference Example 8 in 20 ml of acetonitrile-water (1:1) was cooled with ice, to which a solution of 4.1 g (7.48 mmol) of cerium ammonium nitrate in 15 ml of acetonitrile-water (1:1) was added dropwise with stirring. The mixture was stirred at the same temperature for 30 minutes after completion of the addition, made weakly alkaline with an aqueous solution of sodium hydrogen carbonate, and extracted with ethyl acetate. The extract was washed with water and dried, and the solvent was evaporated off. The residue was separated with silica gel column chromatography (isopropyl ether):313 mg of (E)-1-(3,5,6-trimethylbenzoquinon-2-yl)-1-(3-pyridyl)heptene eluted ahead, and 395 mg of (Z)-1-(3,5,6-trimethylbenzoquinon-2-yl)-1-(3-pyridyl)heptene eluted later were obtained.
In a similar way (E), (Z)-7-(3,5,6-trimethylbenzoquinon-2-yl)-7-(3-pyridyl)heptenoic acid was prepared.
The physical data of the compounds described above are shown in Table 12.
TABLE 12__________________________________________________________________________ Molecular Nuclear magnetic resonance formula spectrum, .delta. value (ppm) in physical CDCl.sub.3, TMS as internalFormula properties standard__________________________________________________________________________ ##STR30## C.sub.21 H.sub.25 NO.sub.2 oil 0.83(3H,t,J=6.0Hz),1.30(6H,m), 1.93(3H,s ),2.00(3H,s),2.10(3H, s),2.20(2H,m),5.67( 1H,t,J=6.0 Hz),7.21(1H,dd,J=7.5 & 4.5Hz), 7.53(1H,dt,J=7.5 & 1.5Hz), 8.47(2H,m) ##STR31## C.sub.21 H.sub.25 NO.sub.2 oil 0.87(3H,t,J=6.0Hz),1.30(6H,m), 1.93(3H,s) ,2.00(3H,s),2.10(3H, s),2.20(2H,m),6.23(1 H,t,J=6.0 Hz),7.20(1H,dd,J=7.5 & 4.5Hz), .52(1H,dt,J=7.5 & 1.5Hz),8.40 (1H,dd,J=4. 5 & 1.5Hz),8.47(1H, d,J=1.5Hz) ##STR32## C.sub.21 H.sub.23 NO.sub.4 oil 1.60(4H,m),1.97(3H,s),2.03(3H, s),2.13(3H ,s),2.0-2.50(4H,m), 5.70(0.5H,t,J=7.5Hz), 6.27 (0.5H,t,J=7.5Hz),7.25(1H,m), 7.55(1H,m),8.50(3H,m)__________________________________________________________________________ *E means the isomer where the pyridine nucleus on the one carbon and hydrogen atom on the other carbon are on the same direction in the trisubstituted olefin bond. **Z means the isomers where they are on the opposite directions to each other. ***E + Z means a mixture of E and Z.
REFERENCE EXAMPLE 14
1,4-Dimethoxy-2,3,5-trimethylbenzene, 9.00 g (50 mmole), was dissolved in CH.sub.2 Cl.sub.2 (60 ml) and stirred with ice-cooling. After addition of 14.4 g (50.times.2.5 mmole) of dichloromethyl, methyl ether, 13.8 ml (50.times.2.5 mmole) of titanium tetrachloride dissolved in CH.sub.2 Cl.sub.2 (30 ml) was added dropwise over 15 minutes. After stirring for further 15 minutes with ice-cooling, the ice bath was removed and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 4 hours. The reaction mixture was poured into crashed ice (about 200 g) and stirred vigorously for 30 minutes. The CH.sub.2 Cl.sub.2 layer was washed with water (3 times), and dried (MgSO.sub.4), from which CH.sub.2 Cl.sub.2 was evaporated off. The residue was recrystallized from isopropyl ether/hexane (1:1), to give 6.18 g of 2,5-dimethoxy-3,4,6-trimethylbenzaldehyde. The mother liquor was concentrated, and the residue was purified with silica gel (60 g) column chromatography (eluted with isopropyl ether), to give 3.70 g of 2,5-dimethoxy-3,4,6-trimethylbenzaldehyde.
Yield 9.88 g (95%), m.p. 85.degree.-86.degree. C.
To a solution of 20 g (96 mmol) of 2,5-dimethoxy-3,4,6-trimethylbenzaldehyde in 200 ml of ethanol, 1.8 g (47.6 mmol) of sodium boronhydride was added and stirred for 30 minutes. To the reaction mixture saline was added, and the product was extracted with ethyl acetate. The extract was washed with water and dried, from which the solvent was evaporated off under reduced pressure. The residue was crystallized from isopropyl ether, to give 18.6 g (92.1%) of 2,5-dimethoxy-3,4,6-trimethylbenzylalcohol. m.p. 121.degree.-122.degree. C.
A solution of 16.5 g (78.5 mmol) of 2,5-dimethoxy-3,4,6-trimethylbenzylalcohol in 90 ml of tetrahydrofuran was cooled to 0.degree. C., to which 14.2 g (52.5 mmol) of phosphorus tribromide was added with stirring. After stirring at the same temperature for 30 minutes, the reaction mixture was diluted with water and extracted with isopropyl ether. The extract was washed with a saturated aqueous solution of sodium hydrogen carbonate and dried, from which the solvent was evaporated off. The residue was crystallized from methanol, to give 17.2 g (80.0%) of 2,5-dimethoxy-3,4,6-trimethylbenzyl bromide. m.p. 71.degree.-72.degree. C.
A solution of 15.5 g (98.1 mmol) of 3-bromopyridine in 200 ml of ethyl ether was cooled to -78.degree. C., to which 61.3 ml (98.1 mmol) of n-butyllithium (1.6M hexane solution) was added dropwise. For 20 minutes after completion of the addition, the mixture was stirred at the same temperature, and then a solution of 26.8 g (98.1 mmol) of 2,5-dimethoxy-3,4,6-trimethylbenzyl bromide in 100 ml of ethyl ether was added dropwise. After stirring at 78.degree. C. to room temperature for 1 hour, the reaction mixture was diluted with water and extracted with ethyl acetate. Then the extract was extracted reversely with 2N-hydrochloric acid, and the water layer was made weakly alkaline with a saturated aqueous solution of sodium hydrogen carbonate and extracted with ethyl acetate. The extract was washed with water, dried, and concentrated. The residue was purified with silica gel column chromatography (ethyl acetate), to give 22.8 g (85.8%) of 3-(2,5-dimethoxy-3,4,6-trimethylbenzyl)pyridine.
In a similar way, using 2-formyl-1,4-dimethoxy-3-methylnaphthalene as the starting substance, 3-[(2-(1,4-dimethoxy-3-methylnaphthyl)]methyl]pyridine was synthesized via [2-(1,4-dimethoxy-3-methylnaphthyl)]methanol (m.p. 122.degree.-123.degree. C) and [2-(1,4-dimethoxy-3-methylnaphthyl)]methyl bromide (m.p. 79.degree.-80.degree. C.).
REFERENCE EXAMPLE 15
To a solution of 499 mg (7.33 mmol) of imidazole and 2.0 g (7.33 mmol) of 2,5-dimethoxy-3,4,6-trimethylbenzyl bromide in 12 ml of dimethylformamide, 1.2 ml of triethylamine was added and stirred at room temperature for 1 hour. The reaction mixture was diluted with water and extracted with ethyl acetate. The extract was washed with water and dried, from which the solvent was evaporated off. The residue was purified with silica gel column chromatography (chloroform-methanol(1:1)) and recrystallized from isopropyl ether, to give 0.9 g (47.3%) of 1-(2,5-dimethoxy-3,4,6-trimethylbenzyl)imidazole. m.p. 82.degree.-83.degree. C.
REFERENCE EXAMPLE 16
To a stirred tetrahydrofurane solution (40 ml) of 7-(2,5-dimethoxy-3,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-7-(3-pyridyl)heptanoic acid (3.0, 7.8 mmol) prepared in the Reference Example 11 was added lithium aluminum hydride (450 mg, 11.9 mmol) under ice-cooling. The reaction mixture was allowed to rise to room temperature and stirred for 30 min. After that water was carefully added to the reaction mixture and the product was extracted with ethylacetate. The extract was washed with water, dried, and evaporated in vacuo to yield 7-(2,5-dimethoxy-3,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-7-(3-pyridyl)heptanol (2.3 g, 79.6%) as, an oil, after chromatography of the crude product on silica gel.

Number	Date	Country	Kind
61-19547	Jan 1986	JPX
61-94168	Apr 1986	JPX

Number	Name	Date
3929880	Kirchlechner et al.	Dec 1975
4271083	Morimoto et al.	Jun 1981
4393075	Terao et al.	Jul 1983
4489096	Terao et al.	Dec 1984

Certain benzoquinones, naphthoquinones and derivatives thereof which exhibit thromboxane A.sub.2 synthetase inhibition or receptor antagonism and the like

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