Patent Application
20100172996
The present invention relates to a chain-end functionalized methoxy poly(ethylene glycol) (mPEG) and a process of preparing the same. Also, the present inventions relates to a living methoxy poly(ethylene glycol) for preparing the functionalized methoxy poly(ethylene glycol). Further, the present invention relates to a nano-particles of transition metal or metal salt encapsulated in the micelle structure formed by the chain-end functionalized methoxy poly(ethylene glycol). In addition, the present invention relates to a method for preparing the nano-particles of transition metal or metal salt.
Various methods for functionalizing the chain-end of PEO, which is useful for capsulating water-insoluble drugs, and their applications have been studied for a long time (J. M. Harris et al, Nature Reviews Drug Discovery, 2003, Vol. 2, pages 214-221; Zalipsky et al, Bioconjugate Chemistry, 1995, Vol. 6, pages 150-165). In this respect, the processes for preparing polyethylene oxide or poly(ethylene glycol) by living anionic polymerization are well described in various literatures (e.g., S. Slomkowski et al, “Anionic Ring-opening Polymerization”, in Ring-Opening Polymerization: Mechanism, Catalysis, Structure, Utility, Edited by D. J. Brunelle, 1993, Chap. 3, pages 87-128; Quirk et al, “Macromonomers and Macromonomers”, in Ring-Opening Polymerization: Mechanism, Catalysis, Structure, Utility, Edited by D. J. Brunelle, 1993, Vol. 9, pages 263-293).
Further, the process for preparing block copolymers consisting of PEO and other polymers are also disclosed in various literatures (e.g., Jankova et al, Macromolecules, 1998, Vol. 31, pages 538-541; Topp et al, Macromolecules, 1997, Vol. 30, pages 8518-8520).
On the other hand, polymeric electrolytes prepared by polymerizing vinylic monomers having a carboxylic acid, sulfonic acid, amine or ammonium group have been used as pH-responsive hydrogels (R. S. Harland et al, “Polyelectrolyte Gels, Properties, Preparation, and Applications,” ACS Symp. Series #480, Am. Chem. Soc, Washington, D.C., 1992, Chap. 17, page 285).
The object of an embodiment of the invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems.
The object of another embodiment of the invention is to prepare a methoxy poly(ethylene glycol) by living anionic polymerization and provide a method for preparing of methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)-based polymeric substances, molecular weights of which may be regulated through chain end-functionalization.
The object of another embodiment of the invention is provide a living methoxy poly(ethylene glycol) to be used for preparing chain end-functionalized methoxy poly(ethylene glycol).
The object of another embodiment of the invention is to provide particles of transition metals or transition metal salts having nano sizes.
The object of another embodiment of the invention is to provide a polymeric medicine consisting of a drug such as vitamins or an anti-cancer drug and methoxy poly(ethylene glycol) linked to the drug.
In accordance with one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a living mPEG of the following formula wherein the end group is replaced with an alkali metal cation:
wherein, Z is selected from the group consisting of Lithium, Sodium, Potassium, Cesium and Rubidium.
In accordance with one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a chain-end functionalized mPEG selected from the group consisting of compounds of the following formulas 2 to 5:
wherein,
R1 and R5 are each independently hydrogen or methyl,
R2 is an amide such as N-isopropylacrylamide; a sulfonamide such as sulfabenzene, sulfisoxazole, sulfacetamide, sulfamethizole, sulfadimethoxine, sulfadiazine, sulfamethoxy pyridazine, sulfamethazine, sulfisoimidine and sulfapyridine; a vitamin such as folic acid; or amide group or sulfonamide group-containing a drug such as indisulam, doxorubicin, paclitaxel vancomycin and amprenavir,
R3 is hydrogen, isobutylacrylonitryl, phenyl or halogen,
R4 is phenyl or isobutylacrylonitryl,
X is hydrogen, hydroxyl (—OH), sulfonic acid (—SO3H), thiol (—SH), carboxy (—COOH), sulfonamide (—SO2NH—), 2-bromoisobutyryl, 2-bromopropionyl, methacrylate or anhydride,
Y is sulfonamide group such as sulfabenzene, sulfisoxazole, sulfacetamide, sulfamethizole, sulfadimethoxine, sulfadiazine, sulfamethoxy pyridazine, sulfamethazine, sulfisoimidine and sulfapyridine; a vitamin such as folic acid; or an amide or sulfonamide group-containing drug such as indisulam, doxorubicin, paclitaxel, vancomycin and amprenavir;
n is an integer in the range of 10 to 500,
k is an integer in the range of 1 to 10, and
m is an integer in the range of 5 to 50.
An aspect of the invention is a method for preparing a chain-end functionalized methoxy poly(ethylene glycol) (mPEG) having the structure of the chemical formula 2, comprising (a-2) conducing reaction of a mPEG having a number-average molecular weight (Mn) of 500 to 20,000 g/mol with an alkyl alkali metal to provide a living mPEG having end group substituted with an alkali metal cation; and (b-2) reacting the living mPEG obtained in step (a-2) with a functionalization material under vacuum to provide a chain-end functionalized mPEG.
Another aspect of the invention is a method for preparing a chain-end functionalized methoxy poly(ethylene glycol) (mPEG) having the structure of the chemical formula 3, comprising (a-3) reacting a mPEG having a number-average molecular weight (Mn) of 500 to 20,000 g/mol with an alkyl alkali metal to provide a living mPEG having end group substituted with the an alkali metal cation; (b-3) reacting the living mPEG obtained in step (a-3) with trimellitic anhydride chloride under vacuum, or argon gas stream or nitrogen gas stream; and (c-3) reacting ω-anhydride mPEG with functionalization material under vacuum, or argon gas stream or nitrogen gas stream.
Another aspect of the invention is a method for preparing a chain-end functionalized methoxy poly(ethylene glycol) (mPEG) having the structure of the following chemical formula 4, comprising (a-4) conducting reaction of a mPEG having a number-average molecular weight (Mn) of 500 to 20,000 g/mol with an alkyl alkali metal to provide a living mPEG having end group substituted with an alkali metal cation; (b-4) funtionalizing a chain end of the living mPEG obtained in step (a-4) with 2-bromoisobutyryl or 2-bromopropionyl under vacuum; and (c-4) carrying out atom transfer radical polymerization using the mPEG having brome group in a chain end as an initiator with sulfonamide methacrylate monomers or N-isopropylacrylamide monomers to prepare a block copolymer.
Another aspect of the invention is a method for preparing a chain-end functionalized methoxy poly(ethylene glycol) (mPEG) having the structure of the following chemical formula 5, comprising (a-5) reacting a mPEG having a number-average molecular weight (Mn) of 500 to 20,000 g/mol with an alkyl alkali metal to provide a living mPEG having end group substituted with an alkali metal cation; (b-5) reacting the living mPEG obtained in step (a-5) with methacryloyl chloride to provide mPEG having a chain end funtionalized with methacrylate; and (c-5) carrying out radical polymerization using the mPEG having a chain end funtionalized with methacrylate having brome group in a chain end as a macromonomer with sulfonamide methacrylate monomers or N-isopropylacrylamide monomers to prepare a graft copolymer.
According to another aspect of the invention, there is provided a polymer-drug complex, consisting of a polymer and a drug combined with the polymer, and being the chain-end functionalized mPEG mentioned above wherein R2 and Y is selected from the group consisting of a vitamin such as folic acid; and amide group or sulfonamide group-containing a drug such as indisulam, doxorubicin, paclitaxel vancomycin and amprenavir.
According to another aspect of the invention, there is provided a nano-sized transition metal or metal salt particle, wherein transition metals or metal salts thereof are encapsulated in a micelle structure formed by the chain end-funtionalized mPEG or the polymer-drug complex.
According to another aspect of the invention, there is provided a method for preparing the nano-sized transition metal or metal salt particle, comprising dissolving the chain end functionalized mPEG and a transition metal-containing compound such as metal salts or hydrates in a solvent and conducting reaction between them under the presence of a reducing agent.
The present invention is capable of simply preparing polymeric medicine such as a mPEG-based polymer and graft or block copolymer exhibiting pH- or thermo-responsive property, wherein various functional materials (e.g., vitamin, anti-cancer agent, sulfonamide material, etc.) are attached to the chain-end of mPEG having a specific molecular weight. Further, the present invention is capable of simply preparing nano-sized transition metal or metal salt particles having a size from 1 to 500 nm, preferably 1 to 100 nm, using said various chain-end functionalized mPEG-based polymers. Thus, the present invention can be advantageously used in development of new materials which are useful matrices for drug delivering system, e.g., a contrast agent and an anti-cancer agent simultaneously.
Preferred examples of the present invention will now be described in detail.
In an embodiment of the invention, any one compound of the above chemical formulas 2 to 5 may be prepared so that the compound includes sulfonic acid group (—SO3H), thiol group (—SH), carboxyl group (—COOH) or sulfonamide group (—SO2NH—). For instances, sulfonic acid group (—SO3H), thiol group (—SH) and carboxyl group (—COOH) may be introduced in a chain-end by adding 1,3-propane sultone, propylene sulfide monomers or carbon dioxide, respectively, to the living mPEG obtained in the above (a-2), (a-3), (a-4) or (a-5) (hereinafter, all of these are referred to as simply “(a)”) steps.
In addition, polymeric medicine wherein a drug is introduced to a chain-end (Y group, R2) of mPEG may be prepared by having the compound of the chemical formula 3 react with vitamin such as folic acid; or amide (NH2) or sulfonamide (—SO2NH— group)-based drug such as amprenavir, doxorubicin, paclitaxel and vancomycin.
The “n” of the above chemical formulas is preferably an integer of 10 to 500. This is because if the molecular weight is not limited to the range, the reactivity is remarkably reduced and the yield of the reaction becomes bad. Further, “k” is preferably an integer of 1 to 10 and “m” is preferably an integer of 5 to 50. This is because the macroinitiator of the chemical formula 4 and the macro monomer of the chemical formula 5 may trigger structurally steric hindrance.
In one embodiment of the invention relating to a method for preparing a chain-end functionalized mPEG, the mPEG, the starting material of (a) step has preferably the molecular weight of 500 to 20,000 g/mol. When the molecular weight is not limited to the range, the reactivity may be remarkably reduced due to steric hindrance, etc. and result in a low reaction yield.
In (a) step, a living mPEG having a chain-end substituted with an alkali metal cation may be prepared by having mPEG react with an alkyl alkali metal. The alkyl alkali metal may be one or more selected from the group consisting of alkyl lithium, diisopropyl amino lithium, and an alkyl alkali metal having Sodium, Potassium, Cesium or Rubidium substituted for the above-mentioned Lithium. Most preferable alkyl alkali metal is butyl lithium.
In one embodiment of the invention relating to the method for preparing a chain-end functionalized mPEG, (b-2), (b-3), (b-4) and (b-5) (hereinafter, all of these are referred to simply as “(b)”) steps may be accomplished by having the living mPEG obtained in step a) react with sultone (e.g., 1,3-propane sultone and 1,4-butane sultone), ethylene sulfide, propylene sulfide, trimellitic anhydride chloride, methacryloyl chloride, 2-bromoisobutyryl bromide, 2-bromopropionyl bromide or 2-bromopropionyl chloride, etc., under vacuum, or argon gas stream or nitrogen gas stream.
The solvent used in step b) may be benzene/DMSO or benzene/methanol/DMSO. Also, the functionalization step b) may be conducted at a temperature of 20 to 80° C. for 6 to 48 hours.
Further, in step b), diverse functional groups can be introduced quantitatively into the chain-end of mPEG and the chain-end functionalized mPEGs of the chemical formulas 2 to 5 may be prepared accordingly. The functional groups include, but not limited to: hydrogen, hydroxyl group (—OH), sulfonic acid group (—SO3H), thiol group (—SH), carboxyl group (—COOH), sulfonamide group (̂—SO2NH—); vitamin group such as folic acid; and amine- or sulfonamide-based drug group such as doxorubicin, paclitaxel, vancomycin and amprenavir.
In addition, anhydride-containing mPEG may be prepared by having the living mPEG obtained in step a) react with trimellitic anhydride chloride. The resulting anhydride-containing mPEG reacts with vitamin group such as folic acid; or an amine- or sulfonamide-based drug such as doxorubicin, paclitaxel, vancomycin and amprenavir in a solvent such as water or methanol to obtain a polymeric medicine of the chemical formula 3, wherein a drug is introduced into a chain-end of mPEG.
(c-3), (c-4) and (c-5) (hereinafter, all of these are referred to simply as “(c)”) is steps for preparing a graft or block copolymer. Specifically, the block copolymer of formula 4 may be obtained by having the macroinitiator (e.g., the compound of formula 2 wherein X is 2-bromoisobutyryl or 2-bromopropionyl) react (atom transfer radical polymerization) with N-isopropyl acrylamide (NiPAM) or sulfonamide methacrylamide monomer such as sulfadiazine in a solvent in the presence of a catalyst system.
Further, the graft copolymer of formula 5 exhibiting thermo- or pH-responsive properties may be obtained by having the macromonomer (e.g., the compound of formula 2 wherein X is methacrylate) react (radical polymerization) with NiPAM, or sulfonamide methacrylate monomer such as sulfadiazine in a solvent in the presence of an initiator (e.g., benzoyl peroxide (BPO) or azobisisobutyronitril (AIBN)).
The solvent suitable for use in step c) may be water or cyclohexane, or a mixture of a non-polar solvent such as benzene or toluene and a polar solvent such as tetrahydrofuran (THF) and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO). The mixing volume ratio of the non-polar/polar solvent may be 90/10 to 70/30. The initiator may be benzoyl peroxide (BPO), 2,2′-azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN). A copper-based atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) catalyst etc. may be used. Also, the radical polymerization step c) may be conducted preferably at a temperature of 20 to 80° C.
As described above, according to the present invention, various functional groups including a drug can be effectively introduced into mPEG having a specific molecular weight. In addition, the nano-sizing of transition metal-containing compound such as metal salts or metal hydrates can be easily achieved using the chain-end functionalized mPEG. The nano-sized metal or metal salt particles are obtained in a form of polymer-encapsulated particles wherein the polymer is a water-soluble mPEG-based material. As such, they can be readily soluble in an aqueous medium as well as in an organic solvent.
Here, the term “transition metal-containing compound” means all of the compounds containing a transition metal. The transition metal-containing compound includes, but not limited to, transition metals or metal hydrates. The transition metal-containing compound may preferably be one or more selected from the group consisting of FeCl3, FeCl2, HAuCl4, Cd(OAc)2.XH2O and AgNO3.
A transition metal such as gold (Au), silver (Ag), Platinum (Pt), Palladium (Pd), cadmium sulfide (CdS), iron oxide (γ-Fe2O3 or Fe3O4), PbS, etc. or a salt thereof may be stabilized in the form of a nano-cluster. The nano-cluster has preferably a size of 1 to 500 nm, more preferably 1 to 100 nm.
The nano-particles of transition metals or salts thereof include, but not limited to Au, Ag, Pt(II), Pd(II), CdS, PbS, TiO2, γ-Fe2O3 and Fe3O4 particles.
In the method for preparing nano-particles of transition metals and salts thereof according to one embodiment of the invention, the concentration of the transition metal-containing compound solution, which is a starting material, is preferably 0.01 to 1 g/ml. The reaction temperature is preferably 5 to 70° C. and may be changed according to the desired particle size or the reaction rate. The reducing agent includes ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH), hydrazine monohydrate (N2H2), NaBH4, H2O2, H2S, Na2S etc. The molar ratio of the polymer to the metal or the metal salt is preferably from 100:1 to 1:1. When the amount of the polymer is too large, the content of the nano-particles is too low. When the amount of the polymer is too small, the metal nano-particles are not stabilized, and non-uniformed particles and much precipitates are formed. The above method enables the preparation of the nano-cluster of metal or its salts in an aqueous solution as well as in an organic solvent.
The following Examples are intended to further illustrate the present invention without limiting its scope.
0.01 mole of mPEG (Molecular weight: 5,000 g/mol, Aldrich; Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether) was put to a 2 L-round bottom Pyrex flask and the air was evacuated therefrom by attaching to vacuum line and dried. Then, 1 L of benzene was distilled and the m-PEG was dissolved in the benzene. N-butyl lithium (30 ml) was slowly added to the resulting solution with a syringe under argon gas stream while cooling using an ice bath, followed by slowly warming to about 30° C. After 48 hours, when it was confirmed that the transparent color of the solution was gradually changed to yellow color, the reaction was terminated by adding a small amount of distilled methanol to the solution and then contacting the solution with air. The solution was precipitated in diethyl ether to obtain a living mPEG wherein an end-group is substituted with Li (mPEG-Li). The obtained polymer has a number-average molecular weight was 5,000 g/mol.
20 mmol of 2-bromoisobutyryl bromide (in 20 ml of THF) was added to 200 ml of polymeric alkoxide solution ([mPEG-Li]=6.3 mmol) obtained in Example 1, followed by stirring for 24 hrs at room temperature. After the completion of the reaction, the solvent was removed therefrom by evaporation under reduced pressure. The resulting residue was recrystallized from ethanol to obtain powder (mPEG-based macro initiator). The number-average molecular weight of the obtained polymer was 5,300 g/mol based on a GPC analysis. The yield of chain-end bromination was 95 mol % or more based on a 1H-NMR analysis.
30 mmol of methacrylroyl chloride was added to 200 ml of the solution ([mPEG-Li]=6.3 mmol) of the living mPEG obtained in Example 1, followed by stirring for 24 hrs at room temperature. After the completion of the reaction, the solvent was removed therefrom by evaporation under reduced pressure. The resulting residue was re-dissolved in THF, precipitated in diethyl ether and recrystallized from ethanol to obtain the mPEG-based macromonomer. The number-average molecular weight of the obtained polymer was 5,100 g/mol. The yield of chain-end functionalization was over 95 mol % based on a 1H-NMR analysis.
1,3-Propane sultone in THF was added ([mPEG-Li]/[sultone]=1/3, mol/mol) to 200 ml of the solution of the living mPEG (Mw=5,000 g/mol) obtained in Example 1 and the mixture was subject to reaction for 24 hrs at room temperature to obtain w-sulfonated mPEG. Some of the solvent was removed therefrom by evaporation under reduced pressure. The resulting residue was precipitated in diethyl ether, dissolved in THF and recrystallized from ethanol to obtain powder. The number-average molecular weight of the obtained polymer was 5,100 g/mol based on a GPC analysis. The yield of chain-end functionalization was over 95 mol % based on a 1H-NMR analysis.
Purified propylene sulfide was added ([mPEG-Li]/[PPS]=1/3, mol/mol) to 200 ml of the solution of the living mPEG (Mw=5,000 g/mol, 6.3 mmol) obtained in Example 1 and allowed to react for 6 hrs at room temperature under a high vacuum to introduce a thiol group into the polymer chain-end. The resulting product was recovered by precipitating it in diethyl ether, re-dissolved in THF and recrystallized from ethanol to obtain as powder. The number-average molecular weight of the obtained polymer was 5,100 g/mol based on a GPC analysis. The yield of chain-end thiolization was over 95 mol % based on a 1H-NMR analysis.
0.005 mol of trimellitic anhydride chloride (Aldrich) (98%) in 60 ml of THF was put with a syringe to a reactor containing the solution ([mPEG-Li]=0.001 mmol) of the living mPEG (Mw=5,000 g/mol) obtained in Example 1. The mixture was allowed to react for 1 hr at 5° C. and was further allowed to react for 15 hrs at 35° C., precipitated in diethyl ether and the solvent was removed therefrom. The resulting residue was dissolved in THF and recrystallized from ethanol to obtain {acute over (ω)}-anhydride-mPEG. The number-average molecular weight of the obtained polymer was 5,200 g/mol. The yield of chain-end functionalization was about 85 mol % based on the concentration of the polymer solution initially used.
1.5 g ω-anhydride-mPEG (mPEG-TMA) (Mn=5,200 g/mol) obtained in Example 6 and doxorubicin chloride (0.17 g)/MeOH (50 ml) were put in 100 ml reactor and allowed to react for 24 hrs under a nitrogen gas atmosphere. The resulting product was recovered by precipitating in dimethyl ether and washed several times using diethyl ether. The precipitates were dissolved in THF, and the THF-soluble and insoluble portions were separated. The THF-soluble portion contains mPEG-doxorubicin (mPEG-TMA-Dox) and the THF-insoluble portion contains unreacted doxorubicin. The THF-soluble portion was concentrated to obtain powder (mPEG-TMA-Dox) as a red solid. The obtained powder was a polymer drug of mPEG having a doxorubicin group at its chain-end. The number-average molecular weight of the obtained polymer was 5,800 g/mol. The yield of chain-end functionalization was over 95 mol % based on a 1H-NMR analysis.
0.01 mol of mPEG-TMA (Mn=5,200 g/mol) obtained in Example 6 and sulfamethazine (0.03 mol)/ethanol (50 ml) were put in 250 ml reactor. Then, 100 ml of ethanol was added thereto. The mixture was refluxed for 12 hrs at 70° C. while stirring. After the completion of the reaction, the resulting product was precipitated in diethyl ether at room temperature and recrystallized from ethanol to be obtained in a solid state (mPEG-sulfonamide). The number-average molecular weight of the obtained polymer was 5,400 g/mol and the reaction yield was over 95 mol % based on the amount of mPEG used.
1 g of mPEG-TMA (Mn=5,200 g/mol) obtained in Example 6 and 0.42 g of folic acid (5 eq.) were reacted in 20 ml of DMSO for 24 hrs at room temperature. The resulting product was precipitated in diethyl ether, re-dissolved in THF and recrystallized from ethanol to obtain yellow powder (mPEG-TMA-FA). The number-average molecular weight of the obtained polymer was 5,600 g/mol and the reaction yield was over 98 mol % based on the amount of mPEG used.
0.8 g of mPEG-TMA (Mn=5,200 g/mol) obtained in Example 6 and 0.68 g of vancomycin (3 eq.) were reacted in 20 ml of DMSO for 80 hrs at room temperature. The resulting product was dissolved in methanol and precipitated in diethyl ether to obtain gray powder. The number-average molecular weight of the obtained polymer was 6,500 g/mol. The yield of chain-end functionalization was over 98 mol % based on a 1H-NMR analysis.
Copolymerization of the macromonomer (1.6 mol %) obtained in Example 3 and N-isopropylacrylamide (NiPAM, 98.4 mol %) was performed as follows.
4-(Bromomethyl)benzoic acid (0.25 mmol), sodium hydroxide (0.5 mmol) and distilled water (20 ml) were put in 250 ml 3-neck flask under a nitrogen gas atmosphere. The mixture was slowly stirred for about 30 minutes. The mPEG macromonomer (2.25 g, 0.5 mmol)/distilled water (50 ml) solution was prepared in 100 ml 2-neck flask under an argon gas atmosphere. The NiPAM (3.4 g, 30 mmol)/distilled water (50 ml) solution was prepared while stirring in other 100 ml 2-neck flask under an argon gas atmosphere. The Me6TREN (ligand, 0.25 mmol)/Cu(I)Br (0.25 mmol) mixture was added to the 250 ml flask containing the initiator. Then, the macromonomer and NiPAM solutions were added thereto simultaneously after 1 minute using a cannula and a syringe, respectively. The resulting mixture was stirred for 3 hrs at room temperature under an argon gas atmosphere. The resulting solution was precipitated in distilled water of 50° C. to obtain 4.5 g of powder. The number-average molecular weight of the obtained graft copolymer was 18,000 g/mol.
Copolymerization of the macromonomer (5 mol %) obtained in Example 3 and sulfonamide methacrylamide monomer (MASX, 95 mol %) was performed as follows.
4-(Bromomethyl)benzoic acid (0.25 mmol), sodium hydroxide (0.5 mmol) and distilled water (20 ml) were put in 250 ml 3-neck flask under a nitrogen gas atmosphere. The mixture was slowly stirred for about 30 minutes. The mPEG macromonomer (2.55 g, 0.5 mmol)/distilled water (50 ml) solution was prepared in 100 ml 2-neck flask under an argon gas atmosphere. The sulfonamide methacrylamide monomer (MASX, 3.8 g, 10 mmol)/NaOH (50 mmol)/H2O (50 ml) solution was prepared in other 100 ml 2-neck flask under an argon gas atmosphere. The Me6TREN (ligand, 0.25 mmol)/Cu(I)Br (0.25 mmol) mixture was added to the 250 ml flask containing the initiator. Then, the macromonomer and MASX solutions were added thereto simultaneously after 1 minute using a cannula and a syringe, respectively. The resulting mixture was stirred for 3 hrs at room temperature under an argon gas atmosphere. The reaction was terminated by adding an excess amount of HCl solution. The resulting solution was precipitated in distilled water of pH 4.5 to obtain 4.9 g of powder. The number-average molecular weight of the obtained graft copolymer was 19,000 g/mol.
Atom transfer radical polymerization was performed as follows using the mPEG having a chain-end bromide group obtained in Example 2 as an initiator.
H2O/THF (100 ml/10 ml) was put in 250 ml 3-neck flask. Then, 1.25 g of the mPEG-based macro initiator (Mn=5,300 g/mol) was added thereto and thoroughly dissolved therewith under an argon gas atmosphere. The MASX (2.6 g, 7 mmol)/NaOH (0.301 g, 7 mmol) mixture was thoroughly dissolved in distilled water (50 ml) in 100 ml 2-neck flask. The Me6TREN (0.25 mmol)/Cu(I)Br (0.25 mmol) mixture was added to the 250 ml flask and the mixture was stirred for about 10 minutes. To the resulting mixture, the MASX solution was added using a cannula, followed by polymerization for 2 hrs. The polymerization was terminated and the resulting solution was precipitated in an aqueous HCl solution to obtain powder. The powder were washed several times with HCl/methanol and dried in vacuum oven. The number-average molecular weight of the obtained block copolymer was 15,000 g/mol.
0.15 g of block copolymer (mPEG-b-poly(sulfonamide)) obtained in Example 13 was put in 20 ml vial and thoroughly dissolved with 3 ml of DMF (99%). 1 ml of FeCl3 solution (0.146 g of FeCl3/10 ml of DMF) was added thereto using a syringe. The mixture was slowly stirred for 10 minutes using a magnetic bar. The color of the solution in vial was brown. To the mixture, 1 ml of hydrazine monohydrate (N2H2, Wako Junyaku Co., 98%) was slowly added while stirring until the color thereof does not change any more. When the color change or bubbling no longer occurs, the resulting mixture was precipitated in an excess amount of methanol, filtered, washed and dried to obtain beige powder. The size of the powder was in the range of 2 to 20 nm based on a transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis.
0.51 g of chain-end sulfonated mPEG obtained in Example 4 was put in 20 ml vial and thoroughly dissolved with 5 ml of DMF (99%). 2 ml of FeCl2 solution (0.4 g FeCl2/1 ml of DMF) was added thereto using a syringe. 5 ml of aqueous NaOH solution (12.5 N) was added to the mixture, warmed to 60° C. and stirred. 1.5 ml of NH4OH was added thereto using a syringe, stirred for 6 hrs, cooled to room temperature and further stirred for 24 hrs. The brown insoluble portion was removed therefrom by filtration and the resulting solution was concentrated under a reduced pressure. The resulting residue was dissolved in methanol and precipitated in dimethyl ether to obtain yellow powder. The size of the powder was in the range of 3 to 10 nm based on a TEM analysis.
0.51 g of mPEG having a chain-end thiol group (Mn=5,100 g/mol) obtained in Example 5 was thoroughly dissolved in 10 ml of THF. HAuCl4 purchased from Aldrich company (2.0×mol) in 30 ml vial was dissolved with THF (10 ml) and NaBH4 (1.6×10−2 mol) dissolved in 10 ml of THF/methanol (9/1, v/v) was added thereto using a syringe. To the mixture, the polymer solution dissolved in THF was added using a syringe, followed by stirring for 24 hrs at room temperature. Some of the solvent was removed therefrom by evaporation and the resulting residue was precipitated in dimethyl ether to obtain light purple powder. The size of the powder was in the range of 2 to 10 nm based on a TEM analysis.
0.51 g of chain-end sulfonated mPEG obtained in Example 4 was put in 20 ml vial and thoroughly dissolved with 5 ml of THF (99%). HAuCl4 purchased from Aldrich company (2.0×10−4 mol) was injected to 30 ml vial, dissolved with THF (10 ml) and NaBH4 (1.6×10″2 mol) dissolved in 10 ml of THF/methanol (9/1, v/v) was added thereto using a syringe. To the mixture, the polymer solution dissolved in THF was added using a syringe, followed by stirring for 24 hrs at room temperature. Some of the solvent was removed therefrom by evaporation and the resulting residue was precipitated in dimethyl ether to obtain light purple powder. The size of the powder was in the range of 3 to 20 nm based on a TEM analysis.
1.0 g of mPEG-TMA-Dox (Mn=5,800 g/mol) obtained in Example 7 was put in 20 ml vial and thoroughly dissolved with 10 ml of methanol. 1 ml of FeCl3 solution (0.48 g of FeCl3/100 ml of methanol) was added thereto using a pipette. To the mixture, 1 ml of N2H2 was slowly added using a syringe, followed by stirring for 2 hrs. The insoluble portion was removed therefrom by filtration and the resulting solution was precipitated in diethyl ether. It was then washed several times to obtain purple powder. The powder were in the form of nanohybrid having a size ranging from 2 to 20 nm based on a TEM analysis.
1.5 g of mPEG-TMA-FA (Mn=5,600 g/mol) obtained in Example 9 was dissolved in 50 ml of deoxygenated distilled water. FeCl2/FeCl3 (1 mol/2 mol, 0.4 g/1.0 g) was added thereto and warmed to 80° C. while stiffing. To the mixture, 1.5 ml of NH4OH solution was added, followed by stirring for 30 minutes. The resulting mixture was cooled to room temperature and further stirred for 24 hrs. From the resulting solution, the dark brown insoluble portion was removed by filtration and then water was removed. The resulting residue was dissolved in methanol and precipitated in dimethyl ether to obtain yellow powder. The size of the powder was in the range of 2 to 10 nm based on a TEM analysis.
0.15 g of graft copolymer obtained in Example 12 was put in 20 ml vial and thoroughly dissolved with 3 ml of DMF (99%). 1 ml of FeCl3 solution (0.146 g of FeCl3/10 ml of DMF) was added thereto using a syringe and slowly stirred for about 10 minutes using a magnetic bar. The color of the solution was brown. To the mixture, 1 ml of hydrazine monohydrate (N2H2, Wako Junyaku Co., 98%) was slowly added as a reducing agent while stirring until the color thereof does not change any more. When the color change or bubbling no longer occurs, the resulting solution was precipitated in an excess amount of methanol, filtered, washed and dried to obtain beige powder. The size of the powder was in the range of 3 to 30 nm based on a TEM analysis.
0.01 mol of mPEG-TMA (Mn=5,200 g/mol) obtained in Example 6 and sulfadiazine (0.03 mol)/ethanol (50 ml) were put in 250 ml reactor and 100 ml of ethanol was added thereto. The mixture was refluxed, for 12 hrs at 70° C., precipitated in diethyl ether at room temperature and recrystallized from ethanol to obtain mPEG-sulfonamide as a solid. The number-average molecular weight of the obtained polymer was 6,000 g/mol based on a GPC analysis and the reaction yield was over 85 mol % based on the amount of mPEG used.
0.51 g of chain-end sulfonated mPEG (Mn=5,100 g/mol) obtained in Example 4 was put in 20 ml vial and thoroughly dissolved with 5 ml of toluene/methanol (90/10, v/v). 0.147 g of cadmium acetate hydrate (Cd(OAc)2-xH2O, 6.38×10−4 mol) dissolved in 10 ml of toluene/methanol (90/10, v/v) was added thereto. To the mixture, gaseous hydrogen sulfide (H2S) was slowly added using a syringe while stirring until the color thereof changes to yellow. It was then stirred for 6 hours. The resulting mixture was precipitated in diethyl ether to obtain yellow powder. The size of the powder was in the range of 2 to 30 nm based on a TEM analysis.
The same process as described in Example 22 was repeated except that 0.51 g of mPEG having a chain-end thiol group (Mn=5,100 g/mol) obtained in Example 5 was put in 20 ml vial and 5 ml of toluene/methanol (90/10, v/v) was added thereto and thoroughly dissolved to obtain CdS powder. The size of the powder was in the range of 2 to 30 nm based on a SEM analysis.
0.5 g of mPEG-TMA-vancomycin (Mn=6,500 g/mol) obtained in Example 10 was thoroughly dissolved in 100 ml of distilled water. Then, AgNO3 (1/5 eq. mPEG mole) and NaBH4 (1 eq. AgNO3 mole) as a reducing agent were added thereto. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 8 hrs. The resulting mixture was dissolved in methanol and precipitated in dimethyl ether to obtain gray powder. After dissolving the powder in methanol, the size of the powder was in the range of 5 to 15 nm based on a TEM analysis.
1.5 g of mPEG-TMA-FA (Mn=5,600 g/mol) obtained in Example 9 was dissolved in 50 ml of deoxygenated distilled water, AgNO3 (0.01 mol) was added thereto and warmed to 40° C. while stirring. 1.5 ml of NH4OH solution was added to the mixture, stirred for 30 minutes, cooled to room temperature and allowed to react for 24 hrs while stirring. From the resulting solution, the dark brown insoluble portion was removed by filtration and then water was removed. The resulting residue was dissolved in methanol and precipitated in dimethyl ether to obtain yellow powder. The size of the powder was in the range of 2 to 50 nm based on a TEM analysis.
2.5 g of w-thiolated-mPEG (Mn=5,100 g/mol) obtained in Example 5 was dissolved in 50 ml of deoxygenated distilled water, AgNO3 (0.01 mol) was added thereto and warmed to 40° C. while stirring. To the mixture, 1.5 ml of NH4OH solution was added, followed by stirring for 30 minutes. The resulting mixture was cooled to room temperature and further stirred for 24 hrs. From the resulting solution, the dark brown insoluble portion was removed by filtration and then water was removed. The resulting residue was dissolved in methanol and precipitated in dimethyl ether to obtain yellow powder. The size of the powder was in the range of 2 to 50 nm based on a TEM analysis.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 10-2007-0051997 | May 2007 | KR | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind | 371c Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/KR08/03028 | 5/29/2008 | WO | 00 | 11/25/2009 |
