CHARGE

Abstract

A charge comprises a case, the bottom of which has disposed therein an explosive cartridge, on the inside surface of which cartridge there is mounted a liner. Opposite the bottom, an upper portion of the case is cylindrical and threaded and is provided with a threaded bushing, which is mounted such as to abut the liner and has a through aperture with a diameter that is less than the inside diameter of the liner. The threaded sleeve has an internal or an external thread and the upper portion of the case has an external or an internal thread accordingly. The threaded sleeve has recesses about its periphery for the installation of a removable turning means. The bottom and the outside surface of the cartridge are conical. The liner is configured with a cylindrical shoulder in its upper part and has a height which is greater than that of the cartridge.

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to the designs of directional charges, and it can be used for crushing rocks, metal structures, and as well as a structural component of borehole charge.

BACKGROUND

Directional charge is known that includes a cylindrical case with an explosive substance inside and an end cavity, a charge initiating assembly opposed to the cavity, a cartridge mesh link coaxially mounted inside the case (SU 145385).

Directional charge is known that includes an explosive charge located in a hollow case consisting of an outer shell, a cone-shaped charge hollow with a central hole in the top, a cap with a cylindrical bushing with a through-hole bore and an initiator (GB 1243647).

Directional charge is known that includes an explosive charge located in a hollow case consisting of an outer shell, a cone-shaped charge hollow with a central hole in the top, a cap with a cylindrical bushing with a through-hole bore and an initiator characterized in that the outer shell and a cone-shaped charge hollow are made integral, a cone-shaped charge hollow is made of conjugated longitudinal elements oriented with tops towards the central opening of the hollow, and is equipped with a tubular element with an axial channel; the bottom part of the tubular element is conjugated with a cone-shaped charge hollow by means of longitudinal elements, and the axial channel is connected with the central hole and is made with a variable cross-section, the bottom part adjacent to the central hole is conical and the upper part is cylindrical, whereby the tubular element is made with a part overhang the cover. The through-hole bore of the cover cylindrical bushing is made in the form of counter-directed vertices flat cones (RU 2192609).

Explosive charge is known that includes a case with an explosive contained therein and a detonator located in the case neck characterized in that the detonator is made in the form of a detonating fuse passing through the threaded bushing in the neck and having a unit inside the case. The tail part of the charge is equipped with a socket for a connecting bushing for collecting charges in a string (RU 10451).

Charge is known that includes a case in which bottom an explosive cartridge is located, suitable for disassembly, opposite to the bottom, the upper part is cylindrical, and a cavity is mounted on the inner surface of the explosive cartridge, suitable for disassembly, and the case is provided with a threaded bushing connected to its upper part by a threaded connection. Possibility of its dismantling and/or dismantling (removing) the cartridges of explosive 204 and/or explosive 214 for separate transportation of explosive and metal parts (US 2013112411, prototype) is provided nowhere and is proved unfounded.

The possibility of dismantling a threaded bushing and, therefore, an explosive cartridge can only be thought up in connection with the presence of a threaded joint which is not necessarily dismountable. Whereby, no structural elements are provided for the installation of detachable tool of rotation without which it is impossible to rotate (screw/unscrew) the threaded bushing without the risk of damage to the parts of the charge including the explosive cartridge. The possibility of dismantling the threaded bushing and, therefore, the explosive cartridge, and also of their repeated mounting, is not provided for in any way in the description of the known charge and is not based on the drawings. But even if we assume this possibility, the disadvantages of the known charge are the difficulty of mounting and dismounting the threaded bushing as it is not possible without deformation of the additional explosive placed on it and without uncontrolled deformation of the explosive main cartridge. By itself, the threaded part (bushing 222) does not have parts or surfaces to support it when unscrewed/screwed to the case. This also excludes the possibility of its guaranteed installation until tight to the cavity without uncontrolled deformation of the explosive cartridge, allows the instability of the charge characteristics due to the effect of the variety of assembly parameters. In general, there is no possibility of visual state monitoring of the explosive cartridge and the cavity after the assembly, storage, transportation, mounting and dismounting of the explosive.

As a result of the above stated, in the known charge there is a difficulty and low reliability of the explosive cartridge fixing that requires the pressing operation of the explosive cartridge and cavity which requires the high qualification of the personnel and complex equipment, fixing the cavity by painting, as well as the high complexity of the charge disassembly—extraction of the pressed explosive cartridge upon expiration of the storage period or for periodic random check of the physical and chemical properties of the explosive. The explosive cartridge can be produced by pressing directly into the charge case, either separately or together with the cavity. Anyhow, the formation and fixing of the explosive cartridge in the case is a responsible controlled operation as the explosive cartridge is retained in the case only by frictional forces. In this case, the cavity is fixed, for example, with paint. Permissible technological variation of the dimensions of the case, cavity and explosive cartridge should be minimal to ensure a guaranteed fixation of the explosive cartridge and the cavity in the case. When assembling, a controlled pressing force is necessary. The process of the charge assembly should be carried out at the manufacturing enterprise that has special-purpose equipment and qualified personnel. Therefore, the charges should be transported only assembled for storage to the arsenal. Since the transported charge is equipped with the explosive cartridge, the requirements to ensure the safe transport of explosive according to State standard GOST 14839.20-77 “Commercial explosives. Packing, marking, transportation and storage” are imposed.

The mass of the charge case metal is several times greater than the mass of the explosive in it but all this mass should be transported in compliance with the requirements of State standard GOST 14839-77 which requires the appropriate vehicles (wagons, cars) equipped with protective devices and trained escorting staff. Thus, when using the design of the known charges, the following should be considered:

• • complexity of the tooling, equipment and process of pressing (manufacturing) the charges;
  • uncontrollable deformation (violation of integrity, geometry) of the thin-wall cavity when pressing the charge;
  • uncontrollable adhesion (engagement) of the explosive to the charge case and the cavity to the explosive cartridge;
  • instability of the charge characteristics due to the effect of the variety of assembly parameters
  • impossibility of operative disassembly of the charges without special-purpose equipment as a result of which the utilization of the defective and failed products is most often performed by burning or undermining at the special ranges;
  • impossibility or complexity of secondary use of the parts of the disassembled charges.

SUMMARY

The technical problem at which solution the claimed invention is directed is to create an efficient design of the charges that meet modern requirements and expand the arsenal of effective charge designs.

The technical result providing the solution of the task set is to increase the safety and simplify the technology of manufacturing, transportation and disposal of the charges.

This reduces the complexity of mounting/dismounting the threaded bushing as they can be carried out without uncontrollable deformation of the explosive. The threaded bushing is provided with a surface (the inner surface of the hole directly in the threaded bushing) to hold it when unscrewed/screwed to the case. It also provides the possibility of its guaranteed installation until tight to the cavity without uncontrollable deformation of the explosive cartridge, excludes the instability of the charge characteristics due to the effect of the variety of assembly parameters. In general, there is possibility of visual state monitoring of the explosive cartridge and the cavity after the assembly, storage, transportation, mounting and dismounting of the explosive cartridge.

Due to the possibility to exclude the pressing operation as the explosive cartridge and the cavity are identically fixed to exclude movement in the case by means of a threaded part (bushings, covers), with the possibility of separate storage and transportation of the charges components, as well as the possibility of dismounting and reusing their components. The fixation of the explosive and the cumulative funnel in the casing is determined not by pressing and/or adhesion, but by the presence of a part (bushing) mounted on the thread. Fixing the explosive and the cavity in the case is determined not by pressing and/or adhesion, but by the availability of a part (bushing) mounted on the thread. Assembly and disassembly of the claimed charge (extraction of the explosive cartridge and the cavity from the case) are carried out as quickly, simply and safely as these operations do not require large mechanical effects on the explosive. Technological variation of the dimensions of the explosive case and cartridge to provide the clamping force can be quite large as the size of the allowable dimensional deviation field can vary over a wider range. The explosive cartridge can be transported separately from the case thus significantly reducing the volume of cargo to which the safety requirements by State standard GOST 14839-77 are imposed.

The essence of the invention consists in that the charge contains the case, in the tapering bottom of which the explosive cartridge is placed, the cavity is mounted on the inner surface of the cartridge, and the upper part opposite to the bottom is made cylindrical with the threaded bushing, characterized in that the threaded bushing is made with grooves along the periphery to install the detachable tool of rotation and with a through hole having a diameter smaller than the internal diameter of the cavity, and installed until tight to the cavity.

In particular cases of implementation, the upper part of the case is made with external thread, and the thrust threaded bushing is made with internal thread and with grooves in the form of blind pin-mounting holes for the detachable tool of rotation.

In other cases of implementation, the upper part of the case is made with internal thread, and the thrust threaded bushing is made with external thread and with grooves in the form of radial slots for shoulders of the detachable tool of rotation.

Preferably, the case is made to be fixed mounted, and the thread connection of threaded bushing with the upper part of the case is fixed against self-unscrewing.

Preferably, the bottom of the case and the outer surface of the cartridge are made conical, cartridge is made hollow with conical internal surface, the cavity is made with cylindrical band in the upper part and higher than the explosive cartridge.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The essence of the invention is illustrated by the drawings:

The drawing in FIG. 1 shows the diagram of the charge and its assembly in the case of the external thread on the case;

FIG. 2 shows the diagram of the charge and its assembly in the case of the internal thread on the case;

FIG. 3 shows the installation of the detachable tool of rotation on the charge made according to FIG. 1;

FIG. 4 shows the installation of the detachable tool of rotation on the charge made according to FIG. 2.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT

The charge contains a case (metal, glass or plastic), in the bottom (lower part of the case) 1 of which the explosive cartridge 2 is placed, and the upper part 5 opposite to the bottom 1 is made cylindrical. The charge is provided with the thrust threaded bushing (detachable cover) 4, and the upper part 5 of the case is threaded for attaching the threaded bushing 4 until tight to the cavity 3, if any, or to the cartridge 2. The hole 7 in the bottom 1, which serves to transfer detonation and arm the charge, may be blind or plugged by the insert (not shown).

In the case of embodiment, shown in FIG. 1, the upper part 5 of the case is made in the form of a cup (cover) with external thread, and the thrust threaded bushing 4 is provided with an internal thread and a stop (thrust shoulder) 6.

The grooves are made in the form of blind cylindrical holes 8 for the cylindrical pins 9 of the detachable rotating unit 10.

The threaded bushing (fastener puck) 4 is in this case screwed onto the upper part 5 of the case.

In the case of embodiment, shown in FIG. 2, the upper part 5 of the case is made with internal thread, and the thrust threaded bushing 4 made in the form of a cylindrical fastener puck (cover) with external (outer) thread. The threaded bushing (fastener puck) 4 is in this case screwed into the upper part 5 of the case. The grooves are made in the form of diametrical through radial (transverse) slots 12 for shoulders 13 of the detachable rotating unit 14.

Threaded joints may be sealed with gaskets, seals or sealants (not shown).

The bottom 1 and the upper part 5 of the case may be made as a whole or a compound part. The bushing 4 may also be made as a whole or a compound part, solid or with a hole through the center.

The bottom 1 of the case and the outside surface of cartridge 2 are made, as a rule, conical.

The cartridge 2 is made, as a rule, hollow with a cone interior.

In the interior of cartridge 2, as a rule, a thin-walled cone cavity 3 is installed.

The explosive cartridges 2 are fabricated with no outside help.

The cartridge 2 may be both prefabricated items made from explosive (pressed, molded by melting or polymerization, turned worked), and items made from a plastic explosive.

The cartridge is assembled in the following way.

In the case of embodiment as per FIG. 1, the explosive cartridge 2 is put into bottom cone of the charge's case 1, the cavity 3 is inserted into the cartridge cone 2, then the bushing 4 is screwed onto the upper part 5 of the case, until the end of cavity 3, if available, or partridge 2 bumps into a special shoulder 6 of the bushing 4. Screwing is made by the detachable tool 10, the cylindrical pins 9 of which are inserted into holes 8.

The detachable tool 10 is a round washer with a wrench-receiving hole 11 and two pins 9. The pins 9 of the washer are inserted into the holes 8, and a wrench is inserted into the square hole 11 and screwing/ unscrewing is performed.

In the case of embodiment as per FIG. 2, the explosive cartridge 2 is put into bottom cone of the charge case 1, the cavity 3 is inserted into the cartridge cone 2, then the bushing 4 is screwed onto the upper part 5 of the case, until it bumps into the end of cavity 3, if available, or the end of partridge 2. Screwing is performed by detachable tool 14, the shoulders 13 of which are inserted into slots 12.

The detachable tool 14 is a plate with a length corresponding to outer diameter of the bushing 4. The shoulders 13 are inserted into slots 12, the big flange of the plate rests on the case 1 walls, in order to avoid twisting, falling inside the charge. In the center of the tool plate 14, a square is attached to which the wrench is inserted and screwing/unscrewing is performed.

In order to install the bushing 4, the case 1 is designed to be fixed mounted (fixation), i.e. it is advisable to fix the case 1 in place of operation. For example, on the surface of case 1 (on the outer conical or cylindrical part) two parallel grooves for out-of-fixture fixation are made. In other cases, a special tool is used, inside which the lower part of the case 1 is placed and fixed by turning the bolt via a through radial threaded hole (not shown).

Thus, in each of the embodiments of FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, the cartridge 2 is definitely fixed in the case by connecting the threads of the upper part 5 of the case 4 to the thread of the bushing 4.

At that, the explosive cartridge 2 and cavity 3 are inserted into the case (shell) freely or with minimal effort, not requiring industrial powerful press equipment. The charge may be assembled either manually or by means of devices with a controlled effort of tightening the thread of the bushing 4 on the charge case, followed by locking the bushing 4, for example by notching in thread (LOCKNUT contrer. professional Stop, make stationary) against self-unscrewing. Also, a bonding agent, for example a sealant or glue, can be applied to the fillets of screw of the threaded bushing 4 with the upper part 5 of the case, which prevents unauthorized disassembly of the charge.

The cartridge can be initially fixed in the case by means of threaded, key or other methods (not shown).

It is advisable to deliver the cases and explosive cartridges to the storage site (arsenal) separately, since the claimed design allows for simple, not requiring industrial equipment and high-skilled personnel, assembly of charges at the place of storage or operation.

The unfilled cases compose the main bulk and volume of the transport cargo, on which no explosives safety requirements are to be imposed and general-purpose transportation means may be used. The explosive cartridges are transported independently, by special transport, with observance of requirements for transportation of explosives. The mass of explosive cartridges is several times smaller than the mass of the cases and much less special vehicles (specially equipped wagons, cars) and trained accompanying personnel are required for their transportation. For some explosives, it is possible to transport the explosive cartridge in water or a special inert liquid, which excludes unauthorized access and mechanical influences on the explosive during it transportation.

The use of charges is made in the usual way for their intended purpose when performing various engineering tasks or as ammunition. When using charges, an explosive explodes, releasing heat and forming intensively heated gases. High-pressure gases produce a destructive effect, accompanied by propagation of so-called shock wave. Cumulative charges, during explosion of which a directed jet of high impact concentration is formed due to cavity 3, which provides a penetrating effect to a considerable depth, are used to penetrate large width of armored and reinforced concrete structures.

The charge is dismantled in the reverse order, and the following is provided for this design:

• • the possibility, after removal of the bushing 4, of a technologically uncomplicated assembly and extraction (and even shaking out) of the cartridge 2 without its destruction, which allows for more detailed study (of density, geometry, detonation velocity, etc.) to determine the expediency of disposal or the possibility of further use of the charges' lot;
  • the case (1,5) of the charge, explosive of the cartridge 2 and cavity 3 (in case of a cumulative charge) are easily separated, may be used repeatedly or recycled separately;
  • explosive of the cartridge 2 when installed in the case and when recovered from it, is not subjected to a physico-chemical modification;
  • with this design of the charge, it is ensured, if necessary, the disposal of all the material of the cartridge 2 explosive, as well as the repeated use of the parts.

Thus, the proposed design provides safety and simplification of fabrication technique and disassembling of a charge, safety of storage and transportation, stability of the explosive' properties, with the possibility of full repeated use of parts after disassembly.

The prototypes of the device confirmed the achievement of the technical result and the advisability of using the invention.

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY

This invention is implemented using modern equipment available in the industry.

Claims

1. A charge containing a case, in a tapering bottom of which an explosive cartridge is placed, a cavity is mounted on an inner surface of the cartridge, and an upper part opposite to the bottom is made cylindrical with a threaded bushing, characterized in that the threaded bushing is made with grooves along a periphery to install a detachable tool of rotation and with a through hole having a diameter smaller than an internal diameter of the cavity, and installed until tight to the cavity.

2. The charge according to claim 1, characterized in that the upper part of the case is made with an external thread, and the thrust threaded bushing is made with an internal thread and with grooves in a form of blind pin-mounting holes for the detachable tool of rotation.

3. The charge according to claim 1, characterized in that the upper part of the case is made with an internal thread, and the thrust threaded bushing is made with an external thread and with grooves in a form of radial slots for shoulders of the detachable tool of rotation.

4. The charge according to claim 1 claim, characterized in that the case is made to be fixed mounted.

5. The charge according to claim 1, characterized in that a thread connection of the threaded bushing with the upper part of the case is fixed against self-unscrewing.

6. The charge according to claim 1, characterized in that the bottom of the case and an outer surface of the cartridge are made conical.

7. The charge according to claim 1, characterized in that the cartridge is made hollow with a conical internal surface.

8. The charge according to claim 1, characterized in that the cavity is made with a cylindrical band in the upper part and higher than the explosive cartridge.