Cheerleader training device

Abstract

A training apparatus for use by a user in learning balance when standing on one leg and having no external balance support includes a stable base assembly, a support column extending vertically from the stable base assembly, a rigid standing surface member, and means for providing rotation in a horizontal plane to the rigid standing surface member. Rotation may occur at a constant vertical height or as the apparatus is raising or lowering. The apparatus may also include a balancing assembly with a deflectably resilient member. The apparatus promotes proper alignment and mimics the feel that a flyer cheerleader experiences when being supported by a base cheerleader.

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to an apparatus for the balance training of athletes and, more particularly, for the balance training of “cheer flyers” in the field of cheerleading.

Cheerleading is an increasingly popular sport that has evolved over time to demand the strength, balance and body coordination more commonly associated with sports like gymnastics. The rise of gymnastic-like movements in cheerleading, however, has also correlated with a dramatic increase in the number of cheerleading-related injuries. For example, the Center for Injury Research and Policy at the Columbus Children's Research Institute (Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio) reported in a study published in 2006 that the number of cheerleading-related injuries more than doubled during the 13-year study period. The study's authors called for improved safety of the sport through the implementation of rules and regulations and safety certification for coaches.

Improved training devices and methods that teach proper technique can also work to prevent injury. One of the more injury-prone positions in cheerleading is the “cheer flyer” or flyer. A flyer is the person at the top of the cheerleading formation that is supported by the “cheer bases” and then lifted or thrown in the air. While the flyer requires a number of skills—including a respect for heights, core body strength, and ankle, knee and hip strength—one key skill is balance. Balance is important because it is much more difficult for the bases to hold up the flyer if the flyer is wiggling around or shifting his or her weight. In addition, the flyer often has to support his- or herself on one leg while being lifted in the air and then perform a jump or tumbling maneuver from this position.

Various training devices have been developed and sold commercially to assist a flyer in improving his or her balance. These devices, which also attempt to improve the flyer's strength, include balls and boards, discs and air-filled discs having arc-shaped bottom surfaces. Many of these devices attempt to mimic the feel of the flyer being supported by the base. The devices, however, fail to accomplish this feel for a variety of reasons. Some of the devices provide too large of an area for the foot or require that both feet be used, as is the case with U.S. Pat. No. 4,509,743, issued to Lie on Apr. 9, 1985 (“the Lie patent”). Other devices fail to provide sufficient height above the floor. Still others provide a balancing element that does not behave in a manner similar to that of a base when supporting a flyer or fail to provide a mounting experience analogous to that encountered by a flyer (see, for example, the Lie patent). More importantly, these devices fail to require the proper body alignment as that needed while in the air and supported by a base. The devices also fail to allow for training of more advanced body positions such as the “Liberty,” in which the flyer's leg is bent with one or two arms in a V-position, the “Heel Stretch,” in which the bent leg is held straight up with the flyer's hand, and the “Bow and Arrow,” in which the flyer's other arm crosses the leg being held straight up.

BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

A training apparatus according to this invention includes a column supporting a balancing assembly which includes a deflectably resilient member and a standing surface. The deflectably resilient member, which mimics the feel of a flyer cheerleader when supported by a base cheerleader, preferably provides no more than two degrees of freedom of movement to the standing surface when the standing surface is under an external load. In a preferred embodiment, the deflectably resilient member is in the form of at least one compression spring. In another preferred embodiment, the deflectably resilient member is in the form of at least one compressible member.

The column provides sufficient height for the standing surface above the floor and may be a fixed column or an adjustable column. In a preferred embodiment, the column places the standing surface about 15 inches above the floor. In another preferred embodiment, the column is a fluid-activated cylinder, such as a pneumatic or hydraulic cylinder, which is capable of moving between a first vertical position and a second vertical position, thereby mimicking the feel a flyer experiences when being raised by the bases.

The standing surface is preferably a narrow, rectangular-shaped, substantially horizontal surface that provides about the same surface area as that normally encountered by a flyer when being supported by a base cheerleader's hand, shoulder or thigh. In a preferred embodiment, the width of the standing surface is about 4 inches and its length is about 6 inches. In another preferred embodiment, the standing surface is an adjustable width or length standing surface.

In another preferred embodiment, the training device includes swivel means which provide a swivel action or horizontal rotation when in use. Preferably the swivel action is a full 360°, but adjustment or limiting means can be provided to limit the rotation to less than 360°, including user-defined increments. The swivel action may be provided by a flanged bearing which resides below the support plate for the balancing assembly.

Means for limiting the swivel action to 360° (or less if desired) are provided. The limiting means, which may be a ball spring plunger interacting with a stationary ramp, gradually bring the standing surface to rest after it has rotated through a full 360° or the desired angle. An internal actuator may also be included to provide for vertical travel when in use (and during a swiveling action).

A better understanding of the invention will be obtained from the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments taken in conjunction with the drawings and the attached claims.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is an isometric view of the training device. The device includes a base portion, a column, and a balancing assembly supported by the column. The column provides sufficient training height above the floor. The balancing assembly includes a deflectably resilient member, shown here as a pair of spaced-apart springs, located beneath the standing surface and above a member support surface. The device mimics the feel that a flyer experiences when being supported by a base cheerleader.

FIG. 2 is a side isometric view of an alternate embodiment of the training device. The base portion has sufficient mass and area to stabilize the apparatus when in use.

FIG. 3 is a front view of the training device as a user mounts the device and attempts a basic, intermediate or advanced flyer position. The standing surface provides about the same surface area that a flyer would have when being supported by a base cheerleader.

FIG. 4 is a side view of the training device as the user balances on the training device. The deflectably resilient member partially compresses yet retains dynamic instability. The sizing of the standing surface and its arrangement relative to the column helps ensure that the user is always in the proper alignment when correctly performing any flyer position. This alignment is the same as that required by the flyer when being supported by a base cheerleader.

FIG. 5 is a side view of the training device as the user starts to lose balance and roll to the side of the standing surface. The deflectably resilient member responds accordingly, further compressing to the side or end toward which the user has shifted his or her weight and decompressing along the opposite side.

FIG. 6 is an isometric view of an adjustable height column. Younger cheerleaders or beginning cheerleaders may prefer to start training at a lower height and then increase the height as skill increases and more confidence is obtained. The receiver and pin combination also allow for a column of one height to be quickly changed with a column of a different height.

FIG. 7 is a view of an alternate embodiment of the device showing a fluid-activated column. The column moves from a first position to a second, elevated position in order to mimic the experience of a flyer when being raised by the base cheerleader.

FIG. 8 is side view of another embodiment of the training device in which the balancing assembly rests on swivel means which provide for horizontal rotation during use. Limiting means are provided to bring the balancing assembly to a stop after 360° of rotation (or some predetermined or desired amount of rotation). The device may also be raised or lowered during the swivel action.

FIG. 9 is a front view of the device of FIG. 8.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

Preferred embodiments of a cheerleader training device will now be described by making reference to the drawings and the following elements illustrated in the drawings:

10	Training device	50	Balancing assembly
11	Internal actuator	52	Standing surface
20	Base assembly	54	Support plate
22	Base	56	Deflectably resilient member
24	Base plate	58	Clamp
26	Bolts	60	Flange mount bearing
28	Receiver	62	Ball spring ramp
30	Pin	64	Ball spring plunger
40	Support column
42	Adjustment hole
44	Upper tube

Referring to the drawings and first to FIGS. 1, 2 & 6, the training device 10 includes a stable base assembly 20, a support column 40, and a balancing assembly 50. Base assembly 20 must be of sufficient size and mass to provide stability for device 10 so that device 10 does not tip over when in use. In a preferred embodiment, base assembly 20 is a metal base plate 24 that is secured by bolts 26 to a larger sized wooden base 22.

The lower end of column 40 is preferably permanently secured to base plate 24. In another preferred embodiment, column 40 may include a series of adjustment holes 42 for adjusting the height of column 40 to a height appropriate for the age and skill level of the user. Column 40 is tightly received by a receiver 28 and detachably secured to the receiver 28 by way of a pin 30. A sufficient length of column 40, however, must remain in receiver 28 to prevent any side-to-side movement of column 40. Alternatively, the upper end of column 40 may be permanently secured to the lower surface of support plate 54 or tightly received by a similarly configured receiver 28 (not shown). By detachably securing column 40 to base plate 24 or support plate 54, different fixed-length column 40s may be employed. In a preferred embodiment, a permanently secured column 40 places the standing surface 52 at a height of about 15″ for use with users ranging in age from 10 to 18 years old.

Device 10 may be—with the exception of base 22 and bolts 26—an all metal, all welded construction. Although the type of material used in device 10 is not the inventive feature, lighter materials, such as plastic, may be used for various components of device 10 provided that proper structural support and weighting are added. For example, base 22 may be a sand- or fluid-filled rectangular plastic compartment having appropriate internal structural support. A thick-walled plastic column 40 may be directly received by base 22 and filled with sand or fluid in its lower half, or column 40 may detachably or permanently connect to base 22 way of a plate 24. Balancing assembly 50 may also include a plastic standing surface 52 and support plate 54.

Balancing assembly 50, in combination with base assembly 20 and column 40, promotes proper technique for a flyer. This feature of device 10 is important because without proper technique, the flyer will not be able to balance and remain on device 10 nor maintain balance when being supported by the base. See e.g., FIGS. 3 to 5. Balancing assembly 50, which is preferably centered relative to column 40 and base assembly 20, includes a standing surface 52, a support plate 54, and a deflectably resilient member 56 disposed between the standing surface 52 and the support member 54.

Balancing assembly 50 prevents the user from lifting her heel or toe from support member 54. If the user does either of these, she will have to check her balance or come off the front or back of standing surface 52. This is important because a flyer who lifts her heel or raises her toes presents problems for the base cheerleaders. When the bases hold the flyer's foot, the “main base” has her hands gripped on the heel and toe of the foot and the “side base” has her hands gripped in the center of the foot, often bracing the front wrist of the main base. Balancing assembly 50, therefore, requires that the flyer keep her heel down and does not roll back on the heel while on standing surface 52.

Standing surface 52 is a substantially horizontal surface having a width “W” and length “L”. In one embodiment, sanding surface is a fixed width and length of about 4 inches by 6 inches, roughly analogous to the standing area provided by the base cheerleaders. In another embodiment, standing surface 52 is an adjustable width or length (or both). Because of the small surface area provided by standing surface 52, the user must mount device 10 with a single leg in a way similar to that used when mounting a base cheerleader, thereby teaching and reinforcing proper technique and muscle memory. Support plate 54 may be about the same size as standing surface 52 and is preferably permanently attached to an upper end of support column 40.

Defectably resilient member 56 provides at least two degrees of freedom of movement: (up and down and side-to-side) to standing surface 52. In a preferred embodiment, deflectably resilient member 56 is a pair of spaced-apart springs 56A, 56B, the upper and lower portion of each spring 56A, 56B being permanently affixed to a lower and upper surface of standing surface 52 and support plate 54 respectively. A pair of tractor springs is suitable for this purpose. Tests conducted using various sized springs revealed that smaller springs provided too much response in comparison to that typically provided by a base cheerleader and made device 10 too difficult to stand on and balance. The springs 56A, 56B along with the small area provided by standing surface 52 mimic the feeling that a flyer has after being lifted up and supported by the bases. Deflectably resilient member 56 may be some other type of compressible member such as a fluid-filled (air or water) chamber.

Referring now to FIG. 7, an alternate embodiment of device 10 is illustrated. Column 40 is a fluid activated cylinder, such as pneumatic cylinder, that provides for raising balancing assembly 50 when in use. A hydraulic cylinder may also be used but is not preferred because of the possibility of spills. This feature simulates the sensation that the flyer experiences when being raised or lifted up by the bases.

Training device 10 may be used by school cheer squads at the school or taken home to use independently. It may also be used at cheerleading gyms or by anyone interested in becoming a flyer or improving or understanding his or her balance. Because training device 10 provides a standing surface 52 similar in size to that provided to the flyer by the bases, and because training device 10 mimics the feel that a flyer experiences when supported by the bases, a realistic training environment is provided. Because training device 10 ensures proper alignment of the user, the device teaches proper technique and reduces the risk of injury to the flyer and the bases. Training device 10 also allows for advanced flyer positions, such as the “Liberty,” “Heel Stretch” and the “Bow and Arrow” to be practiced and mastered.

Referring now to FIGS. 8 & 9, in another preferred embodiment of training device 10, swivel means provide a swivel action or horizontal rotation to the standing surface 52 when in use. The swivel means should be designed such that a user does not need to put any additional pressure on the ball of the foot or toes in order to start the swivel motion. This is because in actual stunts a base cheerleader provides the rotation to the flyer who is balancing with her or his foot in the base cheerleader's hand.

As in the other embodiments, the standing surface preferably provides about the same standing area as that typically provided by a base cheerleader (e.g., the hand or palm size ranging between a 5th percentile female and 95th percentile male).

The swivel action may be provided by a flanged bearing 60 which resides below the support plate 54 of the balancing assembly 50. The balancing assembly 50 (see e.g., FIG. 1), as in the other embodiments, includes defectably resilient member 56.

Means for limiting the swivel action to 360° (or to a desired angle less than that is provided). The limiting means, which may be a ball spring plunger 64 interacting with a stationary (ball spring) ramp 62, gradually bring the standing surface to rest after it has rotated through 360° or the desired angle. The ball spring plunger 64 is installed within the rotation portion of the flange mounted bearing 60. It provides a positive stop when used in connection with the ball spring ramp 62.

Ramp 62, which is located below ball detent, is preferably adjustable the tension can be pre-set on the ball detent so that user pressure alone on the standing surface 52 starts the swivel action (i.e., the beginning of rotation in the horizontal plane). Maximum velocity occurs at about 180° and then, at about where the angle of the ramp 62 increases, velocity begins to decrease up to about 360°, where rotation comes to a stop (at the location of the keyway). This decrease is preferably a gradual, linear decrease. Similarly, the increase in velocity is preferably a gradual, linear increase. In both cases, the increase and decrease should simulate that which a flyer would experience when in a balancing stunt and being rotated by a base cheerleader.

Ball spring ramp 62 is intended to gradually add resistance to, and depress the ball spring plunger 64. Upon reaching the grove detent (or key) at the peak of the ball spring ramp 62, a positive stop is achieved. Depending on where the user wanted to stop, a stop pin (not shown) could be placed at various stop pin locations along the ramp 62 or a set of ramps 62 (e.g., 90°, 180°, 270°) could be provided

An internal actuator 11, which is housed within support column 40, may also be included to provide for vertical travel when in use. An upper tube 44 fits within support column 40. Actuator 11 moves upper tube 44, thereby adjusting the overall height of the device 10. This height adjustment may occur during use of standing surface 52, thereby providing horizontal rotation (away from or back to a starting position) concurrent with vertical movement (upward or downward). Actuator 11 may be a pneumatic (air or fluid-filled) or electric actuator, or it can be a mechanical screw-type actuator.

A clamp 58 holds the height setting of device 10 when internal actuator 11 is not in use.

While preferred embodiments of a cheerleader training device have been described with a certain degree of particularity, many changes may be made in the details of construction and the arrangement of components without departing from the spirit and scope of this disclosure. A training device according to this disclosure, therefore, is limited only by the scope of the attached claims, including the full range of equivalency to which each element thereof is entitled.

Claims

1. A training apparatus for use by a user in learning balance when standing on one leg and having no external balance support, the training apparatus comprising: a stable base assembly; anda balancing assembly including a support column extending vertically from and perpendicular to the stable base assembly, a deflectably resilient member arranged above the support column, and a rigid standing surface member located above and arranged normal to the deflectably resilient member;the deflectably resilient member moving in response to a foot contact position of the user on the rigid standing surface member.

2. A training apparatus according to claim 1 further comprising the rigid standing surface member providing a first foot contact position and a second foot contact position, the first and second foot contact positions being for a same foot, each of the first and second foot contact positions placing a different portion of the same foot in contact with the rigid standing surface member.

3. A training apparatus according to claim 1 wherein the defectably resilient member is arranged to provide instability laterally and longitudinally and vertically when the rigid standing surface member is under load.

4. A training apparatus according to claim 1 wherein the deflectably resilient member moves to a first unstable position when the user is in the first foot contact position and moves to a second unstable position when the user moves between the first and second foot contact positions.

5. A training apparatus according to claim 1 wherein the deflectably resilient member is in the form of at least one compression spring.

6. A training apparatus according to claim 1 wherein the deflectably resilient member is in the form of a least one compressible member.

7. A training apparatus according to claim 1 further comprising means for adjusting a vertical height of the rigid standing surface member relative to the stable base assembly.

8. A training apparatus according to claim 7 wherein the adjustment means is an internal actuator housed within the column.

9. A training apparatus according to claim 1 wherein the rigid standing surface member is rectangular shaped and has a length at least 1¼ times that of its width.

10. A training apparatus according to claim 1 further comprising means for providing rotation in a horizontal plane to the rigid standing surface member.

11. A training apparatus according to claim 10 further comprising the rotation means including a flange mounted bearing located between the rigid standing surface member and the support column.

12. A training apparatus according to claim 10 further comprising the rotation means not requiring additional user pressure on the rigid standing surface in order to start the rotation.

13. A training apparatus according to claim 10 further comprising the rotation means including means for setting a tension at which rotation starts.

14. A training apparatus according to claim 10 further comprising means for limiting the rotation of the rigid standing surface member to no more than 360°.

15. A training apparatus according to claim 14 further comprising the limiting means including a ball spring plunger and a ball spring ramp.

16. A method of teaching balance to a user who is using the training apparatus of claim 1, the method comprising the steps of: (i) keeping a foot portion of one leg in contact with the rigid standing surface of the balancing assembly; and(ii) moving at least one arm or the other leg between a first position and a second position, the other leg not having a foot portion in contact with the rigid standing surface; and(iii) maintaining contact of the first-mentioned foot portion with the rigid standing surface.