CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL DECONTAMINATION FORMULATION WITH ENHANCED BIOCIDAL EFFICACY

Abstract

An improved formulation may include an enhanced ability relative to its predicates to destroy toxic threats in the form of sporulated bacteria, bacteria protected by biofilms, planktonic bacteria, fungus, viruses, chemical weapons, toxic chemicals including Fentanyl, its analogs, and a whole host of toxic industrial chemicals. The formulation may include a three part product composed of a buffered detergent chemical system, a hydrogen peroxide chemical system and an accelerator system designed to deliver activated peroxygen species when blended together.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

Embodiments of the present invention relate to formulations for neutralization of chemical, biological and industrial toxins. In other embodiments, aspects of the present invention relate to formulations for the treatment of bacteria cocooned or protected by biofilms.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Prior art includes materials containing solubilizing compounds and reactive compounds that include at least two solubilizing compounds, wherein at least one solubilizing compound is a cationic surfactant and at least one solubilizing compound is a cationic hydrotrope. Also, the prior art compounds include at least one reactive compound is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen peroxide, urea hydrogen peroxide, hydroperoxycarbonate, peracetic acid, sodium perborate, sodium peroxypyrophosphate, sodium peroxysilicate, and sodium percarbonate; and at least one water-soluble bleaching activator selected from the group consisting of ethylene glycol diacetate, propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, methyl acetate, dimethyl glutarate, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether acetate, and propylene glycol diacetate, and combinations thereof. In one embodiment, at least two solubilizing compounds, at least one reactive compound, and at least one water-soluble bleaching activator are mixed with water and exposed to at least one toxant to neutralize one toxant.

However, improvements are desirable for treatment of toxic chemicals including Fentanyl, its analogs and a broader spectrum of nonpolar toxants. Further, improvements relating to the ability to disrupt, distort and destroy biofilms are desirable.

SUMMARY

According to one embodiment, an improved formulation, to be abbreviated for the purpose of simplicity and to be referred to as “D7-2.0” includes an enhanced ability relative to its predicates to destroy toxic threats in the form of sporulated bacteria, bacteria protected by biofilms, planktonic bacteria, fungus, viruses, chemical weapons, toxic chemicals including Fentanyl, its analogs, and a whole host of toxic industrial chemicals. In one embodiment, D7 2.0 may include a three part product composed of a buffered detergent chemical system, a hydrogen peroxide chemical system and an accelerator system designed to deliver activated peroxygen species when blended together.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

Persons of ordinary skill in the art may appreciate that elements in the figures are illustrated for simplicity and clarity so not all connections and options have been shown to avoid obscuring the inventive aspects. For example, common but well-understood elements that are useful or necessary in a commercially feasible embodiment may often not be depicted in order to facilitate a less obstructed view of these various embodiments of the present disclosure. It will be further appreciated that certain actions and/or steps may be described or depicted in a particular order of occurrence while those skilled in the art will understand that such specificity with respect to sequence is not actually required. It will also be understood that the terms and expressions used herein may be defined with respect to their corresponding respective areas of inquiry and study except where specific meanings have otherwise been set forth herein.

FIG. 1 is a graph illustrating interfacial tension test results comparing a first formulation to an improved formulation according to one embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 2 is a graph illustrating a test result of drop volume versus time between a first formulation and an improved formulation according to one embodiment of the invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The present invention may now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings, which form a part hereof, and which show, by way of illustration, specific exemplary embodiments by which the invention may be practiced. These illustrations and exemplary embodiments may be presented with the understanding that the present disclosure is an exemplification of the principles of one or more inventions and may not be intended to limit any one of the inventions to the embodiments illustrated. The invention may be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein; rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art. Among other things, the present invention may be embodied as methods, systems, computer readable media, apparatuses, or devices. Accordingly, the present invention may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. The following detailed description may, therefore, not to be taken in a limiting sense.

In one embodiment, aspects of the invention include a three-part formulation that are provided below:

Part 1. A buffered detergent chemical system may include:

Ingredient        % in formula
Generation 5 Quat <10%
Hydrotrope        <10%
Surfactant        20 to 70
blending, foam
stabilizing,
cosolvent
formulation
system
pH buffering      0.1 to 20
system
Water             Balance

In one embodiment, hydrotrope comprises Gen 6 Quat. In another embodiment, the surfactant system comprises one or more of the following: isobutyl alcohol, diethylene glycol monobutyl ether, propylene glycol, and lauryl alcohol. In another embodiment, the pH buffering system may include potassium bicarbonate, potassium carbonate, etc.

Part 2. A hydrogen peroxide chemical system may include:

Ingredient      % in formula
Hydrogen        <20%
peroxide
Stabilizer      <2%
Gettering agent <2%
Water           Balance

In one embodiment, the stabilizer may include phosphoric acid. In a further embodiment, the gettering agent may include a phosphonate salt.

Part 3. An accelerator system may include:

Ingredient  % in formula
Accelerator 100

In one embodiment, the accelerator system comprises diacetin.

Moreover, embodiments of the invention prepare the above three parts formulation in the following desirable proportions by volume or concentration:

Part 1 about <50%

Part 2 about <50%

Part 3 about <10%

In one embodiment, as a brief description, quaternary ammonium (“Quat”) are classified as:

First Generation of Quaternary Ammonium (“Gen 1 Quat”)

Benzalkonium chloride, also known as nalquil dimethyl benzyl, wherein the alkyl chain can have variations in the composition of decarbonos number chloride. The alkyl chains of 12 and 14 carbons, are those with greater antibacterial power. This first generation emerged over 50 years ago, is the one with lowest since biocidal activity and has many years in the market for disinfection applications, there may be as bacterial resistance to the product. However, this molecule is still widely used in hospital and veterinary disinfection, bactericidal and deodorant use foot powders and topical disinfectants.

Second Generation of Quaternary Ammonium (“Gen 2 Quat”)

Chemical name: of nalquil ethyl benzyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, that is, has an ethyl radical in the aromatic ring.

Third Generation of Quaternary Ammonium (“Gen 3 Quat”)

The mixture of the first two generations of quaternary: benzalkonium chloride (1st Generation) chloride and alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride (2nd Generation). The mixture of these two quaternary it have an increased biocidal activity, increased detergency and increased user safety by a relatively low toxicity. The use of the mixture helps to prevent bacterial resistance to continued use of a single molecule.

Fourth Generation of Quaternary Ammonium (“Gen 4 Quat”)

They called “Twin or Dual Chain quats” or quaternary “twin chain” are quaternary products with linear dialkyl chains without benzene ring, such as didecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride or chloride, dioctyl dimethyl ammonium chloride or octyl decyl ammonium, each isolated. These quaternaries are superior in germicidal activity are low foaming and have a high tolerance to protein loads and hard water. Recommended for disinfection in food and beverage industry, because it can be applied by low toxicity.

Fifth Generation of Quaternary Ammonium (“Gen 5 Quat”)

Mixture of the fourth generation with the second generation, that is, didecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride++alkyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, alkyl benzyl ammonium dimetiletilbencil+of other varieties according to the formulations.

In one embodiment, the formulation may maintain their activities described in prior art associated with the predicate relative to their ability to treat surfaces contaminated with Chemical Weapon (CW), Toxic Industrial Chemicals (TICs), Bacteriological Pathogens, Pathogenic Viruses afflicting human and animal hosts, Fungus and Mildew infestations and Biofilm forming bacteria colonies. Aspects of the invention may provide substantial improvement by virtue of their ability to reduce the interfacial tension relative to the predicate(s). In one embodiment, the interfacial tension reduction manifests itself by rapidly disrupting, distorting and destroying biofilms and consequently delivering pesticidal efficacy to the underlying colony(s). Additionally, embodiments of the invention improve over the prior technology in expanding the scope of toxant treatment efficacy by the same interfacial tension reduction mechanism which enables improved uptake of nonpolar toxants into the decontamination realm of the formulae.

In one embodiment, the formulation D7 2.0 is non-toxic, safe to use on human contact surfaces and suitable for sensitive food processing facilities. In another embodiment, D7 2.0 may be diluted to levels appropriate to the application (like no rinse mild table top sanitization where <400 ppm of sanitizing agent is sufficient for effect up to >16000 ppm for high level disinfection where sporulated and biofilm cocooned pathogens as well as highly dangerous CW are involved) and may be capable of retaining virucidal and bactericidal efficacy. In one embodiment, D7 2.0 may be applied by a delivery system such as the system for mixing and dispensing fluids disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 9,855,572, and 9,856,072; and U.S. Design Pat. Nos. D799,008, D822,163, and D822,164, all assigned to the Applicant of the present application. These pesticidal efficacy claims are regulated by the Environmental Protection Agency under strict guidelines requiring adherence to standard microbiological methodology under the umbrella of Good Laboratory Practices.

In one example, some disinfection situations require a full strength application of the D7 2.0. Situations like surface decontamination or disinfection of highly soiled environments require a full strength dosage. In another embodiment, treatment of lightly soiled surfaces may only need a diluted version of the formula to achieve acceptable treatment (either disinfection or decontamination). Embodiments of the invention integrate a generation 5 quaternary amine package providing a broader efficacy spectrum for both disinfection and decontamination. One of the aspects of the invention may be that it may be easily modified or “throttled” to enable the efficient treatment of surfaces with variable surface energies.

D7 2.0 may be an aqueous based formulation with enhanced ability to rapidly treat surfaces afflicted with biological or organic chemical toxic threats. Those toxic threats may take the form of chemical agents, toxins or other substances which pose threat to human, animal or food supply health. In the case of chemical contamination, embodiments of the invention serve as a decontamination agent. Toxic threats from bacteriological sources (sporulated bacteria, biofilm encased bacteria, planktonic bacteria, viruses, fungi or mildew) are also targeted agents of these enhanced formulae in their form as a disinfectant.

A chemical or bacteriological contagion prescribes that time and destructive efficacies are the highest priorities to reduce the opportunity of proliferation of the contagion agent via aerosolization, dust lifting or other modes of spreading. As an example, in the case of encountering a potent chemical agent like Fentanyl or its derivatives, fast effective treatment (<5 minutes for 99.9% destruction) may be desirable to render the human occupied space safe for responders and occupants. Moreover, efficacy or speed of treatment may be measured in seconds up to minutes depending and varying with circumstances. For example, in the case of disinfection, a common efficacy timeframe may be 10 minutes. In one aspect, this timeframe is prescribed largely as a result of the expense involved in testing.

In one example, each time point tested might cost several thousand dollars to measure a result. In the case of decontamination, testing costs also limit time point studies. In one example, minutes may be the usual target. The speed performance of a disinfection or decontamination strategy is dependent upon: the physiochemical nature of the agent to be treated; the surface to be treated; or the amount of filth that needs to be overcome.

In one example, the theme that may play itself out in many circumstances where control of a toxic or pathogenic spread is necessary to assure safety of occupants (human or animal), food supply, husbandry facilities, human contact surfaces, health care facilities, etc. It may be difficult to apply mechanical disruption to affected surfaces due to their inaccessibility to human reach or the desire to not disturb potentially hazardous substances. Therefore, chemical potency may called on to react with threats to eliminate them. In one example, the complex surfaces and hidden areas beyond human reach may be numerous in facilities where sanitization is critical. Chemical treatment may be the only means by which sanitization potency can be delivered. It is very difficult to apply mechanical disruption force to every critical surface. Recent fatal bacteria borne outbreaks emphasized the fact that equipment sanitization was a possible vector in spreading of listeria.

In all cases, the agent(s) causing the fatal demise of the pathogenic target must come into reactive proximity of the pathogen or toxin. In this example, it may mean molecular dimension proximity. If a substance is not in the same physical state at the decontamination agent, neutralization may become less likely. Gases permeate many areas but are problematic in practice. For a liquid to be effective, it must be able to solubilize a toxant or be able intimately contact a pathogen.

In one prior technology, predicate versions of DF200 were invented for the rapid and complete treatment of surfaces contaminated with CW or TICs. However, it was not until later that the disinfection efficacy activity of the predicate formulae was applied to biota. For example, some prior technology focuses on efficacy directed to chemical warfare agents or threats. However, no or little focus has placed on the efficacy of killing bacteria or viruses when treating different surfaces. Numerous pesticidal claims have been recognized by the EPA for formulary variants of DF200.

These cidal claims were essential to bringing the potency of DF200 to critical markets where biotic contagion threatens human beings and operations essential to the general welfare. It was quickly realized that planktonic bacteria destruction was one level of treatment needed for surface treatment, which DF200 lacks. Current methods designed for assessment of disinfectant efficacy focus on planktonic (free floating or nonaggregated) bacteria. The progressive threat of biota encased in biofilms represented an elevated and persistent problem afflicting sensitive operations where pathogenic outbreaks mays cause significant harm to people, essential food supplies and other critical areas essential for the general welfare. Standard disinfection strategies failed to treat the issue. This failure is primarily due to the fact that most disinfectants do not efficiently penetrate the nonpolar biofilm protective layer. DF200 predicates were evaluated against biofilm protected pathogens and its efficacy was demonstrated.

In one embodiment, the essential performance metric for assessing the formulae D7 2.0 may include interfacial tension (IFT). IFT is the force exerted by a liquid in contact with a solid or another liquid. In treating a surface, the IFT between the contaminant and the surface must be overcome to clean the surface. When a biofilm gains a foothold on a surface, both the biofilm/surface interface and the cohesive forces holding the biofilm together must be disrupted to effectively treat the contagion.

Biofilms are surfaces that may be naturally water repellent. To disrupt them, a treatment must be able to hydraulically pry its way into the biofilm matrix. In one example, biofilms may be composed of a complex series of chemicals including proteins, polysaccharides and other chemicals that coagulate together and are designated as “EPS”, Extracellular Polymeric Substances. The EPS layer may be hydrophobic (repels water) in nature and thus naturally may be resistant to water based disinfectants. The biofilm itself may be resistant to chemical treatments targeting pathogens embodied in the film by resisting penetration into its matrix. This behavior has been actively studied and documented by numerous researchers.

In one embodiment, to eradicate the pathogenic bacteria protected by the biofilm, both adhesive and cohesive forces must be overcome. The principles defining this interaction translate also into the area of decontamination in that the adhesive forces holding a toxin onto a surface must be overcome to facilitate removal and eventual destruction. Adhesive forces may be categorized by, for example, many different types of interactions. In one aspect, the net adhesive force may be the sum of forces that enable a substance to stick to a surface. In another example, a surface may include a particular affinity for different substances. In the example, the forces that keep a contaminant on a surface (therefore in a state of threat) may be overcome to move it to the realm where it may then react in solution with the activated chemistry induced by the presence of hydrogen peroxide or be rinsed away. D7 2.0 described below may target, in one embodiment, the modulation of these forces in a way that is unique and not obvious and produce unexpected results.

EXAMPLE 1

Experiment 1

Modification of interfacial tension characteristics of the D7 2.0 may be the essence of the invention. As provided above, interfacial tension is the force that must be overcome between the barrier separating two immiscible phases. The principles underlying this behavioral property are well documented. In one embodiment, the lower the interfacial tension, the more vulnerable the interface is to the penetration of water and the reactive activated oxygen species germane to the formulation. As an example, in experiment 1, a drop of beef grease in contact with water will not be dissolved and will remain intact indefinitely for all intent and purposes. The interfacial tension between beef grease and water may be about 20 to 30 millinewton/meter (mN/m). The x-axis represents time after grease drop formation in minutes.

In this experiment, the beef grease proxy was then exposed to the D7 predicate 102 and D7 2.0 variant 104, where the D7 predicate 102 may not include the mixture of D7 2.0. The plot illustrated in FIG. 1 may demonstrate the reduction of interfacial tension of D7 2.0 in contact with beef grease based on the line 104. Also illustrated on the plot is the interfacial tension of the D7 predicate in contact with the same beef grease proxy. The initial interfacial tension in both cases renders the beef grease vulnerable. The generation 5 (gen 5) variant in D7 2.0, according to this embodiment, may show a greater proclivity for surface tension reduction than the variant. This fact demonstrates a potent and non obvious benefit for treatment of hydrophobic surfaces and toxants using the D7 2.0 formulation.

EXAMPLE 2

Experiment 2

Surface chemistry modification measurement may be achieved by employing a proprietary surface chemistry Pendant drop analysis method that may measure the volume and shape of a defined droplet versus time reckoned from initial exposure to the test formulation. This measurement may utilize a sophisticated imaging technique that continuously calculates the pendant drop volume and shape. The time to achieve 50% of the initial drop volume is one of the performance figures of merit which was noted and compared to different formulation variants. A typical plot result is shown in FIG. 2.

In one embodiment, the shift of the curve to the left upon exposure to the D7 2.0 variant may indicate a more rapid cleaning action. The t_1/2 volume time was 157 minutes at 206 for the D7 2.0 variant compared to 185 minutes at 208 for the D7 predicate. This represents a 15% improvement in decontamination performance relative to the predicate.

In one embodiment, this interfacial tension problem is one of the reasons biofilms are resistant to standard disinfectants. The surface of the biofilm are non polar in a manner similar to that of beef grease and behaves in such a way as to repel aqueous based disinfectants. In another embodiment, D7 and to a greater extent D7 2.0 may reduce the interfacial tension energy barrier present between immiscible layers. In one example, biofilm protected colonies were cultured and exposed to the D7 predicate and D7 2.0 variant. The biofilm protected colony was enumerated at 8.736=log₁₀[CFU/cm²]. Following treatment with the predicate D7 formula, a 5.2 log reduction of bacteria was measured. Following treatment with the D7 2.0 variant formula, an 8.7 log reduction of bacteria was measured. In one aspect, this may complete eradication of the biofilm protected colony. Moreover, this experiment further demonstrates the improved efficacy of the D7 2.0 variant over the D7 predicate.

In addition, D7 2.0 has been approved as a disinfectant or sanitizer pesticide against;

Staphylococcus aureus [(ATCC 6538)] [Staph]

Salmonella enterica [(ATCC 10708)] [Salmonella]

Pseudomonas aeruginosa [(ATCC 15442)]

Avian influenza A (H3N2) Reassortant Virus

Avian Influenza A (H5N1) Virus

Avian Influenza A (H7N9) Virus

Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus

Listeria monocytogenes [(ATCC 15313)]

Escherichia coli [(ATCC 11229)]

Although the invention has been described in detail with particular reference to these preferred embodiments, other embodiments can achieve the same results. Variations and modifications of the present invention will be obvious to those skilled in the art and it is intended to cover in the appended claims all such modifications and equivalents. The entire disclosures of all references, applications, patents, and publications cited above are hereby incorporated by reference.

Claims

1. A decontamination formulation comprising a mixture of: a buffer detergent chemical system comprising: generation 5 Quat;hydrotrope;a surfactant system;a pH buffering system; andwater (balance); anda hydrogen peroxide chemical system comprising: hydrogen peroxide of about less than 20%;stabilizer of about less than 2%;gettering agent of about less than 2%; andwater (balance).

2. The decontamination formulation of claim 1, further comprising an acceleration system.

3. The decontamination formulation of claim 2, wherein a ratio of the buffer detergent chemical system, the hydrogen peroxide chemical system, and the acceleration system is about less than 50%, about less than 50%, and about less than 10%.

4. A aqueous decontamination formulation comprising a mixture of: a buffer detergent chemical system comprising: Gen 5 Quat of about less than 10%;hydrotrope of about less than 10%;a surfactant system about 20% to about 70%;a pH buffering system about 0.1% to about 20%; andwater (balance); anda hydrogen peroxide chemical system comprising: hydrogen peroxide of about less than 20%;stabilizer of about less than 2%;gettering agent of about less than 2%; andwater (balance).

5. The decontamination formulation of claim 4, further comprising an acceleration system.

6. The decontamination formulation of claim 5, wherein a ratio of the buffer detergent chemical system, the hydrogen peroxide chemical system, and the acceleration system is about less than 50%, about less than 50%, and about less than 10%.

7. The decontamination formulation of claim 4, wherein Gen 5 Quat comprises didecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride++alkyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, alkyl benzyl ammonium dimetiletilbencil at a concentration in a range about 0.2% to 6%.

8. The decontamination formulation of claim 4, wherein a concentration of the hydrotrope is in a range of about 0.1% to about 4%.

9. The decontamination formulation of claim 4, wherein the surfactant system comprises one or more of the following: isobutyl alcohol, diethylene glycol monobutyl ether, propylene glycol, and lauryl alcohol.

10. The decontamination formulation of claim 4, wherein the surfactant system is at a concentration of about 60%.

11. The decontamination formulation of claim 4, wherein a concentration of the hydrogen peroxide comprises in a range of about 7% to about 9%.